WO2012103847A2 - 波分复用器及无源光网络系统 - Google Patents

波分复用器及无源光网络系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012103847A2
WO2012103847A2 PCT/CN2012/073595 CN2012073595W WO2012103847A2 WO 2012103847 A2 WO2012103847 A2 WO 2012103847A2 CN 2012073595 W CN2012073595 W CN 2012073595W WO 2012103847 A2 WO2012103847 A2 WO 2012103847A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
wavelength division
ports
branch
common
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PCT/CN2012/073595
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2012103847A3 (zh
Inventor
刘德坤
徐之光
林华枫
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/073595 priority Critical patent/WO2012103847A2/zh
Priority to CN201280000383.1A priority patent/CN102742198B/zh
Publication of WO2012103847A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012103847A2/zh
Publication of WO2012103847A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012103847A3/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0282—WDM tree architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0238—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-many, e.g. multicasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/0239—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-many, e.g. multicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON sharing multiple downstream wavelengths for groups of optical network units [ONU], e.g. multicasting wavelengths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to a wavelength division multiplexer and a passive optical network system.
  • Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network has information security similar to point-to-point communication and can provide huge bandwidth capacity.
  • the network includes an optical line terminal (OLT), which provides a network side interface of the optical access network and distinguishes wavelengths of multiple optical signals for transmitting downlink data; an optical network unit (Optical Network Unit, referred to as ONU) a light distribution network located on the user side and distinguishing a plurality of optical signals for transmitting uplink data; and an optical distribution network for realizing fiber distribution and connection of the OLT to the ONU, generally including an optical fiber and a wavelength division multiplexer, the wave
  • the multiplexer can be an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) or a Waveguide Grating Router (WGR).
  • the wavelength division multiplexer distributes the downstream optical signals to multiple output ports, enabling multiple users.
  • a single fiber can be shared; in the upstream direction, multiple ONU optical signals are multiplexed into one fiber.
  • the wavelengths on each branch port of the wavelength division multiplexer are different.
  • Each ONU requires a laser of a different wavelength and cannot be used universally.
  • the operator issues an ONU to the user, it must know the fiber connection of the user's home. Which port (or wavelength) of the wavelength division multiplexer is; at the same time, it also brings storage problems to operators.
  • each ONU transceiver module is wavelength-independent, and its laser emission wavelength can automatically adapt to the wavelength of the port of the connected wavelength division multiplexer, realizing any wavelength division. It can be plugged in on the multiplexer port.
  • the practical colorless light source in the industry is a self-injection-locked colorless light source.
  • a large part of WDM-PON adopts multi-level splitting network structure.
  • the OLT generates 32 optical signals of different wavelengths, multiplexes them onto the backbone fiber through an optical multiplexer, and then divides the 32 optical signals into four branches having different wavelengths through a band pass filter to complete the first-stage splitting.
  • the four branches are connected to the ONU through four wavelength division multiplexers to complete the second-level splitting.
  • the ONUs connected by the four wavelength division multiplexers require optical signals of different wavelengths, the four wavelength division multiplexers contain different center wavelengths, which causes serious warehousing problems.
  • each wavelength division multiplexing The device also needs to be connected to each branch - not to be confused, which greatly increases the probability of deployment difficulty and connection errors.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a wavelength division multiplexer and a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system including the wavelength division multiplexer, which adopt the same common multiple in the last stage optical distribution network.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer of the port and multiple branch ports realizes self-injection multi-level splitting with convenient storage and simple deployment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength division multiplexer, where the wavelength division multiplexer includes: M common ports, a first planar waveguide, an arrayed waveguide, a second planar waveguide, and N branches.
  • a port wherein the first planar waveguide has M common ports connected to the second planar waveguide by the array waveguide, and the second planar waveguide has N branch ports (M is greater than or equal to 2 and N And greater than or equal to 2), the N central wavelengths formed by the N channels formed by any one of the M common ports and the N branch ports constitute a set of wavelengths, and the M common ports
  • the wavelength sets corresponding to any one of the common ports do not overlap each other; wherein any one of the M common ports is used for input and corresponding to any one of the M public ports
  • the arrayed waveguide is configured to focus the optical signal including the
  • the second planar waveguide is configured to respectively couple the optical signals including the first common port corresponding wavelength set to different ports of the N branch ports;
  • the N branch ports are configured to output, by using different ports, optical signals having different wavelengths in the corresponding wavelength set of the first common port.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network with multi-stage splitting.
  • a system comprising: an optical line terminal, a beam splitting device, the M wavelength division multiplexers, M partial reflectors, and an optical network unit; wherein the optical line terminal is configured to generate and transmit downward Optical signals, and receiving and processing optical signals transmitted upwardly by each optical network unit;
  • the optical splitting device includes a common end and M branch ends, and the common end is connected to the optical line terminal through a trunk optical fiber, and is configured to receive an optical signal sent by the optical line terminal downward, the M branches
  • the terminals are respectively connected by different common ports of the M first-stage branch fibers and the M wavelength division multiplexers, for dividing the optical signal into M branches and respectively transmitting to the M wavelength division multiplexers
  • the N branch ports of the M wavelength division multiplexers are respectively connected to the optical network unit through N second-stage branch fibers, and are used for optical signals of one branch end of the optical splitting device received by the common port.
  • the M partial reflectors are respectively located on one of the M first-stage branch fibers, and are located close to the wavelength division multiplexer a common port;
  • the optical network unit includes a reflective wide-spectrum gain laser and an optical receiver, and the reflective wide-spectrum gain laser is connected to and connected to a branch port of the wavelength division multiplexer
  • the channel of the wavelength division multiplexer and the partial reflector connected to the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer constitute a self-injection laser; and the optical receiver is configured to receive an optical signal transmitted from the optical line terminal.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer includes M common ports and N branch ports. When connecting different common ports, the N branch ports correspond to different ones. Output wavelength set.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer having the same structure as the first-stage branch number is used, and each wavelength division multiplexer receives the difference generated by the first-level distribution network by using different common ports.
  • the optical signal of the branch solves the serious warehousing problem caused by the deployment of different AWGs in each branch of the first stage, and the connection error that is easily confused with different AWGs and branches, which facilitates storage and deployment. Self-injection of multi-level splitting.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another wavelength division multiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of another passive optical network system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of another passive optical network system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another passive optical network system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength division multiplexer 20.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer 20 includes: M common ports 204, a first planar waveguide 201, an array waveguide 203, and a second planar waveguide.
