WO2012100449A1 - 一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置 - Google Patents

一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012100449A1
WO2012100449A1 PCT/CN2011/071554 CN2011071554W WO2012100449A1 WO 2012100449 A1 WO2012100449 A1 WO 2012100449A1 CN 2011071554 W CN2011071554 W CN 2011071554W WO 2012100449 A1 WO2012100449 A1 WO 2012100449A1
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Prior art keywords
light source
light
red
green
vegetables
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2011/071554
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈愈
陈欣
陈景莉
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from CN2011100412101A external-priority patent/CN102113543B/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US13/982,218 priority Critical patent/US9210944B2/en
Publication of WO2012100449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100449A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical signal technology physical method and an optical signal generating device, in particular to an optical signal technology physical method and an optical signal generating device for keeping fruits and vegetables fresh.
  • Vegetables and fruits are fresh foods that are perishable after harvesting.
  • refrigeration is one of the main fresh-keeping forms of modern vegetables and fruits. It can be stored at the high temperature season to ensure the annual supply of fruit.
  • Low temperature refrigeration can reduce the respiratory metabolism of vegetables and fruits, the incidence of pathogenic bacteria and the rate of decay of fruits, so as to prevent tissue aging and prolong the storage period of fruits.
  • researchers in various countries have improved the high-energy refrigeration refrigerating technology. It uses a lower storage ambient temperature than the freezing point of vegetable and fruit tissues to achieve the preservation of vegetables and fruits.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a red, green and blue visible spectrum light signal using a pulsed or pulsed periodic scanning combined spectrum under room temperature storage conditions or temperature and humidity control conditions to realize the harvesting of fruits and vegetables in the light signal. Restoring metabolism in the light environment to maintain slow growth of photosynthesis, and to achieve slow growth rate of vegetables and fruits after harvesting, so that the fruits and vegetables that have been harvested from the initial fresh state to the mature aging and decay time are effectively prolonged.
  • a physical method of optical signal technology for preserving vegetables and fruits characterized in that a computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator is used to control a device equipped with a red, green and basket light source group.
  • the pulse signal of pulse or pulse scanning combined spectrum is generated to control the slow growth of irradiated vegetables and fruits under the conditions of light signal physical environment under the conditions of room temperature storage or temperature and humidity control, and the fresh state of vegetables and fruits is effectively extended after harvesting, so that The fruits and vegetables stay fresh or keep fresh for a long time under room temperature storage conditions or temperature and humidity control conditions.
  • the utility model relates to a light signal generating device for keeping fruits and vegetables fresh, comprising a main frame, a shell, a door, a fruit and vegetable placing device, and the like: the illuminating board structure formed by the plane unit of the red, green and blue light source illuminating board, computer programmable Program pulse scanning signal generator, red light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller, green light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller, blue light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller, red light source group, green light source group, blue light source Group, computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator generates pulse period scanning combined signal, regulating corresponding red light source two-way thyristor electronic switch, green light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller, blue light source two-way thyristor electronic switch control The turning on and off of the device controls the red light source group, the green light source group, and the blue light source group to emit light, and emits a pulsed or pulsed periodic scan or a pulse
  • the object of the present invention can also be achieved by: adjusting the frequency of the control signal output by the computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator, the scanning combination form, the scanning time period, and the on-off time ratio of the signal to achieve the combined spectrum.
  • the intensity of the light signal is adjustable, the pulse period is adjustable, the combination of red, green and blue pulse visible light scanning is adjustable, the scanning period is adjustable, and the on-off time ratio of the optical signal is adjustable.
  • the fruits and vegetables in the physical environment of artificial light signal are irradiated and preserved, and the photon energy required for photosynthesis photoreaction is obtained in the light signal illumination environment with bright and dark period changes, so that the cell tissue can be restored. Metabolize and maintain the metabolism and growth inertia slowly.
  • the optical signal generating device can be made into a cabinet type structure, and the illuminating board structure formed by the flat units of the red, green and blue light source illuminating boards is installed on the inner side of the main frame and the outer casing, and is composed of red, green and blue light sources.
  • the surface of the illuminating plate structure into which the illuminating plate plane unit is spliced is provided with a protective transparent transparent net or a transparent glass separating plate, and an exhaust fan and a ventilating duct are arranged in the outer casing, and a ventilation duct lower air inlet hole is arranged in the lower part of the outer casing.
  • On the side of the outer casing there is an automatic humidification control system for fresh vegetables and fruits and a humidification conduit interface.
  • the automatic humidification control system is connected to the water storage tank.
  • the humidity and temperature probes are installed in the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure, and the temperature control is provided with a temperature probe.
  • the optical signal generating device can be made into a cabinet channel structure, and the illuminating board structure formed by the plane unit of the red, green and blue light source illuminating board is installed on the inner side of the main frame and the outer casing, and the exhaust electric power is arranged in the outer casing.
  • the fan and the air passage are equipped with an automatic humidification control system for fresh vegetables and fruits and a humidifying conduit interface on the upper part of the outer casing.
  • the automatic humidifying probe and the temperature probe are installed in the vegetable and fruit fresh-keeping storage structure, and the automatic humidification control system is connected with the water inlet pipe, with temperature
  • the temperature controller of the probe is connected to the exhaust fan, and the main frame is made of a liftable adjustable support rod structure.
  • the illuminating board structure formed by the plane units of the red, green and blue light source illuminating boards is arranged such that the red light source group, the green light source group and the blue light source group are arranged as red light, green, blue light or red, blue and green light.
  • the red light source group, the green light source group, and the blue light source group are composed of a single linear illuminating tube, a single point illuminating bulb or a single point LED illuminating diode, or multiple wires are used.
  • Light-emitting tube group, multi-point light bulb group or multi-point LED light-emitting diode, or The low-energy, high-efficiency and energy-saving rare earth material light-emitting device is composed, and the red light source group, the green light source group and the blue light source group are arranged and spliced at a certain interval, and the splicing is formed into a linear parallel form.
  • the arrangement of the red light source group, the green light source group and the blue light source group can be installed and spliced to form a concentric circular shape.
  • the arrangement of the red light source group, the green light source group and the blue light source group can be installed and spliced to form a radial form.
  • (a) Vegetables and fruits are inseparable from light for photosynthesis to maintain metabolic growth.
  • the pulsed or pulsed periodic scanning combined spectrum of the present invention is visible in red, green and blue at room temperature conditions of 5 to 35 ° C and body surface humidity greater than 65%.
  • the spectral light signal provides low illumination (typical value range 40-1000 LUX 1% equivalent sunlight).
  • the photosynthesis high light gain illumination environment for vegetable and fruit preservation, the photon energy level of the pulsed illumination environment is higher than the continuous spectral light environment of the same equivalent illumination. The energy level of the photon.
  • Freshly picked fruits and vegetables can still obtain sufficient photon energy for photosynthesis in the light-light environment of low-illuminance and high-energy photons, and maintain the slow growth state of inertial metabolism.
  • the frequency of the light reaction and the dark reaction cycle are accelerated according to the experimental phenomenon (manually adjusted from the natural day and night 24 hours cycle time to the second level cycle time) ), low energy consumption (1% sunlight in the range of 40-1000 LUX) light signal improves the photosynthesis efficiency of the vegetable preservation process: compared with the natural light environment that humans are already familiar with, 24 hours of light and dark reaction in a cycle, high heat caused by sunlight radiation Excised root vegetables water transpiration, no roots provide water supplement, vegetables dry; removed root vegetables stored in no light environment, no photon energy to provide photosynthesis to maintain metabolism, vegetable fermentation and decay.
  • the vegetable preservation experiment firstly used 24 hours as a vegetable preservation test cycle period, and the light signal vegetables were kept fresh for 24 hours.
  • the light-dark reaction cycle time of the light signal applied during the test was in the second level, compared with the natural light environment, 24 hours of light and dark reaction.
  • the period, the light signal with the cycle time of the second level is darker than the 24 hours of the day and night.
  • the natural light of one cycle has a high frequency characteristic, and the average illuminance (typical value 100 LUX) is the same as the continuous spectral equivalent illuminance (typical value 100 LUX), the higher frequency (second level) light signal vegetable preservation process showed obvious increase in monosaccharide synthesis and conversion into polysaccharides, indicating higher frequency (second level) optical signal environment,
  • the high light gain characteristic it has the advantage of improving the chloroplast photosynthesis efficiency in plants, so that low-level light signals (typical value range 40-1000 lux l% equivalent sunlight) can be used for vegetable preservation, and fresh-keeping process is necessary for fresh-keeping of roots. The heat-induced effects of dehydration and drying of vegetables in the body are minimized.
  • the higher frequency (second level) of the same low-energy illuminance (in the range of 40-1000 LUX).
