WO2012105351A1 - 太陽光集光用ミラー及び当該太陽光集光用ミラーを有する太陽熱発電システム - Google Patents
太陽光集光用ミラー及び当該太陽光集光用ミラーを有する太陽熱発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012105351A1 WO2012105351A1 PCT/JP2012/051304 JP2012051304W WO2012105351A1 WO 2012105351 A1 WO2012105351 A1 WO 2012105351A1 JP 2012051304 W JP2012051304 W JP 2012051304W WO 2012105351 A1 WO2012105351 A1 WO 2012105351A1
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- mirror
- light collecting
- solar
- solar light
- layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/82—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/063—Tower concentrators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
- F24S23/715—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces flexible
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/81—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors flexible
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
- G02B19/0023—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) at least one surface having optical power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
- G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar light collecting mirror and a solar thermal power generation system using the same.
- a method of solving the problem of low energy density of solar energy by collecting solar energy with a huge reflector has been proposed.
- a tower type solar thermal power generation system as described in Patent Document 1 is cited.
- This system has a plurality of reflecting mirrors arranged in a substantially circular shape or a substantially fan shape, and a tower installed in the center, and the sunlight is concentrated on the heat collecting part in the tower by the reflecting mirrors. Light is used to generate electricity using the heat.
- Sunlight is not a perfect parallel light, but a light beam having an inclination in an angle range corresponding to a viewing angle of 0.52 ° to 0.54 °.
- the viewing angle of sunlight is almost negligible.
- the reflecting mirror is a plane mirror, the light ray of the component corresponding to the viewing angle out of the light rays reflected from the solar rays Since the light is diffused in proportion to the condensing distance, there is a problem that the reflected light cannot be completely received by the limited light receiving area of the heat collecting part, and the condensing efficiency is lowered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide solar heat having a long distance of several tens of meters to several hundreds of meters from a reflector to a heat collecting part, as in a tower type solar thermal power generation system. Also in the power generation system, a solar light collecting mirror that can obtain high light collecting efficiency, can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, and can easily obtain concave mirrors with various curvatures, and the same are used. It is to provide a solar thermal power generation system.
- the present invention according to claim 1 is a solar light collecting mirror having a reflective portion that can be elastically deformed, and the central portion of the reflective portion has positions in the X direction and the Y direction of the reflective portion. Fixed, The relative position in the Z direction between the central portion of the reflective portion and the peripheral portion of the reflective portion is variable, In the peripheral portion of the reflection portion, the positions in the X direction and the Y direction are not fixed, A concave mirror structure is obtained by elastically deforming the reflecting portion and changing a relative position between the central portion and the peripheral portion in the Z direction.
- the present inventor has found that a concave mirror made of a curved surface can be easily obtained by utilizing the elastic deformation of the reflecting portion used as a mirror.
- the present inventor obtains a concave mirror structure by elastically deforming the reflecting portion and changing the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion, so that it is not a simple curved surface but a substantially parabolic shape.
- it has been found that very high light collection efficiency can be obtained even if the distance from the reflection part to the heat collection part is long.
- the central portion of the reflecting portion is fixed in the X and Y directions, but the peripheral portion of the reflecting portion is not fixed in the X and Y directions.
- the position of the peripheral portion has a certain degree of freedom, and the relative movement is possible, that is, can be shifted.
- the concave portion is formed by elastically deforming the reflecting portion, excessive stress does not occur in the peripheral portion, and the distortion of the concave mirror in the peripheral portion can be reduced.
- the first merit is that since the distortion of the concave mirror in the peripheral part can be reduced, the condensing efficiency in the peripheral part is not easily lowered, and the condensing efficiency can be further improved.
- Sunlight collecting mirrors are used outdoors and are exposed to sunlight heat, ultraviolet rays, wind and rain, and sandstorms. There is a problem that the deterioration of the concave mirror due to the environment is promoted. However, by reducing the distortion of the concave mirror in the peripheral part, it is possible to maintain the performance of the solar light collecting mirror for a long period of time regardless of the use outdoors.
- the concave mirror is formed by fixing the positions of the peripheral part and the central part in the X direction and the Y direction and changing only the relative position in the Z direction, since the peripheral part is distorted, the light collection efficiency is increased. In terms of the period of use, it can be said that it is better not to fix the periphery.
- the peripheral portion of the reflecting portion needs to be in close contact with the support and be in an airtight state, so the positions of the peripheral portion in the X direction and Y direction are Since it is fixed and the peripheral portion is distorted, the above-described problem occurs.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the solar light collecting mirror has an elastically deformable structure, and the reflection portion is a surface of the structure.
- the center part of the structure in which the reflection part is formed is fixed in the X direction and the Y direction, and the center part of the structure in which the reflection part is formed;
- the relative position in the Z direction with the peripheral part of the structure in which the reflective part is formed is variable, and the peripheral part of the structure in which the reflective part is formed is in the X direction and the Y direction.
- a concave mirror structure is obtained by elastically deforming the structure in which the position is not fixed and the reflecting portion is formed, and changing the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion. It is characterized by.
- the reflecting part is a thin and low-rigid material such as a film mirror
- the surface may wave and the light collection efficiency may be reduced.
- the elastically deformable structure to the back surface of the reflecting portion, it is possible to effectively suppress the waviness and the like of the reflecting portion when the reflecting portion and the structure are elastically deformed integrally.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 3 is provided between the substrate and the substrate and the structure in the invention according to claim 2, and has three points with respect to the peripheral portion of the structure.
- the structure has a support structure that contacts the structure so as to be relatively movable and regulates the height of the structure in the Z direction.
- the position in the Z direction of the central portion of the structure in which the reflective portion is formed, or the position in the Z direction of the support structure is variable,
- the peripheral part of the structure in which the reflection part is formed is in contact with the support structure in accordance with the change of the position of the central part in the Z direction or the position of the support structure in the Z direction.
- the present invention by providing a support structure between the substrate and the structure, relative movement between the peripheral portion of the structure on which the reflective portion is formed and the substrate can be facilitated.
- the height in the Z direction of the peripheral portion of the structure on which the reflection portion is formed can be defined, the concave mirror shape of the reflection portion due to elastic deformation can be ensured with high accuracy.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 3, wherein the position in the Z direction of the central portion of the structure in which the reflecting portion is formed is variable, and the center The structure in which the reflecting portion is formed by moving the peripheral portion of the structure in which the reflecting portion is formed in contact with the support structure in accordance with changing the position of the portion in the Z direction.
- the body is elastically deformed to obtain a concave mirror structure.
- a concave mirror structure can be easily obtained by displacing the central portion of the reflecting portion in the Z direction, and the curvature of a large number of solar light collecting mirrors can be obtained from the heat collecting portion. Easy to set according to the distance.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the shape of the support structure is the center of the structure when viewed from the Z direction. It is the shape arrange
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the support structure is centered on the central portion of the structure when viewed from the Z direction. It is characterized by having a ring shape.
- the support structure By making the support structure a ring-shaped structure, when the relative position in the Z direction between the central part and the peripheral part is changed, a beautiful concave curved surface with particularly little distortion can be formed, greatly improving the light collection efficiency. This is preferable because it can be performed.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the reflecting portion is a film mirror.
- Film mirrors are advantageous in that they are lightweight, easy to handle and inexpensive, but they are inferior in flatness compared to ordinary glass mirrors, and if used as a plane mirror, sufficient light collection efficiency may not be obtained.
- the film mirror is fixed to the surface of the elastically deformable structure to be elastically deformed into a concave shape, so that sufficient light collection efficiency can be obtained even if the film mirror has poor flatness. Obtainable. Accordingly, the present invention can compensate for the disadvantage that the flatness is relatively low while taking advantage of the light weight and low cost of the film mirror.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 8 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reflecting portion is a thin glass mirror.
- Thin glass mirrors are relatively expensive compared to film mirrors, but depending on the thickness of the glass, the glass mirror itself has a certain degree of rigidity. Therefore, even if it is not fixed to the structure like a film mirror, it is elastically deformed alone. Thus, a concave mirror structure can be obtained. However, when the glass thickness of the thin glass mirror is very thin, it may be fixed to the surface of the structure.
- the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 9 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solar light collecting mirror is a solar power generation mirror. *
- the solar thermal power generation system according to claim 10 has at least one heat collecting part and the solar light collecting mirror according to claim 9, wherein the solar light collecting mirror reflects sunlight. And irradiating the heat collecting part. Thereby, an inexpensive solar thermal power generation system can be formed.
- a solar power generation system is the invention according to the tenth aspect, wherein a plurality of the solar light collecting mirrors are arranged around the heat collecting portion, and from the heat collecting portion, respectively.
