WO2012151625A1 - Improvements in integrated drying gasification - Google Patents
Improvements in integrated drying gasification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012151625A1 WO2012151625A1 PCT/AU2012/000497 AU2012000497W WO2012151625A1 WO 2012151625 A1 WO2012151625 A1 WO 2012151625A1 AU 2012000497 W AU2012000497 W AU 2012000497W WO 2012151625 A1 WO2012151625 A1 WO 2012151625A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gasifier
- carbonaceous fuel
- recycled
- syngas
- feed
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/503—Fuel charging devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
- C10J2300/1815—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
- C10J2300/1823—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
- C10K1/121—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing NH3 only (possibly in combination with NH4 salts)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in integrated drying gasification.
- some embodiments of the present invention relate to improved integrated drying using oxygen or air blown gasification of high moisture content carbonaceous fuels, such as coals or lignite.
- Some embodiments of the present invention relate to improved gasification systems comprising fluid bed gasifiers or other types of gasification plant.
- the gasification of carbonaceous fuels can be used to produce a range of saleable products, such as diesel, naphtha, hydrogen and/or urea, to name but a few.
- oxygen blown gasification can be preferred to air blown gasification to achieve the desired syngas (synthetic/synthesis gas) quality, to reduce the size of the equipment and to increase the performance of the downstream processing equipment.
- Integrated Drying Gasification In Integrated Drying Gasification (IDG), hot gases exiting the fluid bed gasification vessel (gasifier) at between about 750°C and 1 ,050°C are supplied to an entrained flow dryer along with partially dried coal.
- the dryer cools the gas down to about 200°C to 280°C by drying the coal.
- the moisture content of the dried coal feed to the gasifier needs to be as low as possible, preferably within the range of about 5- 10%.
- Achieving the level of drying required for a given moisture content coal supplied to the dryer requires a set thermal energy in the gasifier off-gases.
- the thermal energy in the off-gases is set by the gas flow rate, the gas composition and the gas temperature.
- oxygen blown gasification alters the gas composition and reduces the flow rate of the gasifier off-gases by about half compared with air blown gasification, therefore also reducing the capacity of the integrated dryer by about half.
- oxygen blown gasification whilst addressing the drawback of reduced drying capacity.
- a lock hopper system or train is used.
- Each lock hopper train consists of an atmospheric pressure hopper, a second lock hopper which cycles between atmospheric and process pressure and a third hopper which is always at process pressure. Due to size limitations on the pressure vessels, to achieve the required coal feed rate for commercial scale plant, multiple lock hopper trains are required.
- Known designs of the entrained flow dryer incorporate a single lock hopper train for each dryer. Therefore, the requirement for multiple lock hopper trains leads to the requirement for multiple dryers, thus adding to the complexity and cost of the process. There is a desire to minimise or avoid such added complexity and cost.
- IDG processes Another problem with IDG processes is that any disruption of the feed of carbonaceous fuel, such as coal, to the entrained flow dryer can negatively affect gas production in the gasifier and/or the control of key process parameters, such as fluid bed temperature. These issues can disrupt downstream processes, such as the production of saleable products or power generation. There is a desire to minimise or avoid such disruptions.
- aspects of the present invention relate to improved integrated drying gasification systems and methods in which at least a portion of one or more gases in the system, such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide, are input to a gasifier of the system to generate ah increased gas mass flow rate from the gasifier.
- gases in the system such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide
- the increased gas mass flow exiting the gasifier allows higher moisture content carbonaceous fuels to be supplied to the integrated dryer, thus reducing the external drying required and increasing the overall performance of the system.
- the present invention resides in an integrated drying gasification system comprising:
- a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas
- an entrained flow dryer which receives the hot product gas to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification
- At least one inlet to the gasifier to communicate one or more additional gases from the system to the gasifier to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier.
- the additional gas is recycled syngas.
- the additional gas can be steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide.
- the syngas is recycled downstream of one or more filters of the system such that the syngas is free, or substantially free, of particulates.
- the syngas is recycled downstream of one or more syngas coolers of the system to reduce the temperature of the recycled syngas.
- the syngas is recycled downstream of an ammonia scrubber of the system.
- the syngas is recycled downstream of one or more of the following of the system: a main filter; a water gas shift vessel; an acid gas removal system; a membrane separation system; a pressure swing adsorption system; or other syngas processing equipment.
- the system comprises a compressor to increase the pressure of the one or more recycled gases prior to communicating the recycled gases to the gasifier.
- the one or more additional gases can be supplied to a fluid bed and/or a freeboard region of the fluid bed gasifier.
