WO2012126306A1 - 一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑 - Google Patents

一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126306A1
WO2012126306A1 PCT/CN2012/071434 CN2012071434W WO2012126306A1 WO 2012126306 A1 WO2012126306 A1 WO 2012126306A1 CN 2012071434 W CN2012071434 W CN 2012071434W WO 2012126306 A1 WO2012126306 A1 WO 2012126306A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
converter station
power
direct current
inverter
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PCT/CN2012/071434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭自勇
赵淑玉
杨洋
崔效毓
闫兴江
陈建
王振
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Rongxin Power Electronic Co Ltd
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Rongxin Power Electronic Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via high-voltage DC [HVDC] links; Arrangements for transfer of electric power between generators and networks via HVDC links
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel lightweight direct current transmission system topology. Background technique
  • the wire used for light-duty direct current transmission is only 2 / 3 ⁇ 1 / 2 of AC transmission;
  • Light-duty DC transmission uses underground cables to make it have no visual impact on the surrounding environment, and there is no magnetic field generated by the cable. It can be seen that the light-duty DC transmission technology itself is extremely environmentally friendly. And in some special occasions, it is necessary to use cable transmission. For example, when a high-voltage transmission line passes through a large city, an underground cable is used; when the transmission line passes through the channel, a submarine cable is used;
  • the loss of DC transmission failure is smaller than that of high-voltage AC transmission.
  • the circuit power can be adjusted quickly and conveniently due to the use of the thyristor device.
  • the short-circuit current is not transmitted to the high-voltage AC system where the short-circuit occurs on the DC transmission line, and the short-circuit current of the AC system on the fault side is not interconnected. Same time.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight direct current transmission system topology, which has the advantages of low cost, flexible matching of DC voltage levels, and small harmonics.
  • the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • a light-duty DC transmission system topology consisting of a rectifier-side converter station, an inverter-side converter station, and a DC transmission cable;
  • the rectifier-side converter station is composed of a phase-shifting transformer and a plurality of power units, and the phase-shifting transformer is When connected to the high-voltage AC system, a low-voltage AC power supply unit is formed on the secondary side;
  • the power unit uses PWM pulse width modulation technology to rectify the alternating current into a stable DC voltage, and finally the DC-side output ends of all the power units are cascaded to form The high-voltage DC voltage output;
  • the inverter-side converter station is composed of a power unit, an LC filter circuit and a transformer, and the DC input side of the power unit is cascaded and connected to the DC power transmission cable, so that each power unit bears equal parts
  • the DC voltage, the power unit uses PWM pulse width modulation technology to invert the DC voltage to output low-voltage AC, and then the AC output of each power
  • the direct current transmission cable is extruded into an insulating layer by three layers of a conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer and an insulating shielding layer, and the intermediate conductor is an aluminum single-core conductor.
  • the power unit cascaded type eliminates the need for IGBT series connection and has higher reliability
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a light-duty direct current transmission system
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a light-duty HVDC transmission system
  • Figure 3 is a power unit topology diagram of the rectifier valve group
  • Figure 4 is a power unit topology diagram of the inverter valve group
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of single-phase PWM modulation of a power unit
  • FIG. 6 shows the PWM modulation principle and output waveform.
  • a light-duty HVDC transmission system topology comprising two converter stations and a DC transmission cable, wherein the rectification-side converter station is composed of a phase shifting transformer and a power unit, and the inverter-side converter station is powered by Unit, LC filter circuit and Transformer composition.
  • the primary side of the phase shifting transformer is connected to the high voltage AC system, and a low voltage AC power supply unit is formed on the secondary side.
  • the power unit uses PWM pulse width modulation technology to rectify the alternating current into a stable DC voltage, and finally cascades the DC side output terminals of all power units to form a high voltage DC voltage output.
  • the DC input side of the power unit is cascaded and connected to the DC transmission cable, so that each power unit bears an equal DC voltage, and the power unit uses PWM pulse width modulation technology to invert the DC voltage output.
  • Low-voltage AC and then the AC output of each power unit is connected to the secondary side of the transformer through the LC filter circuit, and the AC power required by the user is output through different types of transformers.