  • the first planar waveguide 201 has M common ports 204 connected to the second planar waveguide 202 through the arrayed waveguide 203
  • the second planar waveguide 202 has N branch ports 204 (M is greater than or equal to 2 and N is greater than or equal to 2), and N centers included in N channels formed by any one of the M common ports 204 and the N branch ports 205
  • M is greater than or equal to 2 and N is greater than or equal to 2
  • N is greater than or equal to 2
  • the arrayed waveguide 203 is configured to focus the optical signal including the first common port corresponding wavelength set to an input end of the second planar waveguide 202;
  • the second planar waveguide 202 is configured to respectively couple the optical signals including the first common port corresponding wavelength set to different ports of the N branch ports 205;
  • the N branch ports 205 are configured to output, by using different ports, optical signals of different wavelengths in the corresponding set of wavelengths of the first common port.
  • this embodiment uses four common ports 204 and eight branch ports 205 as an example.
  • the number of the public port 204 and the branch port 205 is not limited in this embodiment.
  • 8 The branch ports 205 correspond to different wavelengths, so the branch ports 205 corresponding to the four common ports 204 can output 32 consecutive equally spaced channel wavelengths.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer 20 may include an AWG, a WGR, or the like.
  • the four common ports 204 respectively input consecutive eight different wavelengths.
  • the first common port 204 When the first common port 204 is selected, the first common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 form a channel.
  • the center wavelengths are respectively ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2.. ⁇ 8
  • the center wavelengths of the channels formed by the second common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 are respectively ⁇ 9 to ⁇ 16 .
  • the channel wavelengths of the eight branch ports 205 are ⁇ 25 to ⁇ 32 .
  • the wavelength of light that can be output from the branch port 205 is constant.
  • the first planar waveguide 201 includes a first Roland circle, and the first Roland circle includes 4*8 channels, wherein 4 common ports are respectively disposed on the channels of the first Roland circle which are sequentially spaced by 8
  • the second planar waveguide includes a second Roland circle, and the second Roland circle includes 4*8 channels, wherein 8 branch ports are respectively disposed on 8 adjacent channels on the second Roland circle, that is, the same as above can be achieved.
  • the four common ports 204 respectively input eight wavelengths of interval 4.
  • the center wavelength of the channel formed by the first common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 In order, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 5 , ⁇ 9... ⁇ 29; when choosing the second public In the case of port 204, the central wavelength of the channel formed by the second common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 is ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 6 , ⁇ 10... ⁇ 30, and so on, when the fourth common port 204 is selected.
  • the center wavelength of the channel formed by the fourth common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 is ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 8 , ⁇ 12 . . . ⁇ 32 .
  • the wavelength of light that can be output from the branch port 205 is constant.
  • the wavelength of light that can be output from the branch port 205 is constant.
  • the composite light including ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ 32 is input from the first common port 204
  • only light of wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 5 , ⁇ 9 ... ⁇ 29 is output from the eight branch ports, respectively, when included
  • no light can be output from the eight branch ports 205.
  • the first planar waveguide 201 includes a first Roland circle, and the first Roland circle includes 4*8 channels, wherein four common ports 204 are respectively disposed on the first Roland circle and adjacent to each other.
  • the second planar waveguide includes a second Roland circle, and the second Roland circle includes 4*8 channels, wherein the 8 branch ports 205 are respectively disposed on the channels of the second Roland circle which are sequentially spaced by 4, that is, The same function as above.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer 20 provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the passive optical network system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the passive optical network system may refer to the WDM-PON system, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
  • the system includes: an optical line terminal 10, a beam splitting device 30, a plurality of wavelength division multiplexers 20, a partial partial reflector 50, and an optical network unit 40.
  • the beam splitting device 30 and the two wavelength division multiplexers 20 constitute a multi-level tree-shaped optical distribution network, which respectively performs the first-stage splitting and the second-stage splitting.
  • the optical line terminal 10 provides a downlink channel optical signal to the optical network unit 204 through a multi-stage tree-shaped optical distribution network, and receives an uplink channel optical signal transmitted from the optical network unit 40.
  • the multi-level tree-shaped optical distribution network divides the multi-mode optical signal sent by the optical line terminal 10 into a single-mode optical signal and sends it to the optical network unit 40, and receives the multi-mode optical signal sent by the optical network unit 40 into a single-mode uplink channel optical signal.
  • the optical line terminal 10 is provided.
  • the optical line terminal 10 is configured to generate and transmit an optical signal downward, and receive and process an optical signal that is sent upward by each optical network unit 40.
  • the optical line terminal 10 includes a multiplexing/solution.
  • the multiplexer 101, the second partial reflector 102, and the optical transceiver 103, the optical transceiver 103 includes a wide spectrum gain laser and an optical receiver.
  • the multiplexer/demultiplexer 101 includes a common terminal and a plurality of branch terminals, each of which is connected to a wide-spectrum gain laser, and the common terminal is connected to the trunk fiber 60 for light emitted by the wide-spectrum gain laser.
  • the signal is multiplexed and then sent down, and the second partial reflector 102 is located
  • the common side of the multiplexer/demultiplexer 101 is configured to form a self-injecting laser with a broad-spectrum gain laser and to transmit a signal modulated by the broad-spectrum gain laser downward.
  • the wide-spectrum gain laser may be a Fabry-Perot laser diode or a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier.
  • the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier RSOA is used, but this embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • the optical line termination 10 includes X optical transceivers 103-1, 103-2 103-X, depending on the number X of optical network units 40.
  • the X optical transceivers respectively include X reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOA1031-1, RSOA1031-2 RSOA1031-X, and X optical receivers Rxl031-1, Rxl031-2 Rxl031-X, which are exemplary in this embodiment 32 optical network units are provided, and the optical line terminal 10 includes 32 optical transceivers 103.
  • each broadband optical signal generates an optical signal having a specific wavelength and is multiplexed into the trunk fiber.
  • a part of the multiplexed 32 optical signals having a specific wavelength is reflected by the partial reflector 102, and then input to the transmitting light source RSOA1031 through the AWG1 shunt, and the transmitting light source RSOA 1031 receives the light of a specific wavelength.
  • the wavelength of the signal oscillates.
  • the optical splitting device 30 includes a common end and M branch ends.
  • the common end is connected to the optical line terminal 10 through a trunk optical fiber 60, and is configured to receive an optical signal sent by the optical line terminal 10 downward.