- the one or more additional gases can be supplied to the gasifier via a plurality of nozzles at a variety of levels of the gasifier.
- recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide is supplied to the gasifier via respective separate nozzles, which are also separate from nozzles that supply oxygen to the gasifier.
- steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide is mixed with oxygen prior to supply to the gasifier.
- the present invention resides in a method of improving the performance of an integrated drying gasification system, the method including adding one or more gases from the system to a gasifier of the system to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier.
- the additional gas is recycled syngas.
- the additional gas can be steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide.
- the method can include increasing the pressure of the one or more recycled gases prior to communicating the recycled one or more gases to the gasifier.
- aspects of the present invention relate to improved integrated drying gasification systems and methods in which a plurality of lock hopper systems are coupled to a single entrained flow dryer of the gasification system.
- the present invention resides in an improved integrated drying gasification system comprising:
- a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas
- a single entrained flow dryer which receives the hot product gas to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification
- a plurality of lock hopper systems coupled to the single entrained flow dryer to supply pressurized, pre-dried carbonaceous fuel to the single entrained flow dryer.
- the system comprises a respective feed point to the entrained flow dryer for each lock hopper system.
- the respective feed points are provided around a circumference of the entrained flow dryer.
- the respective feed points are provided at the same level, or at different levels, of the entrained flow dryer.
- further aspects of the present invention relate to improved integrated drying gasification systems and methods in which an intermediate storage vessel is provided in a feed leg to a gasifier of the system to maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to an entrained flow dryer of the system.
- the present invention resides in an improved integrated drying gasification system comprising.
- a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas
- a feed leg coupled to the gasifier to supply carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier
- At least one intermediate storage vessel provided in the feed leg to ' maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to an entrained flow dryer of the system.
- the intermediate storage vessel can provide a supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier for a period of between about 10 and about 20 minutes.
- any of the aforementioned gasification systems can comprise a plurality of feed legs coupled to the gasifier for delivering carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier.
- three feed legs are arranged around the circumference of the gasifier at regular intervals, such as at intervals of 90 degrees.
- the feed legs can be arranged at other angles around part of the circumference of the gasifier.
- the feed legs can be coupled to the gasifier at the same level, or at different levels.
- FIG 1 is a schematic representation of an integrated drying gasification system according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of a nozzle arrangement for the injection of one or more recycled gases arid oxygen into the gasifier shown in FIG 1;
- FIGS 3 and 4 are schematic representations of alternative nozzle arrangements
- FIG 5 is a schematic representation of an integrated drying gasification system according to further embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG 6 is a perspective view of a multiple hopper arrangement for an entrained dryer of integrated drying gasification system according to embodiments of the present invention.
- Some embodiments of the present invention are directed to improved integrated drying gasification systems and methods in which at least a portion of one or more gases in the system, such as syngas, steam and/or carbon dioxide, are input to a gasifier of the system to generate an increased gas mass flow rate from the gasifier, which increases the drying capacity of the hot product gases from the gasifier.
- gases in the system such as syngas, steam and/or carbon dioxide
- an integrated drying gasification system 10 comprises a gasifier 2 for gasifying carbonaceous fuel, such as, but not limited to, coals, lignite, peat, wood waste, biomass, bagasse, sewage etc., to produce hot product gas 14.
- the hot product gas 14 passes through a cyclone 16 to remove particulates from the hot product gas.
- the extracted particulates are fed back into the gasifier 2 via conduit 18.
- the hot product gas 14 from which the particulates have been extracted is supplied to an entrained flow dryer 20.
- the dryer 20 receives the hot product gas to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification.
- the carbonaceous fuel is supplied from a hopper 22 to a steam line 24 of a pre-dryer where it is typically mixed with superheated steam around 300 to 450°C.
- the steam line 24 communicates the carbonaceous fuel and steam mixture to a cyclone 26 which separates the steam from the carbonaceous fuel.
- the pre-dried carbonaceous fuel is then fed from the cyclone 26 to one or more lock hopper systems 28 to be pressurized for delivery to the entrained flow dryer 20.
- the lock hopper system 28 will be described in more detail below in relation to other embodiments and aspects of the invention.
- feed leg 32 comprises one or more intermediate storage vessels 33 between the cyclone 30 and the gasifier 12 according to another aspect of the invention, which will be described in further detail below.
- the cooled product gas from the cyclone 30 is communicated to a filter 34 which removes particulates from the cooled gas to produce cleaned gas, typically referred to as syngas (synthetic/synthesis gas) 36.