  • the pause frequency of the light signal is lower than the frequency (minute level, ten Minute level or hour level)
  • the number of pauses in the optical signal with a higher number of pauses.
  • the comparison shows that the total amount of dry matter per unit is increased, and the increase in chlorophyll and ascorbic acid Vc is also more.
  • the higher frequency (second level) light signal of low-energy illuminance (1% equivalent sunlight in the range of 40-1000 LUX) can keep vegetables fresh and maintain metabolism, maintain photosynthesis efficiency during slow growth, and convert monosaccharides into polysaccharide frequencies in vivo.
  • the cell molecules vacate the surface layer that generates and temporarily stores the monosaccharide, and the damping of monosaccharide formation in the next cycle is reduced, and the number of monosaccharides generated by the photoreaction in the fresh-keeping time period (for example, 5-7 days) is more,
  • a number of dark reaction processes convert monosaccharides into polysaccharides.
  • the higher frequency (second level) of low energy consumption (1% sunlight in the range of 40-1000 LUX) light signal improves the photosynthesis efficiency of the vegetable preservation process, which is reflected in the experimental results.
  • the test results show that the total dry matter per unit is increased. The value is more, and the chlorophyll and ascorbic acid Vc content increase is also more.
  • the ripening agent in the fruits and vegetables is discharged from the ethylene gas C2H4, and the ripening agent - ethylene gas C2H4 Will not accumulate in the body, weaken the rapid accumulation of ethylene and vegetable ripening agent in the body to show the fermentation characteristics and then the decay of vegetables and fruits, the surface carbon dioxide can inhibit the proliferation of aerobic bacteria and mold;
  • the high frequency pulse spectrum ultraviolet spectrum The component (existing in the high-frequency harmonic spectrum of the optical signal emitted by the blue light source, according to the knowledge of ultraviolet sterilization: using the best spectral component of wavelength of 253.7 nm), the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of mold bacteria is better than continuous ultraviolet light, so that the bacteria in the fruits and vegetables cannot be fast. Multiply, Reduce the rate of rapid decay of vegetables and fruits.
  • the red, green and blue visible spectrum optical signals of the combined pulsed or pulsed periodic scanning combined spectrum are generated by the computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator, and the modulating movement, periodicity, pulse, red, green and blue spectrum are realized.
  • the light intensity of the light environment in the low-energy light signal vegetable fresh-keeping device of the invention is 40 to 1000 lux under the condition of room temperature 5 to 35 ° C and body surface humidity greater than 65%.
  • the roots of the vegetables are removed under strong illuminance and high heat radiation, and the roots are not provided with water supplement.
  • the present invention provides a low-light optical signal environment for vegetable preservation (40 To one thousand lux), to minimize the thermal interference factors affecting the preservation of vegetables.
  • the high-light gain effect hypothesis is generated by superimposing the low-energy blue-red light signal according to the experimental phenomenon: that is, the low-energy blue-red light signal of the same illuminance is separately applied to the vegetable Preservation and simultaneous action on vegetable preservation, the total irradiation time of each spectral light signal is the same and the frequency is the same.
  • the effect of blue-red light signal on vegetable preservation at the same time is much better than that of blue-red light signal alone on vegetable preservation effect.
  • the phenomenon of increased monosaccharide synthesis and conversion to polysaccharide increased, indicating that such a low-energy blue-red light signal simultaneously illuminates the light signal environment of vegetable fresh-keeping, and there is a feature of high-light gain for photosynthesis of chloroplasts in vegetables.
  • the optical gain generated by the combined optical signal is better than the optical gain generated by the monochromatic spectral light signal. Therefore, a combination of light signals with lower illuminance can be set to achieve the same vegetable preservation effect, so that the light signal has less thermal impact on fresh vegetables.
  • the heat energy similar to the strong light transmission of sunlight is avoided, so that the water in the root vegetables is rapidly dissipated and atrophied at room temperature, and the low-energy light signal vegetable preservation Loading
  • the light intensity of the central illumination environment is 40% to 1000 lux of 1% equivalent sunlight, so that the vegetables can obtain the light signal energy preservation while avoiding the strong illuminance caused by the transpiration of the root vegetables.
  • the natural sunlight illuminance Up to hundreds of thousands of lux; high heat in the solar environment causes the root vegetables to transpire and volatilize, no roots provide water supplement, vegetables dry; no light environment, no photosynthesis to maintain metabolic photon energy, vegetables naturally rot.
  • the invention proposes to design a red, green and blue visible spectrum light signal with low illumination (light signal illuminance less than 1% midday solar maximum illumination) pulsed, spectral combination, periodic scanning, harvesting vegetables and fruits, through the computer
  • the programmable controller inputs the programming control program, sets the pulse signal scanning sequence change control mode, regulates the pulse period, scanning form, combination mode of the red, green and blue light, and adjusts the optical signal parameters: illuminance, period of the spectral pulse, spectral combination And the speed of the scan, the time period ratio between the generation and stop of the light signal, and the brightness and off time of the light signal of the irradiated fresh vegetable (manually creating the light reaction and dark reaction time), the humidity is greater than 65% at room temperature 5 to 35 ° C Under the condition, the fruits and vegetables can restore metabolism in the light signal environment and control the slow growth rate.
  • the fruits and vegetables maintain the fresh state in the light signal illumination environment, so that the fresh state of the fruits and vegetables can be effectively prolonged when harvested, to keep fresh or Preservation time extension purpose, preservation Batches can be repeated and can be flexibly controlled for easy access to family and factory production.
  • the power consumption of the invention is very low, and the artificial pulse type periodic scanning light signal illumination environment belongs to a low illumination environment (the light signal illuminance is less than 1% of the noon sunlight maximum illuminance).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the optical signal generating device of the present invention when a cabinet type structure is adopted;
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic views of the optical signal generating device of the present invention when a cabinet channel structure is adopted;
  • Figure 5_ Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the structure of the adjustable support rod
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the principle of the control circuit of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the illumination of the red, green and blue light-emitting panels of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic plan view showing the arrangement of the arrangement of the red, green and blue light source groups in a linear parallel form
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic plan view showing the arrangement of the concentric circular installation positions of the red, green and blue light source groups of the light-emitting panel
  • Green. Blue light source group is a schematic diagram of the plane structure of the installation position of the linear radiation form.
  • the present invention comprises a luminescent panel structure spliced by plane units of red, green and blue light source illuminators.
  • Rack 2 outer casing 3, door 4, internal electric control box 5 (with built-in control circuit), hanging fruit and vegetable placement device 6, transparent isolation net for protection or transparent glass insulation board 7, electric fan and air duct 8, ventilation Channel lower air inlet 9, indicator light 10, power switch 11, support foot or moving pulley 12, automatic humidification system 13, humidification conduit interface 14, computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator 22, red light source triac
  • the switch controller 23 the green light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller 24, the blue light source two-way thyristor electronic switch controller 25, the red light source group 26, the green light source group 27, the blue light source group 28, and the like.
  • the illuminating board structure 1 is formed by arranging plane units of red, green and blue light source illuminating boards, and is installed on the inner side of the main frame 2 and the outer casing 3; in the illuminating board structure 1 which is spliced by the plane unit of the red, green and blue light source illuminating board
  • the surface is provided with a protective transparent transparent mesh or transparent glass separating plate 7; an exhaust electric fan and a ventilation duct 8 are arranged in the outer casing 3; a lower air inlet opening 9 is provided in the lower part of the outer casing 3;
  • the side is equipped with an automatic humidification system 13 and a humidification conduit interface 14.
  • the humidity probe and the temperature controller temperature probe of the automatic humidification system 13 are installed in the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure, and the automatic humidification control system is connected to the water storage tank, and the temperature with the temperature probe is provided.
  • the controller is connected to the exhaust fan.
  • the structural composition is basically the same as that of Figure 1.
  • the illuminating plate structure 1 formed by the flat units of the red, green and blue light source illuminating plates is installed on the inner side of the main frame 2 and the outer casing 3; the exhaust electric fan and the air duct 8 are installed in the outer casing 3;
  • the main frame 2 is constructed as a liftable adjustable support bar structure 15.
  • the lifting support adjuster allows the height of the vegetable and fruit space in the channel structure of the cabinet to be adjusted by bolts or screws, and is also easy to disassemble and transport.
  • Figure 21 in Figure 21 is the power input voltage regulator (auto-regulator external setting, input AC power voltage ⁇ 2 2 0 V, output AC power voltage 0 ⁇ 2 2 0 V light signal illuminance intensity); It is a computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator, which is started by the button board after the control program is input; 23 is a two-way thyristor electronic switch that controls the light and dark light source group light and dark switch; 24 is a two-way control of the green light source group light and dark switch The thyristor electronic switch; 25 is a two-way thyristor electronic switch for controlling the light and dark switch of the blue light source group; the RSCR is the wiring port for outputting the control signal of the red light source group; the GSCR is the wiring port for outputting the control signal of the green light source group; BSCR It is the wiring port for outputting the control signal of the basket light source group.
