WO2012098175A1

WO2012098175A1 - Turbine housing

Info

Publication number: WO2012098175A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/050748
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Bättig; Jürg Weber; Marcel Joho; Christoph Mathey; Jerome BONETTA; Zhanjun Hou
Original assignee: Abb Turbo Systems Ag
Priority date: 2011-01-21
Filing date: 2012-01-19
Publication date: 2012-07-26
Also published as: DE102011003001A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine housing (1) of a two-stage exhaust-gas turbocharger, said housing surrounding the entire exhaust ducting of the high-pressure turbocharger (2) and the low-pressure turbocharger (3). Said turbine housing is designed as a solid housing block used as a base for the other components of the two turbochargers (2, 3). The connection of the charge-air cooler (4) to the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger is simplified as a result of equidirectional flow guidance.

Description

turbine housing

DESCRIPTION

Technical area

The invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It relates to the turbine housing of a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, which includes a high-pressure stage (HD) with an HP turbine and a HP compressor, and arranged in series, a low-pressure stage (LP) with an LP turbine and a LP compressor. The turbine housing contains the entire exhaust system of the high and low pressure stages.

Exhaust gas turbochargers are used to increase the performance of internal combustion engines, in particular reciprocating engines. Two- and four-stroke engines with large displacement are usually charged in one stage with one or more parallel exhaust gas turbochargers. With increasing engine power and, more recently, increased emissions requirements, two-stage turbocharging offers significant advantages over single-stage turbocharging.

When mounting two series-connected, conventional turbochargers on a large internal combustion engine space problems may arise. In particular, in the hot gas area, ie in the components around the exhaust gas turbine much space must be reserved due to the connection piece and expansion compensation elements for the exhaust gas turbocharger. This can result in additional costs and additional expenses during installation.

Another problem which two separately attached and interconnected turbochargers may cause involves the vibration of the solid components. In order to keep the vibration within acceptable limits, elaborate mounting arrangements must be made. In the arrangement of the Turboalder on the large internal combustion engines, this is not readily possible and also associated with much effort. State of the art

From the prior art solutions are known in which the entire exhaust system of the high-pressure and low-pressure stages takes place in a common housing. In DE2502125 a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger with two paraxial turbochargers is described with opposite flow direction. Opposite flow direction means that the two turbochargers are arranged mirror-inverted to each other, such that the two turbines are adjacent and the two compressors are arranged at opposite, free ends. The turbochargers have external bearings, which are arranged on both sides outside the turbine housing, so as not to expose the bearings to the hot flow and to ensure accessibility, which is important for maintenance. The turbine housing thus comprises, in addition to the openings for supply and discharge of the exhaust gas and the passages of the waves to the compressors, further openings for the external storage of the waves. Each additional opening in a housing is associated with additional manufacturing costs and weakens the stability of the housing.

Brief description of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a turbine housing enclosing the entire exhaust system of the high-pressure and low-pressure stages of a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, which allows a simple and space-saving arrangement of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger and is stable in itself.

According to the invention, the turbine housing of the two-stage exhaust-gas turbocharger, which encloses the entire exhaust-gas routing of the high-pressure and low-pressure stages, is designed as a solid housing block which serves as a foundation for the remaining components of the two turbochargers. By foundation is meant that the turbine housing carries the other components, and so the entire structure of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger over the foundation, so the turbine housing, on the massive engine block, or mounted on the Motoblock console is attached. In order to be able to perform this supporting function, the turbine housing has a relatively large mass. The large, inert mass in combination with a stiff construction causes a high torsional rigidity. The thus extremely extremely rigid construction of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger has high natural frequencies. The attachment of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger takes place according to the invention via the turbine housing. Either directly on a console of the internal combustion engine, or on a charge air cooler (main or intercooler) or another engine component. According to the invention, the two turbo-blades are arranged in the turbine housing such that their turbines and compressors are flowed through rectified with respect to their respective axial direction, or in other words, such that the compressors are arranged on the same side of the turbine housing. This results in significant advantages during assembly and disassembly, since the two turbochargers can be pushed as modules from one side into the turbine housing or pulled out again. In addition, the inventively designed turbine housing with the rear wall can be attached directly to the engine or another housing wall, since the accessibility to the service-requiring parts of must be made exclusively from the front.

