WO2012113140A1 - 一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路 - Google Patents
一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012113140A1 WO2012113140A1 PCT/CN2011/071191 CN2011071191W WO2012113140A1 WO 2012113140 A1 WO2012113140 A1 WO 2012113140A1 CN 2011071191 W CN2011071191 W CN 2011071191W WO 2012113140 A1 WO2012113140 A1 WO 2012113140A1
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- switch tube
- switch
- delay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
- H03K17/284—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching in field effect transistor switches
Definitions
- Delay switch circuit for suppressing power-on pulse current
- the present invention relates to the field of switching circuits, and more particularly to a delay switching circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current.
- the power supply circuit of a handheld device generally has a certain capacity of capacitance. At the moment of power-on, the power supply will charge these capacitors, thereby generating a large pulse current.
- the high pulse current at the moment of power-on will bring two problems: First, when the contact of the battery pole pieces is unstable, these large pulse currents will generate higher heat at the contact points of the battery pole pieces, and the battery will be The pole piece is partially melted. At the same time, the air around the molten battery pole piece expands rapidly to generate an explosion, and the explosive air current brings the molten metal liquid to the surrounding air, causing spark splash. Second, the large current generated by the instantaneous charging brings strong electromagnetic interference to the surrounding space.
- the material of the battery pole piece, the structure and the processing technology are generally made, but this will increase the cost of the battery pole piece and can not effectively eliminate the spark phenomenon.
- Explosion-proof handheld devices used in flammable and explosive environments in order to avoid sparks in the battery pole pieces, use a special structure to deadlock the battery and the handheld device to reduce the probability of battery pole jitter, but such a structure disassembles the battery Inconvenience, and, in the case of severe impact or fall, the hidden danger of sparking the battery pole piece still exists. Therefore, the method of modifying the mechanical structure can not solve the electromagnetic interference problem generated at the time of power-on.
- a current limiting switch circuit is provided in the prior art, see FIG.
- B+1 is the positive pole of the battery
- B-1 is the negative pole of the battery
- VB+ is the positive pole of the main circuit 100 of the handheld device
- VB- is the negative pole of the main circuit 100 of the handheld device.
- the series current sampling resistors RD, RD in the main power supply circuit convert the operating current of the circuit into a sampling voltage, and the second switching transistor Q2 amplifies the sampling voltage and then controls the state of the first switching transistor Q1, thereby limiting the operating current of the circuit to exceed the maximum. Allow current.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a delay switch circuit for suppressing the power-on pulse current, which can effectively prevent the spark of the battery pole piece and reduce the electromagnetic interference generated when the device is powered on, without reducing the battery utilization efficiency.
- the present invention provides a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current, comprising: a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor;
- the first end of the first switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the second end is connected to the positive pole of the main circuit of the handheld device;
- a first capacitor is connected between the first end and the third end of the first switch tube
- the third end of the first switch tube is connected to the second end of the second switch tube through the first resistor
- the third end of the second switch tube is grounded through the second capacitor, the first end of the second switch tube is grounded; the third end of the second switch tube is connected to the anode of the battery through the second resistor;
- the negative pole of the battery is grounded, and the negative pole of the main circuit of the handheld device is grounded.
- the method further includes a first diode, the anode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the second switch tube, and the cathode is connected to the third end of the first switch tube.
- the second diode is further included, the anode of the second diode is connected to the third end of the second switch tube, and the cathode is connected to the anode of the battery.
- a third resistor connected in parallel across the first capacitor is further included.
- the fourth resistor is further included, and the third end of the second switch tube is grounded through the fourth resistor.
- the first switch tube is a field effect tube
- the second switch tube is a field effect tube or a crystal triode
- the first switch tube is a field effect transistor
- the first end of the first switch tube is a source
- the second end is a drain
- the third end is a gate
- the first end of the second switch tube is a source, the second end is a drain, and the third end is a gate; when the second switch tube is a crystal triode, the second switch The first end of the tube is a collector, the second end is an emitter, and the third end is a base.
- the present invention also provides a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current, comprising: a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor;
- the first end of the first switch tube is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the second end is connected to the negative pole of the main circuit of the handheld device;
- the third end of the first switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery through the first resistor, and the anode of the battery is simultaneously connected to the anode of the main circuit of the handheld device;
- the second end of the second switch tube is connected to the third end of the first switch tube
- the third end of the second switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery through the second capacitor;
- a first capacitor is connected between the third end of the first switch tube and the first end;
- the first end of the second switch tube is grounded, the third end is connected to the negative pole of the battery through the second resistor; the negative pole of the main circuit of the handheld device is grounded.
