WO2012159227A1 - 一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机 - Google Patents

一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012159227A1
WO2012159227A1 PCT/CN2011/001080 CN2011001080W WO2012159227A1 WO 2012159227 A1 WO2012159227 A1 WO 2012159227A1 CN 2011001080 W CN2011001080 W CN 2011001080W WO 2012159227 A1 WO2012159227 A1 WO 2012159227A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
bearing
bracket
stator
fixed shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001080
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖珊彩
施文江
刘敬波
秦明
马丽红
Original Assignee
国电联合动力技术有限公司
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Application filed by 国电联合动力技术有限公司 filed Critical 国电联合动力技术有限公司
Priority to US13/511,146 priority Critical patent/US20130161958A1/en
Publication of WO2012159227A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012159227A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of large double stator permanent magnet direct drive wind power generators, and in particular to a double stator permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator with fixed shaft support.
  • the motor can adopt a double stator structure, which increases the output power per unit volume of the motor, thereby reducing the volume and weight of the motor, which reduces the cost and facilitates transportation.
  • the existing double-stator permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbines mostly adopt the transmission chain design of Han-line tapered roller bearings (Nautilus bearings), so the huge axial thrust and pitching moment loads of the fan hubs must be set outside the motor.
  • the large, heavy-weight cabin casing is to withstand, and the double-row tapered roller bearings are very expensive.
  • the large double stator permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator adopts the above structure, and the whole machine has heavy weight and high cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a double stator permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator with fixed shaft support which can greatly reduce the cost, and is especially suitable for a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator of megawatt level or above.
  • a fixed-shaft supported double-stator permanent magnet direct-drive wind power generator including a hub, a fixed shaft, a front bearing, a bushing, a rear bearing, a front bearing end cover, a rear bearing positioning member, and a hollow a rotating shaft, a rotor turntable, a rotor, an outer stator, an inner stator, an inner stator bracket, a motor front end cover, a motor housing and a frame;
  • the fixed shaft is coupled to the frame, and the front bearing and the rear bearing are mounted on the fixed shaft, the sleeve Suit On the fixed shaft and between the inner rings of the front and rear bearings, the rear bearing positioning member is disposed outside the rear bearing, the hollow rotating shaft is set on the front and rear bearings of the fixed shaft, and the front bearing end cover is connected with the hollow rotating shaft;
  • the hub is connected to the hollow rotating shaft and the rotor turntable, the rotor turntable is connected to the front end of the rotor
  • a rotor rear bracket, a rotor rear bearing, a rotor rear bearing bracket and a rear flange are further disposed between the inner stator bracket and the frame; the rear end of the rotor is connected to the rotor rear bracket, and the rotor rear bracket is mounted behind the rotor
  • the rear bearing of the rotor is mounted on the rear bearing bracket of the rotor, one end of the rear bearing bracket of the rotor is connected to the inner stator bracket, the other end is connected with the rear flange and the frame, and the motor casing and the frame are also passed between Rear flange connection.
  • the front bearing and the rear bearing are both self-aligning bearings.
  • the fixed shaft is a hollow fixed shaft.
  • a nacelle cover of a FRP structure is also mounted on the outside of the rack.
  • the rear bearing positioning member is a shaft nut or a rear bearing end cover.
  • the rotor rear bearing is a deep groove ball bearing.
  • the invention adopts a double stator structure in a direct drive wind power generator, and at the same time, a technical scheme of fixed shaft support is adopted in the transmission chain. Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages in addition to the characteristics of large power density, small size, and light weight of the dual-stator direct-drive wind turbine:
  • the present invention adopts a structure in which a fixed shaft support is adopted in the transmission, so that it is possible to use an expensive self-aligning double-row tapered roller bearing (Nautilus bearing), and a self-aligning bearing commonly used in a wind turbine.
  • Nautilus bearing self-aligning double-row tapered roller bearing
  • the comparison of the total bearing cost of the two drive train designs is:
  • the Nautilus bearing scheme is approximately twice the size of the self-aligning bearing solution. Therefore, the bearing cost of the solution of the present invention has a large degree of savings.
  • the use of a fixed shaft to withstand and transfer the load of the impeller can be used without having to bear the hub
  • the large, heavy-weight nacelle shell of the load can be replaced with a lightweight FRP structure, which greatly reduces the weight of the whole machine.
  • the structural solution of the present invention does not employ a heavy forged spindle, but uses a hollow fixed shaft to withstand and transmit the load of the hub. Such a structure greatly reduces the weight and cost of the spindle.
  • the present invention adds a conventional deep groove ball bearing to the rear end of the generator rotor. This bearing ensures that the rotor is concentric with the stator under all operating conditions.
  • the invention can greatly reduce the weight and cost of the direct drive wind power generator, and can be widely applied to a direct drive type wind power generation system.
  • the structure can eliminate the need for expensive double-row tapered roller bearings, and at the same time pass the wind wheel load directly to the frame through a relatively small diameter hollow fixed shaft, which can greatly reduce the weight of the whole machine.
  • the use of this design is an effective way to significantly reduce the cost of permanent magnet direct drive wind turbines.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the assembly of main components of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 some of the short centerlines in the figure represent bolts and nuts of various sizes.
  • Other major components of the present invention include: hub 1, front bearing end cap 2, hollow rotating shaft 3, motor front end cover 4, rotor turntable 5, motor housing 6, outer stator 7, rotor 8, inner stator 9, and rotor Bracket 10, inner stator bracket 1 1 , rear flange 12, rotor rear bearing bracket 13 , frame 14 , front bearing 15 , bushing 16 , fixed shaft 17 , rear bearing 18 , rear bearing retainer (shaft nut 19, rotor rear bearing 20.
  • the fixed shaft 17 is fastened to the frame 14, and the front bearing 15 and the rear bearing 18 are mounted on the fixed shaft 17, and the sleeve 16 is fitted on the fixed shaft 17 and is located at the front and rear bearings 15,
  • the rear bearing positioning member (shaft nut) 19 is disposed outside the rear bearing 18, the hollow rotating shaft 3 is fitted over the front and rear bearings 15, 18 of the fixed shaft 17, and the front bearing end cover 2 is bolted tightly. It is fixed on the hollow rotating shaft 3.
  • the hub 1 is fastened to the rotor turntable 5 and the hollow rotating shaft 3 via a flange and a bolt.
  • the rotor turntable 5 is fastened to the front end of the rotor 8, the rotor turntable 5 is used to transmit the torque of the hub, and the rotor 8 is set in the rotor.
  • the inner stator 9 is mounted on the inner stator bracket 1 1 and the outer stator 7 is mounted in the motor casing 6, and the front end of the motor casing 6 is connected to the motor front end cover 4.
  • the rear end of the rotor 8 is fastened to the rotor rear bracket 10, the rear rotor bracket 10 is used to ensure that the rear end of the rotor 8 is concentric with the stator, the rotor rear bracket 10 is mounted on the rotor rear bearing 20, and the rotor rear bearing 20 is mounted on the rotor.
  • the rear bearing bracket 1 3 - end is connected to the inner stator bracket 1 1 , and the other end is fixedly connected to the rear flange 12 and the frame 14 .
  • the rear flange 12 is fixed to the rear end of the motor housing 6 and the frame 14.
  • the front bearing 15 and the rear bearing 18 in the above embodiment may all adopt a self-aligning bearing;
  • the fixed shaft 17 may adopt a hollow fixed shaft;
  • the rear bearing 20 of the rotor may be a conventional deep groove ball bearing; wherein the rear bearing positioning member 19 may also be used with a rear bearing.
  • the end cover is replaced; a fiberglass structure nacelle cover (not shown) may also be installed outside the frame 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

