WO2012110844A1 - Composición mejorada, método de preparación y uso de fluidos ultraligeros base aceite para la perforación de zonas depresionadas con lutitas activas - Google Patents
Composición mejorada, método de preparación y uso de fluidos ultraligeros base aceite para la perforación de zonas depresionadas con lutitas activas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012110844A1 WO2012110844A1 PCT/IB2011/000918 IB2011000918W WO2012110844A1 WO 2012110844 A1 WO2012110844 A1 WO 2012110844A1 IB 2011000918 W IB2011000918 W IB 2011000918W WO 2012110844 A1 WO2012110844 A1 WO 2012110844A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fluid
- drilling
- ultralight
- foamed
- Prior art date
Links
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006182 dimethyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
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- -1 aromatic olefin Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGWWQZSCLBZOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C VGWWQZSCLBZOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006178 methyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011328 necessary treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the composition, method of preparation and application of a foamed oil based ultralight drilling fluid system with half-life times greater than 20 minutes and up to 10 hours, which can be used for drilling Paleocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic formations of depressed oil fields, and more specifically to safely drill the clay bodies (active shales) that are embedded in these formations and with high thermal gradients (greater than 180 ° C).
- the oil-based (ultralight) foamed fluid of this invention can be used for drilling, repairing and terminating oil wells using the Low Balance Drilling (UBD) or C-Pressure Drilling (MPD) method. its acronym in English) or the traditional method of drilling using cryogenic nitrogen gas, membrane nitrogen, air or any other gas or mixtures thereof, in order to reduce the specific gravity of the fluid in a range of 0.8 to 0.2.
- UBD Low Balance Drilling
- MPD C-Pressure Drilling
- a drilling fluid (traditionally known as mud) that can be water based, oil based or use a gas in order to carry out multiple functions, among which the following stand out: counteract the pressures of drilling fluids, cool and lubricate the auger, carry perforated cuts to the surface for separation and recycling of the previous fluid conditioning.
- mud traditionally known as mud
- Bentonite fluid with densities of 1.02 to 1.05 g / cc
- polymeric bentonitic fluid with densities of 1.02 to 1.05 g / cc
- Low density polymeric fluids with densities of 0.86 to 0.98 g / cc (80% diesel and 20% water)
- potholes viscous bentonite sludge blind drilling
- seawater-based fluids with xanthan gum
- silicates and maximum load lubricants with densities of 1.05 to 1.07 g / cc.
- the foaming agent is selected from the group of silicone foaming agents, fluorinated foaming agents or combinations thereof
- the gelling agent is selected from the group of phosphate esters and mixtures or combinations thereof with their cross-chain agents. which are selected from the group of di, tri or tetravalent metals.
- the polymer, which is soluble in the base oil, and whose main function is to increase the viscosity of the hydrocarbon base fluid may be formed by one or more polymerizable units of mono or diolefins.
- the base oil may be selected from the group of synthetic hydrocarbon oils, petroleum derived hydrocarbons, natural oils or other similar hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof.
- the maximum half-life of the foamed fluid of the invention is 2 to 20 minutes (the half-life of the foam is defined as the time it takes for the foam to reduce its original liquid volume by 50%).
- This particularity means that the foam in question has limited application for drilling wells with the technique of drilling under balance or controlled pressure, since the half-life of this foam is not sufficient for the fluid to remain stable derived from some suspension of operations due to pump failure, winch, among others, and whose waiting times exceed 20 minutes of half-life considered by the fluid referred to in the patent in question, this situation causes the foam to destroy inside the well causing problems of packing of the string and / or lost circulation, since the foam is destroyed decreases the consistency (viscosity) and the fluid no longer retains its suspension power causing the drilling cuts to settle and the liquid phase is lost to formation more rapidly due to the viscosity reduction.
- This application also seeks to protect the drilling method comprising the steps of: 1) adding an amount of a foaming composition to a hydrocarbon base fluid to form a foamed drilling fluid, where the foaming composition is formed by a foaming agent and a sufficient amount of a stabilizing polymer to form a stable foam at temperatures of at least 350 ° F (175 ° C); 2) pump the foam into the drill string; 3) pump an organophilic gas inside or to the auger at a speed sufficient to produce a foamed drilling fluid that reduces the weight of the fluid column and transports the cuts to the surface; and 4) remove the foam from the well.