- a third resistor connected in parallel across the first capacitor is further included.
- the first diode is further included, the anode of the first diode is connected to the third end of the first switch tube, and the cathode is connected to the anode of the battery.
- the first switch tube is a field effect tube
- the second switch tube is a field effect tube or a crystal triode
- the first switch tube is a field effect transistor
- the first end of the first switch tube is a source
- the second end is a drain
- the third end is a gate
- the first end of the second switch tube is a source, the second end is a drain, and the third end is a gate; when the second switch tube is a crystal triode, the second switch The first end of the tube is a collector, the second end is an emitter, and the third end is a base.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the main power supply circuit of the delay switch circuit for suppressing the power-on pulse current provided by the present invention has no current sampling resistor, so there is no problem of loss due to the resistance, and the utilization efficiency of the battery is not affected.
- the delay switch circuit delays the conduction of the second switch tube by using a switch delay time timing network composed of the second resistor and the second capacitor. When the second switch tube is turned on, the first capacitor is charged, and then the first switch tube is When turned on, the battery starts to supply power to the main circuit. Use this time difference to ensure that the battery pole piece is stable after contact, so that the battery pole piece can be prevented from sparking.
- the delay switch circuit has no feedback line delay, and the current control speed is fast, which can effectively limit the pulse current at the time of power-on.
- the circuit provided by the invention effectively limits the charging pulse current at the moment of powering up the main circuit, and does not require the sampling and judging process of the current, so the current limiting is quick and effective in time.
- the invention utilizes delayed turn-on and suppress charge
- the dual function of electric current effectively eliminates the hidden danger of contact with the battery pole piece during power-on and the electromagnetic interference caused by the moment of power-on.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current limiting switch circuit provided in the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a third embodiment of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention
- Figure 8 is a waveform diagram of the input voltage, delayed output voltage, and power-on charging current of the walkie-talkie after adding the delay switch circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a block diagram of an embodiment of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention.
- the delay switch circuit for suppressing the power-on pulse current includes: a first switch tube Q1, a second switch tube Q2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first capacitor C1, and a second capacitor C2;
- the first end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the positive pole B+1 of the battery, and the second end is connected to the positive pole VB+ of the main circuit 100 of the handheld device;
- a first capacitor C1 is connected between the first end and the third end of the first switch tube Q1;
- the third end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the second end of the second switch tube Q2 through the first resistor R1; the third end of the second switch tube Q2 is grounded through the second capacitor C2, and the first end of the second switch tube Q2 Grounding
- the third end of the second switch tube Q2 is connected to the positive electrode B +1 of the battery through the second resistor R2;
- R1 and CI form a current limiting integration network
- R2 and C2 form a switching delay time timing network.
- the bias voltage VGSQ1 of Q1 is lower and the on-resistance is larger, which can suppress the charging pulse current of the battery to the main circuit of the handheld device.
- the C1 charging voltage increases,
- C1 and R1 are such that the power supply has completed the charging process of the main circuit during the transition period of Q1, so that the power-on charging current of the main circuit of the device can be effectively suppressed. It is determined that the purpose is to turn on Q1 when the contact of the battery pole piece is stable, so as to ensure that no large current flows through the pole piece of the battery during the period of unstable contact of the battery pole piece.
- the specific choice of Q1 can be determined according to the working current and battery voltage of the main circuit of the handheld device and the total input capacity of the main circuit power supply terminal. It ensures sufficient voltage and power redundancy during charging of the main circuit and during normal period when Q1 is turned on. .
- the contact time of the battery pole piece is different depending on the material and structure of the pole piece and the time of use, which is generally less than 200ms. Therefore, the charging time of R2 and C2 is determined so that the charging voltage of C2 reaches the conduction threshold voltage of Q1 after the battery is electrically charged for more than 200 ms.
- the main power supply circuit of the delay switch circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention has no current sampling resistor, so there is no problem of loss caused by the resistor, and the utilization efficiency of the battery is not affected.