- the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion of the reflecting portion and the peripheral portion of the reflecting portion is set according to the distance to the solar light collecting mirror. Since the curvature can be easily set according to the distance from the heat collecting part by using the solar light collecting mirror of the present invention, the adjustment is easy.
- the solar power generation system according to claim 12 is the invention according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the shortest distance among the distances between the heat collecting part and the solar light collecting mirror is 10 m or more. It is characterized by. That is, by using the solar light collecting mirror of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently collect sunlight, particularly with respect to a heat collecting part located far away.
- the solar light collecting mirror has at least a reflecting portion, and preferably further has a structure. Furthermore, it is more preferable to have a substrate and a support structure. In the central part of the reflection part, the positions of the reflection part in the X direction and the Y direction are fixed. At this time, it is preferable that the position of the center part of a reflection part is fixed to a board
- the solar light collecting mirror is preferably a solar power generation mirror.
- the fixing member include a screw, a spacer, a magnet, and an adhesive.
- the fixing member may penetrate the structure and be fixed to the substrate, but is preferably fixed to the substrate without penetrating the reflecting portion. More preferably, the fixing member is not exposed at all on the surface of the reflecting portion. More specifically, when the fixing member is a screw or a spacer and has a structure in which the reflecting portion is formed, the fixing member penetrates the structure and fixes the structure to the substrate, and the reflecting portion is the fixing member.
- the fixing member does not penetrate the reflecting portion, and the fixing member (a screw head of the screw or a part of the spacer) is not exposed in the shape of the reflecting portion. Since the fixing member does not penetrate the reflecting portion, it is possible to prevent the penetrating portion end surface of the reflecting portion from being exposed to the outside air and to be deteriorated, and to prevent distortion near the penetrating portion of the reflecting portion. Furthermore, since the fixing member is not exposed at all on the surface of the reflecting portion, the entire surface of the reflecting portion can be used for sunlight reflection, so that the light collection efficiency can be improved.
- the fixed member may have a movable part.
- the fixing member has a movable portion between a portion that contacts the substrate and a portion that contacts the reflecting portion or the structure, and gives flexibility to the positional relationship between the substrate and the reflecting portion or the structure. Also good.
- the central portion of the reflection portion or the structure is fixed in the X direction and the Y direction in principle, but may be moved slightly in the X direction and the Y direction. With such a configuration, the possibility of obtaining a smoother curved surface can be increased.
- the “X direction” and the “Y direction” are directions parallel to the plane of the reflecting portion as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal to each other.
- the “center portion” here refers to a portion in the vicinity of the center point when viewed from the surface vertical direction of the reflecting portion. A portion near the center of gravity is preferable.
- the central portion preferably has an area of 10% or less of the total area of the structure surface.
- the relative position in the Z direction between the central part and the peripheral part of the reflecting part is variable.
- the “Z direction” is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the reflecting portion as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the position of the central part may be fixed in the Z direction
- the position of the peripheral part may be variable in the Z direction
- the position of the peripheral part may be regulated in the Z direction
- the position of the central part may be variable in the Z direction.
- the position of the peripheral part and the position of the central part may be variable in the Z direction.
- the position of the peripheral part is regulated in the Z direction
- the position of the central part is variable in the Z direction.
- the following is given as an example of “regulating in the Z direction”.
- the peripheral part must be It is possible to prevent the height in the Z direction from becoming lower than the height of the support structure.
- the position in the Z direction may change while moving in the X and Y directions. This is not excluded. That is, “regulating in the Z direction” does not mean fixing in the Z direction.
- a mechanism for moving a screw, a spacer, a magnet, or the like provided in the reflection portion or the central portion of the structure in the Z direction manually or by an actuator can be considered.
- a screw that passes through the central part of the substrate and the central part of the reflective part or structure can be provided, and the position of the central part of the reflective part or structural body can be changed in the Z direction according to the amount of tightening the screw. Accordingly, the curvature of the concave mirror can also be changed.
- the fixing member described above may also serve as means for changing the position in the Z direction.
- a support structure to be described later may also serve as means for changing the position in the Z direction.
- the diameter of the reflecting portion is 1 m or more, it is preferable to have an elastic member that applies a force in the light incident side direction in the Z-axis direction (the direction opposite to the concave direction) in the vicinity of the center portion.
- the diameter of the reflection part means the diameter of an inscribed circle when the reflection part is viewed from the Z direction when the reflection part is not circular.
- the positions in the X and Y directions are not fixed in the reflection part or the peripheral part of the structure.
- the reflective portion is changed when the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion is changed.
- the peripheral part may slide on the support structure while moving.
- a concave mirror structure can be obtained by elastically deforming the reflecting portion or the structure and changing the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion. Further, the concave mirror structure can be a beautiful curved surface. Furthermore, it can be made into the shape with high condensing efficiency which has a paraboloid or substantially paraboloid shape. Further, since the peripheral portion is not fixed, it is possible to prevent the peripheral portion from being distorted when the relative position in the Z direction between the central portion and the peripheral portion is changed to make the reflecting member into a concave mirror shape.
- the “reflecting part” is a member that can reflect sunlight and can be elastically deformed.
- a thick glass mirror, a thin glass mirror, a film mirror, etc. are mentioned as an example of a reflection part.
- the glass is preferably elastically deformable.
- the reflecting portion is a film mirror or a thin glass mirror, it is preferably fixed to an elastically deformable structure.
- the preferred Young's modulus of the reflecting portion is 1 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less. More preferably, it is 10 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less, More preferably, it is 50 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less.
- One reflection part may be sufficient and it may be divided
- the central portion of the reflecting portion is preferably near the center in the case of a circle, near the intersection of diagonal lines in the case of a square shape, and near the intersection of diagonal lines in the case of a regular hexagon.
- “Film mirror” refers to a film-like mirror in which a reflective layer is provided on a film-like resin substrate.
- the thickness of the film is 50 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 70 to 250 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 100 to 220 ⁇ m. It is preferable to set the thickness to 50 ⁇ m or more because when the film mirror is attached to the structure, it is easy to obtain good regular reflectance without bending the mirror. Moreover, since it becomes easy to handle by making it 400 micrometers or less, it is preferable.
- the thickness from the surface of the film mirror to the reflective layer is preferably 0.2 mm or less as the reflective part of the solar light collecting mirror used in the tower type solar power generation system. The reason will be described in detail below.
- the incident angle of sunlight incident on the film mirror may become large in the morning or evening. (For example, 45 degrees or more)
- a surface layer a layer between the surface of the film mirror and the reflective layer.
- One layer may be used, or a plurality of layers may be combined with the surface layer. If it is thick, the following problems occur.
- the light A incident on the portion without the dust 100 is also transmitted through the surface layer 101 and reflected by the reflective layer 102, but the reflected light is blocked by the dust 100 because of the large incident angle. Therefore, there arises a problem that it does not contribute to the light collection efficiency.
- the surface layer is thinned to 0.2 mm or less as shown in FIG. 18A, only the light B ′ incident on the portion of the dust 100 contributes to the reduction of the light collection efficiency. It can prevent that the light reflected by the reflection layer like A in (b) contributes to the fall of condensing efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable because a decrease in light collection efficiency when dust is attached can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the surface layer is 0.2 mm or less. This is not limited to the film mirror, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.2 mm or less also in other reflective portions such as a thin glass mirror. It is preferable for the same reason as described above.
- the film mirror will be specifically described.
- the film mirror E has a polymer film layer 1, a gas barrier layer 2 made of metal oxide, a reflective layer (Ag layer) 3 made of metal, and an adhesive layer 4 in order from the sunlight side. It becomes.
- a release film 5 can be attached to the lower surface of the adhesive layer 4, and the release film 5 can be appropriately peeled off when desired to adhere to a metal plate, resin plate or laminated plate as a structure.
- the film mirror of the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and it is preferable to add various functional layers. Moreover, even if it is the said structure, functionality can be provided to each layer. Below, the aspect of another film mirror which added various functional layers is demonstrated. However, the film mirror that can be used in the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the following description, “upper” means the side on which sunlight is incident, and “lower” means the opposite side.
- an ultraviolet absorber is added to the polymer film layer 1
- the underlying gas barrier layer 2 functions as a water vapor barrier layer
- the underlying reflective layer 3 is composed of a silver vapor deposition layer. It is good also as a film mirror which has the structure which laminated
- the durability increases by adding an ultraviolet absorber to the polymer film layer.
- the film mirror 1 may be a film mirror in which a corrosion inhibitor layer (a polymer layer containing a corrosion inhibitor) is provided between the reflective layer 3 and the adhesive layer 4.
- a corrosion inhibitor layer a polymer layer containing a corrosion inhibitor
- deterioration of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide gas and salt content of the film mirror and a smooth optical surface can be provided for a long time.