- syngas synthetic/synthesis gas
- the syngas 36 is then used to produce a range of saleable products, such as diesel, naphtha, hydrogen and/or urea, to name but a few, and/or the syngas 36 is used for power generation.
- system 10 comprises at least one inlet 38 to the gasifier 12 to communicate one or more additional gases from the system to the gasifier 12 to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier 12.
- the increased gas mass flow exiting the gasifier 12 allows higher moisture content carbonaceous fuels to be supplied to the integrated dryer 20, thus reducing the external drying required and increasing the overall performance of the integrated drying gasification system 10. Also, fuel with higher moisture content that previously could not have been used with prior art gasification systems can now be used with embodiments of the present invention.
- one of the additional gases is recycled syngas, which can be sourced from a number of locations.
- the syngas is sourced downstream of one or more filters of the system 10, such as downstream of filter 34 comprising candle filters such that the syngas is free, or substantially free, of particulates.
- the syngas can be recycled immediately downstream of the main filter 34. However, at this point the syngas will be the hottest and will have a high moisture content. Therefore, in some embodiments, the syngas is recycled downstream of one or more syngas coolers (not shown) of the system 10 to reduce the temperature and moisture content of the recycled syngas.
- the syngas is recycled downstream of an ammonia scrubber (not shown) of the system 10 to reduce the ammonia and moisture content of the recycled syngas. Recycling of the syngas downstream of the coolers or the ammonia scrubber may or may not include the removal of water. In other embodiments, the syngas is recycled downstream of a water gas shift vessel of the system. Alternatively, the syngas is recycled downstream of an acid gas removal system, a membrane separation system, a pressure swing adsorption system or other syngas processing equipment of the system.
- the system comprises one or more compressors 40 to increase the pressure of the one or more recycled gases prior to communicating the recycled gases to the gasifier.
- FIG 1 shows a compressor 40 for the recycled syngas 36.
- the additional gas is steam.
- the use of a steam supply to the gasifier 12 has the benefit of increasing the char reaction rate, as well as optimising the water to carbon monoxide ratio in the product gas supplied to the shift reactor. Steam is also preferred if there is an excess of steam available in the overall process.
- the additional gas added to the gasifier 12 is recycled carbon dioxide. For applications where carbon dioxide is being captured, a portion of the carbon dioxide can be recycled back to the gasifier 12. Carbon dioxide is one of the main gasification agents and can be used to increase char reaction rates.
- the additional gases communicated to the gasifier 12 include syngas and steam or syngas and carbon dioxide or steam and carbon dioxide or syngas, steam and carbon dioxide.
- the supply of the additional gas or gases to the gasifier 12 has the additional benefit of increasing the level of fluidisation and mixing within a fluid bed 42, as well as assisting the control of peak temperatures in the gasifier 12.
- the one or more additional gases can be supplied to the fluid bed 42 and/or to a freeboard region 44 of the gasifier 12.
- FIG 1 only shows the supply of additional gas in the form of recycled syngas to the fluid bed 42 via inlet 38.
- Inlet 46 represents the supply of oxygen to the gasifier 12.
- the additional gas can be supplied to the gasifier 12 by a number of means, depending upon which gas supply is used. Gas is generally supplied to the gasifier 12 off supply ring main(s) to a number of nozzles at different set level(s) or height(s) in the gasifier.
- the one or more additional gases can be supplied to the gasifier 12 via a plurality of nozzles 48 connected to the gasifier 12 at a variety of levels of the gasifier 12 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
- the nozzles 48 supplying recycled syngas 36 into the gasifier 12 need to be kept separate from the oxygen flow to maximise the oxidant reaction with char and reduce peak temperatures in the gasifier 12.
- recycled syngas is supplied to the gasifier 12 via nozzles 48 connected to the syngas supply line, which are separate from nozzles 50 that supply oxygen to the gasifier 12.
- alternate syngas / oxygen supply levels can be provided to minimise the number of ring mains.
- Separate rings 54 comprising respective nozzles 48 are provided for the recycled syngas supply at alternate levels and separate rings 56 comprising respective nozzles 50 are provided for the oxygen supply at alternate levels.
- Steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide can be provided in a similar manner.
- rings 54 comprising respective nozzles 48 for recycled syngas supply and separate rings 56 comprising respective nozzles 50 for oxygen supply are provided at each level.
- rings 54 and 56 and their respective nozzles 48 and 50 at each level are vertically spaced apart by a relatively small distance compared with the vertical separation between adjacent levels.
- ring 54 for supplying the recycled gas and ring 56 for supplying oxygen are vertically spaced apart by a relatively small distance.
- ring 54 includes downwardly depending tubes or conduits 58 from which nozzles 48 extend for connection with the gasifier 12 such that the recycled gas is injected into the gasifier at the same level as the oxygen.