- a defoaming agent a process that can be repeated up to 10 times without the addition of any additive of the foaming composition.
- the aforementioned foaming composition is mainly composed of: 1) a foaming agent, which is selected from the group of silicone foaming agents, fluorinated oligomeric foaming agents or polymeric foaming agents or combinations thereof; 2) a hydrocarbon base fluid, which is selected from the group of synthetic hydrocarbon fluids, petroleum derived hydrocarbon fluids, natural hydrocarbon fluids and mixtures thereof; and 3) a polymer which comprises at least one monomer of aromatic olefins and at least one diene monomer, where the former comprise styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, a-trifluoromethyl styrene, fluorinated styrene, alkylated stretches, vinyl pyridine and mixtures of them and the latter comprise at least butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl butadiene, 1,3 pentadiene or mixtures thereof.
- a foaming agent which is selected from the group of silicone foaming agents, fluorinated oligo
- the foaming composition is added to the oil-based fluid in a range between 0.5 and 5% by weight, and has a lifetime of 2 to 5 minutes.
- the foaming agent is added to the base oil in a concentration of 1% by weight, the viscosifying polymer is added in a range of 0.05 to 5% by weight and the antifoaming agent can be added in a concentration that can be double the amount of foaming agent.
- the fluid must also have the characteristic that in combination with a gas such as air, nitrogen or any other gas, it must reduce its specific gravity to values of the order of 0.8 to 0.2 and additionally possess good Theological properties that allow cleaning of the hole with in order to improve drilling progress, suspend the cuts before any waiting time situation and bring the cuts to the surface for removal.
- This type of fluid is precisely the foamed oil based drilling fluid object of this invention.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a foamed oil base fluid that is stable, with half-life times greater than 20 minutes and up to 6 hours, or more.
- Another objective of the present invention relates to the fact that during its use in the drilling of depressed areas said foamed oil base fluid does not destabilize the well walls, that does not interact with the formation hydrating it or causing its dispersion and that has the capacity to house a gas and retain it, forming a stable foam under the effects of pressures and background temperatures of up to 200 ° C or more.
- foamed oil-based fluid resists contamination of congenital water flows from formation, invasion of crude oil, drilling cuts and acid gases (C0 2 and H 2 S), between others.
- said fluid must also have the characteristic that in combination with a gas it must reduce its specific gravity to values of the order of 0.8 to 0.2 and additionally possess good Theological properties to allow the cleaning of the hole in order to improve drilling progress, suspend the cuts before any waiting time situation and carry the cuts to the surface for removal.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the Circulatory System for drilling under balance with a foamed oil based ultralight fluid with nitrogen injection according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a diagram of the Circulatory System for drilling with an ultralight fluid based on foamed oil and with air injection and foam diffuser in the sludge dams without using the low balance drilling equipment.
- Figure 3 shows a general scheme of the foam diffuser used to inject air into the ultralight fluid into the work and suction dams in order to reduce the specific gravity to values of the order of 0.25.
- the figure shows a diagram of the Circulatory System for drilling under balance with an ultralight fluid based foamed oil with nitrogen injection, foam generator, and air injection with foam diffuser in the sludge dams.
- the ultralight foamed oil based fluid object of the present invention consists mainly of only three essential ingredients, a base oil, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer. Unlike the foamed fluids that exist in the state of the art, the fluid does not use viscosifying polymers or cross-chain agents to provide stability and thermal resistance to foam.
- the base oil used can be selected, without restriction, from the group of kerosene oils, crude oil, diesel oil, natural origin oil, mineral oil and condensates or some oil derived from similar hydrocarbons combined or mixed together, a component that It represents 90 to 99% by volume of the base composition before injecting the gas to produce the foam and thus obtain the ultralight fluid required to drill the depressed areas constituted by sands, loams, cretaceous limestones, dolomites, among others, and which, among other things, allows the formation of formations containing hydratable and delectable clay bodies.