- the delay switch circuit uses the switch delay time timing network composed of R2 and C2 to delay the conduction of Q2. When Q2 is turned on, C1 is charged, and then Q1 is turned on, and the battery starts to supply power to the main circuit. Use this time difference to ensure that the battery pole piece is stable after contact, so that the battery pole piece can be prevented from sparking.
- the delay switch circuit has no feedback line delay, and the current control speed is fast, which can effectively limit the pulse current at the time of power-on.
- FIG. 3 the figure is a structural diagram of a second embodiment of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the invention.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 3 is different from that of FIG. 2 in that a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a third resistor R3 are added;
- the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the third end of the second switching transistor Q2, and the cathode is connected to the positive pole B+1 of the battery.
- the anode of the second diode D 2 is connected to the second end of the second switching transistor Q 2 , and the cathode is connected to the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1.
- a third resistor R3 is connected in parallel across the first capacitor.
- the first switch tube Q1 in this embodiment is preferably a P-type field effect transistor (MOS tube); the second switch tube Q2 may be an N-type field effect transistor or an NPN-type transistor triode;
- the first switch Q1 is a field effect transistor
- the first end of the first switch Q1 is a source
- the second end is a drain
- the third end is a gate
- the second switching transistor Q2 When the second switching transistor Q2 is a field effect transistor, the first terminal of the second switching transistor Q2 is a source, the second terminal is a drain, and the third terminal is a gate.
- the second switching transistor Q2 When the second switching transistor Q2 is a transistor, the first terminal of the second switching transistor Q2 is a collector, the second terminal is an emitter, and the third terminal is a base.
- Dl, D2, R3 and R4 are to force the speeds C1 and C2 when the connection between the battery and the main circuit is interrupted to ensure that the delay and varistor function of the switch is reliable and effective during the battery chip contact jitter.
- the delay switch circuit shown in FIG. 3 may further include a fourth resistor R4, and the third terminal of the second switch transistor Q2 is grounded through the fourth resistor R4.
- FIG. 4 the figure shows a first switch tube on-resistance control curve provided by the present invention.
- the on-resistance of Q1 has a varistor process with the change of the gate-source voltage of Q1.
- the first switch tube in the delay switch circuit provided by the above embodiment is connected in series between the positive pole of the battery and the positive pole of the main circuit. Another embodiment in which the working principle is the same is described below, except that the first switch tube is connected in series to the battery. Between the negative electrode and the negative electrode of the main circuit, the first switching transistor Q1 is changed to an N-type field effect transistor.
- FIG. 5 the figure is an embodiment of a delay switch circuit for suppressing a power-on pulse current provided by the present invention.
- the delay switch circuit for suppressing the power-on pulse current provided in this embodiment includes: the first switch tube
- the first end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the negative pole B-1 of the battery, and the second end is connected to the negative pole VB- of the main circuit 100 of the handheld device;
- the third end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the positive pole B+1 of the battery through the first resistor R1, and the positive pole B+1 of the battery is simultaneously connected to the positive pole VB+ of the main circuit 100 of the handheld device;
- the second end of the second switch tube Q2 is connected to the third end of the first switch tube Q1;
- the third end of the second switch tube Q2 is connected to the anode of the battery through the second capacitor C2;
- a first capacitor C1 is connected between the third end and the first end of the first switch tube Q1;
- the first end of the second switch tube Q2 is grounded, and the third end is connected to the negative pole of the battery through the second resistor R1.
- Q1 can be turned on. At the instant of power-on, the positive B+1 of the battery is applied to the third terminal of Q2 through C2 to turn on Q2. During the Q2 conduction period, the second and third terminals of Q1 are shorted without a bias voltage and turned off. With the charging of C2, the voltage at the third end of Q2 drops below the turn-on threshold voltage. After Q2 is turned off, C1 begins to charge to complete the turn-on control process of Q1.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a delay switch circuit.
- the difference from FIG. 5 is that the first diode D1 and the third resistor R3 are added.
- the first diode D1 and the third resistor R3 function to accelerate the discharge of C1 and C2 when the connection between the battery and the main circuit is interrupted, thereby increasing the response speed of the delay switching circuit to the pulse voltage caused by the jitter of the battery pole piece.
- the waveform diagram corresponding to the walkie-talkie circuit with the transmitting power of 5W is compared with the waveform diagram of the delay switch circuit provided by the present invention and the delay switch circuit provided by the present invention, which embodies the beneficial effects of the present invention.