The axes of the turbochargers of the two stages are parallel to each other, or at a small angle of about 10 ° to 45 °, converging or diverging, arranged to each other. The V-shaped arrangement can result in space savings in the area of the turbine housing or the opposite end air inlet of the compressor.

The compact and one-piece turbine housing leads to low production costs, since the two gas outlet housing halves of conventional turbocharger omitted. The transition piece between the HP turbine and the LP turbine is omitted, as well as any compensators in the gas-carrying pipes or in the mounting area of the two turbines, which are attached separately in the conventional, two-stage turbochargers on the ground. Brief description of the drawings

Subsequently, the turbine housing designed according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to figures. This shows

Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger with an inventively designed turbine housing and inserted therein

High-pressure and low-pressure turbochargers and a charge air cooler,

2 is a top view of the arrangement of FIG. 1,

3 shows a section along the axis of the low-pressure turbocharger, along the axis of the low-pressure turbocharger, through the arrangement according to FIG. 2, with only the outlines and no further details of the remaining components of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger except for the turbine housing being shown;

Fig. 4 is a along IV-IV, ie along the axis of the high-pressure turbocharger, guided section through the arrangement of FIG. 2, in turn, only the outlines and no further details are shown by the other components of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger except the turbine housing

5 is a front view of the arrangement of FIG. 1,

Fig. 6 shows a guided along Vl-Vl section through the arrangement of FIG. 5, in turn, only the outlines and no further details are shown by the other components of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger except the turbine housing

Fig. 7 is an isometric view of the empty turbine housing of the arrangement according to

Fig. 1, wherein the housing walls are shown partially transparent, so that the hidden from the outside, inner housing details are visible, Fig. 8 is a top view of the empty turbine housing of FIG. 7, again the housing walls are shown partially transparent, so that the interior details hidden from the outside are visible,

9 is a top view of an alternative variant of the arrangement of Figure 1, with - from the perspective of the turbine housing - convergent axes of the turbocharger, Fig. 10 is a top view of another alternative variant of the arrangement of FIG. 1, with - from the perspective of the turbine housing - divergent axes of the turbocharger, and

Fig. 1 1 is a top view of a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger with an inventively designed turbine housing, with inserted

High-pressure turbocharger and two low-pressure turbochargers, the housing walls of the turbine housing are shown partially transparent, so that the hidden from the outside, inner housing details are visible.

Way to carry out the invention

1 in a view obliquely from the front, in FIG. 2 in a view from above and in FIG. 5 in a view from the front, configured according to the invention, two-stage exhaust-gas turbocharger comprises a turbocharger 2 of the high-pressure stage, FIG. with a turbine and a compressor, a turbocharger 3 of the low-pressure stage, also with a turbine and a compressor, wherein the two stages have a common turbine housing 1. As a result, in the description of the components of the low-pressure stage in each case the abbreviation ND and those of the high-pressure stage, the abbreviation HD prefixed. In the exterior view of the present invention configured, two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, only the compressor housings 22 and 32 can be seen from the two stages, as well as the HD compressor the air intake 21 and the ND compressor upstream filter muffler 31 for sucking the air to be compressed. Between the air outlet 37 of the N D-compressor and the air intake 21 of the HP compressor, a charge air cooler 4 is shown. The intercooler shown (an intercooler) is shown only as a block-shaped block, without taking into account the actual size ratio to the exhaust gas turbocharger. Not shown in all figures, the exhaust gas connection pipes, so the gas supply line to the gas inlet opening 261 in the turbine housing and the Gasabführleitung from the gas outlet opening 14 in the turbine housing to the exhaust system. Also not shown is the air supply line from the air outlet 27 of the HP compressor to a possibly existing, further intercooler and then to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. The in the view from above through the gas outlet opening 14 in the turbine housing partially apparent details from the interior of the turbine housing, namely the partition wall 15 between two in the turbine housing 1 existing chambers and the gas inlet housing 36 of the LP turbine, will be explained below with reference to the following figures.

The turbine housing designed according to the invention comprises, in the first variant shown in detail in FIGS. 7 and 8, two openings 17 and 18 in a front end for receiving and fixing the two turbochargers arranged axially parallel to one another and through which they flow in the same direction each have a centrifugal compressor and an axial turbine.