  • the M branches are respectively connected by different common ports of the M first-stage branch fibers 70 and the M wavelength division multiplexers 20, for dividing the optical signals into M branches and respectively transmitting to the M Wavelength division multiplexer 20;
  • the 32 optical signals of the specific wavelength of the AWG1 multiplexed to the trunk fiber 60 are transmitted through the trunk fiber 60 to the common end of the beam splitting device 30.
  • the optical splitting device 30 divides the optical signal into four branches, each of which includes 32 optical signals having specific wavelengths.
  • the optical splitting device 30 employs a power splitter, but the present embodiment selects the optical splitting device 30. No restrictions.
  • the N branch ports of the M wavelength division multiplexers 20 are respectively connected to the optical network unit 40 through N second-stage branch fibers 80, and are used for receiving the optical splitting device 30 of the common port.
  • the optical signal at the branch end is split into optical signals of N wavelengths and transmitted to the optical network unit 40;
  • the four branches generated by the splitting device 30 respectively pass the second-stage branch fiber 80 to the optical signal.
  • the number is transmitted to the four wavelength division multiplexers 20 of the second-stage distribution network.
  • the four wavelength division multiplexers 20 are identical in structure, and each wavelength division multiplexer 20 has four common ports and eight branch ports. When different common ports 204, the eight branch ports 205 correspond to different wavelengths, so the branch ports 205 corresponding to the four common ports 204 can output 32 consecutive equally spaced channel wavelengths.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer 20 may include an AWG, a WGR, or the like.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer 20 has the same principles and functions as those of the foregoing embodiment, and therefore will not be described herein.
  • the AWG 20 will be described as the wavelength division multiplexer 20, and the wavelength division multiplexer shown in Fig. 2 will be described as an example.
  • the four AWGs 20 receive the four optical signals with different common ports. For example, connecting the first public port of the first AWG 20-1 to the first branch of the first-level distribution network, the second common port of the second AWG 20-2, and the second of the first-level distribution network Branches are connected.
  • the fourth public port of the fourth AWG 20-4 is connected to the fourth branch of the first-level distribution network. Because different common ports 204 are employed, the channels between the common port 204 and the eight branch ports 205 correspond to different center wavelengths. Therefore, each A WG 20 divides the received optical signals into 8 channels and sends them to the optical network unit 40, and the wavelengths of the branch ports of the four AWGs 20 are different from each other. At this point, the transmission of the downlink signal is completed.
  • the M partial reflectors 50 are respectively located on one of the M first-stage branch fibers 70 and are located near a common port of the wavelength division multiplexer 20;
  • four partial reflectors 50 are respectively located on the four branches of the first stage optical distribution network and are located on the side of the common port adjacent to each AWG 20 for receiving optical signals. For example, if the first common port of the AWG 20 receives the optical signal of the first branch of the first stage optical distribution network, the partial reflector 50 is connected to the branch to which the first common port of the AWG 20 is connected.
  • the optical network unit 40 includes a reflective wide-spectrum gain laser 401 and an optical receiver 402, and the reflective wide-spectrum gain laser 401 is connected to a branch port of the wavelength division multiplexer 20, and a wavelength division connected thereto
  • the channel of the multiplexer 20 and the partial reflector 50 connected to the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer constitute a self-injection laser; the optical receiver 402 is configured to receive an optical signal transmitted from the optical line terminal 10.
  • the first public port of the first AWG 20 of the second-level optical distribution network is assumed, and the first public port is taken as an example for description, the first public port and the eight branch ports.
  • the center wavelengths of the formed channels are ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2.. ⁇ 8 , respectively.
  • the channel formed by the first common port and the first branch port is a first channel
  • the center wavelength of the first channel is ⁇ 1
  • a broad spectrum gain laser (RSOA) connected to the first channel with a center wavelength of ⁇ 1 is First, the ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) is emitted.
  • the first common port When the ASE enters the first channel of the AWG20 with the center wavelength of ⁇ 1 through the first branch port, only the light with the wavelength ⁇ 1 can pass through.
  • the first common port output the light with a wavelength other than ⁇ 1 is filtered or lost.
  • the ASE passes through the channel with the center wavelength of ⁇ 2 of the AWG 20, only the light with the wavelength ⁇ 2 can pass through the first
  • the common port output light having a wavelength other than ⁇ 2 is filtered or lost, so that the first common port outputs the multiplexed optical signal of wavelength ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2.. ⁇ 8 .
  • the multiplexed wavelength is ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ 2.
  • the optical signal of ⁇ 8 is reflected back by the mirror and then input from the first common port, wherein the optical signal of wavelength ⁇ 1 passes through the first wavelength of the center wavelength ⁇ 1
  • the channel is again injected into the broad spectrum gain laser such that multiple round trips form resonant amplification.
  • the self-injecting laser which is ultimately connected to the first channel having a central wavelength of ⁇ 1 , operates at the transmission peak wavelength, ⁇ 1 , determined by the first channel of the AWG 20-1.
  • the wavelength of the self-injection laser formed by the user connected to the first AWG 20-1 is ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ 2.. ⁇ 8 , respectively, through a branch of the beam splitting device 30 and the backbone fiber 60 reaches the AWG 1 at the OLT end, in turn Demultiplexed into the 1st, 2nd... 8th receiver on the OLT side. At this point, the transmission of the uplink signal is completed.
  • the AWG20 of the second-stage optical distribution network can have the same FSR as the AWG1 on the OLT side, the downlink can be transmitted using the FSR band of the AWG1, and then demultiplexed into the receivers of the respective ONUs by the AWG20.
  • the partial reflector 50 is connected to the second common port of the AWG 20-2, so that the lasing wavelengths are ⁇ 9 to ⁇ 16 , and so on, the last branch
  • the oscillating wavelengths of the respective ONUs are sequentially ⁇ 25 to ⁇ 32, and then demultiplexed into respective receivers by AWG1 in order, thereby realizing a self-injecting WDM- ⁇ system with two-stage splitting.
  • the respective branches of the first-stage distribution network and the AWG20 of the second-level distribution network do not have to have an order-corresponding relationship, that is, It is also possible to connect the second common port of the first AWG 20-1 with the partial reflector 50 to the first branch of the first stage distribution network, and the partial reflector of the first common port of the second AWG 20 50 with the second level of the distribution network Branches are connected. Just keep the four branches of the first-level distribution network connected to
  • the different common ports of the AWG50 are all available.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer includes M common ports and N branch ports. When connecting different common ports, the N branch ports correspond to different ones. Output wavelength set.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer having the same structure as the first-stage branch number is used, and each wavelength division multiplexer receives the difference generated by the first-level distribution network by using different common ports.
