WO2012076590A1 - Novel triazole compounds iii - Google Patents

Novel triazole compounds iii Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012076590A1
WO2012076590A1 PCT/EP2011/072041 EP2011072041W WO2012076590A1 WO 2012076590 A1 WO2012076590 A1 WO 2012076590A1 EP 2011072041 W EP2011072041 W EP 2011072041W WO 2012076590 A1 WO2012076590 A1 WO 2012076590A1
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Prior art keywords
methyl
imidazol
triazol
fluorophenyl
disorders
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2011/072041
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French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew Thomas
Original Assignee
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
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Application filed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag filed Critical F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
Priority to JP2013542524A priority Critical patent/JP6138049B2/en
Priority to RU2013130213/04A priority patent/RU2588137C2/en
Priority to CA2819277A priority patent/CA2819277A1/en
Priority to BR112013014362A priority patent/BR112013014362A2/en
Priority to KR1020137017921A priority patent/KR20130130773A/en
Priority to CN201180058810.7A priority patent/CN103249728B/en
Priority to MX2013005965A priority patent/MX342824B/en
Priority to EP11791572.8A priority patent/EP2649064B1/en
Publication of WO2012076590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012076590A1/en
Priority to HK13113606.4A priority patent/HK1186177A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4192—1,2,3-Triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
    • C07D491/107—Spiro-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with 1,2,3-triazole-imidazole compounds having affinity and selectivity for the GABA A a5 receptor, their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as medicaments.
  • the present invention is related to compounds of formula (I)
  • GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid
  • GABA A receptors which are members of the ligand- gated ion channel superfamily
  • GABA B receptors which are members of the G-protein linked receptor family.
  • the GABA A receptor complex which is a membrane-bound
  • heteropentameric protein polymer is composed principally of , ⁇ and ⁇ subunits.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ subunits Presently a total number of 21 subunits of the GABA A receptor have been cloned and sequenced.
  • Three types of subunits ( , ⁇ and ⁇ ) are required for the construction of recombinant GABA A receptors which most closely mimic the biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological functions of native GABA A receptors obtained from mammalian brain cells.
  • the benzodiazepine binding site lies between the a and ⁇ subunits.
  • 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 mimics many effects of the classical type-I benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) subtypes
  • 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 and 5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ion channels are termed type-II BzR (R.M. McKernan, P.J. Whiting, in Recombinant Cell Surface Receptors: Focal Point for Therapeutic Intervention, M.J. Browne (Ed.) (1997) Chapter 8:155-173, R.G. Austin, TX).
  • GABA A oc5 receptor partial or full inverse agonist which is relatively free of activity at GABA A ocl and/or oc2 and/or oc3 receptor binding sites can be used to provide a medicament which is useful for enhancing cognition with reduced or without proconvulsant activity. It is also possible to use GABA A oc5 inverse agonists which are not free of activity at GABA A ocl and/or oc2 and/or oc3 receptor binding sites but which are functionally selective for oc5 containing subunits.
  • Objects of the present invention are compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters, the preparation of the above mentioned compounds, medicaments containing them and their manufacture as well as the use of the above mentioned compounds in the treatment or prevention of diseases related to the GABA A oc5.
  • the compounds of present invention are preferably inverse agonists of GABA A oc5.
  • the compounds of present invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters have high affinity and selectivity for the GABA A oc5 receptor and can be used, alone or in combination with other drugs, as cognitive enhancers or for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS),
  • the term "one or more" refers to the range from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents.
  • substituted denotes an atom or a group of atoms replacing a hydrogen atom on the parent molecule.
  • substituted denotes that a specified group bears one or more substituents.
  • any group may carry multiple substituents and a variety of possible substituents is provided, the substituents are independently selected and need not to be the same.
  • the term "unsubstituted” means that the specified group bears no substituents.
  • the term “optionally substituted” means that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents, independently chosen from the group of possible substituents.
  • the term "one or more” means from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents.