By means of this arrangement with turbochargers flowed through in the same direction, the compressors of the two stages can be connected directly and without long supply lines to the intercooler between the two compressor stages. Both vertically and horizontally, the N D air outlet and HP air intake can be aligned and placed close together. When installing the intercooler, this brings enormous benefits, since the intercooler can be connected as a module directly to the flanges of the compressor. There is no need to first position and fix pipes. Similarly, the disassembly for maintenance compared to the conventional arrangements is greatly simplified because not all pipes must be dismantled, but solved directly the fastening means of the intercooler and the module can be removed.

This arrangement with through-flow in the same direction turbochargers brings the further advantage that the two-stage turbocharger with the back (opposite the front side) of the turbine housing to the engine can be arranged. Because the gas inlet opening to the HP turbine is located on this rear side, additional pipes in the hot gas area can also be omitted here, which are necessary in the case of parallel-axis turbochargers with counter-flow directions.

Of course, resulting from the arrangement with turbochargers flowed through in the same direction in the assembly, disassembly and maintenance of the turbocharger advantages, since about the assembly cranes do not need to be used in two different locations.

The inner structure of the turbine housing can be explained with reference to FIG. 6. This shows a horizontally guided respectively at the height of the axis of the turbocharger, stepped section through the two turbochargers and the turbine housing. The small black arrows represent the flow path of the hot exhaust gas. The turbine housing 1 According to the invention comprises two chambers, the combined HD gas outlet chamber 12a and LP gas inlet chamber 12b and the LP gas outlet chamber 13. The chamber 12 and the LP gas outlet chamber 13 are separated in the illustrated embodiment by the inner partition wall 15 from each other. In the partition wall 15, an opening for receiving the LP gas inlet housing 36 is provided. The exhaust gas enters through the HD gas inlet opening 261 in the turbine housing, is guided over the blades 25 of the HP turbine and then passes into the partial region of the chamber 12, the HD gas outlet chamber 12a. In the chamber 12, the exhaust gas spreads and passes through the second portion, the ND gas inlet chamber 12b in the region of the blades 35 of the LP turbine. Subsequently, the exhaust gas is supplied from the LP gas discharge chamber 13 via the gas outlet opening 14 of the exhaust system. Instead of only one partition, the two chambers may also be separated by a plurality of housing parts, and it may be present in addition to the two main chambers, even more cavities, which either remain unused, or are provided for receiving filling material, such as for isolation purposes or for damping vibrations.

The assembly process, that is to say the insertion of the remaining parts of the turbocharger into the turbine housing, can be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 shows a guided along the axis of the LP turbocharger 3 vertical section. When installing the LP turbocharger, the gas inlet housing 36 of the LP turbine is used as the first component in an opening 16 in the dividing wall 15 provided for this purpose and fastened in the region 39 along the circumference of the opening on the dividing wall. The gas inlet housing 36 of the LP turbine is formed substantially cylindrical and fits through the opening 18 in the wall of the turbine housing. Is the gas inlet housing 36 of the LP turbine used and attached, then the module with the other parts of the LP turbocharger except the turbine housing is inserted from the left into the turbine housing. The module comprises several, indicated in the figures only with their outlines components. The filter silencer 31 supplies air to the compressor in the compressor housing 32. Alternatively, instead of a filter silencer, the air can be supplied to the compressor via an air intake, for example if insufficient fresh air is available in the engine compartment. The compressor housing is connected to the bearing housing, in which the shaft of the turbocharger is rotatably mounted. The storage takes place between the impellers of the compressor and the turbine. The last Component of the turbocharger insert, which can be used as a module in the visible in Fig. 7 opening 18 in the turbine housing, is the hub body 34 with the blades 35 of the LP turbine. For the sake of simplicity, has been dispensed with a detailed representation of the entire, known intrinsic life of the turbocharger, as far as this is not relevant to the present invention. The inserted into the turbine housing module is finally secured in the region 38 along the circumference of the opening in the wall of the turbine housing to the turbine housing. These fasteners are not shown in the drawings.