  • the optical signal of the branch solves the serious warehousing problem caused by the deployment of different AWGs in each branch of the first stage, and the connection error that is easily confused with different AWGs and branches, which facilitates storage and deployment. Self-injection of multi-level splitting.
  • a passive optical network system has a basic structure consistent with FIG. 4.
  • the partial reflectors 50 connected to the four branches of the first-stage optical distribution network are respectively connected to the four common ports of the AWG 20 of the second-stage optical distribution network by the optical switch 60, and the optical switches 60 on the different branches are connected. Switch to a different public port on the AWG20.
  • Another passive optical network multi-level spectroscopic self-injection WDM-PON system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, and its basic structure is consistent with FIG.
  • the power splitter 30 of the first stage optical distribution network is replaced by a 1 ⁇ 4 bandpass wavelength division multiplexer or a periodic wavelength division multiplexer 90.
  • the band-passing wavelength division multiplexer or the periodic wavelength division multiplexer 90 herein only has one common port, which is different from the above-mentioned M multi-common port wavelength division multiplexers 20,
  • the pass wavelength division multiplexer or the periodic wavelength division multiplexer 90 can respectively divide the uplink and downlink optical signals into four bands and respectively demultiplex them onto the four branch ports, that is, the uplink ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 8 and the downlink ⁇ ( 11 ⁇ ⁇ (18 can be multiplexed from the bandpass filter solution 70 to the first branch, and other branches are analogous.
  • This periodic bandpass filter 70 can be filtered by multiple bandpass thin films
  • the combination of the devices can also be composed of a band pass filter.
  • the optical signals output by the band-passing wavelength division multiplexers or the two branch ends of the periodic wavelength division multiplexer 90 respectively include different wavelengths
  • the The optical signal outputted by the branch end is the same as the wavelength set of the wavelength set corresponding to the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer connected to the branch end, which requires a band-passing wavelength division multiplexer or periodic wavelength division.
  • the branch end of the multiplexer is connected to the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer of the corresponding wavelength.
  • the partial reflector 50 may be a Faraday rotating partial reflector. Specifically, a single pass 45 can be added to the front of the partial reflector 50.
  • the Faraday spinner thus forms a Faraday Rotator Mirror (FRM, Faraday Rotator Mirror).
  • FRM Faraday Rotator Mirror
  • the wide-spectrum spontaneous emission spectrum light signal from the laser transceiver is rotated by a Faraday rotating mirror, and its polarization direction is rotated by 90. .
  • the TE mode emitted by the laser transceiver is reflected back by the FRM to become the TM mode
  • the emitted TM mode is reflected back by the TE to become the TE mode.