  • the RSCR is the wiring port for outputting the control signal of the red light source group
  • the GSCR
  • the light source group is arranged as a illuminating panel unit at intervals of red, green, blue or red, blue and green light, and the illuminating panel unit is repeatedly arranged in a regular manner, and spliced into illuminating panels satisfying the illuminance requirement required for illuminating the storage space size.
  • the structure is installed on the inner wall of the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage space structure; 26 is a light source group emitting red spectral light signals in the light emitting plate structure, 27 is a light source group emitting blue spectral light signals in the light emitting plate structure, and 28 is a light emitting plate structure A group of light sources for green spectral light signals.
  • L indicates that the illuminating board red. green. blue light emitting device wire collection interface is connected to the computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator 22;
  • R 1 - indicates the red light first light source group, Rn - indicates red light
  • the nth light source group is turned on or off correspondingly controlled by the wiring port of the red light control signal of 26 in Fig. 8
  • G 1 - indicates a green light first light source group, and Gn - indicates a green light nth light source group, bright or
  • the control is controlled by the wiring port of the green light control signal of 27 in Fig. 8
  • B 1 - represents the blue light first light source group
  • B n - represents the blue light nth light source group, and is turned on or off by the blue of 28 in Fig. 8.
  • the wiring port of the lamp control signal corresponds to the control.
  • FIG 10 is a light source emitting in the group Rn n-red spectrum of the optical signal in the light emitting plate structure
  • Bn is a spectrum of light that emits blue light emitting plate structure signal light source group n
  • Gn is the spectrum of the optical signal to emit green light emitting plate structure
  • the nth light source group is arranged according to (a) red, green, blue, red, green, blue, or (b) red, blue, green, red, blue, and green.
  • the red, green, and blue linear light source groups are installed at a certain interval in a concentric circle.
  • Rn is the nth light source group that emits a red spectral light signal in the luminescent panel structure
  • Bn is a blue spectral light signal emitted from the luminescent panel structure.
  • the nth light source group, Gn is the nth light source group emitting a green spectral light signal in the illuminating plate structure; the light source groups are concentrically spaced at a certain interval, according to: (a) red, green, blue, red, green, and blue repeatedly arranged. Concentric circular arrangement or (b) red, blue, green, red, blue, and green repeating arrangement of concentric circular arrangement.
  • FIG Rn 12 emits red spectrum of the optical signal is a light source emitting plate structure Group n
  • Bn is the n-th group of a light source emitting blue spectrum of the optical signal in the light emitting plate structure
  • Gn is the spectrum of the optical signal to emit green light emitting plate structure
  • the nth light source group; each light source is arranged in a regular regular interval, arranged in a linear radial arrangement according to red, green, blue, red, green, and blue; or red, blue, green, red, blue, and green. Radial form arrangement is installed.
  • the main frame 2 and the cabinet-type structural shell 3 are welded with a 0.35-0.75 mm stainless steel plate; or the adjustable lifting support rod structure of the channel type lifting space height of Figure 2 is made of steel pipe, The front, rear, left and right and the top end are sealed with a stainless steel plate to form a darkroom system, and the openable door 4 is mounted on one or both sides.
  • the illuminating board structure 1 formed by the plane units of the red, green and blue light source illuminating boards is installed on the inner side of the main frame passage 2 (except the floor and the side doors), and the insulation is detachable.
  • the light source group is arranged as a illuminating plate at intervals of red, green, blue or red, blue and green light, and the illuminating plate is spliced into a luminescent plate structure and installed on the inner wall of the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure space, and the fixed planar light is emitted.
  • the illumination direction of the plate structure is not adjustable, and the rotating structure of the planar illuminating plate can adjust the illumination direction of the illuminating plate of the light source group, and the electrodes of the illuminating light sources are collected on one side L of each illuminating plate, and are respectively connected to the bidirectional
  • the corresponding wiring port of the control silicon 23, 24, 25, the pulse-scan control switch signal is outputted by the computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator 22 to control the on-off state of the triac 23, 24, 25, so that the corresponding red light in the device
  • the green and blue light source groups 13 ⁇ 4, G, B generate various regular pulsed periodic scanning combined spectral light signals, and the power input voltage regulator 21 adjusts the light intensity parameters of the optical signal intensity;
  • the scanning combination form is typical example 1: such as red light
  • the scanning order may be: (a) red light R1 is bright, other red light is off ⁇ red light R2 is bright, other red light is off ⁇ changing according to the scanning order ⁇ red light Rn is bright,
  • the scanning process of green light and blue light is similar to the scanning of the above red light; it can also generate crossover and combination of different light rays; scanning combination form typical example 2: such as blue light B1 bright other red, green, blue light off ⁇ blue light B1 red light R1 bright Other red, green, blue light off ⁇ blue light B1 red light R1 bright green light G1 bright other red, green, blue light off ⁇ change according to this scanning order ⁇ blue light ⁇ red light Rn bright green light Gn bright other red, green, blue light off ⁇ According to this scanning sequence change ⁇ Then, the program runs in reverse; thus the program repeats the loop forward and reverse operation.
  • Scanning combination form typical example 3 blue light B1 red light R1 bright green light G1 bright other red, green, blue light off ⁇ blue light B1 red light R1 bright green light G1 blue light B2 red light R2 bright green light G2 bright other red, green, blue light Off ⁇ Change according to this scanning order ⁇ Blu-ray B1 red light R1 bright green light G1 blue light B2 red light R2 bright green light G2 light ⁇ press this sweep ⁇ red, trace order change ⁇ blue light ⁇ red light Rn bright green light Gn bright other red , green, blue light off ⁇ change green, blue light and all off according to this scanning order (designed to stop at full brightness and after full stop), then, the program runs in reverse; scan combination form typical example 4: blue light + Red light, red light + green light, green light + blue light, blue light + red light ⁇ change in the scanning order to produce different light cross, combined scan forms; the above typical example: generated by computer programmable pulse scan signal generator 22 The pulse period scans the combined signal to regulate the turn-on
  • the water mist conduit of the device-assisted automatic humidifier and the cold air conduit of the refrigeration device are connected to the top or rear conduit interface to enter the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure, and the automatic humidification control system is connected to the water storage tank or connected to the water inlet pipe, humidity and temperature.
  • the probe is installed in the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure, and the temperature controller with the temperature probe is connected to the exhaust fan; the whole system is powered by the AC 220V power supply, and the input end of the power input voltage regulator 21 is connected to the AC 220V of the output of the power control switch.
  • Output 0 ⁇ 220V connected to the main illuminating board circuit to adjust the light signal illuminance parameter;
  • Pulse spectrum optical signal parameters Red, green, blue light source group full bright illuminance ⁇ lOOOOlux, red light center wavelength 660nm, green light center wavelength 550nm, blue center wavelength 420nm, pulse duty cycle 50% [ie pulse bright / (bright + off) time], pulse width 500ms, scan period gap time 2s, 1
  • the scanning period is 10s; the structure can also be equipped with a ventilator 8, a temperature and humidity meter, a temperature and humidity control device, an automatic humidification system 12, a leakage protection device, and a power input voltage regulator 21.
  • the manufacturing steps of the present invention can also be carried out in a refrigerator, a refrigerator or a freezer, or a separate space in a refrigerator or a freezer to implement the present invention for the preservation of vegetables and fruits.
  • the illuminating board red, green, and blue light source groups are mounted and fixed on a rectangular (or square) insulating board (or insulating iron) plane, and are made into a planar illuminating board structure or a rotating structure of a planar illuminating board with a universal joint direction adjuster, and the volume is independent.
  • the large flat panel illuminating board used for space is fixed by angle irons in a detachable suspension form (for convenient maintenance and insulation isolation), hoisted at the top of the independent space of the refrigerator and installed on the inner wall of the surrounding space in the independent space of the warehouse (ground
  • the illuminating board is installed on the inner wall of the vegetable and fruit agricultural product storage structure, and the fixed illuminating structure of the flat illuminating board is not adjustable, and the rotating structure of the large illuminating panel can be adjusted to illuminate the light source group.
