WO2012155369A1 - 一种大地震临震监测的方法 - Google Patents

一种大地震临震监测的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012155369A1
WO2012155369A1 PCT/CN2011/075110 CN2011075110W WO2012155369A1 WO 2012155369 A1 WO2012155369 A1 WO 2012155369A1 CN 2011075110 W CN2011075110 W CN 2011075110W WO 2012155369 A1 WO2012155369 A1 WO 2012155369A1
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monitoring
unit
earthquake
ground
sensing
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王新安
冯晓星
雍珊珊
葛彬杰
王金泊
黄如
张兴
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Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
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Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01Measuring or predicting earthquakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of seismic monitoring instrumentation and sensor and circuit design, and particularly relates to a low-cost, densely-distributed monitoring point, thereby covering a large earthquake area near-large area seismic monitoring method.
  • the so-called earthquake is the surface vibration of the earth's crust caused by geological activities inside the earth. When this vibration reaches a certain level, it will have a different degree of damage to the surface of the earth's crust.
  • Li Siguang believes that: the accumulation of force in the ground exceeds the elastic limit of the rock, and then the book breaks to produce vibration. Measuring the change of this force can predict the earthquake; after the seismic geological survey, the observation network is arranged to measure the change of the underground force, thereby predicting the earthquake. The time, place and magnitude of the occurrence. This is the way of thinking and technology of Mr. Li Siguang.
  • the imminent earthquake monitoring refers to the monitoring of the destructive earthquake that may occur within a few hours of a certain place in a certain area, which is called the earthquake monitoring.
  • Imminent earthquake monitoring is a precursor to monitoring earthquakes. Common precursor phenomena such as ground sounds, ground stress changes or ground uplift, gravity field changes, magnetic field changes, electric field changes, subsurface resistivity changes, groundwater level changes, subsurface fluid flows, groundwater chemical composition changes, atmospheric chemical composition changes, and Other variations in parameters that may be sensitive to changes in stress, cracks in the rock, or changes in the friction characteristics of the rock.
  • Imminent earthquake monitoring is based on the observation of these precursor phenomena to monitor the earthquake, but there is no precursor phenomenon that can be applied to any earthquake.
  • the precursor phenomenon is not universal.
  • the central area of a major earthquake (less than 10 km radius, or even less than 5 km radius) must have certain precursor information, whether it is geoacoustic, in-situ stress, geomagnetism, ground light, etc., and the changes in geoacoustic and in-situ stress are more Clear precursor information.
  • the surface structure of the earth can be considered as a filter, and different surface geological structures exhibit different filtering characteristics, which leads to different manifestations and degrees of precursor information of large earthquakes.
  • the method of the invention is to solve the practical problem of low-cost, high-density deployment of large-scale earthquake monitoring points.
  • the theoretical basis or scientific hypothesis of the present invention is: The central region of a large earthquake (less than 10 km radius, even less than 5 km radius) must have certain precursor information, whether it is geoacoustic, in-situ stress, geomagnetism, ground light, etc. Sound and ground stress changes are more explicit precursor information.
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the problem of intensive construction of monitoring points that are difficult to realize in the existing earthquake seismic monitoring technology, and to provide a seismic earthquake monitoring method, which has low-cost and densely arranged monitoring points, and is particularly suitable for urban seismic monitoring. , Real-time monitoring of abnormal conditions of ground and ground stress changes in large areas, so as to conduct earthquake monitoring and forecasting.
  • Each monitoring point is a monitoring unit, and a regional monitoring unit forms a monitoring center.
  • a monitoring center is responsible for receiving data from multiple monitoring units in a region and performing analysis and processing. Multiple monitoring center junctions can cover larger areas.
  • the invention has the characteristics of low cost, easy installation and flexible networking, and is suitable for dense layout of large earthquakes.
  • the present invention provides a monitoring unit and a monitoring center structure.
  • the monitoring unit is characterized in that: the monitoring unit is composed of a sensing unit and a processing unit, and the sensing unit is capable of sensing at least a change in ground acoustic and ground stress. For example, using a piezoelectric sensing unit, the ground sound of 0. 001 Hz to 10 kHz can be obtained, and the amount of change in the ground stress of 0. OlkPa to 1000 kPa can be obtained; after the processing unit preprocesses the sensing signal or data of the received sensing unit, Send to the monitoring center by wire or wirelessly.