- Nozzles 48 for injecting the recycled gas and nozzles 50 for injecting the oxygen alternate around the circumference of the gasifier 12 at each level.
- steam and carbon dioxide are not combustible with oxygen. Therefore, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide can be pre-mixed with oxygen upstream of the ring main prior to supply to the gasifier 12. In some embodiments, steam and/or carbon dioxide can be supplied as an annulus to prevent hot spots near the nozzles and the wall of the gasifier 12.
- a method of improving the performance of an integrated drying gasification system 10 includes adding one or more gases, such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide, from the system 10 and communicating the one or more additional gases to the gasifier 12 to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier 12.
- the method can include increasing the pressure of the one or more additional gases prior to communicating the additional gases to the gasifier.
- the number of integrated dryers can be reduced to just one through the development of multiple feed systems into one entrained flow dryer.
- an improved integrated drying gasification system 100 comprising a similar arrangement to that described above in relation to FIG 1.
- the system 100 comprises a gasifier 12 for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas 14.
- System 100 also comprises a single entrained flow dryer 20 which receives the hot product gas 14 to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification.
- system 100 comprises a plurality of lock hopper systems 28 coupled to the single entrained flow dryer 20 to supply pressurized, pre-dried carbonaceous fuel to the single entrained flow dryer.
- system 100 comprises three lock hopper systems 28A, 28B and 28C.
- the system comprises a respective feed point 102A, 102B, 102C to the entrained flow dryer 20 for each lock hopper system 28A, 28B, 28C.
- the respective feed points 102A, 102B, 102C are provided around a circumference of the entrained flow dryer 20, for example at intervals of 90 degrees.
- respective feed points 102A, 102B, 102C are provided at the same level.
- FIG 6 only shows the third hopper of each lock hopper system 28A, 28B, 28C. It is envisaged that in some embodiments, two, three or four lock hopper systems 28 can be coupled to a single entrained flow dryer 20. However, in other embodiments, more than four lock hopper systems 28 can be coupled to a single entrained flow dryer 20, for example, by coupling the lock hopper systems to the single entrained flow dryer 20 at different levels.
- the cooled syngas and dried carbonaceous fuel pass through a number of cyclones (in series and in parallel).
- the separated dried carbonaceous fuel is then supplied to the feed leg 32 to distribute the carbonaceous fuel into the gasifier 12, as described above.
- At least one intermediate storage vessel 33 is provided in the feed leg 32 to maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12.
- the intermediate storage vessel 33 can supply dried carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12 for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to the entrained flow dryer 20 of the system.
- the intermediate storage vessel 33 can provide a supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12 for a period of between about 10 and about 20 minutes.
- other temporary supply periods are envisaged, which will depend on factors such as the capacity of the intermediate storage vessel 33 and the feed rate to the gasifier 12.
- multiple intermediate storage vessels 33 are provided in the feed leg 32 to increase the time for which a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel can be supplied to the gasifier 12 in the event of a disruption to the supply to the entrained flow dryer 20.
- an improved integrated drying gasification system 100 comprising the gasifier 12 for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas 14.
- the system 100 also comprises the feed leg 32 coupled to the gasifier 12 to supply dried carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12.
- the system 100 further comprises at least one intermediate storage vessel 33 in the feed leg 32 to maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12 for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to the entrained flow dryer 20 of the system.
- the intermediate storage vessel 33 can be used for oxygen blown or air blown gasification applications.
- the intermediate storage vessel 33 can be used for systems comprising single or multiple entrained dryers 20.
- an improved gasification system includes a gasifier comprising a plurality of feed legs for delivering carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier.
- the gasifier is a fluid bed gasifier and the multiple feed legs provide carbonaceous fuel to a fluid bed of the gasification vessel.
- the feature of multiple feed legs to the gasifier is preferably used in conjunction with the one or more intermediate storage vessels 33 described above.
- the gasifier comprises three feed legs arranged around the circumference of the gasifier, or around part of the circumference of the gasifier.
- multiple feed legs are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees around the circumference of the gasifier 12. However, in other embodiments, multiple feed legs can be arranged at other angles.
- the feed legs are coupled to the gasifier at the same level. In other embodiments, the feed legs can be coupled at different levels of the gasifier.
- this aspect of the invention can be considered as the feed leg 32 split into a plurality of feed legs, 32a, 32b, 32c etc., to distribute the carbonaceous fuel into the gasifier 2 at a plurality of points.
- the arrangement can comprise a central feed leg, with the other two feed legs offset 90 degrees either side of the gasifier (i.e. diametrically opposed).