  • the number of power units of the rectifier-side converter station and the inverter-side converter station is determined by the DC voltage level required by the user. The higher the DC voltage level, the greater the number of power units required.
  • the direct current transmission line is composed of three layers of conductor shielding layer, insulating layer and insulating shielding layer simultaneously extruded into an insulating layer.
  • the intermediate conductor is generally a single conductor of aluminum material, which has the characteristics of high strength, environmental protection and convenient burial, and is suitable for deep sea and other harshness. surroundings. In addition, this can only be used for DC transmission lines with light weight and high transmission power density.
  • the input side of the power unit of the rectifier valve group is an AC input, which is rectified into a DC voltage by a three-phase controlled rectifier circuit composed of IGBTs and outputted at both ends of the DC side capacitor.
  • the DC side capacitor is its DC side energy storage component, which can buffer the inrush current of the bridge arm, reduce the voltage harmonic on the DC side, and provide voltage support for the power unit.
  • the input side of the power unit of the inverter valve group is a DC input, and the inverter circuit composed of IGBTs is inverted into an AC voltage output.
  • the DC side capacitor is its DC side energy storage component, which can buffer the inrush current of the bridge arm, reduce the voltage harmonic on the DC side, and provide voltage support for the power unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Description

一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型轻型直流输电系统拓扑。 背景技术
我国能源资源与用电负荷分布的特殊性， 成为发展远距离、 大容量输电的必然性。 尤其 是超过 600 km以上的远程输电线路， 采用直流输电更加节能、 降耗， 提高经济效益， 实现 更大范围内的能源资源的合理开发、 优化配置， 符合我国"西电东送"的国情。
随着电力电子和计算机技术的迅速发展， 轻型直流输电技术日趋完善， 在输电能力和送 电距离上已可和特高压交流竞争， 并且相对于特高压交流输电技术， 轻型直流输电技术有如 下优点-
1、 输送相同功率时， 轻型直流输电所用线材仅为交流输电的 2 / 3〜1 / 2;
2、 在电缆输电线路中， 轻型直流输电没有电容电流产生， 而高压交流输电线路存在电 容电流， 引起损耗；
3、 轻型直流输电多使用地下电缆， 使其对周围环境没有视觉上的影响， 也没有电缆产 生的磁场， 可见轻型直流输电技术本身是极其环保的。 并且在一些特殊场合， 必须 用电缆输电， 例如高压输电线经过大城市时， 采用地下电缆； 输电线经过海峡时， 要用海底电缆；
4、 直流输电时， 其两侧交流系统不需同步运行， 而高压交流输电必须同步运行；
5、 直流输电发生故障的损失比高压交流输电小。 直流输电中， 由于采用可控硅装置， 电路功率能迅速、 方便地进行调节， 直流输电线路上基本上不向发生短路的高压交 流系统输送短路电流， 故障侧交流系统的短路电流与没有互连时一样。