Similar to the representation of the LP turbocharger in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 shows a guided along the axis of the HD turbocharger 3 vertical section through the HP turbocharger and the turbine housing. In addition, the case of the LP turbocharger as well as the wider and higher turbine housing in the area of the LP turbocharger can be seen in the background. During assembly of the HD turbocharger is used as a component, the gas inlet housing 26 of the HP turbine through the turn in Fig.7 apparent opening 17 in the front end side of the turbine housing into the gas inlet opening 1 1 in the back of the turbine housing and on the wall of the Attached turbine housing. The gas inlet housing 26 has at the free, protruding from the turbine housing end a mounting flange for attaching a Abgaszuführleitung. If the gas inlet housing 26 of the HP turbine is inserted and fastened, then the module with the other parts of the HD turbocharger is used in addition to the turbine housing in the turbine housing. The module again comprises the components already mentioned in the LP turbocharger, with the difference that, instead of the filter silencer, the HP compressor is necessarily supplied with air already compressed in the LP compressor via an air intake manifold. In the present case, the intercooler 4 is interposed between the two compressors, so that the air intake 21, the air from the intercooler 4 the HP compressor in the compressor housing 22 supplies. The inserted into the turbine housing module is finally secured in the region 28 along the circumference of the opening in the wall of the turbine housing on the turbine housing. These fasteners are not shown in the drawings.

The fasteners 38 for the LP turbocharger and 28 for the HP turbocharger are advantageously designed massive, so that they are strong enough to carry the entire weight of the respective turbocharger. An advantage of the invention designed turbine housing is that the turbine housing as a foundation, so supporting unit, the entire, two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger used by the simple but stable structure. The two turbochargers of each stage are rigidly connected to the turbine housing. Together with the stiff turbine housing results in high natural frequencies, which is for the operation of the exhaust gas turbocharger on the internal combustion engine of great value.

The attachment of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger on the turbine housing is advantageously carried out with a cross-shaped groove-comb connection on a console of the engine, a radiator or other engine component, wherein the zero point of expansion is in the region of the bearing surface between the axes of the two turbochargers. The turbine housing itself is stretched either with sufficiently long (stretchable) bolts or by means of clamping claws against the support surface.

9 and 10 show two variants of the two-stage turbocharger designed according to the invention, in which the axes of the turbochargers of the two stages do not run parallel. Accordingly, the sections of the end faces of the turbine housing 1 in the region of the HP turbocharger and also in the region of the LP turbocharger likewise do not run parallel. Run the two axes A _H D and A _{ND of} the turbocharger from the perspective of the turbine housing convergent, ie towards each other, resulting from the angled arrangement of the HP turbocharger with respect to the LP turbocharger in the intercooler 4 with respect to the arrangement of the turbocharger with parallel extending axles reduced space requirements. Correspondingly, the charge air cooler in FIG. 9 can be designed to be less long. Conversely, there is a reduced space requirement in the area of the turbine housing if the two axles A _H D and A _N D of the turbocharger divergent, ie diverging, from the turbine housing's point of view.

Analogous to the version with two exhaust gas turbochargers, the turbine housing could be extended by inserting additional partitions for a three- or multi-stage turbocharger.

Also, Nesse complemented by appropriate supplement on the side of each stage, the low-pressure stage or the high-pressure stage with a second, parallel to the first turbocharger turbocharger. In this case, no further intermediate wall would be required, but rather only the corresponding chamber would have to be expanded and introducing the openings for the additional turbocharger (s) into the respective walls of the turbine housing.

Of course Nesse such a second turbocharger one stage also on each side of the turbocharger attach the other stage, in which case the turbine housing be designed symmetrically with respect to the center turbocharger, and possibly a second partition would have to be used.

Fig. 1 1 shows a corresponding example with two external ND turbochargers and a high-pressure turbocharger in between. The turbine housing has an additional chamber for the gas outlet of the turbine of the second N D turbocharger 3 ^' , which is separated by the partition wall 15 ^' of common chamber of the gas outlet of the HP turbine. In addition, the turbine housing comprises an additional gas outlet opening 14 ^' . In this embodiment, the ND turbochargers are the same HD turbocharger only about 70% as large as in the two-stage solution with one turbocharger per stage.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

turbine housing

Gas inlet opening in the wall of the turbine housing

connecting chamber

a HD gas outlet chamber

b LP gas inlet chamber

LP gas outlet chamber

Gas outlet in the turbine housing

Partition wall between the connection chamber and the N D gas outlet opening in the partition wall

Opening in the wall of the turbine housing for HD turbocharger

Opening in the wall of the turbine housing for LP turbocharger

Turbocharger of high-pressure stage (HD)