- the use of multiple feed legs has the advantage of spreading the carbonaceous fuel feed more evenly to the gasifier, which ensures an even gasifier bed temperature. Also, in the event that there is a blockage or other problem with one of the feed legs, the one or more other feed legs can maintain a supply of fuel to the gasifier.
- the feed legs 32a, 32b, 32c etc. can either incorporate a screw feeder or a rotary valve with gravity feed to provide flow control.
- the gasifier feed point is at a higher pressure than the outlet of the main dryer cyclones (e.g. cyclone 30) as a result of a pressure drop through the gasifier 12, gasifier cyclones 30, hot gas piping, the main dryer 20 and the main dryer cyclones 16.
- the dried carbonaceous fuel therefore has to feed against this pressure differential.
- the feed legs and the dry carbonaceous fuel intermediate storage vessel 33 are designed to ensure that there is sufficient pressure recovery up the feed leg 32 to ensure stable feeding. This is achieved by ensuring that there is sufficient height (or head) of dried carbonaceous fuel in the feed leg 32 and intermediate storage vessel 33.
- WO 93/23500 discloses integrated carbonaceous fuel drying and gasification processes and apparatus, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This technology is also known as Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle (IDGCC) technology. Embodiments of the present invention described herein are particularly applicable to the processes and apparatus of WO 93/23500 or parts thereof.
- IDGCC Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle
- the enhanced drying capability can also be applied to entrained flow, transport (or other) gasification technologies.
- the gasifier outlet temperature is typically between 1 ,200°C and 1 ,600°C.
- the temperature on entry to the drying shaft needs to be controlled to a temperature in the order of 750°C to 1 ,050°C.
- the mass flow exiting the gasifier can be increased by recycling gas or adding steam directly to the gasifier.
- the temperature of the syngas supplied to the drier shaft can be reduced by mixing recycled gas or steam to the gas flow exiting the gasifier.
- the relative quantity of gas supplied directly to the gasifier or to the gasifier outlet can be controlled depending upon the moisture content of the carbonaceous fuel being supplied and the required gasifier outlet and main dryer inlet / outlet temperatures.
- water can be sprayed directly into the gasifier or at the outlet of the gasifier.
- embodiments of the present invention provide solutions for alleviating the aforementioned problems of the prior art.
- the increased gas mass flow exiting the gasifier achieved by adding one or more gases from the system, such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide, allows higher moisture content carbonaceous fuels to be supplied to the integrated dryer 20, thus reducing the external drying required and increasing the overall performance of the system.
- Providing a plurality of lock hopper systems 28 coupled to the single entrained flow dryer 20 to supply pressurized, pre-dried carbonaceous fuel to the single entrained flow dryer avoids the increased costs and complexity associated with employing multiple entrained flow dryers whilst achieving the desired feed rates of carbonaceous fuel for commercial scale operations.
- Providing one or more intermediate storage vessels 33 in the feed leg 32 enables dried carbonaceous fuels to be supplied to the gasifier 12 for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to the entrained flow dryer 20 of the system. Therefore, disruptions to the feed of carbonaceous fuel to the main dryer 20 will not affect gas production in the gasifier 12, or the control of key parameters, such as fluid bed temperature, thus minimising the effect of any supply disruption on downstream processes.
- Splitting the feed leg 32 into a plurality of feed legs enables carbonaceous fuel to be delivered to a fluid bed of the gasification vessel 12 in a distributed manner to ensure an even gasification temperature.
- the plurality of feed legs also aid in providing sufficient pressure recovery in the feed leg 32 for stable supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier 12.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
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CN201280022765.4A CN103547873B (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | The method of the performance of integrated drying, gasifying system and the integrated drying, gasifying system of improvement |
EP12782353.2A EP2707663A4 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Improvements in integrated drying gasification |
AU2012253220A AU2012253220B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Improvements in integrated drying gasification |
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CA2835142A CA2835142A1 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Improvements in integrated drying gasification |
EA201391650A EA201391650A1 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | IMPROVEMENT OF INTEGRATED DRAINING GASIFICATION |
US14/117,211 US9260301B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Integrated drying gasification |
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AU2011901738A AU2011901738A0 (en) | 2011-05-09 | Improvements in integrated drying gasification | |
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US9260301B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
CN103547873B (en) | 2016-02-03 |
AU2012253220B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
CN103547873A (en) | 2014-01-29 |
US20140151603A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
EA201391650A1 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
CA2835142A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
AU2012253220A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
EP2707663A1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
NZ616232A (en) | 2014-10-31 |
EP2707663A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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