  • compound(s) of this invention and “compound(s) of the present invention” refers to compounds of formula (I) and stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, and salts (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts) thereof. It will be appreciated, that the compounds of present invention may be derivatized at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of conversion back to the parent compound in vivo. Physiologically acceptable and metabolically labile derivatives, which are capable of producing the parent compounds of present invention in vivo are also within the scope of this invention.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable esters denotes derivatives of the compounds of present invention, in which a carboxy group has been converted to an ester, wherein carboxy group means -C(0)0-. Methyl-, ethyl-, methoxymethyl-, methylthiomethyl-, and
  • esters are examples of such suitable esters.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable esters furthermore embraces derivatives of the compounds of present invention in which hydroxy groups have been converted to the corresponding esters with inorganic or organic acids such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and which are non toxic to living organisms.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts denotes salts which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both acid and base addition salts.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt denotes those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, maloneic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, embonic acid, phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluene
  • pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt denotes those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with an organic or inorganic base.
  • acceptable inorganic bases include sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases includes salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,
  • ethanolamine 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, and
  • solvate denotes crystal forms having either stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric amounts of a solvent incorporated in the crystal lattice. If the incorporated solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate. When the incorporated solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate.
  • halo halogen
  • halide halogen
  • fluoro chloro, bromo, or iodo.
  • Particular examples for halo are fluoro and chloro, most particularly fluoro.
  • alkyl denotes a monovalent linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more particular of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl.
  • alkyl is methyl, isopropyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl, most particularly methyl and isopropyl.
  • alkoxy denotes a group of the formula -O-R', wherein R' is an alkyl group.
  • alkoxy moieties include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and tert-butoxy. Particular example for alkoxy is methoxy.
  • haloalkyl denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by same or different halogen atoms, particularly fluoro atoms.
  • haloalkyl include monofluoro-, difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl, -ethyl or -propyl, for example 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoromethyl, or
  • perhaloalkyl denotes an alkyl group where all hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group have been replaced by the same or different halogen atoms. Particular examples for haloalkyl is trifluoro-methyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.
  • hydroxyalky include hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3 -hydroxypropyl, 1- (hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3 -hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2,3 - dihydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-l-hydroxymethylethyl, 2,3 -dihydroxybutyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl or 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3 -hydroxypropyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl are hydroxyiso- butyl and hydroxytert-butyl, more particularly 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl and l-hydroxy-2- methylpropan-2-yl, most particularly l-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl.
  • cycloalkyl denotes a monovalent saturated monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms, particularly a monovalent saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms.
  • Bicyclic means consisting of two saturated carbocycles having one or more carbon atoms in common.
  • Particular cycloalkyl groups are monocyclic. Examples for monocyclic cycloalkyl are cyclopropyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. Examples for bicyclic cycloalkyl are bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, or
  • cycloalkyl is cyclopropyl.
  • cycloalkylalkyl denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a cycloalkyl group.
  • examples of cycloalkylalkyl include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylpropyl and cyclopentylbutyl.
  • Particular example for cycloalkylalkyl is cyclopropylmethyl.
  • heterocycloalkyl denotes a monovalent saturated or partly unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring system of 4 to 9 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon.
  • Bicyclic means consisting of two cycles having two ring atoms in common, i.e. the bridge separating the two rings is either a single bond or a chain of one or two ring atoms.
  • Examples for monocyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-thienyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, l,l-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, homopiperazinyl, or oxazepanyl.
  • bicyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl examples include 8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, quinuclidinyl, 8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, 9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, 3- oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, or 3-thia-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl.
  • Examples for partly unsaturated heterocycloalkyl are dihydrofuryl, imidazolinyl, dihydro-oxazolyl, tetrahydro- pyridinyl, or dihydropyranyl.
  • Heterocycloalkyl can optionally substituted as described herein, particularly substituted by one ore more alkyl or oxo.
  • Particular examples for heterocycloalkyl are morpholinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl and 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6- yl, more particularly morpholinyl, 3-methyl-oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl, l,l-dioxo-l,6- thiomorpholin-4-yl, and 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
  • Most particular examples for heterocycloalkyl are 3-methyl-oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl and 2-oxa-6-aza- spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
  • aromatic denotes the conventional idea of aromaticity as defined in the literature, in particular in IUPAC - Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd, A. D.