- the foaming agent consists mainly of a surfactant, which can be selected from the group of foaming agents. of silicones, fluorinated polymers of vinyl type, perfluorinated polymers of acrylic type. More specifically, the inventors have found that a foaming agent of the type of partially perfluorinated acrylic-based polymers in combination with a stabilizing agent provides thermal stability to the oil-based ultralight fluid of up to 200 ° C, with drain times of less than 5% in a time of 6 hours, which provides a foam with half-life times greater than 6 hours.
- This feature allows to ensure that the fluid will remain stable inside the hole, under the effects of pressure and temperatures of up to 200 ° C, for long periods of time, thereby avoiding the classic problems of string packing and entrapment and / or loss. of circulation caused by the decrease in consistency (lack of stability) suffered by foamed fluids that have short half-life (less than 20 minutes).
- the concentration range in which the foaming agent is used is of the order of 0.5 to 5% by volume.
- the stabilizing agent is used in a concentration range that varies from 5 to 50 kg / m 3 of the base oil, and can be selected from the group of polymers derived from carboxylic acids (dimers, trimers, among others) or from the group of Bentonite, Montmorillonite, smectite, hectorite, saponite, beidelite or stevensite treated with quaternary salts of fatty acids, which when interacting with oleophilic compounds such as diesel oil, hydrocarbons, synthetic oils, among others, provide thixotropic properties.
- Organophilic compounds prepared from the aforementioned clays, prior to their incorporation into the fluid object of the present invention, are treated with dispersing agents with the purpose of maximizing their yield, the most commonly used dispersants are, among others, low weight alcohols. molecular, acetone and nitroalkanes containing Up to 5% water. Polymers derived from carboxylic acids can be used in a range of 0.1 to 5% vol.
- the stabilizing agent may be selected from the group of ammonium bentonite derived from hydrogenated dimethyl di bait, ammonium bentonite derived from hydrogenated methyl benzyl di bait, ammonium bentonite derived from hydrogenated dimethyl benzyl di bait and mixtures thereof.
- the prepared fluid is circulated with a sludge pump (1) through a circulatory circuit and the foam is formed with the use of a foam generator (2), to pass to a unit of injection (3) where a gas (4) is injected to form the foam, which passes through a vertical pipe (5), a drill string (6) and a auger to return through an annular space (7 ).
- the gas (4) can be membrane nitrogen, cryogenic nitrogen, air, among others.
- the repressed well is maintained and the fluid leaves the well through a rotating head (9) to be sent to a gas-mud separator ( 10), where part of the gas is separated from the foam and the solids and fluid are sent to a solid control equipment (1 1) where the drill cuttings are separated.
- the ultralight fluid object of the present invention does not require the use of defoaming agents, since being passed through the solid control equipment and degasser releases part of the gas thus increasing its density.
- the ultralight fluid passes through settlement, treatment and suction dams to be pumped back into the well previously passing through the generator foam and injecting the amount of gas necessary to reduce the density to the required values.
- a novel aspect of this invention is that the centrifugal pump (supercharger) that is traditionally coupled to the suction of the sludge pump has been replaced by a transfer pump with "non-contact” technology (12) that bases its principle of operation in the "drag of the viscous boundary layer," since it is widely known that traditional centrifugal pumps have severe cavitation problems because the NPSH available with foamed fluids is less than the NPSH required by centrifugal pumps .
- the foamed oil-based fluid, object of this invention can also be aerated or gasified in sludge dams (21) with a foam diffuser (22), managing to reduce the specific gravity of the fluid at values from 0.9 to 0.20 or lower depending on the amount of gas injected.
- the fluid passes through an auger, returns through the annular space (25) to a rotating head (26) and from there is sent through a floating line (27) to a solids control equipment (28 ), to finally pass to a settlement dam and mixing dams and a suction dam where, if required, the necessary treatment is given with the additives that make up this fluid and the necessary air or gas is injected through the foam diffuser to maintain the required working density.
- the foam diffuser of this second embodiment is illustrated in Figure 3, where it is observed that the foam diffuser is preferably constituted by a pipe (31) of carbon steel ID card 40, 80 or 120, stainless steel, aluminum or even PVC plastic, which is closed at one end and on the other is coupled to a hose (32) that feeds a variable air flow (for example 20 to 800 cubic feet per minute) in sufficient quantity to reduce the specific gravity of the ultralight fluid at the required values.