  • the polarization gain correlation in the self-injecting laser transceiver can be attenuated, thus improving the ability of the self-injecting fiber laser transceiver to resist random polarization interference in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer includes M common ports and N branch ports. When connecting different common ports, the N branch ports correspond to different ones. Output wavelength set.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer having the same structure as the first-stage branch number is used, and each wavelength division multiplexer receives the difference generated by the first-level distribution network by using different common ports.
  • the optical signal of the branch solves the serious warehousing problem caused by the deployment of different AWGs in each branch of the first stage, and the connection error that is easily confused with different AWGs and branches, which facilitates storage and deployment. Self-injection of multi-level splitting.

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Description

波分复用器及无源光网络系统 技术领域 本发明涉及光通信领域， 尤其涉及一种波分复用器及无源光网络系 统。
背景技术
波分复用无源光网络 ( Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network, 简称 WDM-PON ) 具有类似点对点通信的信息安全性， 可以提供巨大的带宽容量。 该网络包括光线路终端 （ Optical Line Terminal, 简称， OLT ) , 提供光接入网的网络侧接口并区分用于发送下 行数据的多个光信号的波长； 光网络单元 （Optical Network Unit, 简称 ONU ) , 位于用户侧并区分用于发送上行数据的多个光信号的波长； 以 及用于实现 OLT到 ONU的光纤分配和连接的光分配网络， 一般包括光 纤和波分复用器， 所述波分复用器可以为阵列波导光栅 （Arrayed Waveguide Grating , 简称 AWG)或波导光栅路由器 （Waveguide Grating Router, 简称 WGR) , 波分复用器将下行光学信号分发给多个输出端口， 使多个用户能够共用一条光纤； 在上行方向， 将多个 ONU 光学信号复 用到一条光纤中。 但是， 波分复用器每个分支端口上的波长都是不相同的， 每个 ONU 要求采用不同波长的激光器，无法通用；而且运营商给用户发放 ONU时， 必须知道用户家的光纤接的是波分复用器的哪个端口（或哪个波长）； 同 时， 也会给运营商带来仓储问题。
为了解决上述问题， 现有技术采用了无色光源技术， 每个 ONU收 发模块是与波长无关， 其激光器发射波长可以自动适应所连接的波分复用 器的端口波长， 实现在任何一个波分复用器端口上都可以即插即可。 目前 业内比较实用的无色光源为自注入锁定无色光源。 而为了满足网络用户分 布的复杂性， 很大一部分 WDM-PON采用多级分光的网络结构。 例如， OLT产生 32个不同波长的光信号， 经光复用器复用到主干光纤上， 然后 经带通滤波器将 32个光信号分成波长互不相同的四个分支，完成第一级分 光， 四个分支分别通过四个波分复用器与 ONU连接， 完成第二级分光。 但是， 因为四个波分复用器连接的 ONU需要不同波长的光信号， 所 以四个波分复用器含有不同中心波长， 这会带来严重的仓储问题； 其次， 每个波分复用器还要与每个分支——对应连接， 不能混淆， 这大大增加了 部署难度和连接错误的概率。 发明内容 本发明的实施例提供一种波分复用器及的含该波分复用器的波分复 用无源光网络系统， 在最后一级光分配网中采用相同的具有多个公共端 口和多个分支端口的波分复用器， 实现仓储方便和部署简单的自注入多 级分光。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
一方面， 本发明实施例提供一种波分复用器， 其特征在于， 所述波 分复用器包括： M 个公共端口， 第一平面波导， 阵列波导， 第二平面波 导及 N个分支端口， 其中， 所述第一平面波导上有 M个公共端口， 通过 所述阵列波导与所述第二平面波导相连， 所述第二平面波导上有 N个分 支端口 （M大于等于 2且 N大于等于 2 ) , 所述 M个公共端口中的任意 一个公共端口与所述 N个分支端口之间构成的 N个通道包含的 N个中心 波长均构成一个波长集合， 且所述 M个公共端口的任意一个公共端口对 应的所述波长集合包含的波长互不重合； 其中， 所述 M个公共端口中的任意一公共端口， 用于输入与所述 M 个公共端口中的任意一公共端口对应的波长集合的光信号； 所述第一平面波导， 用于将所述第一公共端口输入的所述光信号耦 合到所述阵列波导的输入端； 所述阵列波导用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长集合的光 信号聚焦到所述第二平面波导的输入端；
所述第二平面波导用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长集合 的光信号分别耦合到所述 N个分支端口的不同端口；
所述 N个分支端口用于使用不同端口输出所述第一公共端口对应波 长集合中波长互不相同的光信号。
另一方面， 本发明实施例提供一种多级分光的波分复用无源光网络 系统， 其特征在于， 包括， 光线路终端， 分光器件， 上述的 M个波分复 用器， M个部分反射器以及光网络单元； 其中， 所述光线路终端， 用于产生并向下发送光信号， 以及接收和 处理每个光网络单元向上发送的光信号；
所述分光器件， 包含一个公共端和 M个分支端， 所述公共端通过主 干光纤和所述光线路终端连接， 用于接收所述光线路终端向下发送的光 信号， 所述 M个分支端分别通过 M个第一级分支光纤和所述 M个波分 复用器不同的公共端口连接， 用于将所述光信号分成 M个分支并分别传 送至所述 M个波分复用器； 所述 M个波分复用器的 N个分支端口分别通过 N个第二级分支光 纤和所述光网络单元连接， 用于将所述公共端口接收的所述分光器件一 个分支端的光信号分成 N个波长的光信号并传送至所述光网络单元； 所述 M个部分反射器分别位于所述 M个第一级分支光纤的一支上， 并且位于靠近所述波分复用器的公共端口处； 所述光网络单元包括反射型的宽谱增益激光器和光接收机， 所述反 射型的宽谱增益激光器与所述波分复用器的分支端口连接， 并与其相连 的波分复用器的通道及该波分复用器公共端上所连接的部分反射器构成 自注入激光器； 所述光接收机， 用于接收从光线路终端发送下来的光信 号。
本发明实施例提供的波分复用器及的无源光网络系统， 该波分复用器 含有 M个公共端口和 N个分支端口， 当连接不同公共端口时， N个分支 端口对应不同的输出波长集合。在光网络系统的第二级采用与第一级分支 数目相同的结构完全相同的该波分复用器， 每个波分复用器分别用不同的 公共端口接收第一级分配网产生的不同分支的光信号， 解决了第一级的每 个分支需要部署连接不同的 AWG 带来的严重的仓储问题， 以及不同的 AWG与分支容易混淆出现的连接错误问题，实现了仓储方便和部署简单的 自注入多级分光。
附图说明 对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见 地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技 术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得 其他的附图。 图 1为本发明实施例提供的一种波分复用器的结构示意图； 图 2为本发明实施例提供的另一种波分复用器的结构示意图； 图 3为本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络系统图；