- an adhesive layer and a corrosion inhibitor layer are laminated in order from the side where sunlight enters between the gas barrier layer 2 and the reflective layer 3, and further, a high layer is formed between the reflective layer 3 and the adhesive layer 4. It is good also as a film mirror which provided the molecular film layer.
- the film mirror 2 may be a film mirror in which a hard coat layer and a polymer film layer are laminated in order from the sunlight incident side instead of the polymer film layer 1 to which an ultraviolet absorber is added.
- the hard coat layer preferably contains an ultraviolet absorber or the like.
- the film mirror 4 may be a film mirror in which an ultraviolet reflecting layer is provided on the polymer film layer instead of the hard coat layer.
- the film mirror 2 may be a film mirror provided with a sacrificial anticorrosive layer instead of the corrosion inhibitor layer.
- the film material of the polymer film layer preferably contains, for example, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyolefin, cellulose, or polyamide from the viewpoint of flexibility and weight reduction.
- an acrylic copolymer excellent in weather resistance and particularly copolymerized with at least two kinds of acrylic monomers is preferable.
- acrylic copolymers include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate.
- One or more monomers selected from monomers having no functional group in the side chain such as alkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclohexyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
- alkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclohexyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
- monomers selected from monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, etc.
- a monomer having a functional group such as OH or COOH in the side chain of the mer (hereinafter referred to as a functional monomer) or a combination of two or more thereof, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, bulk Examples include acrylic copolymers having a weight average molecular weight of 40,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 100,000 to 400,000, obtained by copolymerization by a polymerization method such as a polymerization method.
- Tg polymer such as ethylhexyl methacrylate
- mass% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, itacone
- Acrylic polymers such as the functional monomer contains 0 to 10% by weight of an equal is most preferred.
- the shape of the film may be a shape required as a surface covering material for various film mirrors such as a flat surface, a diffusion surface, a concave surface, a convex surface, and a trapezoid.
- the thickness of the polymer film layer is preferably 10 to 125 ⁇ m. If it is thinner than 10 ⁇ m, the tensile strength and tear strength tend to be weak, and if it is thicker than 125 ⁇ m, the average reflectance in the range of 1600 nm to 2500 nm is less than 80%.
- the surface of the polymer film layer may be subjected to corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment or the like in order to improve adhesion with a metal oxide layer, a hard coat layer, a dielectric coating layer, or the like.
- the polymer film layer preferably contains any one of benzotriazole, benzophenone, triazine, cyanoacrylate, and polymer type UV absorbers.
- UV absorber As the ultraviolet absorber used for the polymer film layer, an ultraviolet absorbent having a wavelength of 370 nm or less and excellent absorption of ultraviolet rays and having a small absorption of visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more is preferable from the viewpoint of utilization of sunlight.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, nickel complex compounds, triazine compounds, and the like. Compounds, benzotriazole-based compounds and triazine-based compounds with little coloring are preferred. Further, ultraviolet absorbers described in JP-A Nos. 10-182621 and 8-337574, and polymer ultraviolet absorbers described in JP-A Nos. 6-148430 and 2003-113317 may be used.
- benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers include 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzo Triazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5 Chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′-(3 ′′, 4 ′′, 5 ′′, 6 ′′ -tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl) -5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol), 2- (2'-hydroxy 3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2'-
- TINUVIN 171, TINUVIN 900, TINUVIN 928, TINUVIN 360 (all manufactured by Ciba Japan), LA31 (manufactured by ADEKA), RUVA-100 ( Otsuka Chemical).
- benzophenone compounds include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone, bis (2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-) 5-benzoylphenylmethane) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- Gas barrier layer made of metal oxide examples include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or a composite oxide starting from silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide, and the like. From the viewpoint of water vapor barrier properties, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or a composite oxide starting from silicon and aluminum is preferable.
- a multilayer film in which a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.35 to 1.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm and a high refractive index film having a refractive index of 1.85 to 2.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm are alternately laminated. Also good.
- Examples of the low refractive index film material include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride.
- Examples of the high refractive index film material include niobium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, and zirconium oxide. These are formed by a vacuum process such as a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method) such as ion plating, or a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method).
- the thickness of the gas barrier layer made of a metal oxide is preferably in the range of 5 to 800 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 to 300 nm.
- a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer thus obtained by producing a gas barrier layer on a polymer film, or a composite oxide layer using silicon oxide and aluminum oxide as a starting material is oxygen, carbon dioxide, air, etc. Excellent barrier action against gas or water vapor.
- a laminate of a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer, or a composite oxide layer starting from silicon oxide or aluminum oxide and a polymer film has a water vapor permeability of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 at 40 ° C. and 90% RH. It is preferable that it is below g / m ⁇ 2 > * 24h.
- the water vapor transmission rate can be measured with a water vapor transmission rate measuring device PERMATRAN-W3-33 manufactured by MOCON.
- the silicon oxide layer or the aluminum oxide layer, or the composite oxide layer using silicon oxide and aluminum oxide as a starting material has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, and the average value of each light transmittance is 90% or more. It is preferable. Thereby, there is no light loss and sunlight can be reflected efficiently.
- the ratio of the thickness of the gas barrier layer made of the polymer film layer and the metal oxide is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 5%.
- the ratio is larger than 0.1%, that is, when the thickness of the gas barrier layer with respect to the polymer film is increased, it is preferable because sufficient gas barrier properties can be obtained and the function of suppressing the progress of deterioration is exhibited.
- the ratio is less than 5%, that is, when the thickness of the gas barrier layer with respect to the polymer film becomes thin, even when an external bending force is applied, the metal oxide is hard to crack, resulting in gas barrier properties and progress of deterioration. This is preferable because the function of suppressing the above is exhibited.
- the reflective layer made of metal for example, silver or a silver alloy, gold, copper, aluminum, or an alloy thereof can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use silver.
- a reflective layer serves as a reflective film that reflects light.
- the reflective layer a film made of silver or a silver alloy, the reflectance of the film mirror from the infrared region to the visible light region can be increased, and the dependency of the reflectance on the incident angle can be reduced. From the infrared region to the visible light region means a wavelength region of 2500 to 400 nm.
- the incident angle means an angle with respect to a line (normal line) perpendicular to the film surface.
- the silver alloy is composed of silver and one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, tin, gallium, indium, copper, titanium, and bismuth from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the reflective layer. Alloys are preferred.
- gold is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of high temperature humidity resistance and reflectance.
- the reflective layer is a film made of a silver alloy
- 90 to 99.8 atomic percent of silver is preferable in the total (100 atomic percent) of silver and other metals in the reflective layer.
- the other metal is preferably 0.2 to 10 atomic% from the viewpoint of durability.
- the film thickness of the reflective layer is preferably 60 to 300 nm, particularly preferably 80 to 200 nm.
- the thickness of the reflective layer is larger than 60 nm, it is preferable because the film thickness is sufficient, light is not transmitted, and the reflectance in the visible light region of the film mirror can be sufficiently secured.
- the reflectance increases in proportion to the film thickness up to about 200 nm, but it does not depend on the film thickness above 200 nm. Rather, it is preferable that the thickness of the reflective layer is less than 300 nm, because the surface of the reflective layer is less likely to be uneven, and light scattering is less likely to occur, so that the reflectance in the visible light region does not decrease.
- Film mirrors are required to be glossy, but the method of making and bonding metal foils loses gloss due to surface irregularities. For film mirrors that require uniform surface roughness over a wide area, metal foil lamination is not preferred as a manufacturing method.
- the reflective layer made of metal is preferably formed by wet plating or dry plating such as vacuum deposition. Or you may make it apply
- the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and for example, any of a dry laminating agent, a wet laminating agent, a heat sealing agent, a hot melt agent, and the like is used.
- polyester resin, urethane resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, nitrile rubber, etc. are used.
- the laminating method is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferable to carry out continuously by a roll method from the viewpoint of economy and productivity.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is usually selected from the range of about 1 to 50 ⁇ m. When the thickness is larger than 1 ⁇ m, a sufficient adhesive effect can be obtained. On the other hand, when the thickness is less than 50 ⁇ m, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not too thick and the drying rate is not slowed, which is efficient. In addition, the original adhesive strength can be obtained, and no adverse effects such as residual solvent can occur.
- the release film preferably has a base material and a release agent layer provided on the base material.
- the outer surface of the release film has high smoothness.
- the release agent constituting the release film include silicone resins, long-chain alkyl resins, fluorine resins, fluorosilicone resins, long-chain alkyl-modified alkyd resins, silicone-modified alkyd resins, and the like. .
- silicone resin when used as a material for the release agent, more excellent release properties are exhibited.