- a variable air flow for example 20 to 800 cubic feet per minute
- the length of the pipe can be variable, but more specifically it can be from 1 to 5 m in length and the diameter is from 1 "(25.4 mm) to 5" (127 mm).
- said pipe has a plurality of perforations (33), the diameter and shape of which can be variable, preferably homogeneously distributed, with a diameter of said perforations ranging from 0.015 "(0.38 mm) to 0.5" (12.7 mm ), with a radial spacing of the perforations which can be from 0.25 "(6.35 mm) to 10" (254 mm).
- the ultralight foamed oil-based fluid is characterized in that it is formulated with a base oil, a gas, a polymeric foaming agent and a stabilizing agent, which in combination with a foam generator allows to reduce, at the level of sludge dams, the specific gravity of the fluid at values in a range of 0.8 to 0.20.
- the ultralight foamed oil based fluid can be foamed in the dams using a foam diffuser (41) to lower the density with air to a certain value (0.4 for example) and then be pumped with a sludge pump (42) to a foam generator (43), assisted by a disk supercharger pump (44); to pass to an injection unit (45) where the amount of a gas, preferably nitrogen, is injected necessary to reduce the specific gravity to the required values, the foam formed passes through a vertical tube (46), or a drill string (47), or a auger returning through an annular space.
- a foam diffuser (41) to lower the density with air to a certain value (0.4 for example) and then be pumped with a sludge pump (42) to a foam generator (43), assisted by a disk supercharger pump (44); to pass to an injection unit (45) where the amount of a gas, preferably nitrogen, is injected necessary to reduce the specific gravity to the required values, the foam formed passes through a vertical tube (46), or
- the repressed well With the equipment under balance, and through a pressure booster (48), the repressed well is kept and the fluid leaves the well through a rotating head (49) to be sent to a gas-sludge separator (50), where part of the gas is separated from the foam and the solids and fluid are sent to a solid control equipment (51) where the drill cuttings are separated.
- the ultralight fluid passes through settlement, treatment and suction dams (where the foam diffuser is kept operating) to be pumped back into the well previously passing through the foam generator and injecting the amount of gas necessary to reduce density at required values.
- composition of the oil-based foamed fluid is characterized in that it has a thermal resistance of more than 180 ° C without thermal degradation problems, and in this way they form stable foams, which are greatly improved when they are subjected to the effect of temperature, even presenting longer half-life and a% drainage of the liquid phase less than 5% for a period of 6 hours which provides half-life times greater than 10 hours.
- the foamed oil-based fluid of this invention is capable of forming a stable foam in which it accepts a gas within a liquid (hydrocarbon, diesel oil, mineral oil or crude oil) thus reducing the specific gravity of the fluid to values of the order from 0.7 to 0.25 and more preferably 0.2 or lower, depending on the amount of gas injected and the amount of stabilizer and foaming agent.
- reducing the specific gravity of the foamed fluid reduces the pressure of the hydrostatic column of the drilling fluid that is pumped into the well, thereby managing the specific gravity within the range required to drill the depressed areas, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a loss of circulation due to the fracturing of the formation and / or the occurrence of an outbreak by adequately controlling the formation fluids.
- the chemical nature and the synergistic effect that is achieved by the combination of the foaming agent-oil-stabilizer-gas allow the oil-based foamed ultralight fluid, apart from presenting thermal stability higher than 180 ° C, and more properly 200 ° C, of This invention resists the most common contamination that occurs when drilling the depressed areas of the characteristic formations of the Paleocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic, in addition to inhibiting the hydration and delegation of the bodies clays that are interspersed in these formations.
- the most common contamination to which we refer, among others, are the following: salt water flows, acid gases such as C0 2 and H 2 S, crude oil, drilling cuts, among others.
- the stabilizer in combination with the foaming agent and the base oil, produces a synergy effect that retains the gas for long periods of time.
- This synergy effect is characterized in that at rest the foaming composition exhibits a thixotropic behavior in such a way that it builds a gelatinous structure that traps the gas bubble preventing it from migrating towards the surface increasing its stability and consequently increasing its life time half.