  • each illuminating light source electrode is collected on one side of each illuminating plate L, and is respectively connected to corresponding wiring ports of the thyristors 23, 24, 25, and generates a pulse period scan of 22 by a computer programmable pulse scanning signal generator Combined signal, regulating the conduction and closing of the two-way thyristor electronic switches 23, 24, 25 Controlling the light source groups 26, 27, 28 of the red, green, and basket light source groups corresponding to the illumination to emit a pulsed or pulsed periodic scan or a pulsed periodic scan combined spectrum optical signal, the electrical control principle is the same as the above embodiment, The principle of temperature and humidity regulation is the same as that of the above embodiment.
  • the typical fresh-keeping trend test method and test process of the present invention refer to the agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China NY/T428-2000, the agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China: (non-polluted food vegetables) NY 5193-2002 and related vegetable and fruit testing, packaging, Preservation standards or methods for transportation and storage; by measuring the pulse period with a photometer, the light intensity in the illumination environment is several hundred lux, and at noon, the solar illuminance can reach hundreds of thousands of lux; generating a pulsed periodic scanning illumination environment Artificial light physics technology devices consume very little energy.
  • Trend test 1 12 pieces of lettuce collected were divided into four groups according to the agricultural industry standards NY/T428-2000 and NY 5193-2002, and each group was divided into three groups.
  • One group was placed in the above-mentioned test device to place vegetables and fruits.
  • the light signal is irradiated (light signal illuminance 400 lux illuminance unit); one group is placed under natural light or in a glass greenhouse; one group is placed in a dark room equipped with incandescent lamps, and one group is placed in a dark room with all black,
  • the four groups of lettuce samples were all the same except for the light conditions.
  • the other conditions of water, air (25 ° C) and humidity (85%) were the same.
  • Trend test 2 Pulsed combined spectral periodic scanning optical signal physical environment test group and cold storage control group control test; optical signal parameter setting and trend test 1 optical signal parameter setting is the same, packaging and freezer meets NY/T428-2000 NY 5193 -2002 Preservation standard for packaging, transportation and storage, refrigerator temperature 5 °C humidity 85%, 12 pieces of lettuce to be harvested into four groups according to agricultural industry standards NY/T428-2000, NY 5193-2002 3 groups per group, observation observation every 6 hours, observation of the appearance of lettuce samples after 168 hours found: Pulsed spectral cycle scanning light signal physical conditions, lettuce is still fresh and straight; reefer physical conditions, control The leaves of lettuce were slightly wilted, and the early leaves of the yellow leaves were atrophied and yellow; Test results: The fresh-keeping effect of lettuce in the light signal physical environment test group was significantly better than that in the cold storage control group. More varieties of vegetables and fruits were used for many experiments to obtain results: The light signal physical environment test group has the advantage of preservation.
  • Trend test 3 (Typical extreme control test a): The freshly harvested Hainan Island betel nut fruits were divided into three groups according to the agricultural industry standard NY/T428-2000. NY 5193-2002, and the test conditions were: light signal. The parameter setting is the same as the light test parameter setting of trend test 1. The packaging and freezer meet the preservation standards of packaging, transportation and storage in NY/T428-2000 and NY 5193-2002.
  • the temperature of the refrigerator is 5 °C and the humidity is 85% (in accordance with NY/ T428-2000, NY 5193-2002); (a) 3 parts of Hainan Island betel nut fruit placed in the spectral period scanning photophysical environment for 30 days; Observing the appearance of the test specimens, the betel nut fruit shows strong vitality and fresh state; b) 3 parts were placed in a room temperature of 25 ° C, atrophy and black rot on the surface in 7 days; (c) 2 parts in the refrigerator for 10 days atrophy and black rot on the outside.