- silicone resin any of addition type, condensation type, solventless type and the like can be used.
- the average thickness of the release agent constituting the release film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the release agent layer is larger than the lower limit, the function as the release agent layer can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the average thickness of the release agent layer is smaller than the above upper limit value, it is preferable that when the release film is wound into a roll, blocking does not easily occur and no trouble occurs in feeding.
- the corrosion inhibitor layer functions to prevent discoloration of a reflective layer made of metal (specifically, an Ag layer).
- a thioether, thiol, Ni organic compound, benzotriazole, imidazole, oxazole, tetra Examples include Zaindene, pyrimidine, and thiadiazole.
- the corrosion inhibitor layer is roughly classified into a corrosion inhibitor having an adsorption group with silver and an antioxidant. Specific examples of these corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants are given below.
- Corrosion inhibitors having an adsorption group with silver include amines and derivatives thereof, products having a pyrrole ring, products having a triazole ring, products having a pyrazole ring, products having a thiazole ring, products having an imidazole ring, indazole It is desirable to be selected from a ring-containing product, a copper chelate compound, a thiourea, a product having a mercapto group, at least one naphthalene-based compound, or a mixture thereof.
- amines and derivatives thereof include ethylamine, laurylamine, tri-n-butylamine, o-toluidine, diphenylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2N- Dimethylethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, acetamide, acrylamide, benzamide, p-ethoxychrysoidine, dicyclohexylammonium nitrite, dicyclohexylammonium salicylate, monoethanolamine benzoate, dicyclohexylammonium benzoate, diisopropyl Ammonium benzoate, diisopropylammonium nitrite , Cyclohexylamine carbamate, nitronaphthalene nitrite, cyclohexylamine benzoate, dicyclohexyl
- Examples of the compound having a pyrrole ring include N-butyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrole, N-phenyl-2,5dimethylpyrrole, N-phenyl-3-formyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrole, N-phenyl-3, 4-diformyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrole, etc., or a mixture thereof.
- Examples of the compound having a triazole ring include 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole, 3- Methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, Benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrotriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4- Triazole, carboxybenzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy- '-Tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy3'5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-
- Examples of the compound having a pyrazole ring include pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolone, pyrazolidine, pyrazolidone, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-methyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, 4-aminopyrazole and the like, or a mixture thereof.
- Examples of those having a thiazole ring include thiazole, thiazoline, thiazolone, thiazolidine, thiazolidone, isothiazole, benzothiazole, 2-N, N-diethylthiobenzothiazole, P-dimethylaminobenzallodanine, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, etc. Or a mixture thereof.
- Examples of compounds having an imidazole ring include imidazole, histidine, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methyl Imidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecyl Imidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydromethylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5 dihydroxymethylimidazole, 4-formylimidazole, 2-methyl-4-formylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-phospho Myrimidazole, 4-methyl-5-formylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4
- Examples of the compound having an indazole ring include 4-chloroindazole, 4-nitroindazole, 5-nitroindazole, 4-chloro-5-nitroindazole, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
- copper chelate compounds include acetylacetone copper, ethylenediamine copper, phthalocyanine copper, ethylenediaminetetraacetate copper, hydroxyquinoline copper, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
- thioureas examples include thiourea, guanylthiourea, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
- mercaptoacetic acid thiophenol, 1,2-ethanediol, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-3-mercapto are added if the above-mentioned materials are added.
- naphthalene-based compounds examples include thionalide.
- antioxidant As the antioxidant that can be used in the corrosion inhibitor layer according to the present invention, it is preferable to use a phenol-based antioxidant, a thiol-based antioxidant, and a phosphite-based antioxidant.
- phenolic antioxidants include 1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-t- Butylphenol), tetrakis- [methylene-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-t-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4 '-Thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1,3,5-tris (3', 5'-di-t -Butyl-4'-hydroxybenzyl) -S-tri
- the phenolic antioxidant preferably has a molecular weight of 550 or more.
- the thiol antioxidant include distearyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol-tetrakis- ( ⁇ -lauryl-thiopropionate), and the like.
- the phosphite antioxidant include tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, di (2,6-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol.
- Diphosphite bis- (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) -pentaerythritol diphosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) 4,4′-biphenylene-diphosphonite 2,2′-methylenebis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) octyl phosphite and the like.
- An example of a method for producing a film mirror is an example in which a reflective layer made of metal is formed on the surface of a polymer film layer, and a corrosion inhibitor layer is further laminated thereon. After laminating the adhesive layer and the release film on the lower surface of the polymer film layer, an adhesive layer can be formed on the surface of the polymer film layer, that is, on the corrosion inhibitor layer.
- a gas barrier layer may be formed on the surface under another polymer film layer, and the gas barrier layer of another polymer film layer and the adhesive layer of the polymer film layer may be faced to each other and manufactured. .
- Adhesive layer As an adhesive layer, it consists of resin and adheres a film and the above-mentioned polymer film layer containing a ultraviolet absorber. Therefore, the adhesive layer needs to have a closeness and transparency in order to bring out the high reflection performance inherently possessed by the reflective layer made of a metal, and the adhesiveness for closely adhering the film and the ultraviolet absorber-containing polymer film layer.
- the resin used for the adhesive layer is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions of adhesion, heat resistance, and smoothness.
- Polyester resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyamide Resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer resin or the like, or a mixed resin thereof can be used. From the viewpoint of weather resistance, a polyester resin and a melamine resin mixed resin are preferable. It is more preferable to use a thermosetting resin mixed with a curing agent.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 0.01 ⁇ m, the adhesiveness is deteriorated and there is no effect of forming an adhesive layer, and it is difficult to cover the unevenness on the surface of the film substrate, and the smoothness is deteriorated. Even if the thickness is greater than 3 ⁇ m, improvement in adhesion cannot be expected, and on the contrary, unevenness of coating may cause poor smoothness or insufficient curing of the adhesive layer, which is not preferable.
- a method for forming the adhesive layer conventionally known coating methods such as a gravure coating method, a reverse coating method, and a die coating method can be used.
- a hard coat layer can be provided as the outermost layer of the film mirror.
- the hard coat layer is provided for preventing scratches.
- the hard coat layer can be composed of acrylic resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, organic silicate compound, silicone resin, and the like.
- silicone resins and acrylic resins are preferable in terms of hardness and durability. Further, in terms of curability, flexibility, and productivity, those made of an active energy ray-curable acrylic resin or a thermosetting acrylic resin are preferable.
- the active energy ray-curable acrylic resin or thermosetting acrylic resin is a composition containing a polyfunctional acrylate, an acrylic oligomer, or a reactive diluent as a polymerization curing component.
- Acrylic oligomers include polyester acrylates, urethane acrylates, epoxy acrylates, polyether acrylates, etc., including those in which a reactive acrylic group is bonded to an acrylic resin skeleton, and rigid materials such as melamine and isocyanuric acid. A structure in which an acrylic group is bonded to a simple skeleton may be used.
- the reactive diluent has a function of a solvent in the coating process as a medium of the coating agent, and has a group that itself reacts with a monofunctional or polyfunctional acrylic oligomer. It becomes a copolymerization component.
- polyfunctional acrylic cured paints include Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (trade name “Diabeam (registered trademark)” series, etc.), Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd. (trade name “Denacol (registered trademark)” series, etc. ), Shin-Nakamura Co., Ltd. (trade name “NK Ester” series, etc.), Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd .; (trade name “UNIDIC (registered trademark)” series, etc.), Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (trade name) ("Aronix (registered trademark)” series, etc.), Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.
- various additives can be further blended as necessary.
- stabilizers such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, surfactants, leveling agents, antistatic agents, and the like can be used.
- ⁇ Leveling agents are effective in reducing surface irregularities, especially when functional layers are applied.
- a dimethylpolysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer for example, SH190 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.
- SH190 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. is suitable as the silicone leveling agent.
- the ultraviolet reflection layer is a layer that reflects ultraviolet light and transmits visible light and infrared light.
- the ultraviolet reflection layer preferably has an average reflectance of 75% or more for electromagnetic waves (ultraviolet rays) of 300 nm to 400 nm.
- the ultraviolet reflective layer preferably has an average transmittance of 80% or more for electromagnetic waves (visible light and infrared light) of 400 nm to 2500 nm.
- the film mirror Since the film mirror has a polymer film layer on the side of the metal reflective layer where sunlight is incident and the sunlight that has passed through the polymer film layer is reflected by the metal reflective layer, the polymer film layer always reflects sunlight. Be exposed. Therefore, by disposing the ultraviolet reflecting layer on the side of the polymer film layer on which sunlight is incident, it is possible to prevent deterioration and discoloration of the polymer film layer due to ultraviolet rays, and to reduce the light transmittance of the polymer film layer. Therefore, it becomes possible to reduce the reflectance drop of the film mirror.