- Late output voltage and power-on charging current waveform diagram Referring to FIG. 8, the figure shows the waveforms of the input voltage, the delayed output voltage and the power-on charging current of the walkie-talkie after adding the delay switch circuit of the present invention.
- the delay switch circuit of the present invention greatly reduces the pulse current, which can effectively prevent the battery pole piece from generating sparks.
- the present invention utilizes a large resistance in the initial stage of MOS transistor conduction to limit the charging current of the main circuit voltage.
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Description
一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路 技术领域
本发明涉及开关电路技术领域,特别涉及一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开 关电路。
背景技术
手持设备的电源供电电路中一般都有一定容量的电容,在上电瞬间, 电源 将对这些电容充电, 从而产生较大的脉冲电流。
上电瞬间的脉冲大电流将带来两个方面的问题:一是当电池极片接触不稳 定时, 这些较大的脉冲电流将在电池极片的接触部位产生较高的热量, 并将电 池极片局部熔化。 同时熔化的电池极片周围的空气急剧膨胀产生爆炸, 爆炸的 气流把熔化的金属液体带向周围空气, 产生火花飞溅。二是瞬间充电产生的脉 冲大电流给周围的空间带来较强的电磁干扰。
目前, 为了降低上电时电池极片产生的火花, 一般在电池极片材料、 结构 以及加工工艺上做文章,但是这样将增加电池极片的成本, 而且不能有效消除 火花现象。 易燃易爆环境使用的防爆手持设备, 为了避免电池极片产生火花, 用专用结构将电池与手持设备主机死锁在一起, 以降低电池极片抖动的概率, 但是这样的结构拆装电池相当不便, 而且, 当遇到剧烈撞击或跌落, 电池极片 产生火花的隐患依然存在。 因此, 利用改动机械结构的方法解决不了上电时产 生的电磁干扰问题。
现有技术中提供了一种限流开关电路, 参见图 1。
B+1是电池的正极, B-1是电池的负极, VB+是手持设备主电路 100的正 极, VB-是手持设备主电路 100的负极。
主供电回路中串联电流采样电阻 RD, RD将电路的工作电流转换为采样 电压, 第二开关管 Q2对采样电压进行放大后再控制第一开关管 Q1的状态, 从而限制电路的工作电流超出最大允许电流。
由于该电路中要采集电流, 然后转换为采样电压,再通过采样电压控制第 一开关管, 这样的电流反馈控制过程存在延迟,对上电时突然产生的大脉冲电 流的抑制作用不明显, 并且在主供电回路中串接电流采样电阻将带来损耗,从
而降低电池的利用效率。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 能够有效防止电池极片产生火花和减小设备上电瞬间产生的电磁干扰,同时不 会降低电池利用效率。
本发明提供一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 包括: 第一开关管、 第二开关管、 第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第一电容和第二电容;
第一开关管的第一端连接电池的正极, 第二端连接手持设备主电路的正 极;
第一开关管的第一端和第三端之间连接第一电容;
第一开关管的第三端通过第一电阻连接第二开关管的第二端;
第二开关管的第三端通过第二电容接地, 第二开关管的第一端接地; 第二开关管的第三端通过第二电阻连接电池的正极;
电池的负极接地, 手持设备主电路的负极接地。
优选地,还包括第一二极管,第一二极管的正极连接第二开关管的第二端, 阴极连接第一开关管的第三端。
优选地,还包括第二二极管,第二二极管的正极连接第二开关管的第三端, 阴极连接电池的正极。
优选地, 还包括并联在第一电容两端的第三电阻。
优选地, 还包括第四电阻, 第二开关管的第三端通过第四电阻接地。
优选地, 所述第一开关管为场效应管; 所述第二开关管为场效应管或晶体 三极管;
当第一开关管为场效应管时,第一开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;
当第二开关管为场效应管时,第二开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;当第二开关管为晶体三极管时,第二开关管的第一端为集电极, 第二端为发射极, 第三端为基极。
本发明还提供一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路,包括:第一开关管、 第二开关管、 第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第一电容和第二电容;