  • the monitoring center is characterized by: wireless and wired connection.
  • the monitoring unit of a region provides real-time reflections of ground and ground stresses in the covered area, comprehensive analysis, elimination of local disturbances, and seismic monitoring and prediction of earthquakes. Multiple monitoring centers are connected to cover larger areas.
  • the monitoring unit is installed by means of a building foundation pile.
  • the sensing unit can be directly installed at the bottom of the pile or can be installed on the top of the pile.
  • the ground and ground stress changes are transmitted through the steel bars in the pile.
  • the treatment unit is installed at the base. Pile top.
  • the invention has the characteristics of low cost, easy installation and flexible networking, and is suitable for dense layout of large earthquakes.
  • the monitoring unit is installed in the form of a building foundation pile, covering an area of about 1 square meter and not occupying cultivated land.
  • the base can be built directly next to or inside the building.
  • real-time monitoring of changes in geoacoustic and in-situ stress can be achieved at low cost, and can be densely arranged in urban areas, so as to grasp the real-time changes of the ground and ground stresses in the entire monitoring area.
  • the system structure centered on the earthquake monitoring center is shown in Figure 1.
  • the monitoring unit including the ground acoustic and ground stress sensing unit transmits the data of the local monitoring point to the monitoring center, and the monitoring center analyzes and processes the data.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the monitoring unit installed with the building foundation pile. In order to reduce the ground interference, it is recommended to strike the foundation pile about 1 meter away from the ground, and then perform isolation treatment such as electroacoustic and vibration. This isolation treatment can be carried out until the ground is raised. 1 meter.
  • Figure 3 shows the connection of two monitoring units to a monitoring center.
  • Figure 4 shows the interconnection of multiple monitoring units and multiple monitoring centers.
  • SP and SC, SC and SC can be wireless or wired.
  • FIG. 5 is a specific application analysis of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • One SP is laid every 1 km in a city, and every 100 SPs wirelessly distribute data to at least one SC through a GPRS or 3G module, and the urban internal SC passes 3G.
  • Wireless modules and wired interconnects enable each SC to obtain data from all areas of SP monitoring to monitor earthquake precursors in real time.
  • Figure 6 is an embodiment of an SP comprising a pressure sensor and a copolymer vibration sensing unit (represented by SA and SS, respectively) and a processing unit.