- the ultraviolet reflecting layer on the side of the polymer film layer on which sunlight is incident, it is possible to reduce a decrease in moisture resistance of the polymer film layer due to deterioration of the polymer film layer due to ultraviolet rays of sunlight. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the metal reflective layer from being deteriorated due to the deterioration of the moisture resistance of the polymer film layer, so that it is possible to reduce the reflectance drop of the film mirror.
- the ultraviolet reflecting layer is not particularly limited, but a dielectric multilayer film composed of alternating layers of two or more kinds of dielectric substances having different refractive indexes can be used.
- the dielectric multilayer film according to the present invention is preferably configured by alternately stacking a high refractive index dielectric layer and a low refractive index dielectric layer in an amount of 2 to 6 layers alternately.
- the scratch resistance of a dielectric multilayer film can be improved by using a multilayer structure in which dielectric layers are stacked.
- the high refractive index dielectric layer preferably has a refractive index of 2.0 to 2.6.
- the low refractive index dielectric layer preferably has a refractive index of 1.8 or less.
- the dielectric layer of high refractive index can be preferably used SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 as a dielectric layer of ZrO 2, TiO 2 the low refractive index.
- TiO 2 can be used more preferably as the high refractive index dielectric layer used in the present invention, and SiO 2 can be used more preferably as the low refractive index dielectric layer.
- TiO 2 is used on the outermost surface of the ultraviolet reflecting layer, that is, the outermost surface of the film mirror, as a dielectric material having a high refractive index, the anti-staining effect on the mirror surface due to the photocatalytic effect of TiO 2 can be obtained. It is possible to reduce the decrease in the reflectance of the film mirror caused by the above.
- the film mirror may have a sacrificial anticorrosive layer.
- the sacrificial anticorrosive layer is a layer that protects the metal reflective layer by sacrificial anticorrosion, and disposing the sacrificial anticorrosive layer between the metal reflective layer and the protective layer can improve the corrosion resistance of the metal reflective layer. it can.
- As the sacrificial anticorrosive layer copper having a higher ionization tendency than silver is preferable. By providing the sacrificial anticorrosive layer of copper under the reflective layer made of silver, deterioration of silver can be suppressed.
- the film mirror can be manufactured, for example, by the following process.
- Step 1 A biaxially stretched polyester film (polyethylene terephthalate film, thickness 60 ⁇ m) is prepared as a polymer film layer (base material), placed inside the vapor deposition machine, and the inside of the vapor deposition machine is evacuated by a vacuum pump.
- a feeding device for feeding out a polymer film wound in a roll shape
- a winding device for taking up the polymer film deposited on the polymer film by vapor deposition.
- a large number of rolls are arranged between the feeding device and the winding device so as to respectively guide the film, and are driven to rotate in synchronization with the polymer film travel by the driving means.
- a metal oxide deposition nucleus evaporation source is disposed at a position facing the upstream portion in the running direction of the polymer film layer.
- the deposition nuclear evaporation source is for depositing metals such as Si, Al, Ag, Cu, etc. on polymer films.
- Metal vapor is generated by vacuum deposition or the like, and the metal is uniformly distributed over the entire width of the film.
- An oxide vapor deposition film and a metal vapor deposition film are formed.
- Step 3 A polyester-based adhesive is applied to the surface of the metal vapor deposition film produced in step 2 to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m. Not only the above-mentioned production order but also a corrosion inhibitor effective for preventing metal deterioration after step 2 may be applied, and a sacrificial anticorrosive layer, for example, Cu may also be deposited to prevent metal deterioration.
- a corrosion inhibitor effective for preventing metal deterioration after step 2 may be applied, and a sacrificial anticorrosive layer, for example, Cu may also be deposited to prevent metal deterioration.
- thin glass mirror refers to a mirror in which a reflective layer is provided on a thin glass substrate.
- the thickness of the glass is preferably 25 to 1500 ⁇ m.
- the thin glass mirror can be directly attached to the substrate without providing a structure, but may be attached to the substrate after being fixed to the structure.
- the “structure” can be elastically deformed, and the reflection portion is formed on the surface thereof.
- a reflective part such as a film mirror or a thin glass mirror may be fixed to the surface of the structure with an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the Young's modulus of the preferable structure is 1 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less. More preferably, it is 10 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less, More preferably, it is 50 GPa or more and 250 GPa or less. It is preferable that the Young's modulus is higher than that of the “reflecting part”.
- the structure is preferably a flat surface with a smooth surface in order to form a reflective portion on the surface.
- a reflection part and / or a structure are the whole, or it is substantially equal thickness.
- the overall rigidity of the structure is equal or substantially equal.
- the shape viewed from the direction perpendicular to the structure surface is preferably a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape such as a square or a rectangle, or a regular hexagonal shape. It is preferable that the shape and size of the structure viewed from the surface orthogonal direction are the same as the shape and size of the reflecting portion viewed from the surface orthogonal direction.
- the structure may have a single plate shape or a shape in which a plurality of plates made of different materials are stacked. Since the mirror is fixed to the surface of the structure, the surface of the structure is preferably flat.
- the structure may be a single structure or may be divided into a plurality of structures.
- a wooden board such as aluminum, FRP, stainless steel (SUS), steel sheet, resin, plywood (preferably waterproofed), or the like can be used.
- a resin plate, a honeycomb core or a honeycomb structure sandwiched between aluminum plates, or a laminate in which a resin plate, a honeycomb core or a honeycomb structure is sandwiched between stainless plates may be used.
- the resin plate may be a foamed resin.
- the thickness of the structure is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably It is 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the structure may be 5 mm or more and 40 mm or less. Preferably, it is 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the thickness of the structure is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, more preferably It is 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
- the thickness of the structure may be 2 mm or more and 30 mm or less. Preferably, it is 4 mm or more and 15 mm or less. Further, in the case where the structure is made of a resin and the diameter when the structure is viewed from the Z direction is 1 m or less, the thickness of the structure is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 20 mm or less, more preferably It is 0.3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
- the thickness of the structure may be 10 mm or more and 90 mm or less. Preferably, it is 20 mm or more and 40 mm or less. Further, in the case where the structure is made of a laminate as described above, and the diameter when the structure is viewed from the Z direction is 1 m or less, the thickness of the structure is 0.2 mm or more and 15 mm or less. Preferably, it is 0.3 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the thickness of the structure is 4 mm or more and 50 mm or less. It is preferable, More preferably, they are 5 mm or more and 40 mm or less.
- the diameter of the structure means the diameter of an inscribed circle when the reflecting portion is viewed from the Z direction when the reflecting portion is not circular.
- the center of the structure is preferably in the vicinity of the center in the case of a circle, near the intersection of diagonal lines in the case of a square shape, and in the vicinity of the intersection of diagonal lines in the case of a regular hexagon.
- “Substrate” is a member that supports the reflective portion or the structure. More specifically, it is preferable to fix the central part of the reflecting part or the structure to the substrate and fix the positions of the central part in the X direction and the Y direction.
- the surface of the substrate is preferably a smooth plane.
- the substrate preferably has a certain degree of rigidity. For example, the substrate desirably has a Young's modulus that is twice or more that of the reflecting portion or the structure. However, the position of the central portion in the Z direction may not be fixed.
- the substrate preferably has an area such that all of the support structure can be included on its surface.
- the shape viewed from the direction orthogonal to the substrate surface is preferably a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape such as a square or a rectangle, or a regular hexagonal shape. It is preferable that the shape and size seen from the surface orthogonal direction of the substrate are the same as the shape and size seen from the surface orthogonal direction of the reflecting portion or structure.
- the substrate may have a single plate shape, a shape in which a plurality of plates of different materials are stacked, or the inside has a honeycomb structure or a lattice frame for weight reduction. However, it may have a shape whose surface is covered with a thin plate.
- titanium, iron, steel, stainless steel, FRP, copper, brass or bronze, aluminum, glass, or the like can be used alone or as a composite material.
- these materials are preferably used as a plate material so that a hollow structure such as a honeycomb structure is sandwiched between them, thereby promoting weight reduction.
- the honeycomb structure can be formed by processing aluminum, resin, paper or the like. More specific examples of substrates include a honeycomb structure sandwiched between two aluminum alloy plates, a foam layer sandwiched between two aluminum alloy plates, and a honeycomb structure sandwiched between two FRP boards Examples include an aluminum alloy plate and an FRP board sandwiching a honeycomb structure, and a stainless steel plate sandwiching a honeycomb structure.
- “Support structure” refers to a structure provided between a substrate and a reflection portion or a structure and in contact with the periphery of the reflection portion or the structure at three or more points or in a circumferential shape.