Air intake of HD compressor

HP compressor housing

HD bearing housing

Hub body of the HD turbine

Blades of the HD turbine

Gas inlet housing of the HP turbine

1 gas inlet opening in the gas inlet housing of the HP turbine

Air outlet of the HD compressor

Attaching the HP turbocharger to the turbine housing

Attachment of the HP gas inlet housing on the turbine housing Low-pressure stage (ND) turbocharger

Filter silencer in the intake area of the N D compressor 32 N D compressor housing

33 ND bearing housing

34 Hub body of the LP turbine

35 blades of the ND turbine

36 Gas inlet housing of the LP turbine

37 Air outlet of the N D compressor

38 Mounting the LP turbocharger on the turbine housing

39 Attachment of the LP gas inlet housing to the intermediate wall

4 intercooler

AND axle of the turbocharger of the low-pressure stage

A _HD axle of the turbocharger of the high-pressure stage

Claims

P AT EN TA NSPR O CHE

1. Turbine housing a two-stage, a high-pressure turbocharger (2) and a

Low-pressure turbocharger (3) exhaust gas turbocharger, which turbine housing (1) in two cavities (12, 13) is divided, wherein the one cavity (12) the

Gas outlet of the turbine of the high pressure turbocharger connects to the gas inlet of the turbine of the low pressure turbocharger, and the second cavity (13) forms the gas outlet of the turbine of the low pressure turbocharger, characterized in that

the turbine housing on a first end face two openings (17, 18) for

Receiving the two turbochargers (2, 3), wherein is determined by the arrangement of the openings on an end face, that the compressors of the two turbochargers are respectively on the same side of the turbine housing.

2. A turbine housing according to claim 1, wherein the two cavities (12, 13) by a partition wall (15) are separated from each other, and the partition wall has an opening (16) for receiving a gas inlet housing (36) of the turbine of the low-pressure turbocharger.

3. Turbine housing according to claim 2, wherein the opening (18) in the end face to

Recording of the low-pressure turbocharger has a larger diameter than the opening (16) in the partition, such that the gas inlet housing (36) of the turbine of the low-pressure turbocharger through the opening (18) in the end face for receiving the low-pressure turbocharger can push through.

4. Turbine housing according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a second, the first end face opposite end face of the turbine housing having an opening (1 1) for receiving a gas inlet housing (26) of the turbine of the high-pressure turbocharger.

5. Turbine housing according to claim 4, wherein the opening (17) in the end face to

Receiving the high-pressure turbocharger has a larger diameter than the opening (1 1) in the second end face of the turbine housing, such that the gas inlet housing (26) of the turbine of the high-pressure turbocharger can be pushed through the opening (17) in the end face for receiving the high-pressure turbocharger.

6. Fastening device for a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, comprising a turbine housing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the turbine housing (1) is fixed to a substrate, and the remaining parts (2, 3) of the two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger from the turbine housing (1 ) are worn.

7. A two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger comprising at least a first turbocharger of a low-pressure stage and at least one second turbocharger of a high-pressure stage, wherein the at least two turbochargers have a common turbine housing, which is designed according to one of claims 1 to 5.

8. Two-stage turbocharger according to claim 7, comprising a charge air cooler (4) between the compressors of the two turbochargers, wherein the two turbochargers are arranged in the turbine housing such that an air outlet (37) of the compressor of the low-pressure turbocharger and an air intake (21) of the compressor of the

High-pressure turbocharger are arranged adjacent to each other so that they can be connected directly and without additional connecting pipes with the intercooler (4).

9. A two-stage turbocharger according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the

Low-pressure stage comprises two turbochargers and the high pressure stage comprises a turbocharger, and the turbine housing comprises a third cavity (13 ^' ), wherein the one cavity (12) the gas outlet of the turbine of the high-pressure turbocharger with the

Gas inlets of the two turbines of the low-pressure turbocharger connects, the second

Cavity (13) the gas outlet of one and the third cavity (13 ^' ) forms the gas outlet of the other low-pressure turbine.

10. Two-stage turbocharger according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the

Low-pressure stage includes a turbocharger and the high-pressure stage two turbochargers, one cavity of the turbine housing the two gas outlets of the turbines of the two high-pressure turbocharger with the gas inlet of the turbine

Low-pressure turbocharger connects, and the second cavity forms the gas outlet of the low-pressure turbine.