  • Trend test 4 (Typical extreme control test b): The freshly harvested oolong tea variety Huangdan tea buds were divided into four groups according to the agricultural industry standards NY/T428-2000 and NY 5193-2002. a group of placed in the above-mentioned test device placed in the vegetable and fruit structure, for light signal irradiation; a group placed in the indoor light transmission (natural illuminance 400 LUX); - group placed in a temperature of 5 ° C humidity 85% reefer; 72 hours observation and inspection samples: Spectral light signal irradiation group showed strong vitality, tea buds straight and fresh, and a strong tea aroma; indoor light-transparent place placed tea bud leaves with slight blackening; chiller control tea bud Leaves with wilting slightly atrophied and yellow; The yellow dan tea produced by the same process has the best aroma of the spectral light signal irradiation group, and the tea color is the most golden and translucent; the cells in the above test sample are taken separately for determination, and the total soluble sugar and
  • the invention can effectively extend the fresh state of vegetables and fruits during harvesting, and achieve the purpose of safe and low energy consumption of vegetables and fruits under room temperature conditions.

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Description

一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置，特别是一种蔬菜水果保鲜 的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置。
背景技术
农产品的保鲜和加工是农业生产的继续， 是农业再生产过程中的 "二产经济"， 世 说
界各国家均把农业生产后蔬菜水果保鲜贮藏加工放在农业的首要位置。 蔬菜水果是鲜活 食品， 采收后易腐烂， 为延长保鲜期， 冷藏是现代化蔬菜水果的主要保鲜贮藏形式之一， 可在气温较高的季节周年进行贮藏， 以保证果品的周年供应。 低温冷藏可降低蔬菜水果 的呼吸代谢、 病原菌的发病率和果实的腐烂率， 达到阻止组织衰老、 延长果实贮藏期的 目的。 各国科研人员对高耗能冷藏保鲜技术进行改进书， 它是采用高于蔬菜水果组织冻结 点的较低储存环境温度实现蔬菜水果的保鲜。 但是， 冷藏保鲜技术中存在高消耗电能制 造冷气系统， 另外不适宜的低温反而会影响贮藏寿命， 丧失商品流通及食用价值。 防止 冷害和冻害的关键是按不同蔬菜水果的习性， 严格控制温度， 冷藏期间有些蔬菜水果如 鸭梨需采用逐步降温的方法以减轻或不发生冷害。 所以， 冷藏保鲜存在高消耗电能的历 史难题以及冷藏保鲜过程中防止蔬菜水果冷害和冻害的操作难度缺点问题。 目前， 探索 室温条件下， 采收后蔬菜水果通过光信号调控恢复新陈代谢维持慢速生长， 光信号技术 物理方法用于蔬菜水果保鲜贮藏目的至今未见国内外报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在室温贮藏条件下或温度湿度调控条件下，利用脉冲式 或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的红、 绿、 蓝可见光谱光信号， 实现采收后蔬菜水果在光信 号光照环境中恢复新陈代谢进行光合作用维持慢速生长， 并可实现调控采收后蔬菜水果 慢速生长速度， 使已经收获蔬菜水果初始新鲜状态到发生成熟老化和腐烂的时间有效延 长的蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施来达到： 一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方 法， 其特征在于采用计算机可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器来控制安装有红、 绿、 篮灯光 源组的装置产生脉冲或脉冲扫描组合光谱的灯光信号， 使室温贮藏条件下或温度湿度调 控条件下受照射蔬菜水果在光信号物理环境条件下调控慢速生长， 蔬菜水果采收后新鲜 状态得以有效延长， 使得室温贮藏条件下或温度湿度调控条件下蔬菜水果保持新鲜或保 鲜时间延长. 一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置， 包括主框架、 外壳、 门、 蔬果放置装置， 其 特征在于： 还有由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构、 计算机可编程序脉 冲扫描信号发生器、 红光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器、 绿光源双向可控硅电子开关控 制器、 蓝光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器、 红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组， 计算机可 编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器产生的脉冲周期扫描组合信号， 调控对应红光源双向可控硅 电子开关、 绿光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器、 蓝光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器的导 通和关断， 从而控制红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组对应发光， 发出脉冲式或脉冲式周 期扫描或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的光信号。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下措施来达到： 通过调节计算机可编程序脉冲扫描信号 发生器输出控制信号的频率、 扫描组合形式、 扫描时间周期、 信号的通断时间比， 实现 所述的组合光谱的灯光信号的强度可调， 脉冲周期可调， 红、 绿、 蓝脉冲可见光扫描组 合形式可调， 扫描周期可调、 光信号的通断时间比可调。 室温贮藏条件下或温度湿度调 控条件下， 处于人造光信号物理环境受照射保鲜的蔬菜水果， 在亮暗周期变化的光信号 光照环境中获得光合作用中光反应所需光子能量， 使细胞组织恢复新陈代谢并维持新陈 代谢及生长惯性的慢速进行。
所述的光信号发生装置可制成箱柜式结构， 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的 发光板结构安装于主框架及外壳的四周内侧，在由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的 发光板结构的表面装有起防护作用的透明隔离网或透明玻璃隔离板， 在外壳内装有排气 电风扇及通风道， 在外壳下部设有通风道下部进风孔， 在外壳的一侧装有对保鲜蔬菜水 果自动加湿控制系统及加湿导管接口， 自动加湿控制系统与水存储罐相通， 湿度及温度 探头安装在蔬菜水果农产品存放结构内， 带温度探头的温控器连接排气电风扇。 所述的 光信号发生装置可制成箱柜通道式结构， 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板 结构安装于主框架及外壳的四周内侧， 在外壳内装有排气电风扇及通风道， 在外壳的上 部装有对保鲜蔬菜水果自动加湿控制系统及加湿导管接口， 自动加湿探头及温度探头安 装于蔬菜水果保鲜存放结构内， 自动加湿控制系统与进水管相通， 带温度探头的温控器 连接排气电风扇， 主框架制成可升降调节支撑杆结构。 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼 接成的发光板结构是把红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组按发出红、 绿、 蓝光或红、 蓝、 绿光间隔排列成发光板， 重复规则排列发光板拼接成发光板结构， 红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组采用单根线状发光灯管、 单点点状发光灯泡或单点点状 LED发光二极管组成， 或采用多根线状发光灯管组、 多点点状发光灯泡组或多点点状 LED发光二极管组成， 或 采用低能耗高效节能稀土材料发光器件组成， 红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组的排列拼 接结构可按一定间隔， 安装拼接组成直线平行形式。 红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组的 排列拼接结构可安装拼接组成同心圆形式。 红光源组、 绿光源组、 蓝光源组的排列拼接 结构可安装拼接组成放射状形式。
本发明的理论依据
(a)蔬菜水果都离不开光照进行光合作用维持新陈代谢生长状态。依据教科书生物学 植物光合作用细胞组织新陈代谢原理， 在室温条件下 5 〜35°C， 体表湿度大于 65%条件 下， 本发明的脉冲式或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的红、 绿、 蓝可见光谱光信号提供低照 度（典型数值区间 40-1000LUX 1%等效太阳光)蔬菜水果保鲜的光合作用高光增益光照 环境， 脉冲式光照环境的光子能量级别高于相同等效光照度的连续光谱光环境中光子的 能量级别。 刚采摘的蔬果在低照度高能级光子的光信号光照环境中仍然能够获得光合作 用所需足够的光子能量，维持惯性新陈代谢慢速生长状态。