- the foaming composition allows a stable foam to be formed when the gas is injected at temperatures above 200 ° C.
- the volume of the foam sample for the separation of lases was 100 ml.
- the volume of the foam sample for the phase separation was 100 ml.
- the volume of the foam sample for phase separation was 100 ml.
- the volume of the foam sample for phase separation was 500 ml.
- a Hamilton Beach type agitator was used mixing the products in the following order: Diesel-stabilizing agent-foaming agent stirring at low speed for 15 minutes with the stabilizing agent and 10 minutes with the foaming agent a high speed.
- Theological behavior tests were carried out on a rotational viscometer of coaxial cylinders at a temperature of 65 ° C.
- the thermal stability tests were carried out by means of a temperature aging test for a certain time, using 500 ml stainless steel cells and pressurizing with a Inert gas (nitrogen) at 150 psig using as a heating medium a 6-roll roller oven with temperature controller with PID control mode (Proportional-Integral-Differential).
- the stability of the foam was determined by emptying a volume of the ultralight foamed fluid in a test tube of 100, 250 or 500 ml capacity and measuring the amount of liquid phase separated at the bottom of the test tube for a certain time.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 250 psi in roll cell 500 ml
- the density value reported in the laboratory tests is that obtained through the agitation process where the air is occluded due to the effects of the shape of the propeller and the speed with which the fluid is agitated, this value can be modified depending on the amount of gas (nitrogen, air, or others) that is injected into the mixture by passing it through a foam generator as described in patent application PA / a / 2003/002391.
- the density reported in the examples was obtained at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by weighing a volume of 100 ml of the oil-based foamed ultralight fluid, using a granatary scale approximating 0.1 g and a 100 ml specimen.
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Abstract
Description
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BR112013020752A BR112013020752A2 (pt) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-04-28 | composição, método de preparação e utilização de fluidos ultraleves à base de óleo para perfuração em áreas de depressão com xisto ativo |
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MXMX/A/2011/001683 | 2011-02-14 | ||
MX2011001683A MX2011001683A (es) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-02-14 | Composicion mejorada, metodo de preparacion y uso de fluidos ultraligeros base aceite para la perforacion de zonas depresionadas con lutitas activas. |
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WO2012110844A1 true WO2012110844A1 (es) | 2012-08-23 |
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PCT/IB2011/000918 WO2012110844A1 (es) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-04-28 | Composición mejorada, método de preparación y uso de fluidos ultraligeros base aceite para la perforación de zonas depresionadas con lutitas activas |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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BR (1) | BR112013020752A2 (es) |
CO (1) | CO6801693A2 (es) |
MX (1) | MX2011001683A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2012110844A1 (es) |
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CN102796498B (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-04-09 | 西南石油大学 | 泡沫钻井液 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4088583A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-05-09 | Union Oil Company Of California | Composition and method for drilling high temperature reservoirs |
GB2432859A (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-06 | Weatherford Lamb | Methods for foaming hydrocarbon drilling fluids |
US20080257554A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Clearwater International, Llc | Foamed fluid additive for underbalance drilling |
US20100000795A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Clearwater International, Llc | Enhanced oil-based foam drilling fluid compositions and method for making and using same |
-
2011
- 2011-02-14 MX MX2011001683A patent/MX2011001683A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-04-28 WO PCT/IB2011/000918 patent/WO2012110844A1/es active Application Filing
- 2011-04-28 BR BR112013020752A patent/BR112013020752A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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2013
- 2013-08-14 CO CO13193232A patent/CO6801693A2/es active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4088583A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-05-09 | Union Oil Company Of California | Composition and method for drilling high temperature reservoirs |
GB2432859A (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-06 | Weatherford Lamb | Methods for foaming hydrocarbon drilling fluids |
US20080257554A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Clearwater International, Llc | Foamed fluid additive for underbalance drilling |
US20100000795A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Clearwater International, Llc | Enhanced oil-based foam drilling fluid compositions and method for making and using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CO6801693A2 (es) | 2013-11-29 |
MX2011001683A (es) | 2011-08-30 |
BR112013020752A2 (pt) | 2016-10-18 |
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