  • the sensing unit group can obtain the ground sound of 0. 001 Hz to 10 kHz and the change amount of the ground stress of 0. l lkPa to 1000 kPa;
  • the processing unit includes a module for preprocessing the signal of the sensing unit, etc., a GPRS or 3G module, a power management module provides power management, and the pre-processed data is sent to the monitoring center via GPRS or 3G wireless.
  • the data sent by the SP includes at least:
  • the identity of the SP (each SP has a unique identifier);
  • Geographical location information (coordinates); Monitor time accuracy (can be accurate to milliseconds);
  • the time accuracy, time interval for monitoring or sending data, etc. can be set.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Description

一种大地震临震监测的方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及地震监测仪器仪表和传感器与电路设计领域, 具体涉及一 种低成本、 可以密集布设监测点, 从而覆盖任意大面积区域的大地震临震 监测的方法。
【背景技术】
所谓地震就是地球局部地区内部地质活动造成的地壳表面震动。 当这 种震动达到一定程度时就会对地壳表面够成程度不同的危害。李四光认为: 地下的力积累超过了岩石的弹性极限,然后书破裂产生震动,测量这个力的变 化过程就可以预报地震; 在地震地质调查之后就布置观测网, 测量地下力 的变化, 从而预测地震发生的时间、 地点和震级。 这就是李四光先生的思 路和技术途径。
临震监测指的是对某地几天几小时以内,在较小范围内可能发生的破 坏性地震做出的监测叫临震监测。
临震监测就是监测地震的前兆现象。 而通常的前兆现象如地声、 地应 力变化或地面隆升、 重力场变化、磁场变化、 电场变化、 地下电阻率变化、 地下水位变化、 地下流体流动、 地下水化学成分变化、 大气化学成分变化 以及其他一些可能对应力、 对岩石中的裂紋或岩石的摩擦特性的变化敏感 的参数的变化。
临震监测是基于对这些前兆现象的观测而监测地震, 但是目前还没有 哪一种前兆现象可以适用于任何地震, 前兆现象不具有普遍性。
在多种地震前兆中,地应力变化异常已经在中国得到一定程度的证实。 同时业界有人也认为, 震前地声是最重要的临震前兆, 是大自然向人类面 临重大灾难前发出的最后警示 但目前地震监测中还没有使用地声的监测 仪器。
因此, 导致地震临震监测成为当今世界难题。
我们认为:大地震的中心区(小于 10公里半径,甚至小于 5公里半径) 一定有确定的前兆信息, 无论是地声、 地应力、 地磁、 地光等, 而地声和 地应力变化是更明确的前兆信息。 我们认为: 地球表层结构可以认为是一个滤波器, 不同的表层地质结 构表现不同的滤波特性, 从而导致大地震的前兆信息的表现形式和程度不 同。
因此, 解决地震临震监测的科学难题需要寄希望于密集布设的地震监 测点。
本发明的方法就是解决低成本、 高密度布设大地震临震监测点的实际 问题。
【发明内容】
本发明的理论基础或科学假设就是: 大地震的中心区 (小于 10 公里 半径, 甚至小于 5公里半径) 一定有确定的前兆信息, 无论是地声、 地应 力、 地磁、 地光等, 而地声和地应力变化是更明确的前兆信息。
本发明的主要目的就是解决现有地震临震监测技术中难以实现的监 测点的密集建设的问题,提供一种地震临震监测方法,具有低成本、可以密 集布局监测点, 尤其适合城市地震监测, 实时监测大面积区域的地声和地 应力变化的异常情况, 从而进行地震临震监测和预报。
每个监测点是一个监测单元, 一个区域的监测单元组成一个监测中 心。 一个监测中心负责接收一个区域的多个监测单元发来的数据, 并进行 分析处理。 多个监测中心联结可以覆盖更大的区域。 本发明具有成本低、 安装易和组网灵活的特点, 适合大地震临震监测的密集布设。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种监测单元和监测中心结构, 监测单 元的特征在于: 所述监测单元由一个传感单元和处理单元构成, 传感单元 至少能够感知地声和地应力变化, 比如采用压电传感单元, 能够获得 0. 001Hz到 10kHz的地声,能够获得 0. OlkPa到 lOOOkPa地应力的变化量; 处理单元对接收的传感单元的感知信号或数据进行预处理之后, 通过有线 或无线方式发送到监测中心。 监测中心的特征在于: 通过无线和有线连接 一个区域的监测单元实时提供的反映所覆盖区域的地声和地应力变化, 综 合分析, 排除局部干扰, 进行地震的临震监测和预报。多个监测中心联结, 能够覆盖更大的区域。 监测单元采用建筑物基桩的方式安装, 传感单元可 以直接安装在基桩底部也可以安装在基桩顶部通过基桩中的钢筋传导该 点的地声和地应力变化, 处理单元安装在基桩顶部。 本发明具有成本低、 安装易和组网灵活的特点, 适合大地震临震监测的密集布设。
本发明的有益效果是:
监测单元采用建筑物基桩的方式安装,占地约 1平方米且不占用耕地, 基装可以直接建在建筑物旁边或内部。 从而实现低成本实时监测地声和地 应力变化, 能够在城镇区域密集布局, 从而掌握整个监测区域地声和地应 力的实时变化。 解决长期以来没有实现的低成本、 高密集度、 大面积覆盖 的地震监测点的建立问题, 为地震前兆分析和地震临震预报建立详细、 精 确、 可信的监测数据基础。
【具体实施方式和附图说明】
本申请的特征及优点将通过实施例, 结合附图进行说明。
以地震临震监测中心为核心的系统结构如图 1所示, 包含地声和地应 力传感单元的监测单元将本地监测点的数据传送到监测中心, 监测中心对 数据进行分析和处理。