一种固定轴（17）支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机包括轮毂（1）、固定轴、前轴承（15）、轴套（16）、后轴承（18）、前轴承端盖（2）、后轴承定位件（19）、空心转动轴（3）、转子转盘（5）、转子（8）、外定子（7）、内定子（9）、内定子支架（11）、电机前端盖（4）、电机外壳（6）及机架（14），其中固定轴与机架连接，前轴承和后轴承安装在固定轴上，轴套套装在固定轴上且位于前、后两轴承的内环间，后轴承定位件设置在后轴承外侧，空心转动轴套装在固定轴的前、后轴承上，前轴承端盖与空心转动轴连接。该发电机大幅降低了重量和成本。

Description

一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及大型双定子永磁直驱风力发电机领域， 具体地， 涉及一种 固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机。
背景技术
随着电机功率的增大， 电机的体积将会越来越大。特别对于低速电机， 例如永磁直驱风力发电机， 当功率大于兆瓦或数兆瓦以上时， 其体积将会 变得相当庞大， 以至于会对运输带来极大困难。 针对上述问题， 电机可采 用双定子结构， 使电机单位体积的输出功率增大， 从而减小电机体积和重 量， 既降低了成本， 又方便了运输。 但现有的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机 大多采用汉列圆锥滚子轴承（鹦鹉螺轴承） 的传动链设计， 因此风机轮毂 的巨大轴向推力和俯仰力矩载荷均需由设置在电机外侧的尺寸大、 重量重 的机舱壳体来承受， 同时， 双列圓锥滚子轴承的价格非常昂贵。 现有技术 中的大型双定子永磁直驱风力发电机由于采用了上述结构， 整机重量重， 成本也较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种可大幅降低成本的采用固定轴支撑的双定 子永磁直驱风力发电机， 尤其适用兆瓦级及以上的永磁直驱风力发电机。
实现上述目的的技术方案如下： 一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 包括轮毂、 固定轴、 前轴承、 轴套、 后轴承、 前轴承端盖、 后轴承定位件、 空心转动轴、 转子 转盘、 转子、 外定子、 内定子、 内定子支架、 电机前端盖、 电机外壳及机 架； 所述固定轴与机架连接， 前轴承和后轴承安装在固定轴上， 轴套套装 在固定轴上且位于前、 后两轴承的内环间， 后轴承定位件设置在后轴承外 侧， 空心转动轴套装在固定轴的前、 后轴承上， 前轴承端盖与空心转动轴 连接； 所述轮毂与空心转动轴、转子转盘连接， 转子转盘连接转子的前端， 转子设置在内定子和外定子之间， 内定子安装在内定子支架上， 内定子支 架与机架连接， 外定子安装在电机外壳内， 电机外壳两端分别与电机前端 盖及机架相连。 进一步地， 在内定子支架与机架之间还设置有转子后支架、 转子后轴 承、 转子后轴承支架及后法兰； 所述转子的后端连接转子后支架， 转子后 支架安装在转子后轴承上， 转子后轴承安装在转子后轴承支架上， 转子后 轴承支架一端与内定子支架相连， 另一端与后法兰、 机架连接且所述电机 外壳与机架之间也经过所述的后法兰连接。
进一步地， 所述前轴承和后轴承均为调心轴承。 进一步地， 所述固定轴为空心固定轴。 进一步地， 在机架外侧还安装有玻璃钢结构的机舱罩。
进一步地， 所述后轴承定位件为轴螺母或后轴承端盖。
进一步地， 所述转子后轴承为深沟球轴承。
本发明在直驱风力发电机中采用了双定子结构， 同时在传动链中釆用 了固定轴支撑的技术方案。 因此， 本发明除了具有双定子直驱风力发电机 的功率密度大， 尺寸小、 重量轻的特点外， 还具有以下优点：
1、 本发明在传动中采用了固定轴支撑的结构方式， 这样可以不必使 用价格昂贵的双列圆锥滚子轴承（鹦鹉螺轴承） ， 而可采用风电机组中常 用的调心轴承。 这两种传动链设计的轴承总成本的比较结果是： 鹦鹉螺轴 承方案约为调心轴承方案的两倍。 因此， 本发明方案的轴承成本有较大幅 度的节省。
2、 采用了固定轴来承受和传递叶轮的载荷就可不必使用需承受轮毂 载荷的尺寸大、 重量重的机舱壳体， 取而代之的机舱罩可采用轻型玻璃钢 结构， 从而又大幅减小了整机重量。
3、 本发明的结构方案未采用重型锻造主轴， 而是采用了空心固定轴 来承受和传递轮毂的载荷， 这样的结构大幅减小了主轴的重量和成本。
4、 本发明在发电机转子后端加设了一个常规深沟球轴承。 该轴承可 以保证发电机在任何运行状态下转子与定子的同心。 本发明可以大幅减轻 直驱风力发电机的重量和成本， 可广泛应用于直驱型风力发电系统中。 的结构方式， 可以不必采用价格昂贵的双列圆锥滚子轴承， 同时将风轮载 荷经过直径相对小很多的空心固定轴直接传至机架上， 这样可以大幅减轻 整机的重量。 采用此种设计是一种大幅降低永磁直驱风力发电机成本的有 效途径。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的整体结构主要部件装配示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的进行详细的描述。
如图 1所示， 图中一些短小的中心线表示各种规格的螺栓和螺母。 本 发明的其它主要零部件中包括： 轮毂 1、 前轴承端盖 2、 空心转动轴 3、 电 机前端盖 4、 转子转盘 5、 电机外壳 6、 外定子 7、 转子 8、 内定子 9、 转 子后支架 1 0、 内定子支架 1 1、 后法兰 12、 转子后轴承支架 1 3、 机架 14、 前轴承 1 5、 轴套 16、 固定轴 17、 后轴承 18、 后轴承定位件（轴螺母） 19、 转子后轴承 20。 其中， 固定轴 1 7与机架 14紧固连接在一起， 前轴承 15和后轴承 18 安装在固定轴 17上， 轴套 16套装在固定轴 17上且位于前、后两轴承 15、
18的内环间， 后轴承定位件（轴螺母） 19设置在后轴承 18外侧， 空心转 动轴 3套装在固定轴 1 7的前、 后轴承 15、 18上， 前轴承端盖 2经螺栓紧 固在空心转动轴 3上。 轮毂 1经由止口法兰和螺栓与转子转盘 5和空心转动轴 3紧固在一起， 转子转盘 5紧固连接在转子 8的前端， 转子转盘 5用于传递轮毂的扭矩， 转子 8设置在内定子 9和外定子 7之间， 内定子 9安装在内定子支架 1 1 上， 外定子 7安装在电机外壳 6内， 电机外壳 6的前端与电机前端盖 4相 连。 转子 8的后端紧固连接转子后支架 1 0 , 转子后支架 1 0用于保证转子 8后端与定子同心， 转子后支架 1 0安装在转子后轴承 20上， 转子后轴承 20安装在转子后轴承支架 1 3上， 后轴承支架 1 3—端与内定子支架 1 1相 连， 另一端与后法兰 12、 机架 14固定连接在一起。 后法兰 12与电机外壳 6的后端、 机架 14固定在一起。
上述实施例中的前轴承 15、 后轴承 18均可以采用调心轴承； 固定轴 17可采用空心固定轴； 转子后轴承 20可选用常规深沟球轴承； 其中后轴 承定位件 19也可用后轴承端盖替换； 在机架 14外侧还可以安装有玻璃钢 结构的机舱罩 （图中未示出） 。
最后应说明的是： 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于 限制本发明， 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 对于本领 域的技术人员来说， 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修 改， 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之 内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围 之内。