- the support structure is preferably fixed to the substrate.
- a support structure does not fix a reflection part or a structure, but regulates the height of a Z direction.
- As a preferable shape of the support structure there are a circumferential shape, a square shape, a plurality of convex portions having three or more points, and the like. When it is set as a some convex part, it is preferable that the distance between adjacent convex parts is respectively equal.
- the support structure has the same height from the substrate.
- the shape of the support structure is preferably a shape arranged at an equal distance from the center of the structure when viewed from the Z direction.
- the shape of the support structure is a ring shape centered on the center of the structure when viewed from the Z direction. Therefore, the most preferable support structure is a ring-like shape arranged at the peripheral portion on the substrate, and is circularly arranged at the same distance from the central portion with the same height from the substrate.
- the support structure is preferably an inscribed circle of the reflecting portion, the structure, or the substrate.
- a length B from the reflecting portion center to the inner periphery of the support structure and a length from the extension to the outer periphery of the reflecting portion.
- the ratio of A to A / B is preferably 1/8 or more and 1/100 or less. More preferably, it is 1/20 or more and 1/50 or less.
- the circumferential support structure such as a circular shape or a square shape
- various cross-sectional shapes in the Z direction can be used.
- FIGS. 2 (a) to (q) A uniform cross-sectional shape in the circumferential direction can be obtained.
- the support structure be in point contact with the reflecting portion or the structure so that the reflecting portion or the structure can easily move so that the peripheral portion of the reflecting portion is not distorted. Therefore, from this viewpoint, the cross section of the support structure is preferably as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (g) and (l) to (o).
- the cross-sectional shape is a shape including at least a part of a circle or an ellipse at the top.
- the support structure has a certain degree of rigidity, for example, twice that of the reflective portion or the structure. It is desirable to have the above Young's modulus.
- the material of the support structure for example, titanium, iron, steel, stainless steel, FRP, copper, brass or bronze, aluminum, glass, rubber, silicon, Teflon (registered trademark), resin, or the like can be used.
- the surface of the support structure has a slippery shape and material.
- a static friction coefficient is 0.1 or more and 0.8 or less with respect to a support structure and the reflective part which contacts a support structure, or a structure, More preferably, 0.15 or more 0.7 or less.
- the space composed of the support structure, the substrate, and the structure is not sealed and has air permeability. If it is sealed, the structure and the reflective part may be deformed due to changes in air pressure due to outdoor temperature changes. Even if it does, it is preferable, without a structure and a reflection part deform
- the “solar thermal power generation system” has at least one heat collecting part and at least one solar light collecting mirror for reflecting sunlight and irradiating the heat collecting part. There is one that uses liquid heat to heat a liquid and turn a turbine to generate electricity. In addition, it is preferable that a plurality of solar light collecting mirrors are arranged around the heat collecting portion. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of solar light collecting mirrors are arranged in a concentric circle shape or a concentric fan shape. Moreover, it is preferable that the relative positions in the Z direction differ between the central part of the reflecting part or the structure and the peripheral part depending on the distance from the heat collecting part to each solar light collecting mirror.
- the solar of the present invention that does not reduce the light collecting efficiency while enabling the use of a lightweight film mirror.
- the effect of the light collecting mirror becomes remarkable.
- the present invention is preferably used in a tower-type (beam-down type, tower-top type, etc.) solar thermal power generation system.
- a large quasi-concave mirror may be formed by combining a plurality of quadrangular or hexagonal sunlight collecting mirrors adjacent to each other.
- a regular hexagonal shape is combined like a honeycomb structure. Since each solar light collecting mirror can be a concave mirror having an arbitrary curvature, the light collecting efficiency can be greatly improved.
- a high light collection efficiency can be obtained even in a solar thermal power generation system in which the distance from the reflector to the heat collector is a long distance of several tens of meters to several hundreds of meters, such as a tower type solar thermal power generation system.
- a solar light collecting mirror and a solar thermal power generation system using the same, which can be manufactured easily and inexpensively, and in addition, a concave mirror having various curvatures can be easily obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a solar thermal power generation system using a solar light collecting mirror according to the present invention. It is the figure which looked at the solar thermal power generation light system from the side. It is an exploded view of the sunlight condensing mirror SL.
- (A) is a top view of the solar light collecting mirror SL in one embodiment, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the solar light collecting mirror SL.
- (A) is a top view of the sunlight collecting mirror SL in another embodiment, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the sunlight collecting mirror SL.
- FIG. The vertical axis represents the light receiving area ratio
- the horizontal axis represents the distance from the mirror to the light receiving position of the reflected light. It is a figure which shows a mode that dust adhered when the surface layer of the film mirror was thick (a), and a mode that dust adhered when the surface layer of the film mirror was thin (b).
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a solar thermal power generation system using the solar light collecting mirror according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of such a solar thermal power generation light system. Although a beam-down solar power generation light system will be described here, it can also be applied to a tower-top solar power generation light system.
- a relatively large-diameter condensing mirror 11 is formed by combining a plurality of mirrors along an elliptical shape, with a reflecting surface facing downward at a predetermined height position by three support towers 12. Is retained.
- a heat exchange facility 13 having a heat collecting part 14 for converting sunlight L into heat energy is constructed below the condenser mirror 11.
- a large number of heliostats 15 are provided on the ground around the support tower 12 so as to surround the support tower 12. Light having a maximum incident irradiance of 5 kW / m 2 or more enters the condenser mirror 11.
- each heliostat 15 includes a pillar part PL planted on the ground and a sunlight collecting mirror SL attached to the upper end of the pillar part PL.
- the pillar part PL can be rotated around an axis by an actuator (not shown), and the sunlight collecting mirror SL can change the elevation angle with respect to the pillar part PL by an actuator (not shown).
- the distance of the sunlight collecting mirror SL closest to the heat exchanger is 10 m or more in terms of the optical path length.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the sunlight collecting mirror SL.
- the sunlight condensing mirror SL has a rectangular flat plate-like structure ST made of an aluminum plate that adheres a film mirror FM, which is a reflection portion, to the upper surface, and a uniform height from the center of the structure ST.
- a rectangular plate-like substrate BS sandwiching the honeycomb core HC is inserted into the opening formed in the center of each material from the upper side to the lower washer W, and the nut NT is further screwed.
- a film mirror FM is provided on the structure ST so as to cover the head of the bolt BT. That is, the bolt BT does not pass through the film mirror FM, and a part of the bolt BT is not exposed on the film mirror surface.
- circumferential grooves having the same radius may be formed.
- the normal direction of the film mirror FM that is, the axial direction of the bolt BT is defined as the Z direction
- the surface directions of the film mirror FM are defined as the X direction and the Y direction.
- FIG. 6A is a top view of an example of the sunlight collecting mirror SL
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of an example of the sunlight collecting mirror SL.
- the structural body ST to which the film mirror FM is fixed is elastically deformed by the axial force acting on the bolt BT, and the central portion C of the film mirror FM approaches the substrate BS in the Z direction.
- the peripheral portion P is restricted in the Z direction by the support structure RL, but is not restricted and fixed in the X direction and the Y direction. With the displacement of C, the peripheral portion P slides with the support structure RL to cause a relative displacement, whereby a concave mirror mirror having a substantially paraboloid can be formed.
- the displacement amount of the central portion C is determined by the relative rotation amount of the nut NT and the bolt BT and the screw lead, a concave mirror mirror having an arbitrary curvature can be formed by setting the relative rotation amount to a specified value.
- the solar light collecting mirror SL of the heliostat 15 close to the collecting mirror 11 is a concave mirror having a relatively large curvature by increasing the relative rotation amount of the nut NT and the bolt BT.
- the solar light collecting mirror SL of the heliostat 15 far from the optical mirror 11 is a concave mirror mirror having a relatively small curvature by reducing the relative rotation amount of the nut NT and the bolt BT, and has a total light collection efficiency. A good solar power generation system can be realized.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a solar light collecting mirror according to another embodiment.
- the present embodiment is different in that the film mirror FM, the structure ST, and the substrate BS are all circular, and the other configuration is the same as that of the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of a solar light collecting mirror.
- a spacer SP is inserted between the film mirror FM and the structure ST and the substrate BS.
- spacers SP having different heights are prepared in advance to obtain the desired film mirror curvature.
- the curvature of the film mirror FM can be easily adjusted. Yes.
- the central part is fixed at only one point, only the central part may be bent suddenly. Therefore, a spacer having a certain area as viewed from the Z direction may be provided.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a solar light collecting mirror.
- a spacer SP which is a magnetic material
- a film mirror FM and a structure ST are covered from above, and a magnet MG is disposed at the center.