(b)植物新陈代谢生长过程的生物学基础常识： 光合作用过程光反应和暗反应一个周 期时间体表单糖转化合成多糖有机物储存于植物体内。下一光合作用周期的光反应期间， 植物体表腾出光反应再一次生成单糖及碳水化合物的位置空间， 利于高效率生成单糖及 碳水化合物，生成植物生长保持新陈代谢状态的周期亮暗光环境必需重复循，光反应和暗 反应周期频率加快 (从自然昼夜 24小时周期时间人工调节为秒级别周期时间），利于提高 单糖形成总量及最终转化合成总量更多的多糖有机物储存于植物体内。
另外，我们在进行本发明光信号蔬菜保鲜与连续光谱蔬菜存放对照的科学研究实验 中， 依据实验现象总结出光反应和暗反应周期频率加快 (从自然昼夜 24小时周期时间人 工调节为秒级别周期时间）， 低能耗（40-1000LUX范围内 1%太阳光）光信号对蔬菜保鲜 过程光合作用效率提高:对比人类已经熟悉的自然光环境昼夜 24小时光暗反应一个周期， 太阳光辐射环境下高热量引起切除根部蔬菜水分蒸腾挥发，没有根部提供水分补充，蔬菜 干沽； 切除根部蔬菜存放在没有光线环境中，也没有了光子能量提供光合作用维持新陈代 谢，蔬菜体内发酵腐烂。蔬菜保鲜实验首先以 24小时作为一个蔬菜保鲜试验周期时间段， 光信号蔬菜保鲜 24小时， 试验中施加的光信号的光暗反应周期时间为秒级别， 相比较自 然光环境昼夜 24小时光暗反应一个周期， 周期时间为秒级别的光信号较昼夜 24小时光 暗反应一个周期的自然光具有高频率特征， 其平均光照度 (典型数值 100LUX)与连续光谱 等效光照度 (典型数值 100LUX)相同， 较高频率 (秒级别）的光信号蔬菜保鲜过程呈现出明 显的单糖合成增多及转化为多糖增加的现象， 表明较高频率 (秒级别）的光信号环境， 存 在高光增益特征， 具有使植物体内叶绿体光合作用效率提高的优势， 从而可以采用低能 级光信号（典型数值区间 40--1000LUX l%等效太阳光)进行蔬菜保鲜，保鲜过程对切除根 部的保鲜蔬菜受热辐射导致体内脱水干涸的热影响影响降到最低。 接着比较检测相同保 鲜周期内（5-7天）的蔬菜，相同低能级光照度 (40-1000LUX范围内）的较高频率 (秒级别） 光信号的停顿间隙次数相比较低频率 (分钟级别、 十分钟级别或小时级别)光信号的停顿 间隙次数， 有较高数量的停顿次数， 对比表明为单位干物质总量增加值更多， 叶绿素和 抗坏血酸 Vc含量增加值也更多。低能级光照度 (40-1000LUX范围内 1%等效太阳光）的较 高频率 (秒级别)光信号能使蔬菜保鲜维持新陈代谢保持慢速生长过程中光合作用效率提 高， 体内单糖转化为多糖频率加快， 细胞分子腾出了生成及暂时储存单糖的表层， 下一 周期单糖生成的阻尼降低， 一定保鲜时间周期内（例如 5-7天)多次数的光反应生成的单 糖更多， 多次数的暗反应过程单糖转化为多糖增多。 较高频率（秒级别）的低能耗 (40-1000LUX范围内 1%太阳光）光信号对蔬菜保鲜过程进行较光合作用效率提高， 体 现在实验结果中， 测试结果表明为单位干物质总量增加值更多， 叶绿素和抗坏血酸 Vc含 量增加值也更多。
(c)蔬菜水果在亮暗周期变化的光信号光照环境中维持惯性新陈代谢慢速生长， 依 据教科书生物学植物光合作用细胞组织新陈代谢原理可知： 体表体内组织细胞获得光子 能量， 体表毛细代谢导管口打开， 吸入水分子使表面张力恢复， 体表体内组织细胞吸氧 代谢作用与吸二氧化碳代谢作用的共同作用， 蔬菜水果体内的催熟剂一乙烯气体 C2H4 排出，催熟剂——乙烯气体 C2H4不会在体内积聚，减弱蔬菜水果催熟剂乙烯在体内快速 生成积聚呈现发酵特征进而出现蔬菜水果机体腐烂， 体表二氧化碳有抑制需氧菌和霉菌 的繁殖作用；另外，高频脉冲光谱紫外频谱分量（存在于蓝光光源发出的光信号高频谐波 频谱中， 依据紫外线杀菌知识： 采用波长 253. 7nm频谱分量最佳）抑制霉菌细菌繁殖的 效果优于连续紫外线，使蔬菜水果体内细菌无法快速大量繁殖， 降低蔬菜水果的快速腐烂 率。
(d)室温 5 〜35°C，体表湿度大于 65%条件下，低光照度 (40--1000LUX l%等效太阳光) 光信号环境中， 已收获蔬菜水果组织细胞保持新陈代谢过程， 吸入水分子使表面张力恢 复， 恢复原有生长惯性维持新陈代谢的慢速进行的同时， 防止无氧呼吸的产生（无氧呼 吸指 生活细胞对有机物进行的不完全的氧化没有分子氧参与，其氧化后的不完全氧化 产物呈现发酵特征）， 并使体内有害物质 （指非生命维持新陈代谢所需物质）排出体表。 依据植物生理知识： 体表体内组织细胞吸氧代谢作用与吸二氧化碳代谢作用的共同作用， 保鲜蔬菜水果恢复慢速生长， 形成慢速新陈代谢生长蔬菜水果保鲜过程。
( e) 依据教科书牛顿光学原理， 太阳光是吸收光谱， 在其本身的各谱线间已存在着 吸收暗线，它形成了一种色光组合。 太阳地球相对运动， 地球周期自转， 太阳光东升西斜 经过大气层照射到地球表面上的过程中由于其受到各层气层中不断运动着的水蒸汽、 冰 晶、 烟雾和尘埃等物质的阻挡影响， 太阳光被吸收，反射，折射，衍射，干涉;，地球表面的 太阳光环境中， 照射到植物上光合作用的太阳光客观上已呈现移动、 周期性、 脉冲、 光 谱组合变化的光信号特性。 本发明的由计算机可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器调控产生脉 冲式或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的红、 绿、 蓝可见光谱光信号， 实现可调控的移动、 周 期性、 脉冲、 红绿蓝光谱组合变化的低能级 （四十至一千勒克斯 1%等效太阳光）光信 号特征。
(f)依据教科书牛顿光学及热辐射原理，室温 5 〜35°C，体表湿度大于 65%条件下， 本 发明低能耗光信号蔬菜保鲜装置中光照环境的光强度是四十至一千勒克斯， 使蔬菜获得 光信号能量维持新陈代谢慢速生长保鲜的同时避免了强光照度大量热量引起切除根部蔬 菜体内水分大量蒸腾挥发， 切除了根部的蔬菜在强光照度高热辐射下， 得不到根部提供 水分补充快速萎缩干化； 在夏天中午，自然太阳光光照度可达十几万勒克斯， 太阳环境下 高热度引起切除根部蔬菜体内水分蒸腾挥发而萎缩， 本发明提供蔬菜保鲜的低光照度光 信号环境（四十至一千勒克斯）， 把影响蔬菜保鲜的热干扰因素降到最低。
( g)我们在进行本发明蔬菜保鲜科学研究实验中， 依据实验现象总结提出的低能级 蓝红光信号叠加产生高光增益效应假说： 即比较相同光照度的低能级蓝红光信号分别单 独作用于蔬菜保鲜及同时作用于蔬菜保鲜， 每种光谱光信号的照射时间总量相同、 频率 相同， 结果是蓝红光信号同时作用于蔬菜保鲜的效果远优于蓝红光信号分别单独作用于 蔬菜保鲜效果， 呈现出明显的单糖合成增多及转化为多糖增加的现象， 表明这样的低能 级蓝红光信号同时同步照射蔬菜保鲜的光信号环境， 存在使蔬菜体内叶绿体进行光合作 用高光增益特征， 具有使植物生命体内叶绿体光合作用效率提高的优势。 说明蔬菜保鲜 光合作用过程， 体内叶绿体吸收光子存在光增益有效性差异， 组合光信号产生的光增益 优于单色光谱光信号产生的光增益。 所以， 可以设置采用更低光照度的组合光信号来达 到相同的蔬菜保鲜效果， 这样， 光信号对保鲜蔬菜产生的热影响就会更小。
低光照度 (40--1000LUX l%等效太阳光）的光信号环境中，避免了类似太阳光强光传 递的热能量使室温下切除根部蔬菜体内水分快速散发而萎缩， 低能耗光信号蔬菜保鲜装 置中光照环境的光强度是四十至一千勒克斯 1%等效太阳光， 使蔬菜获得光信号能量保 鲜的同时避免了强光照度引起切除根部蔬菜水分蒸腾挥发，而在中午， 自然太阳光光照度 可达十几万勒克斯；太阳环境下高热度引起切除根部蔬菜水分蒸腾挥发，没有根部提供水 分补充， 蔬菜干沽； 没有光线环境，也没有了光合作用提供的维持新陈代谢光子能量， 蔬 菜自然腐烂。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：
本发明提出设计一种低光照度 (光信号光照度小于 1%中午太阳光最大光照度）脉冲 式、 光谱组合、 周期性扫描的红、 绿、 蓝可见光谱光信号照射采收后蔬菜水果， 通过对 计算机可编程序控制器输入编程控制程序， 设置脉冲信号扫描顺序变化控制方式， 调控 红， 绿， 蓝光的脉冲周期、 扫描形式、 组合方式， 及调整光信号参数： 光照度、 光谱脉 冲的周期， 光谱组合和扫描的速度， 光信号产生和停止之间时间周期比值， 以及调节照 射保鲜蔬菜光信号的亮和灭时间（人工创造出光反应和暗反应时间），在室温 5 〜35°C湿 度大于 65%条件下，使蔬菜水果在光信号光照环境中恢复新陈代谢并实现调控慢速生长速 度， 蔬菜水果在光信号光照环境中维持新鲜状态， 使蔬菜水果采收时新鲜状态得以有效 延长， 达到保持新鲜或保鲜时间延长目的， 保鲜批次可以重复， 可以灵活控制， 可以方 便进入家庭化及实现工厂化生产使用。 本发明所消耗电能非常低， 人造脉冲式周期扫描 光信号光照环境属于低光照度环境 (光信号光照度小于 1%中午太阳光最大光照度)。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的光信号发生装置采用箱柜式结构时的示意图；
图 2一图 4本发明的光信号发生装置采用箱柜通道式结构时的示意图；
图 5_图 7为可升降调节支撑杆结构的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明控制电路原理方框图；
图 9是本发明的红.绿.蓝光发光板发光示意图；
图 10为发光板红.绿.蓝光源组直线平行形式安装位置排列平面结构示意图； 图 11为发光板红.绿.蓝光源组同心圆形式安装位置排列平面结构示意图； 图 12为发光板红.绿.蓝光源组直线放射形式安装位置排列平面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将结合附图 （实施例）作进一步详述：
实施例一