Claims

1、 一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征在于， 包 括轮毂、 固定轴、 前轴承、 轴套、 后轴承、 前轴承端盖、 后轴承定位件、 空心转动轴、 转子转盘、 转子、 外定子、 内定子、 内定子支架、 电机前端 盖、 电机外壳及机架；
所述固定轴与机架连接， 前轴承和后轴承安装在固定轴上， 轴套套装 在固定轴上且位于前、 后两轴承的内环间， 后轴承定位件设置在后轴承外 侧， 空心转动轴套装在固定轴的前、 后轴承上， 前轴承端盖与空心转动轴 连接；
所述轮毂与空心转动轴、 转子转盘连接， 转子转盘连接转子的前端， 转子设置在内定子和外定子之间， 内定子安装在内定子支架上， 内定子支 架与机架连接， 外定子安装在电机外壳内， 电机外壳两端分别与电机前端 盖及机架相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征在于， 在内定子支架与机架之间还设置有转子后支架、 转子后轴承、 转子后轴承 支架及后法兰； 所述转子的后端连接转子后支架， 转子后支架安装在转子后轴承上， 转子后轴承安装在转子后轴承支架上， 转子后轴承支架一端与内定子支架 相连， 另一端与后法兰、 机架连接且所述电机外壳与机架之间也经过所述 的后法兰连接。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征 在于， 所述前轴承和后轴承均为调心轴承。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征 在于， 所述固定轴为空心固定轴。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的汉定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征 在于， 在机架外侧还安装有玻璃钢结构的机舱罩。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征 在于， 所述后轴承定位件为轴螺母或后轴承端盖。
7、 根据权利要求 2所述的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机， 其特征在于, 所述转子后轴承为深沟球轴承。
PCT/CN2011/001080 2011-05-20 2011-06-30 一种固定轴支撑的双定子永磁直驱风力发电机 WO2012159227A1 (zh)

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