第一开关管的第一端连接电池的负极, 第二端连接手持设备主电路的负 极;
第一开关管的第三端通过第一电阻连接电池的正极,电池的正极同时连接 手持设备主电路的正极;
第二开关管的第二端连接第一开关管的第三端;
第二开关管的第三端通过第二电容连接电池的正极;
第一开关管的第三端和第一端之间连接有第一电容;
第二开关管的第一端接地, 第三端通过第二电阻连接电池的负极; 手持设备主电路的负极接地。
优选地, 还包括并联于第一电容两端的第三电阻。
优选地,还包括第一二极管,第一二极管的正极连接第一开关管的第三端, 阴极连接电池的正极。
优选地, 所述第一开关管为场效应管; 所述第二开关管为场效应管或晶体 三极管;
当第一开关管为场效应管时,第一开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;
当第二开关管为场效应管时,第二开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;当第二开关管为晶体三极管时,第二开关管的第一端为集电极, 第二端为发射极, 第三端为基极。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点:
本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路的主供电回路中没有电 流采样电阻, 因此不存在电阻带来损耗的问题, 不影响电池的利用效率。 本延 迟开关电路利用第二电阻和第二电容组成的开关延迟时间定时网络来延迟第 二开关管的导通, 当第二开关管导通以后, 第一电容才充电, 然后第一开关管 才导通, 电池才开始为主电路进行供电。 利用这个时间差来保证电池极片接触 稳定后才通电, 这样可以避免电池极片产生火花。 并且该延迟开关电路没有反 馈线路延迟, 电流控制速度较快, 可以有效限制上电时的脉冲电流。 本发明提 供的电路在对主电路加电的瞬间就对充电脉冲电流进行了有效限制,不需要电 流的采样和判断过程, 因此限流及时快速有效。本发明利用延迟接通和抑制充
电电流的双重作用,有效地消除了上电时电池极片接触打火的隐患和上电瞬间 产生电磁干扰的隐患。
附图说明
图 1是现有技术中提供的一种限流开关电路示意图;
图 2是本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例一结构图; 图 3是本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例二结构图; 图 4是本发明提供的第一开关管导通电阻控制曲线;
图 5是本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例三结构图; 图 6是本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例四结构图; 和上电充电电流波形图;
图 8是本发明添加延迟开关电路后对讲机的输入电压,延迟输出电压和上 电充电电流波形图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂, 下面结合附图对 本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
参见图 2, 该图为本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例 一结构图。
本实施例提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 包括: 第一开关管 Ql、 第二开关管 Q2、 第一电阻 Rl、 第二电阻 R2、 第一电容 C1和第二电容 C2;
第一开关管 Q1的第一端连接电池的正极 B+1 , 第二端连接手持设备主电 路 100的正极 VB+;
第一开关管 Q1的第一端和第三端之间连接第一电容 C1 ;
第一开关管 Q1的第三端通过第一电阻 R1连接第二开关管 Q2的第二端; 第二开关管 Q2的第三端通过第二电容 C2接地,第二开关管 Q2的第一端 接地;
第二开关管 Q2的第三端通过第二电阻 R2连接电池的正极 B +1 ;
电池的负极 B- 1接地, 手持设备主电路 100的负极 VB-接地。
其中, Rl和 CI组成限流积分网络; R2和 C2组成开关延迟时间定时网络。 当 C2上的充电电压达到 Q2的导通门限电压时, Q2导通, C1开始充电。 当 Q2导通后, 利用 R1和 C1的积分特性, 延緩 Q1的偏置电压 VGSQ1 的上升时间。 才艮据 Q1的偏置电压 VGSQ1与导通电阻 Rds ( on )的控制关系, 在 C1充电的过程中 Q1的导通存在一个由无穷大到完全导通的变阻过程。
在 C1开始充电阶段, Q1的偏置电压 VGSQ1较低, 导通电阻较大, 这样 可以抑制电池对手持设备主电路的充电脉冲电流。 随着 C1充电电压的升高,
Q1进入完全导通状态, 此时导通电阻变为艮小的几十豪欧, 这么小的电阻对 电池的利用效率影响很小。
C1和 R1的具体取值, 以使 Q1的开通变阻过渡时间内, 电源已经完成对 主电路的充电过程, 这样就能有效的抑制设备主电路的上电充电电流。 确定, 目的是当电池极片接触稳定后才使 Q1导通, 从而保证电池极片接触不 稳定期间, 电池极片上没有大电流通过。
Q1 具体的选择可以根据手持设备主电路工作电流和电池电压以及主电路 电源端的输入总电容量决定, 保证 Q1导通时给主电路充电期间以及正常期间 均有足够的耐压和功率冗余度。电池极片接触抖动时间因极片的材料和结构不 同以及使用时间不同而有区别, 一般小于 200ms。 所以, R2和 C2的充电时间 的确定以在电池电装入设备超过 200ms后, C2的充电电压才达到 Q1的导通 门限电压。