为表述方便, 我们将采用建筑基桩安装方式的监测单元称为 SP , 将监 测中心称为 SC。通过一系列 SP和 SC的互联可实现包括城市在内大区域的 地震临震监测和预报, 该种结构包括至少一个 SP和至少一个 SC, SP与 SC 中的至少一个互联。 图 2表示采用建筑基桩安装的监测单元示意图, 为了 减少地面的干扰, 建议将基桩打到离地面约 1米处, 然后进行电声和震动 等隔离处理, 此隔离处理可以直到高出地面 1米处。 图 3表示两个监测单 元和一个监测中心相连。 图 4 表示多个监测单元和多个监测中心的互联。
SP和 SC, SC和 SC的互联均可以采用无线或有线方式。
图 5是本发明一种实施例的特定应用分析, 在城市中每隔 1公里的地 点布局 1个 SP , 每 100个 SP通过 GPRS或 3G模块无线发布数据到至少一 个 SC , 城市内部 SC通过 3G无线模块和有线互联, 使每个 SC能够获得全 部区域 SP监测的数据, 从而实时监测地震前兆。
图 6是一种 SP的实施例, SP中包括一个压力传感器和一个共聚物振 动传感单元 (分别用 SA和 SS表示)、 一个处理单元。 这种传感单元组能 够获得 0. 001Hz到 10kHz的地声和 0. O lkPa到 1000kPa地应力的变化量; 处理单元包括一个对传感单元的信号进行数字化等预处理的模块, 一个 GPRS或 3G模块, 一个电源管理模块提供电源管理, 预处理后的数据通过 GPRS或 3G无线方式发送到监测中心。
SP发送的数据至少包括:
SP的标识 (每个 SP具有唯一标识);
地理位置信息 (坐标); 监测时间精度 (可以精确到毫秒);
监测或发送数据的时间间隔;
本时间间隔内的地声、 大地微动;
本时间间隔内的地应力的变化;
监测时间精度、 监测或发送数据的时间间隔, 等等, 均可以设置。
以上内容是结合一种实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明, 不能 认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术领域的普 通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若干简单推 演或替换, 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种大地震临震监测的监测单元和监测中心的系统组成结构, 其特征在于: 包括至少一个监测单元和至少一个监测中心, 所述每个监测 单元包含至少一个地应力和地声传感单元, 一个处理单元, 并与至少一个 监测中心联结。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的特定监测单元结构,其特征在于:所述传感 单元至少能够获得 0. 001 Hz 到 10k Hz 的地声, 能够获得 0. OlkPa 到 lOOOkPa地应力的变化。 处理单元对传感单元的数据进行预处理之后, 通 过有线或无线方式发送到监测中心。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的特定监测单元结构的安装方式, 其特征在 于: 所述的监测单元通过建筑物基桩的方式安装, 传感单元可以直接安装 在基桩底部也可以安装在基桩顶部通过基桩中的钢筋传导该点的地声和 地应力变化, 处理单元安装在基桩顶部。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的监测中心结构,其特征在于:通过连接该监 测中心的一批监测单元提供的反映所覆盖区域的地声和地应力变化, 综合 分析, 排除局部干扰, 进行地震的分析和预报。
5. 如权利要求 2和 3所述的监测单元结构及其安装方式,其特征在 于: 所述的监测单元相比当前使用的其他监测技术具有极低的成本, 占地 面地约 1平方米且不占用耕地, 能够密集布局监测点 (如小于 5公里半径 布局一个监测点)。
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PCT/CN2011/075110 2011-05-19 2011-07-01 一种大地震临震监测的方法 Ceased WO2012155369A1 (zh)

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TWI676967B (zh) * 2018-06-19 2019-11-11 三聯科技股份有限公司 地震即時警示方法
CN111694050A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-09-22 平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司 一种煤矿井下微震监测系统的布设方法

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CN201673262U (zh) * 2010-05-10 2010-12-15 梁庆九 一种地震、地质灾害短临前应急实时在线监测系统
CN102156294A (zh) * 2011-03-31 2011-08-17 北京大学深圳研究生院 一种利用高层建筑监测地震的方法

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JP2009162661A (ja) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-23 Jfe Systems Inc 地震情報集配信システム
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI676967B (zh) * 2018-06-19 2019-11-11 三聯科技股份有限公司 地震即時警示方法
CN111694050A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-09-22 平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司 一种煤矿井下微震监测系统的布设方法
CN111694050B (zh) * 2020-07-27 2023-05-30 平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司 一种煤矿井下微震监测系统的布设方法

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