- the magnet MG attracts the spacer SP to urge the film mirror FM and the structure ST toward the spacer SP.
- the center part of film mirror FM and structure ST approaches the substrate BS, and a concave mirror can be formed.
- the curvature of the film mirror FM can be easily adjusted by attaching a spacer SP having a height matching the curvature of the desired film mirror.
- the structure ST to which the film mirror FM is fixed is used, but a thin glass mirror may be used instead. Since the thin glass mirror has higher rigidity than the film mirror, a structure is not necessarily required.
- Example 1 Same as the structure shown in FIG. 7 (however, the outer diameter of the film mirror is 500 mm, the thickness of the aluminum structure to which the film mirror is bonded is 2 mm, and the cross section is a circle made of Teflon (registered trademark) tube)
- the support structure has a cross-sectional outer diameter of 3 mm, an aluminum honeycomb substrate (anodized) thickness of 10 mm, and is screwed in the center, provided that the screw does not penetrate the film mirror and is above the thread.
- a film mirror is provided.
- Example 2 Same as the structure shown in FIG.
- Example 6 (however, the film mirror has a square shape of 500 mm in length and 500 mm in width, and the other is the same as in Example 1)
- Comparative Example 1 A thin flat glass mirror (500 mm long, 500 mm wide square shape) is bonded to a rectangular plate-like substrate BS
- Comparative Example 2 A rectangular flat plate thick flat glass mirror (500 mm long, 500 mm wide) (Square shape) only
- Comparative Example 3 A film mirror (square shape of 500 mm length and 500 mm width) is bonded to a rectangular plate-like substrate BS
- the examination results are shown in Table 1.
- the light collection efficiency as a result of examination indicates that the light reception area ratio is 70% or more when the light collection distance is 100 m, and the triangle indicates that the light reception area ratio is 50 when the light collection distance is 100 m.
- % Indicates that the light receiving area ratio is less than 50% when the light collection distance is 100 m.
- ⁇ is light
- ⁇ is normal
- x is too heavy.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the spread of reflected light after reflecting sunlight with the concave mirror of Example 1
- FIG. 16 is reflected after reflecting sunlight with the flat mirrors of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is the figure which showed the breadth of light.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the light receiving area ratio on the vertical axis and the distance from the mirror to the light receiving position of the reflected light on the horizontal axis.
- the outer diameter of the reflecting mirror is ⁇ 500 mm, and the outer diameter of the light receiving portion is ⁇ 1000 mm. To do.
- the light collection efficiency will be described using the light receiving area ratio.
- the light receiving area ratio is (area for receiving sunlight) / (actual light receiving area). However, when this value is 1 or more, it is handled as 100%. Naturally, this value is desirably 100%. Even if the mirror shape is square, if the distance to the condensing point is long, the shape of the collected light becomes round, and the result of the light receiving area ratio is the same. However, a square shape is more practical because the amount of reflected light increases. On the other hand, since there is a possibility that the distortion can be further reduced if it is a round shape, it is possible to determine what shape is to be used according to the application and high-priority performance.
- the concave mirror of the present invention when sunlight is reflected by the concave mirror of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the area of the reflected light from expanding even if the distance is long as shown in FIG. It becomes possible to reflect sunlight efficiently. It can be seen that the light receiving area ratio becomes 100% because the distance from the mirror to the light receiving position of the reflected light is within 90 m, and the distance to the light receiving position with high light collection efficiency can be greatly increased.
- the concave mirror is an ideal paraboloid, as shown in FIG. 17, the light receiving area ratio becomes 100% because the distance between the mirror and the light receiving position of the reflected light is within 108 m. Although the distance to the light receiving position can be increased, it is difficult to finish the shape with high accuracy. On the other hand, when used in a solar thermal power generation system, since the distance between the mirror and the heat collecting part is limited, it has been found that a substantially parabolic curved surface as in the present invention can be sufficiently put into practical use.
- the concave surface has a gentle curvature compared with the ideal paraboloid, it was found that the change in the light collection efficiency with respect to the change in the incident angle is small, and it can cope with the change in the position of the sun to some extent.
- Condensing mirror 12 Support tower 13 Heat exchange facility 14 Condensing mirror 15 Heliostat BS Substrate BT Bolt C Center part FM Film mirror HC Aluminum honeycomb core L Solar MG Magnet NT Nut P Peripheral part PL Column PT1, PT2 Aluminum alloy Plate RL Support structure SL Mirror for collecting sunlight SP Spacer ST Structure W Washer
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Abstract
Description
前記反射部の前記中心部と、前記反射部の周辺部との、Z方向の相対位置が可変であり、
前記反射部の前記周辺部は、前記X方向及び前記Y方向の位置が固定されておらず、
前記反射部を弾性変形させ、前記中心部と前記周辺部との前記Z方向の相対位置を変えることにより、凹状のミラー構造を得ることを特徴とする。
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置又は、前記支持構造体の前記Z方向の位置が可変であり、
前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置又は、前記支持構造体の前記Z方向の位置を変えることに伴い、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記周辺部は前記支持構造体に接触しながら移動することにより、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体を弾性変形させ、凹状のミラー構造を得るようになっていることを特徴とする。
高分子フィルム層のフィルム材料としては、フレキシブル性や軽量化の点で、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、アクリル、ポリカーボネート、ポリオレフィン、セルロース、ポリアミドのいずれかを含むことが好ましい。これらの中で耐候性に優れ、特に、少なくとも2種以上のアクリル系モノマーを共重合したアクリル系共重合体が好適である。
高分子フィルム層に使用される紫外線吸収剤としては、波長370nm以下の紫外線の吸収能に優れており、かつ太陽光利用の観点から、波長400nm以上の可視光の吸収が少ないものが好ましい。
金属酸化物からなるガスバリア層は、酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、または酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウムを出発材料とした複合酸化物、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化インジウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化クロム等が挙げられ、特に水蒸気バリア性の観点から酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、または珪素、アルミニウムを出発材料とした複合酸化物が好ましい。そのほか波長550nmにおける屈折率が1.35から1.8の低屈折率層と、波長550nmにおける屈折率が1.85から2.8である高屈折率膜を交互に積層した多層膜であっても良い。低屈折率膜材料としては、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウムなどが挙げられる。高屈折率膜材料としては、酸化ニオブ、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化インジウム、酸化タンタル、酸化ジルコニウムなどが挙げられる。これらは真空蒸着法、スパッター法、イオンブレーティングなどのPVD法(物理蒸着法)、あるいは、CVD法(化学蒸着法)などの真空プロセスにより形成される。金属酸化物からなるガスバリア層の厚さは5~800nmの範囲が好ましく、更に好ましくは10~300nmの範囲である。