本发明实施例提供的延迟开关电路的主供电回路中没有电流采样电阻, 因 此不存在电阻带来损耗的问题, 不影响电池的利用效率。 本延迟开关电路利用 R2和 C2组成的开关延迟时间定时网络来延迟 Q2的导通, 当 Q2导通以后, C1 才充电, 然后 Q1 才导通, 电池才开始为主电路进行供电。 利用这个时间 差来保证电池极片接触稳定后才通电, 这样可以避免电池极片产生火花。 并且 该延迟开关电路没有反馈线路延迟, 电流控制速度较快, 可以有效限制上电时 的脉冲电流。
参见图 3 , 该图为发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例二 结构图。
图 3所示的电路与图 2的区别是增加了第一二极管 Dl、 第二二极管 D2 和第三电阻 R3;
第一二极管 D1的正极连接第二开关管 Q2的第三端, 阴极连接电池的正 极 B+l。
第二二极管 D 2的正极连接第二开关管 Q 2的第二端,阴极连接第一开关 管 Q1的第三端。
第一电容的两端并联第三电阻 R3。
本实施例中各个器件的参数值可以选择如下数值:
Cl=0.01 μ Ρ; C2=l μ F; Rl=100kQ ; R2=2MQ ; R3=1MQ。
本实施例中的第一开关管 Q1优选为 P型场效应管(MOS管); 所述第二 开关管 Q2可选为 N型场效应管或 NPN型晶体三极管;
当第一开关管 Q1为场效应管时, 第一开关管 Q1的第一端为源极, 第二 端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;
当第二开关管 Q2为场效应管时, 第二开关管 Q2的第一端为源极, 第二 端为漏极, 第三端为栅极。 当第二开关管 Q2 为晶体三极管时, 第二开关管 Q2的第一端为集电极, 第二端为发射极, 第三端为基极。
Dl、 D2、 R3和 R4的作用是在电池与主电路连接中断时, 力口速 C1和 C2 以保证在电池极片接触抖动期间, 开关的延迟变阻功能可靠有效。
图 3所示的延迟开关电路中还可以包括第四电阻 R4,第二开关管 Q2的第 三端通过第四电阻 R4接地。
参见图 4, 该图为本发明提供的第一开关管导通电阻控制曲线。
从图 4中可以看出, Q1的导通电阻随着 Q1的栅源电压的变化有一个变阻 的过程。
以上实施例提供的延迟开关电路中的第一开关管串联在电池的正极和主 电路的正极之间, 下面介绍工作原理相同的另一个实施例, 不同的是该第一开 关管串联在电池的负极和主电路的负极之间,第一开关管 Q1改成了 N型场效 应管。
参见图 5 , 该图为本发明提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路实施例
三结构图。
本实施例提供的抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 包括: 第一开关管
Ql、 第二开关管 Q2、 第一电阻 Rl、 第二电阻 R2、 第一电容 C1和第二电容 C2;
第一开关管 Q1的第一端连接电池的负极 B-1 , 第二端连接手持设备主电 路 100的负极 VB-;
第一开关管 Q1的第三端通过第一电阻 R1连接电池的正极 B+1 , 电池的 正极 B+1同时连接手持设备主电路 100的正极 VB+;
第二开关管 Q2的第二端连接第一开关管 Q1的第三端;
第二开关管 Q2的第三端通过第二电容 C2连接电池的正极;
第一开关管 Q1的第三端和第一端之间连接有第一电容 C1 ;
第二开关管 Q2的第一端接地, 第三端通过第二电阻 R1连接电池的负极
B+1 ;
手持设备主电路的负极 VB-接地。
图 5所示的电路与图 2所示的电路的工作原理基本相同, 只是 Q2截止,
Q1才能导通。 上电瞬间, 电池的正极 B+1通过 C2加到 Q2的第三端使 Q2导 通, Q2导通期间 Q1的第二端和第三端被短接无偏置电压而截止。 随着 C2的 充电, Q2第三端的电压降到导通门限电压以下, Q2截止后, C1才开始充电 完成 Q1的开通控制过程。
对于图 5所示的电路, 本发明实施例还提供一种延迟开关电路, 参见图 6 所示, 与图 5的区别是增加了第一二极管 D1和第三电阻 R3。
第一二极管 D1和第三电阻 R3的作用是为了在电池与主电路连接中断时, 加速 C1和 C2的放电, 从而提高延迟开关电路对电池极片抖动引起的脉冲电 压的响应速度。
下面以手持设备为发射功率为 5W的对讲机电路对应的波形图,对比没有 本发明提供的延迟开关电路和添加本发明提供的延迟开关电路的波形图,体现 本发明带来的有益效果。 迟输出电压和上电充电电流波形图。
参见图 8, 该图为本发明添加延迟开关电路后对讲机的输入电压, 延迟输 出电压和上电充电电流波形图。
从图 7和图 8可以看出,在电池电压为 7.4V时,上电脉冲电流峰值由 12A 降到 0.26A, 开关延迟导通时间为 428ms。 由此可见, 本发明的延迟开关电路 较大幅度降低了脉冲电流, 这样可以有效防止电池极片产生火花。
本发明利用 MOS 管导通初始阶段的大电阻来限制主电路电压的充电电 以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式上的 限制。 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上, 然而并非用以限定本发明。 任何 熟悉本领域的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下, 都可利用上述 揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改 为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此, 凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容, 依据本 发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何筒单修改、等同变化及修饰, 均仍属 于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims
1、 一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 包括: 第一开 关管、 第二开关管、 第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第一电容和第二电容;
第一开关管的第一端连接电池的正极, 第二端连接手持设备主电路的正 极;
第一开关管的第一端和第三端之间连接第一电容;
第一开关管的第三端通过第一电阻连接第二开关管的第二端;
第二开关管的第三端通过第二电容接地, 第二开关管的第一端接地; 第二开关管的第三端通过第二电阻连接电池的正极;
电池的负极接地, 手持设备主电路的负极接地。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括第一二极 管, 第一二极管的正极连接第二开关管的第二端, 阴极连接第一开关管的第三 端。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括第二二极 管, 第二二极管的正极连接第二开关管的第三端, 阴极连接电池的正极。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括并联在第 一电容两端的第三电阻。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括第四电阻, 第二开关管的第三端通过第四电阻接地。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 所述第 一开关管为场效应管; 所述第二开关管为场效应管或晶体三极管;
当第一开关管为场效应管时,第一开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;
当第二开关管为场效应管时,第二开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;当第二开关管为晶体三极管时,第二开关管的第一端为集电极, 第二端为发射极, 第三端为基极。
7、 一种抑制上电脉冲电流的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 包括: 第一开 关管、 第二开关管、 第一电阻、 第二电阻、 第一电容和第二电容;
第一开关管的第一端连接电池的负极, 第二端连接手持设备主电路的负 极;
第一开关管的第三端通过第一电阻连接电池的正极,电池的正极同时连接 手持设备主电路的正极;
第二开关管的第二端连接第一开关管的第三端;
第二开关管的第三端通过第二电容连接电池的正极;
第一开关管的第三端和第一端之间连接有第一电容;
第二开关管的第一端接地, 第三端通过第二电阻连接电池的负极; 手持设备主电路的负极接地。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括并联于第 一电容两端的第三电阻。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 还包括第一二极 管, 第一二极管的正极连接第一开关管的第三端, 阴极连接电池的正极。
10、 根据权利要求 7-9任一项所述的延迟开关电路, 其特征在于, 所述第 一开关管为场效应管; 所述第二开关管为场效应管或晶体三极管;
当第一开关管为场效应管时,第一开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;
当第二开关管为场效应管时,第二开关管的第一端为源极,第二端为漏极, 第三端为栅极;当第二开关管为晶体三极管时,第二开关管的第一端为集电极, 第二端为发射极, 第三端为基极。
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5440260A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1995-08-08 | Advantest Corporation | Variable delay circuit |
| CN1968017A (zh) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-23 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 用于电压驱动式开关元件的驱动器 |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5440260A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1995-08-08 | Advantest Corporation | Variable delay circuit |
| CN1968017A (zh) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-23 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 用于电压驱动式开关元件的驱动器 |
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