图 4为本发明实施例提供的另一种无源光网络系统图； 图 5为本发明实施例提供的另一种无源光网络系统图；
图 6为本发明实施例提供的另一种无源光网络系统图。
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案 进行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实 施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术 人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本 发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种波分复用器 20 , 参见图 2和图 3 , 该波分复 用器 20包括： M个公共端口 204, 第一平面波导 201 , 阵列波导 203 , 第 二平面波导 202及 N个分支端口 205 , 其中， 所述第一平面波导 201上 有 M个公共端口 204, 通过所述阵列波导 203与所述第二平面波导 202 相连， 所述第二平面波导 202上有 N个分支端口 204 ( M大于等于 2且 N大于等于 2 ) , 所述 M个公共端口 204中的任意一个公共端口与所述 N个分支端口 205之间构成的 N个通道包含的 N个中心波长均构成一个 波长集合， 且所述 M个公共端口 204的任意一个公共端口对应的所述波 长集合包含的波长互不重合；
其中， 所述 M个公共端口 204中的任意一公共端口， 用于输入与所 述 M个公共端口 204中的任意一公共端口对应的波长集合的光信号； 所述第一平面波导 204 , 用于将所述第一公共端口输入的所述光信 号耦合到所述阵列波导的输入端； 所述阵列波导 203用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长集合 的光信号聚焦到所述第二平面波导 202的输入端；
所述第二平面波导 202用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长 集合的光信号分别耦合到所述 N个分支端口 205的不同端口；
所述 N个分支端口 205用于使用不同端口输出所述第一公共端口对 应波长集合中波长互不相同的光信号。
示例性的， 本实施例以 4个公共端口 204和 8个分支端口 205为例 进行说明， 但本实施例对于公共端口 204和分支端口 205 的数量不作限 制， 采用不同的公共端口 204时， 8个分支端口 205对应不同的波长， 所 以 4个公共端口 204对应的分支端口 205可以输出 32个连续的等间隔的 通道波长。 该波分复用器 20可以包含 AWG、 WGR等。
具体的， 可以通过以下两种方式实现。
1、 参见图 1 , 该 4个公共端口 204分别输入连续的互不相同的 8个 波长， 当选择第一个公共端口 204时， 第一个公共端口 204与 8个分支 端口 205构成的通道的中心波长分别为 λ 1 , λ 2.. λ 8 , 而当选择第二 公共端口 204时， 第二个公共端口 204与 8个分支端口 205构成的通道 的中心波长分别为 λ 9到 λ 16 ,依次类推，当选择第四个公共端口 204时， 8个分支端口 205的通道波长为 λ 25到 λ 32。当选择特定的公共端口 204 时， 能够从分支端口 205 输出的光的波长是一定的。 例如， 当包含 λ ΐ- λ 32的复合光从第一个公共端口 204输入时， 只有波长为 λ 1 , λ 2.. λ 8 的光分别从 8个分支端口输出， 当包含 λ 9- λ 16的复合光从第一个公共 端口 204输入时， 没有光能从 8个分支端口 205输出。 对于支持 32通道的 AWG芯片，第一平面波导 201包括第一罗兰圓， 第一罗兰圓包含 4*8个通道， 其中 4个公共端口分别设置在该第一罗兰 圓上依次间隔 8 的通道上； 第二平面波导包括第二罗兰圓， 第二罗兰圓 包含 4*8个通道， 其中 8个分支端口分别设置在该第二罗兰圓上 8个相 邻的通道上， 即可以实现上述相同的功能。
2、 参见图 2 , 该 4个公共端口 204分别输入 8个间隔为 4的波长， 当选择第一个公共端口 204时，第一个公共端口 204与 8个分支端口 205 构成的通道的中心波长依次为 λ 1 , λ 5 , Χ 9... Χ 29; 当选择第二个公共 端口 204时， 第二个公共端口 204与 8个分支端口 205构成的通道的中 心波长依次为 λ 2 , λ 6 , λ 10... λ 30; 依次类推， 当选择第 4 个公共端 口 204时， 第四个公共端口 204与 8个分支端口 205构成的通道的中心 波长依次为 λ 4 , λ 8 , λ 12... λ 32。 同理， 当选择特定的公共端口 204 时， 能够从分支端口 205 输出的光的波长是一定的。 例如， 当包含 λ ΐ- λ 32的复合光从第一个公共端口 204输入时，只有波长为 λ 1 , λ 5 , λ 9... λ 29的光分别从 8个分支端口输出， 当包含 λ 2 , λ 6 , λ 10... λ 30的复 合光从第一个公共端口 204输入时， 没有光能从 8个分支端口 205输出。
对于支持 32通道的 AWG芯片，第一平面波导 201包括第一罗兰圓， 第一罗兰圓包含 4*8个通道， 其中 4个公共端口 204分别设置在该第一 罗兰圓上依次相邻的 4 个通道上； 第二平面波导包括第二罗兰圓， 第二 罗兰圓包含 4*8个通道， 其中 8个分支端口 205分别设置在该第二罗兰 圓上依次间隔 4的通道上， 即可以实现上述相同的功能。 本发明的实施例提供的波分复用器 20 可以应用于本发明实施例提 供的的无源光网络系统， 该无源光网络系统可以指 WDM - PON 系统， 如图 3、 图 4所示， 该系统包括： 光线路终端 10 , 分光器件 30 , Μ个波分复用器 20 , Μ个部分反射器 50以及光网络单元 40。 分光器件 30和 Μ个波分复用器 20构成多级树形 光分配网， 分别完成第一级分光和第二级分光。 光线路终端 10通过多级 树形光分配网向光网络单元 204提供下行信道光信号， 并接收来自光网络 单元 40发送的上行信道光信号。 多级树形光分配网将光线路终端 10发 送的多模光信号分成单模光信号发送给光网络单元 40 ,并接收光网络单元 40发送的多模光信号分成单模上行信道光信号发送给光线路终端 10。 其中， 所述光线路终端 10 , 用于产生并向下发送光信号， 以及接收 和处理每个光网络单元 40向上发送的光信号； 示例性的， 光线路终端 10包括多路复用 /解复用器 101、 第二部分反 射器 102和光收发器 103 ,光收发器 103包括宽谱增益激光器和光接收机。 多路复用 /解复用器 101 包含一个公共端和多个分支端， 其中每一个分支 端与宽谱增益激光器连接， 公共端与主干光纤 60连接， 用于对宽谱增益 激光器发出的光信号进行复用然后向下发送， 第二部分反射器 102位于多 路复用 /解复用器 101 的公共端一侧， 用于和宽谱增益激光器构成自注入 激光器， 并将宽谱增益激光器调制的信号向下发送。 其中， 宽谱增益激光 器可以为法布里 -珀罗激光二极管或者反射式半导体光放大器， 本实施例 中选用反射式半导体光放大器 RSOA, 但是本实施例对此不够成限制。 示例性的， 根据光网络单元 40的数量 X, 光线路终端 10包括 X个 光收发器 103-1、 103-2 103-X。 该 X个光收发器分别包括 X个反 射式半导体光放大器 （RSOA1031-1、 RSOA1031-2 RSOA1031-X 和 X个光接收机 Rxl031-1、 Rxl031-2 Rxl031-X, 在本实施例中 示例性的设置 32个光网络单元，则光线路终端 10包括 32个光收发器 103。 在本实施例中， 32 个用作发射光源的反射式半导体光放大器 RSOA1031 分别发出宽带光信号并通过光纤输入至多路复用 /解复用器 101, 本实施例中采用 AWG1作为多路复用 /解复用器， 经过 AWG1后每 个宽带光信号分别生成具有特定波长的光信号， 并复用到主干光纤 60上， 复用后的 32 个具有特定波长的光信号的其中一部分经过部分反射器 102 的反射， 再经过 AWG1分路后分别输入至发射光源 RSOA1031, 发射光源 RSOA 1031以接收到特定波长的光信号的波长振荡。