参照图 1， 本发明包括由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 1、 主框 架 2、 外壳 3、 门 4、 内部电控箱 5 (内置各控制电路)、 悬挂式蔬果放置装置 6、 起防护 作用的透明隔离网或透明玻璃隔离板 7、 电风扇及通风道 8、 通风道下部进风孔 9、 指示 灯 10、 电源开关 11、 支承脚或移动滑轮 12、 自动加湿系统 13、 加湿导管接口 14、 计算 机可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器 22、红光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器 23、绿光源双向 可控硅电子开关控制器 24、蓝光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器 25、红光源组 26、绿光源 组 27、 蓝光源组 28等。 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 1安装于主 框架 2及外壳 3的四周内侧； 在由红，绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 1的 表面装有起防护作用的透明隔离网或透明玻璃隔离板 7;在外壳 3内装有排气电风扇及通 风道 8; 在外壳 3下部设有通风道下部进风孔 9; 在外壳 3的一侧装有自动加湿系统 13 及加湿导管接口 14，自动加湿系统 13的湿度探头及温控器温度探头安装在蔬菜水果农产 品存放结构内， 自动加湿控制系统与水存储罐相通， 带温度探头的温控器连接排气电风 扇。
实施例二
参照图 2—图 4， 其结构组成基本与图 1相同。 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接 成的发光板结构 1安装于主框架 2及外壳 3的四周内侧； 在外壳 3内装有排气电风扇及 通风道 8; 在外壳 3的上部装有自动加湿系统 13及加湿导管接口 14; 自动加湿系统 13 与进水管 16相通， 自动加湿系统 13的湿度探头及温控器温度探头安装在蔬菜水果农产 品存放结构内， 带温度探头的温控器连接排气电风扇。 主框架 2制成可升降调节支撑杆 结构 15。 具体是推荐的插销式升降支撑架调节器方式（见图 5); 推荐的螺丝升降支撑架 调节器方式 （见图 6); 推荐的插销粗调配合螺丝细调升降支撑架调节器方式 （见图 7)。 升降支撑架调节器使箱柜通道式结构内放置蔬菜水果空间高度由插销或螺丝调整， 也方 便拆卸运输。
图 8中的 21是电源输入调压器（自耦式调压器外部安放设置， 输入交流电源电压〜 2 2 0 V , 输出交流电源电压 0 ~ 2 2 0 V可光信号光照度强度）； 22是计算机可编程序 脉冲扫描信号发生器， 控制程序编制输入后由按钮板启动； 23是控制红灯光源组亮暗开 关的双向可控硅电子开关； 24是控制绿灯光源组亮暗开关的双向可控硅电子开关； 25 是控制蓝灯光源组亮暗开关的双向可控硅电子开关； RSCR是输出红灯光源组控制信号 的接线端口； GSCR是输出绿灯光源组控制信号的接线端口； BSCR是输出篮灯光源组 控制信号的接线端口。 光源组按发出红、 绿、 蓝光或红、 蓝、 绿光间隔排列成发光板单 元， 重复规则排列发光板单元， 拼接成满足照射存放空间尺寸所需光照度要求的发光板 结构并安装于蔬菜水果农产品存放空间结构内壁； 26是发光板结构中发出红色光谱光信 号的光源组， 27是发光板结构中发出蓝色光谱光信号的光源组， 28是发光板结构中发出 绿色光谱光信号的光源组。
图 9中 L表示发光板红.绿.蓝光发光器件电线汇集接口连接到计算机可编程序脉冲 扫描信号发生器 22; R 1——表示发红光第 1光源组， Rn——表示发红光第 n光源组，亮 或灭由图 8中 26的红灯控制信号的接线端口对应控制， G 1—表示发绿光第 1光源组， Gn——表示发绿光第 n光源组，亮或灭由图 8中 27的绿灯控制信号的接线端口对应控制， B 1——表示发蓝光第 1光源组， B n——表示发蓝光第 n光源组， 亮或灭由图 8中 28的 蓝灯控制信号的接线端口对应控制。
图 10中 Rn是发光板结构中发出红色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Bn是发光板结构中 发出蓝色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Gn是发光板结构中发出绿色光谱光信号的第 n光源 组， 按 (a)红.绿.蓝.红.绿.蓝重复排列 或 (b)红.蓝.绿.红.蓝.绿重复排列直线平行形式排列 结构安装组成。
图 11中红.绿.蓝直线光源组同心圆按一定间隔安装， 图 11中 Rn是发光板结构中发 出红色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Bn是发光板结构中发出蓝色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Gn是发光板结构中发出绿色光谱光信号的第 n光源组；各光源组同心圆成一定间隔，按： (a)红、 绿、 蓝、 红、 绿、 蓝重复排列的同心圆形式排列结构 或 (b)红、 蓝、 绿、 红、 蓝、 绿重复排列同心圆形式排列结构安装组成。
图 12中 Rn是发光板结构中发出红色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Bn是发光板结构中 发出蓝色光谱光信号的第 n光源组， Gn是发光板结构中发出绿色光谱光信号的第 n光源 组；各光源组成一定规则间隔放射状排列，按红.绿.蓝.红.绿.蓝重复排列直线放射状形式 排列结构安装； 或红.蓝.绿.红.蓝.绿重复排列直线放射状形式排列结构安装。
如图 1-图 12所示， 用 0.35-0.75mm不锈钢板焊成主框架 2及箱柜式结构外壳 3; 或用钢管制成图 2通道式可升降空间高度的可升降调节支撑杆结构， 前后左右及顶端底 端用不锈钢板把整个装置密闭成为一个暗室系统， 单侧或两侧安装可开合的门 4。 由红, 绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 1安装于主框架通道 2四周内侧 (地面及两 侧门除外)， 绝缘隔离可拆卸。 装置中， 光源组按发出红、 绿、 蓝光或红、 蓝、 绿光间隔 排列成发光板， 重复规则排列发光板拼接成发光板结构安装于蔬菜水果农产品存放结构 空间内壁， 固定后的平面发光板结构发光照射方向不可调， 平面发光板旋转结构可调节 光源组发光板照射方向， 各发光光源电极汇集于每块发光板一侧 L， 分别连接到双向可 控硅 23、 24、 25的对应接线端口， 通过计算机可编程脉冲扫描信号发生器 22输出脉冲 扫描控制开关信号控制双向可控硅 23、 24、 25的通断状态,使装置中的对应发光红、 绿、 蓝光源组1¾、 G、 B产生各种有规律的脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱光信号， 电源输入调压器 21调节光信号强度的光照度参数；扫描组合形式典型例 1:如红光的扫描顺序可以是， (a) 红光 R1亮、 其他红光灭→红光 R2亮、 其他红光灭→按此扫描顺序变化→红光 Rn亮、 其他红光灭；（b)红光 R1亮、 其他红光灭→红光 Rl、 R2亮、 其他红光灭→按此扫描顺序 变化→红光 1、 2、 …红光 Rn亮、 其他红光灭→红光全亮及全灭,接着,本程序反向运行； 如此本程序重复循环正向、 反向运行。 绿光、 蓝光的扫描过程类同上述红光的扫描； 还 可以产生不同光线的交叉、 组合； 扫描组合形式典型例 2: 如蓝光 B1亮其他红、 绿、 蓝 光灭→蓝光 B1红光 R1亮其他红、 绿、 蓝光灭→蓝光 B1红光 R1亮绿光 G1亮其他红、 绿、蓝光灭→按此扫描顺序变化→蓝光 Βιι红光 Rn亮绿光 Gn亮其他红、 绿、蓝光灭→ 按此扫描顺序变化→接着,本程序反向运行； 如此本程序重复循环正向、反向运行。 扫描 组合形式典型例 3: 蓝光 B1红光 R1亮绿光 G1亮其他红、 绿、 蓝光灭→蓝光 B1红光 R1亮绿光 G1蓝光 B2红光 R2亮绿光 G2亮其他红、 绿、 蓝光灭→按此扫描顺序变化→ 蓝光 B1红光 R1亮绿光 G1蓝光 B2红光 R2亮绿光 G2亮→按此扫→红、 描顺序变化→ 蓝光 Βιι红光 Rn亮绿光 Gn亮其他红、 绿、 蓝光灭→按此扫描顺序变化绿、 蓝光全亮及 全灭（设计在全亮及全灭后停顿时间），接着，，本程序反向运行； 扫描组合形式典型例 4: 蓝光 +红光， 红光 +绿光，绿光 +蓝光， 蓝光 +红光→按此扫描顺序变化产生不同光线的交 叉、 组合扫描形式； 上述的典型例： 通过计算机可编程脉冲扫描信号发生器 22产生的脉 冲周期扫描组合信号， 来调控双向可控硅电子开关 23、 24、 25的导通和关断， 来控制安 装有红、 绿、 篮光源组 26、 27、 28对应发光 R、 G、 B的光源组发出脉冲式或脉冲式周 期扫描或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的光信号， 在扫描一个周期以后可以全部光熄灭， 形 成光反应和暗反应周期时间； 产生一个脉冲周期后， 再重复上述脉冲扫描过程； 发光光 源组 R、 G、 B发出红、 绿、 篮光信号及组合光信号照射蔬菜水果， 室温 5 〜35°C湿度 大于 65%条件下实现蔬菜水果保鲜目的。另外，装置辅助自动加湿器的水雾导管及制冷装 置导管冷气导管连接于顶部或后面导管接口进入蔬菜水果农产品存放结构内， 自动加湿 控制系统与水存储罐相通或与进水管连接， 湿度及温度探头安装在蔬菜水果农产品存放 结构内， 带温度探头的温控器连接排气电风扇； 整个系统采用交流 220V的电源供电， 电 源输入调压器 21的输入端接电源控制开关输出端的交流 220V，输出 0~220V连接主发光 板电路以调节光信号光照度参数； 脉冲光谱光信号参数： 红、 绿、 蓝光源组全亮光照度 ^ lOOOlux, 红光中心波长 660nm， 绿光中心波长 550nm， 蓝光中心波长 420nm， 脉冲占 空比 50% 〔即脉冲亮 / (亮 +灭） 时间〕， 脉冲宽度 500ms， 扫描周期间隙时间 2s， 1 个扫描周期 10s; 结构中还可以安装有通风机 8， 温湿度计， 温度湿度调控装置， 自动加 湿系统 12， 漏电保护装置， 电源输入调压器 21。
实施例三
本发明制造步骤还可在冷藏库、 电冰箱或冷柜实施， 或在电冰箱、 冷柜中设置一个 独立空间实施本发明用于蔬菜水果保鲜。 发光板红.绿.蓝光源组安装固定于长方形（或正 方形） 绝缘板 （或绝缘铁皮）平面上， 做成平面发光板结构或带万向节方向调节器平面 发光板旋转结构， 大体积独立空间使用的大平面发光板绝缘板四周用角铁固定， 成可拆 卸的悬吊形式（以方便维修， 绝缘隔离）， 吊装于冷藏库独立空间顶端及安装于库内独立 空间四周墙内壁 (地面及两侧出入门除外)；装置中， 发光板安装于蔬菜水果农产品存放结 构内壁， 固定后的平面发光板悬挂式结构发光照射方向不可调， 大空间安装平面发光板 旋转结构可调节光源组发光板照射方向； 各发光光源电极汇集于每块发光板一侧 L， 分 别连接到双向可控硅 23、 24、 25的对应接线端口， 通过计算机可编程脉冲扫描信号发生 器产生 22的脉冲周期扫描组合信号， 调控双向可控硅电子开关 23、 24、 25的导通和关 断， 控制安装有红、 绿、 篮光源组对应发光的光源组 26、 27、 28发出脉冲式或脉冲式周 期扫描或脉冲式周期扫描组合光谱的光信号， 其电气控制原理与以上实施例相同， 温湿 度调控原理与以上实施例相同。