因此， 轻型直流输电作为一种经济、 灵活、 高质量的输电方式， 能够应用于直流高压输 电工程中， 将取得良好的输电及环保效益。 目前现有技术中， 轻型直流输电还没有得到广泛 应用。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑，具有成本低、直流电压等级匹配灵活、 谐波小等优点。 为实现上述目的， 本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑， 由整流侧换流站、 逆变侧换流站和直流输电电缆组成； 所 述的整流侧换流站由移相变压器及多个功率单元构成， 移相变压器原边接入高压交流系统， 在副边形成低压交流电送入功率单元； 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术将交流电整流成稳 定的直流电压， 最终将所有功率单元的直流侧输出端级联起来， 形成高压直流电压输出； 所述的逆变侧换流站由功率单元、 LC滤波电路和变压器构成， 将功率单元的直流输入 侧级联起来再与直流输电电缆连接， 使每个功率单元承担等分的直流电压， 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术将直流电压逆变输出低压交流电， 再将每个功率单元的交流输出端经过 LC滤波电路接入变压器副边， 通过不同型号的变压器输出用户所需求的交流电。
所述的直流输电电缆由导体屏蔽层、 绝缘层、 绝缘屏蔽层三层挤压成绝缘层， 中间导体 为铝材单芯导体。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的新颖性和创造性体现在：
1 ) 与传统型轻型直流输电系统相比， 采用功率单元级联的型式， 无需 IGBT 串联， 可 靠性更高；
2) 采用功率单元级联方式， 直流电压等级匹配灵活， 可根据用户需求来选择功率单元 的级联个数；
3 ) 两端交流系统无需滤波电路， 谐波小；
在中小型容量输电系统中， 成本相对较低。 附图说明
图 1是轻型直流输电系统结构图；
图 2是轻型直流输电系统拓扑图；
图 3是整流阀组的功率单元拓扑图；
图 4是逆变阀组的功率单元拓扑图；
图 5是功率单元单相 PWM调制示意图；
图 6是 PWM调制原理及输出波形。 具体实施方式
见图 1、 图 2， 一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑， 包括两个换流站和直流输电电缆组成， 其 中整流侧换流站由移相变压器、 功率单元构成， 逆变侧换流站由功率单元、 LC滤波电路和 变压器构成。
整流侧换流站， 移相变压器原边接入高压交流系统， 在副边形成低压交流电送入功率单 元。 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术将交流电整流成稳定的直流电压， 最终将所有功率单 元的直流侧输出端级联起来， 形成高压直流电压输出。
逆变侧换流站， 将功率单元的直流输入侧级联起来再与直流输电电缆连接， 使每个功率 单元承担等分的直流电压， 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术将直流电压逆变输出低压交流 电， 再将每个功率单元的交流输出端经过 LC滤波电路接入变压器副边， 通过不同型号的变 压器输出用户所需求的交流电。
其中， 整流侧换流站和逆变侧换流站的功率单元个数， 由用户所需求的直流电压等级决 定。 直流电压等级越高， 所需求的功率单元个数越多。
直流输电线， 由导体屏蔽层、 绝缘层、 绝缘屏蔽层三层同时挤压成绝缘层， 中间导体一 般为铝材单芯导体， 具有高强度、 环保和方便掩埋等特点， 适用于深海等恶劣环境。 此外， 这只能够直流输电线重量轻， 传输功率密度大。
见图 3， 整流阀组的功率单元输入侧为交流输入， 经过由 IGBT所组成的三相可控整流 电路整流成直流电压在直流侧电容两端输出。直流侧电容是其直流侧储能元件， 可缓冲桥臂 开断的冲击电流、 减小直流侧的电压谐波， 并为功率单元提供电压支撑。
见图 4， 逆变阀组的功率单元输入侧为直流输入， 经过由 IGBT所组成的逆变电路逆变 成交流电压输出。 直流侧电容是其直流侧储能元件， 可缓冲桥臂开断的冲击电流、 减小直流 侧的电压谐波， 并为功率单元提供电压支撑。
见图 5、图 6，是 PWM脉宽调制技术的基本工作原理（以单相 PWM脉宽调制技术为例）。 由调制波与三角载波比较产生的触发脉冲， 使功率单元上下桥臂的开关管高频开通和关断， 则桥臂中点电压 Uc在两个固定 +Ud禾 P-Ud之间快速切换， Uc再经过电抗器滤波后则为网侧 的交流电压 Us。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑， 其特征在于， 由整流侧换流站、 逆变侧换流站和直流 输电电缆组成； 所述的整流侧换流站由移相变压器及多个功率单元构成， 移相变压器原边接 入高压交流系统， 在副边形成低压交流电送入功率单元； 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术 将交流电整流成稳定的直流电压， 最终将所有功率单元的直流侧输出端级联起来， 形成高压 直流电压输出；
所述的逆变侧换流站由功率单元、 LC滤波电路和变压器构成， 将功率单元的直流输入 侧级联起来再与直流输电电缆连接， 使每个功率单元承担等分的直流电压， 功率单元采用 PWM脉宽调制技术将直流电压逆变输出低压交流电， 再将每个功率单元的交流输出端经过 LC滤波电路接入变压器副边， 通过不同型号的变压器输出用户所需求的交流电。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑， 其特征在于， 所述的直流输电 电缆由导体屏蔽层、 绝缘层、 绝缘屏蔽层三层挤压成绝缘层， 中间导体为铝材单芯导体。
PCT/CN2012/071434 2011-03-02 2012-02-22 一种轻型直流输电系统拓扑 Ceased WO2012126306A1 (zh)

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