所述分光器件 30, 包含一个公共端和 M个分支端， 所述公共端通过 主干光纤 60和所述光线路终端 10连接， 用于接收所述光线路终端 10向 下发送的光信号， 所述 M个分支端分别通过 M个第一级分支光纤 70和 所述 M个波分复用器 20不同的公共端口连接，用于将所述光信号分成 M 个分支并分别传送至所述 M个波分复用器 20;
AWG1复用到主干光纤 60的 32个具有特定波长的光信号通过主干光 纤 60发送至分光器件 30的公共端。 分光器件 30将该光信号分成包含 4 个分支， 每个分支均包含 32个具有特定波长的光信号， 本实施例中分光 器件 30采用功率分束器，但是本实施例对于分光器件 30的选择不作限制。
所述 M个波分复用器 20的 N个分支端口分别通过 N个第二级分支 光纤 80和所述光网络单元 40连接， 用于将所述公共端口接收的所述分光 器件 30—个分支端的光信号分成 N个波长的光信号并传送至所述光网络 单元 40;
经分光器件 30产生的 4个分支分别通过第二级分支光纤 80将光信 号传送至第二级分配网络的 4个波分复用器 20 ,该 4个波分复用器 20结 构相同， 每个波分复用器 20含有 4个公共端口、 8个分支端口， 采用不 同的公共端口 204时， 8个分支端口 205对应不同的波长， 所以 4个公共 端口 204对应的分支端口 205可以输出 32个连续的等间隔的通道波长。 该波分复用器 20可以包含 AWG、 WGR等。 该波分复用器 20与前述实 施例原理及功能相同， 故此处不再贅述。 本实施例中， 以 AWG20作为波分复用器 20进行说明， 并且采用图 2所示波分复用器为例进行说明。 参见图 1、 图 4 , 4个 AWG20分别用不 同的公共端口接收所述 4束光信号。 例如， 将第一个 AWG20-1的第一个 公共端口与第一级分配网络的第一个分支相连， 第二个 AWG20-2的第二 个公共端口与第一级分配网络的第二个分支相连。 依次类推， 第四个 AWG20-4 的第四个公共端口连接到第一级分配网络的第四个分支上。 因 为采用不同的公共端口 204时，公共端口 204与 8个分支端口 205之间的 通道对应不同的中心波长。 所以每个 A WG20将接收的光信号再分别分成 8路后发送至光网络单元 40 , 且 4个 AWG20的分支端口输出的波长互不 相同。 至此， 完成下行信号的发送。
所述 M个部分反射器 50分别位于所述 M个第一级分支光纤 70的 一支上， 并且位于靠近所述波分复用器 20的公共端口处；
示例性的， 4个部分反射器 50分别位于第一级光分配网的 4个分支 上， 并且位于靠近各 AWG20用于接收光信号的公共端口的一侧。 例如， 如果 AWG20 的第一个公共端口接收第一级光分配网络的第一个分支的 光信号， 则部分反射器 50连接在该 AWG20的第一个公共端口所连接的 分支上。
所述光网络单元 40 包括反射型的宽谱增益激光器 401 和光接收机 402 , 所述反射型的宽谱增益激光器 401 与所述波分复用器 20的分支端 口连接， 并与其相连的波分复用器 20的通道及该波分复用器公共端上所 连接的部分反射器 50构成自注入激光器； 所述光接收机 402 , 用于接收 从光线路终端 10发送下来的光信号。
示例性的， 假设第二级光分配网络的的第一个 AWG20 的第一公共 端口， 并以第一公共端口为例进行说明 ， 第一公共端口与 8个分支端口 构成的通道的中心波长分别为 λ 1 , λ 2.. λ 8。 例如： 第一公共端口与第 一分支端口构成的通道为第一通道， 该第一通道的中心波长为 λ 1 , 与中 心波长为 λ 1的第一通道相连的宽谱的增益激光器 （RSOA ) 首先发出宽 •普的放大自发辐射光 (ASE, Amplified Spontaneous Emission) , 此 ASE经 过第一分支端口进入 AWG20的中心波长为 λ 1的第一通道时， 只有波长 为 λ 1的光可以通过并经第一公共端口输出， 波长为 λ 1以外的光被过滤 或损耗掉了， 同理， 此 ASE经过 AWG20的中心波长为 λ 2的通道时， 只有波长为 λ 2的光可以通过并经第一公共端口输出， 波长为 λ 2以外的 光被过滤或损耗掉了，所以，最终第一公共端口输出复用后的波长为 λ 1 , λ 2.. λ 8 的光信号。 该复用后的波长为 λ ΐ , λ 2.. λ 8 的光信号经反射 镜反射回来， 再从第一公共端口输入， 其中波长为 λ 1的光信号通过中心 波长为 λ 1的第一通道再次注入到宽谱的增益激光器中，这样多次往返形 成谐振放大。最终与中心波长为 λ 1的第一通道相连的自注入激光器就工 作在 AWG20-1第一通道所决定的透射峰值波长即 λ 1处。
因此此时与第一个 AWG20-1 相连的用户形成的自注入激光器的波 长则分别为 λ ΐ , λ 2.. λ 8 , 经过分光器件 30的一个分支及主干光纤 60 到达 OLT端的 AWG1 , 依次解复用到 OLT端的第 1 个， 第 2个…第 8 个接收机中。 至此， 完成上行信号的传输。
此外， 由于第二级光分配网络的 AWG20 可以和 OLT端的 AWG1 具有相同的 FSR, 因此下行可以利用 AWG1的 FSR的波段做发射， 然后 经过 AWG20依次解复用到各个 ONU的接收机中。 同样， 对于第一级光 分配网络的第二个分支， 部分反射器 50连接在 AWG20-2的第二个公共 端口， 因此其激射波长分别为 λ 9到 λ 16 , 依次类推， 最后一个分支的各 个 ONU激射波长依次为 λ 25到 λ 32, 然后依次经过 AWG1解复用到相 应的各个接收机中，从而实现了一个具有两级分光的自注入 WDM - ΡΟΝ 系统。
另外， 当第一级分配网络的分光器件 30采用功率分束器时， 第一级 分配网络的各个分支和第二级分配网络的 AWG20 的各个公共端口不必 要有——顺序对应的关系， 即也可以把第一个 AWG20-1的第二个公共端 口用部分反射器 50与第一级分配网络的第一个分支相连接， 同时把第二 个 AWG20的第一个公共端口用部分反射器 50与第一级分配网络的第二 个分支相连接。 只需要保持第一级分配网络的四个分支分别连接到
AWG50的不同的公共端口上即可。
本发明实施例提供的波分复用器及的无源光网络系统， 该波分复用器 含有 M个公共端口和 N个分支端口， 当连接不同公共端口时， N个分支 端口对应不同的输出波长集合。在光网络系统的第二级采用与第一级分支 数目相同的结构完全相同的该波分复用器， 每个波分复用器分别用不同的 公共端口接收第一级分配网产生的不同分支的光信号， 解决了第一级的每 个分支需要部署连接不同的 AWG 带来的严重的仓储问题， 以及不同的 AWG与分支容易混淆出现的连接错误问题，实现了仓储方便和部署简单的 自注入多级分光。 本发明另一实施例提供的一种无源光网络系统， 参见图 5 , 其基本 结构与图 4一致。 区别是利用光开关 60将第一级光分配网络的四个分支 上连接的部分反射器 50分别与第二级光分配网络的 AWG20的 4个公共 端口相连， 并把不同分支上的光开关 60切换到 AWG20不同的公共端口 上。 本发明实施例提供的另一种无源光网络多级分光的自注入 WDM - PON系统， 参见图 6 , 其基本结构与图 4一致。 区别是将第一级光分配网 络的的功率分配器 30更换成了一个 1 χ 4的带通的波分复用器或者周期性 的波分复用器 90。 需说明的是， 此处的带通的波分复用器或周期性的波分 复用器 90只含有一个公共端口， 与上述的 M个多公共端口的波分复用器 20不同， 带通的波分复用器或者周期性的波分复用器 90可以分别将上下 行光信号分成四个波段， 分别解复用到 4个分支端口上， 即上行的 λιχ1 ~ λιχ8和下行 λ(11 ~ λ(18都可以从经过该带通滤波器解 70复用到第一个分支 上， 其他分支也依次类推。 这种周期性的带通滤波器 70可以由多个带通 的薄膜滤波器组合而成， 也可以由带通滤波器构成。