高分子フィルム層と金属酸化物からなるガスバリア層の厚みの比率は0.1%~5%の範囲であることが好ましい。比率が0.1%よりも大きいと、すなわち高分子フィルムに対するガスバリア層の厚みが厚くなると、十分なガスバリア性が得られ、劣化進行を抑える機能が発揮されるため好ましい。比率が5%よりも小さい、すなわち高分子フィルムに対するガスバリア層の厚みが薄くなると、外部からの曲げの力が加わったときでも金属酸化物にクラックが入りにくく、結果ガスバリア性が得られ、劣化進行を抑える機能が発揮されるため好ましい。
金属からなる反射層としては、例えば、銀または銀合金、その他、金、銅、アルミニウム、これらの合金も用いることができる。特に、銀を使用することが好ましい。このような反射層は、光を反射させる反射膜としての役割を果たす。反射層を銀または銀合金からなる膜とすることにより、フィルムミラーの赤外域から可視光領域での反射率を高め、入射角による反射率の依存性を低減できる。赤外域から可視光領域とは、2500~400nmの波長領域を意味する。入射角とは、膜面に対して垂直な線(法線)に対する角度を意味する。
粘着層としては、特に制限されず、例えばドライラミネート剤、ウエットラミネート剤、ヒートシール剤、ホットメルト剤などのいずれもが用いられる。例えばポリエステル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ニトリルゴムなどが用いられる。ラミネート方法は特に制限されず、例えばロール式で連続的に行うのが経済性及び生産性の点から好ましい。粘着層の厚さは通常1~50μm程度の範囲から選ばれる。厚さが1μmより大きいと充分な粘着効果が得られるため好ましく、一方50μm未満であると粘着剤層が厚すぎて乾燥速度が遅くなるということがなく、能率的である。しかも本来の粘着力が得られ、溶剤が残留するなどの弊害が生じることもない。
剥離フィルムは、基材と、基材上に設けられた剥離剤層とを有していることが好ましい。
腐食防止剤層は、金属からなる反射層(具体的にはAg層)の変色防止として機能し、例えばチオエーテル系、チオール系、Ni系有機化合物系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、イミダゾール系、オキサゾール系、テトラザインデン系、ピリミジン系、チアジアゾール系が挙げられる。
銀との吸着基を有する腐食防止剤としては、アミン類およびその誘導体、ピロール環を有する物、トリアゾール環を有する物、ピラゾール環を有する物、チアゾール環を有する物、イミダゾール環を有する物、インダゾール環を有する物、銅キレート化合物類、チオ尿素類、メルカプト基を有する物、ナフタレン系の少なくとも一種またはこれらの混合物から選ばれることが望ましい。
本発明に係る腐食防止剤層に用いることの出来る酸化防止剤としては、フェノール系酸化防止剤、チオール系酸化防止剤およびホスファイト系酸化防止剤を使用することが好ましい。フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、1,1,3-トリス(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルフェニル)ブタン、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、テトラキス-〔メチレン-3-(3’、5’-ジ-t-ブチル-4’-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート〕メタン、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール、4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、1,3,5-トリス(3’、5’-ジ-t-ブチル-4’-ヒドロキシベンジル)-S-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)トリオン、ステアリル-β-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、トリエチレングリコールビス〔3-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネー〕、3,9-ビス[1,1-ジ-メチル-2-〔β-(3-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ〕エチル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキオキサスピロ〔5,5〕ウンデカン、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン等が挙げられる。
接着層としては、樹脂からなり、フィルムと上述の紫外線吸収剤入りの高分子フィルム層とを密着するものである。従って、接着層はフィルムと紫外線吸収剤含有高分子フィルム層とを密着する密着性、及びの金属からなる反射層が本来有する高い反射性能を引き出すための平滑性、透明性が必要である。
フィルムミラーの最外層として、ハードコート層を設けることができる。ハードコート層は、傷防止のために設けられる。
フィルムミラーに紫外反射層を設けてもよい。紫外反射層は、紫外線を反射し可視光及び赤外光を透過する層のことである。紫外反射層は、300nm~400nmの電磁波(紫外線)に対する平均反射率が75%以上であることが好ましい。また、紫外反射層は、400nm~2500nmの電磁波(可視光及び赤外光)に対する平均透過率が80%以上であることが好ましい。
フィルムミラーは犠牲防食層を有していてもよい。犠牲防食層とは、金属反射層を犠牲防食により保護する層のことであり、犠牲防食層を金属反射層と保護層との間に配置することにより、金属反射層の耐食性を向上させることができる。犠牲防食層としては銀よりもイオン化傾向の高い銅が好ましく、銅の犠牲防食層は銀から成る反射層の下に設けることによって、銀の劣化を抑制することができる。
高分子フィルム層(基材)として、2軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、厚さ60μm)を準備し、蒸着機内部に配置し、蒸着機内部を真空ポンプによって真空にする。真空蒸着機内には、ロール状に巻いた高分子フィルムを繰り出す繰り出し装置と、高分子フィルムに蒸着処理を施して金属蒸着された高分子フィルムを巻き取る巻き取り装置とが配置されている。繰り出し装置と巻き取り装置との間には、フィルムをそれぞれ案内するように、ロールが多数配置され、駆動手段により高分子フィルム走行と同期して回転駆動されるようになっている。
高分子フィルム層走行方向上流側部分と対向する位置には、金属酸化物の蒸着核蒸発源が配置されている。蒸着核蒸発源は、Si、Al、Ag、Cu、等の金属を高分子フィルムに蒸着するためのものであり、真空蒸着法等により金属蒸気を発生させ、フィルムの全幅に亘って均一に金属酸化物蒸着膜および金属蒸着膜を形成する。
工程2で作製した金属蒸着膜の表面にポリエステル系の接着剤を5μm厚に塗布する。上記の作製順序に限らず、工程2の後に金属の劣化防止に効果のある腐食防止剤を塗布しても良いし、同じく金属の劣化防止に犠牲防食層、例えばCuを蒸着しても良い。
(実施例2):図6に示す構造と同様(但し、フィルムミラーは縦500mm、横500mmの正方形状であり、他は実施例1に同様)
(比較例1):矩形板状の基板BSに薄い平面ガラスミラー(縦500mm、横500mmの正方形状)を接着
(比較例2):矩形板状の厚い平面ガラスミラー(縦500mm、横500mmの正方形状)のみ
(比較例3):矩形板状の基板BSにフィルムミラー(縦500mm、横500mmの正方形状)を接着
12 支持タワー
13 熱交換施設
14 集光鏡
15 ヘリオスタット
BS 基板
BT ボルト
C 中央部
FM フィルムミラー
HC アルミハニカムコア
L 太陽光
MG 磁石
NT ナット
P 周辺部
PL 柱部
PT1,PT2 アルミ合金板
RL 支持構造体
SL 太陽光集光用ミラー
SP スペーサ
ST 構造体
W ワッシャー
Claims (12)
- 太陽光集光用ミラーであって、
弾性変形可能な反射部を有し、
前記反射部の中心部は、前記反射部のX方向及びY方向の位置が固定されており、
前記反射部の前記中心部と、前記反射部の周辺部との、Z方向の相対位置が可変であり、
前記反射部の前記周辺部は、前記X方向及び前記Y方向の位置が固定されておらず、
前記反射部を弾性変形させ、前記中心部と前記周辺部との前記Z方向の相対位置を変えることにより、凹状のミラー構造を得ることを特徴とする太陽光集光用ミラー。 - 前記太陽光集光用ミラーは弾性変形可能な構造体を有し、
前記反射部は、前記構造体の表面に形成されており、
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の中心部は、X方向及びY方向の位置が固定されており、
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記中心部と、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の周辺部との、Z方向の相対位置が可変であり、
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記周辺部は、前記X方向及び前記Y方向の位置が固定されておらず、
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体を弾性変形させ、前記中心部と前記周辺部との前記Z方向の相対位置を変えることにより、凹状のミラー構造を得ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。 - 基板と、前記基板と前記構造体との間に設けられ、前記構造体の前記周辺部に対して3点以上或いは周状に、前記構造体が相対移動可能に接触すると共に、前記構造体の前記Z方向の高さを規制する支持構造体とを有し、
前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置又は、前記支持構造体の前記Z方向の位置が可変であり、
前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置又は、前記支持構造体の前記Z方向の位置を変えることに伴い、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記周辺部は前記支持構造体に接触しながら移動することにより、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体を弾性変形させ、凹状のミラー構造を得るようになっていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。 - 前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置が可変であり、前記中心部の前記Z方向の位置を変えることに伴い、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体の前記周辺部は前記支持構造体に接触しながら移動することにより、前記反射部が形成された前記構造体を弾性変形させ、凹状のミラー構造を得ることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 前記支持構造体の形状は、Z方向から見た際に、前記構造体の前記中心部を中心とし等距離に配置された形状であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 前記支持構造体の形状は、Z方向から見た際に、前記構造体の前記中心部を中心としたリング状の形状であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 前記反射部は、フィルムミラーであることを特徴とする請求項2乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 前記反射部は、薄板ガラスミラーであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 前記太陽光集光用ミラーは、太陽熱発電用ミラーであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の太陽光集光用ミラー。
- 太陽熱発電システムであって、
少なくとも1つの集熱部と、請求項9に記載の太陽光集光用ミラーとを有し、前記太陽光集光用ミラーは、太陽光を反射して前記集熱部に照射することを特徴とする太陽熱発電システム。 - 前記集熱部の周囲に、前記太陽光集光用ミラーが複数配置されており、前記集熱部から、それぞれの前記太陽光集光用ミラーまでの距離に応じて、前記反射部の前記中心部と、前記反射部の前記周辺部との、Z方向の相対位置を設定したことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の太陽熱発電システム。
- 前記集熱部と前記太陽光集光用ミラーまでの距離のうち最も短い距離が、10m以上であることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の太陽熱発電システム。
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JP2012555797A JPWO2012105351A1 (ja) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-01-23 | 太陽光集光用ミラー及び当該太陽光集光用ミラーを有する太陽熱発電システム |
US13/979,923 US20130283793A1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-01-23 | Solar light collecting mirror and solar thermal power generation system comprising the solar light collecting mirror |
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JP2017024415A (ja) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-02-02 | ショット アクチエンゲゼルシャフトSchott AG | 加工物を表面全体で支持する一体型の支持体 |
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US9304286B1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-04-05 | Jonathan Kath | Deployable tactical room clearing mirrors |
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WO2019232917A1 (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-12 | Xu Yangxin | 曲面聚光反射镜及加工系统、聚光反射镜组和其制备方法 |
JP7434023B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2024-02-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 複層構造体 |
CN114046608B (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-06-04 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种定日镜多点面形自动调节系统及装配方法 |
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