本发明的实际使用例
本发明的典型保鲜趋势试验方法及试验过程,参考中华人民共和国农业行业标准 NY/T428-2000、 中华人民共和国农业行业标准： （无公害食品蔬菜） NY 5193-2002及相关 蔬菜水果检测、 包装、 运输及贮藏的保鲜标准或方法； 通过用光度计测量脉冲周期扫描 光照环境中的光强度是几百勒克斯， 而在中午， 太阳光光照度可达十几万勒克斯； 产生 脉冲式周期扫描光照环境的人造光物理技术装置耗能非常低。
趋势试验 1: 将采收的生菜 12份按农业行业标准 NY/T428-2000、 NY 5193-2002经 过感官检验合格分成四组， 每组 3份， 一组放入上述试验装置内置的放置蔬菜水果结构 中， 进行光信号照射 （光信号光照度 400勒克斯光照度单位)； 一组放在自然光下或玻璃 温室内； 一组放入安装有白炽灯的暗室中， 一组放在全黑的暗室中， 四组生菜试样除了 光照条件不同以外， 其余水、 空气 (25°C)、 湿度 (85%)等条件全部相同， 处理过程每 6小 时进行一次观察检査生菜试样外观， 48 小时后检査结果发现： （a)全黑暗条件下生菜已 出现严重的黄化， 早生叶已枯黄萎缩， 轻度烂叶； （b)白炽灯 (40瓦电灯泡 光照度大于等 于 400勒克斯光照度单位)照射条件的生菜， 出现干黄萎湄；（c)自然光条件下的生菜干黄 萎湄； （d)脉冲式光谱周期扫描光信号物理条件下， 生菜仍然新鲜挺拔； 趋势试验 1光信 号物理参数： 光照度 400勒克斯光照度单位 （脉冲式光谱光照度小于 500勒克斯光照 度单位， 为低光照度环境， 即脉冲式光谱光信号环境的光照度小于 1%太阳光 10万勒克 斯光照度单位； 脉冲光谱典型参数为光照度（红、 绿、 蓝光全亮） 400LUX,红光波长 660 nm， 绿光波长 550nm， 蓝光波长 420nm， 脉冲占空比 50% ( 即脉冲亮 /(亮 +灭） 时间 ）， 脉冲宽度 500 ms， 扫描周期间隙时间 10 s， 1个扫描周期 60s)。
趋势试验 2: 脉冲式组合光谱周期扫描光信号物理环境试验组与冷藏保鲜对照组对照 试验； 光信号参数设置与趋势试验 1 光信号参数设置相同， 包装 及冷藏箱 符合 NY/T428-2000 NY 5193-2002中包装、运输及贮藏的保鲜标准，冷藏箱温度 5°C湿度 85%， 将采收的生菜 12份按农业行业标准 NY/T428-2000、 NY 5193-2002经过感官检验合格分 成四组，每组 3份，每 6小时进行一次观察检査， 168小时后观察检査生菜试样外观发现： 脉冲式光谱周期扫描光信号物理条件下， 生菜仍然新鲜挺拔； 冷藏箱物理条件下， 对照 组生菜叶片萎湄轻微干黄早生叶已萎缩枯黄； 试验结果： 光信号物理环境试验组生菜保 鲜效果明显优于冷藏保鲜对照组。 采用了更多品种蔬菜水果进行多次实验得到结果： 光 信号物理环境试验组有保鲜优势。
趋势试验 3 (典型极端对照试验 a) ： 将新鲜采收的海南岛槟榔生果按农业行业标准 NY/T428-2000. NY 5193-2002经过感官检验合格九份分成三组，试验条件:光信号参数设 置与趋势试验 1光信号参数设置相同，包装及冷藏箱符合 NY/T428-2000、 NY 5193-2002 中包装、 运输及贮藏的保鲜标准， 冷藏箱温度 5°C湿度 85% (符合 NY/T428-2000、 NY 5193-2002)； (a) 3份置于光谱周期扫描光物理环境中的海南岛槟榔生果 30天； 观察检査 试样外观槟榔生果展现强盛生命力和新鲜状态； （b) 3份置于室温 25°C环境， 7天出现萎 缩及外表发黑腐烂； （c) 2份置于冷藏箱 10天出现萎缩及外表发黑腐烂。
趋势试验 4 (典型极端对照试验 b): 将新鲜采收的乌龙茶品种黄旦茶芽按农业行业 标准 NY/T428-2000、 NY 5193-2002经过感官检验合格十二份分成四组， 每组 3份， 一 组放入上述试验装置内置的放置蔬菜水果结构中， 进行光信号照射； 一组放在室内透光 处（自然光照度 400LUX);—组放入温度 5°C湿度 85%冷藏箱中； 72小时观察检査试样： 光谱光信号照射组展现强盛生命力、 茶芽挺拔的新鲜状态， 并且飘出强烈茶芳香； 室内 透光处放置对照组茶芽叶片萎湄轻微发黑； 冷藏箱对照组茶芽叶片萎湄轻微萎缩枯黄； 工艺相同制出的黄旦茶， 光谱光信号照射组香气最佳， 茶水色最金黄透亮； 分别取下上 述试验样品体内的细胞进行测定， 采用葱铜法、 比色法测定可溶性总糖和总蛋白， 光谱 光信号照射组可溶性总糖和总蛋白较多。
以上实验展示： 本发明使蔬菜水果采收时新鲜状态得以有效延长， 实现室温条件下 安全低能耗蔬菜水果保鲜目的。

Claims

1、一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法，其特征在于采用计算机 可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器来控制安装有红、 绿、 篮灯 光源组 的装置 产生脉冲或脉冲扫描组合光谱的灯光信号， 使受照射蔬菜水果在光信号物 理环境条件下被调控慢速生长， 蔬菜水果采收后新鲜状态得以有效延长， 使得室温贮藏条件下或温度湿度调控条件下蔬菜水果保持新鲜或保鲜时间 延长。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法， 其特征在于： 所述的组合光谱的灯光信号的强度可调， 脉冲周期可调， 红、 绿、 蓝脉冲可见光扫描组合形式可调， 扫描周期可调。
3、 根据权利要求 JL所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法， 其特征在于： 在人造光信号物理环境条件下， 受照射保鲜的蔬菜水果， 在 亮暗周期变化的光信号光照环境中获得光合作用中光反应所需光子能量， 使细胞组织恢复新陈代谢并维持新陈代谢及生长惯性的慢速进行。
4、一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，包括主框架（2)、外壳（3)、 门 （4)、 蔬果放置装置（6)， 其特征在于： 还有由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面 单元拼接成的发光板结构（1)、计算机可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器（22)、 红光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器（23)、绿光源双向可控硅电子开关控制 器（24)、 蓝光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器（25)、 红光源组（26)、 绿光 源组 （27)、 蓝光源组 （28)， 计算机可编程序脉冲扫描信号发生器 （22) 产生的脉冲周期扫描组合信号，调控对应红光源双向可控硅电子开关（23)、 绿光源双向可控硅电子开关控制器（24)、蓝光源双向可控硅电子开关控制 器 （25) 的导通和关断， 从而控制红光源组 （26)、 绿光源组 （27)、 蓝光 合光谱的光信号。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，其特 征在于：所述的光信号发生装置可制成箱柜式结构， 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板 平面单元拼接成的发光板结构（1)安装于主框架（2)及外壳（3) 的四周 内侧， 在由红，绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 （1) 的表面 装有起防护作用的透明隔离网或透明玻璃隔离板（7)， 在外壳（3) 内装有 电风扇及通风道（8)， 在外壳（3)下部设有通风道下部进风孔（9)， 在外 壳 （3) 的一侧装有自动加湿系统 （13) 及加湿导管接口 （14)。
6、根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，其特 征在于：所述的光信号发生装置可制成箱柜通道式结构， 由红,绿,蓝光源发 光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构（1)安装于主框架（2)及外壳（3) 的 四周内侧， 在外壳 （3) 内装有电风扇及通风道 （8)， 在外壳 （3) 的上部 装有自动加湿系统（13)及加湿导管接口 （14)， 自动加湿系统（13)与进 水管 （16) 相通， 主框架 （2) 制成可升降调节支撑杆结构 （15)。
7、根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，其特 征在于： 由红,绿,蓝光源发光板平面单元拼接成的发光板结构 （1) 是把红 光源组（26)、 绿光源组（27)、 蓝光源组（28)按发出红、 绿、 蓝光或红、 蓝、 绿光间隔排列成发光板， 重复规则排列发光板拼接成发光板结构， 红 光源组 （26)、 绿光源组 （27)、 蓝光源组 （28) 采用单根线状发光灯管、 单点点状发光灯泡或单点点状 LED发光二极管组成，或采用多根线状发光 灯管组、多点点状发光灯泡组或多点点状 LED发光二极管组成，或采用低 能耗高效节能稀土材料发光器件组成。
8、根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，其特 征在于： 红光源组 （26)、 绿光源组 （27)、 蓝光源组 （28) 的排列拼接结 构可按一定间隔， 安装拼接组成直线平行形式。
9、根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置，其特 征在于： 红光源组 （26)、 绿光源组 （27)、 蓝光源组 （28) 的排列拼接结 构可安装拼接组成同心圆形式。
10、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号发生装置， 其 特征在于： 红光源组 （26)、 绿光源组（27)、 蓝光源组 （28) 的排列拼接 结构可安装拼接组成放射状形式。
PCT/CN2011/071554 2011-01-28 2011-03-07 一种蔬菜水果保鲜的光信号技术物理方法及光信号发生装置 Ceased WO2012100449A1 (zh)

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