需要说明的是， 与功率分束器不同的是， 带通的波分复用器或者周期 性的波分复用器 90的 Μ个分支端输出的光信号分别包含不同的波长， 且 所述分支端输出的光信号与所述分支端连接的所述波分复用器的公共端 口对应的波长集合所包含的波长相同， 这就需要带通的波分复用器或者周 期性的波分复用器的分支端连接到对应波长的波分复用器的公共端口。 在上述实施例中， 所述部分反射器 50 可以为法拉第旋转部分反射 器。 具体的， 可以通过部分反射器 50前面增加了一个单程 45。的法拉第 旋转筒，从而构成了一个法拉第旋转部分反射器（ FRM, Faraday Rotator Mirror )。 激光收发器发出的宽谱自发辐射谱光信号经过法拉第旋转镜反 射后， 其偏振方向会旋转 90。。 这样， 激光收发器发出来的 TE模式经过 FRM反射回去就成为了 TM模式， 发出的 TM模式经过 TE反射回去就 变成了 TE模式。 从而可以减弱自注入激光收发器中的偏振增益相关性， 这样， 也就提高了本发明实施例中自注入光纤激光收发器的抗随机偏振 干扰的能力。
本发明实施例提供的波分复用器及的无源光网络系统， 该波分复用器 含有 M个公共端口和 N个分支端口， 当连接不同公共端口时， N个分支 端口对应不同的输出波长集合。在光网络系统的第二级采用与第一级分支 数目相同的结构完全相同的该波分复用器， 每个波分复用器分别用不同的 公共端口接收第一级分配网产生的不同分支的光信号， 解决了第一级的每 个分支需要部署连接不同的 AWG 带来的严重的仓储问题， 以及不同的 AWG与分支容易混淆出现的连接错误问题，实现了仓储方便和部署简单的 自注入多级分光。 以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不 局限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可轻易想到变化或替换， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此， 本 发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种波分复用器， 其特征在于， 所述波分复用器包括： M个公共 端口， 第一平面波导， 阵列波导， 第二平面波导及 N个分支端口， 其中， 所述第一平面波导上有 M个公共端口 , 通过所述阵列波导与所述第二平 面波导相连， 所述第二平面波导上有 N个分支端口 （M大于等于 2且 N 大于等于 2 ) , 所述 M个公共端口中的任意一个公共端口与所述 N个分 支端口之间构成的 N个通道包含的 N个中心波长均构成一个波长集合， 且所述 M个公共端口的任意一个公共端口对应的所述波长集合包含的波 长互不重合；
其中， 所述 M个公共端口中的任意一公共端口， 用于输入与所述 M 个公共端口中的任意一公共端口对应的波长集合的光信号；
所述第一平面波导， 用于将所述第一公共端口输入的所述光信号耦 合到所述阵列波导的输入端；
所述阵列波导用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长集合的光 信号聚焦到所述第二平面波导的输入端；
所述第二平面波导用于将所述包含所述第一公共端口对应波长集合 的光信号分别耦合到所述 N个分支端口的不同端口； 所述 N个分支端口用于使用不同端口输出所述第一公共端口对应波 长集合中波长互不相同的光信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的波分复用器， 其特征在于： 所述第一平面波导包括第一罗兰圓，所述第一罗兰圓包含 M*N个通 道， 所述 M个公共端口分别设置在所述第一罗兰圓上依次间隔 N的通道 上；
所述第二平面波导包括第二罗兰圓，所述第二罗兰圓包含 M*N个通 道，所述 N个分支端口分别设置在所述第二罗兰圓上 N个相邻的通道上。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的波分复用器， 其特征在于： 所述第一平面波导包括第一罗兰圓，所述第一罗兰圓包含 M*N个通 道，所述 M个公共端口分别设置在所述第一罗兰圓上依次相邻的 M个通 道上； 所述第二平面波导包括第二罗兰圓，所述第二罗兰圓包含 M*N个通 道， 所述 N个分支端口分别设置在所述第二罗兰圓上依次间隔 M的通道 上。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3 所述的波分复用器， 其特征在于： 所述 M 为 4, 所述 N为 8。
5、 一种无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 包括：
光线路终端， 分光器件， 权利要求 1-4任一项所述的 M个波分复用 器， M个部分反射器以及光网络单元； 其中， 所述光线路终端， 用于产生并向下发送光信号， 以及接收和 处理每个光网络单元向上发送的光信号；
所述分光器件， 包含一个公共端和 M个分支端， 所述公共端通过主 干光纤和所述光线路终端连接， 用于接收所述光线路终端向下发送的光 信号， 所述 M个分支端分别通过 M个第一级分支光纤和所述 M个波分 复用器不同的公共端口连接， 用于将所述光信号分成 M个分支并分别传 送至所述 M个波分复用器； 所述 M个波分复用器的 N个分支端口分别通过 N个第二级分支光 纤和所述光网络单元连接， 用于将所述公共端口接收的所述分光器件一 个分支端的光信号分成 N个波长的光信号并传送至所述光网络单元； 所述 M个部分反射器分别位于所述 M个第一级分支光纤的一支上， 并且位于靠近所述波分复用器的公共端口处； 所述光网络单元包括反射型的宽谱增益激光器和光接收机， 所述反 射型的宽谱增益激光器与所述波分复用器的分支端口连接， 并与其相连 的波分复用器的通道及该波分复用器公共端上所连接的部分反射器构成 自注入激光器； 所述光接收机， 用于接收从光线路终端发送下来的光信 号。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所述部分 反射器和所述波分复用器之间设置有光开关， 用于切换所述部分反射器与 所述波分复用器的 M个不同公共端口的光连接。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所述分光
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所述分光 器件为带通的波分复用器或者周期性的波分复用器， 且所述带通的波分复 用器或者周期性的波分复用器的 M 个分支端输出的光信号分别包含不同 的波长， 且所述分支端输出的光信号与所述分支端连接的所述波分复用器 的公共端对应的波长集合所包含的波长相同。
9、 根据权利要求 5-8任一所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所 述部分反射器为法拉第旋转部分反射器。
10、 根据权利要求 5所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所述光线 路终端包括多路复用 /解复用器、 第二部分反射器和宽谱增益激光器， 所 述多路复用 /解复用器的分支端与所述宽谱增益激光器连接， 所述多路复 用 /解复用器的公共端与主干光纤连接， 用于对所述宽谱增益激光器发出 的光信号进行复用然后向下发送， 所述部分反射器位于所述多路复用 /解 复用器的公共端一侧， 用于和所述光线路终端的宽谱增益激光器构成自注 入激光器， 并将所述宽谱增益激光器调制的信号向下发送。
1 1、 根据权利要求 5或 10所述的无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 所 述宽谱增益激光器为法布里-珀罗激光二极管或者反射式半导体光放大 器。
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