  • aryl denotes a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system comprising 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms.
  • aryl moieties include phenyl and naphthyl. Particular example for aryl is phenyl.
  • aryloxy denotes a group of the formula -O-R', wherein R' is aryl.
  • R' is aryl.
  • An example of aryloxy is phenoxy.
  • heteroaryl denotes a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system of 5 to 12 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon.
  • heteroaryl moieties include pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, azepinyl, diazepinyl, isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquino
  • active pharmaceutical ingredient denotes the compound in a pharmaceutical composition that has a particular biological activity.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable denotes an attribute of a material which is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and is acceptable for veterinary as well as human pharmaceutical use.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipient denotes any ingredient having no therapeutic activity and being non-toxic such as disintegrators, binders, fillers, solvents, buffers, tonicity agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants or lubricants used in formulating
  • composition denotes a mixture or solution comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient together with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to be administered to a mammal, e.g., a human in need thereof.
  • agonist denotes a compound that enhances the activity of another compound or receptor site as defined e.g. in Goodman and Gilman's "The Pharmacological Basis of
  • Ki inhibition constant
  • therapeutically effective amount denotes an amount of a compound of the present invention that, when administered to a subject, (i) treats or prevents the particular disease, condition or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition or disorder described herein.
  • the therapeutically effective amount will vary depending on the compound, disease state being treated, the severity or the disease treated, the age and relative health of the subject, the route and form of
  • treating includes (1) preventing the disease state, i.e. causing the clinical symptoms of the disease state not to develop in a subject that may be exposed to or predisposed to the disease state, but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease state, (2) inhibiting the disease state, i.e., arresting the development of the disease state or its clinical symptoms, or (3) relieving the disease state, i.e., causing temporary or permanent regression of the disease state or its clinical symptoms.
  • the term "subject" denotes a vertebrate.
  • the vertebrate is a mammal.
  • Mammals include humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees and other apes and monkey species, farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and swine, domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs, and cats, laboratory animals including rodents, such as rats, mice, and guinea pigs.
  • a mammal is a human.
  • the term subject does not denote a particular age or sex. Detailed description of the invention
  • X is N or CH
  • R 1 , R 2 are alkyl, aryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo or heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo, wherein one of R 1 and R 2" is alkyl;
  • R 3 is halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, nitro, -C(0)R 4 , -C(0)NR 5 R 6 ;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy or aryloxy
  • R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2) n -cycloalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n - heterocycloalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -aryl, -(CH 2 ) n -heteroaryl, -(CH 2 ) m -NR 7 R 8 , - (CH 2 ) m -OR 9 , wherein cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; n is an integer from 0 to 6; m is an integer from 2 to 6;
  • R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
  • heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
  • Particular embodiments of present invention are compounds of formula (I) and
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein
  • X is N or CH
  • R 1 , R2 are alkyl, or aryl optionally substituted by 1 halo, wherein one of R 1 and
  • R 2 is alkyl
  • R 3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R 4 , or -C(0)NR 5 R 6 ;
  • R 4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy
  • R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cycloalkyl, or -(CH 2 ) n - heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 1 ;
  • R 6 is hydrogen; or R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
  • heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (la)
  • R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as described herein.
  • X is N.
  • X is CH.
  • one of R 1 and R 2 is alkyl, and the other one is aryl optionally substituted by one halo.
  • one of R 1 and R 2 is methyl, and the other one is phenyl optionally substituted by one fluoro or chloro.
  • one of R 1 and R 2 is methyl, and the other one is phenyl substituted by one fluoro.
  • R 1 is alkyl; and R 2 is aryl substituted by one halo.
  • R 1 is methyl
  • R 2 is phenyl substituted by one fluoro
  • R 2 is alkyl; and R 1 is aryl substituted by one halo.
  • R 2 is methyl
  • R 1 is phenyl substituted by one fluoro
  • R 3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R 4 , or
  • R 3 is trifluoromethyl, nitro, -C(0)R 4 , or -C(0)NR 5 R 6 .
  • R is trifluoromethyl.
  • R 3 is -C(0)NR 5 R 6 .
  • R 4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy.
  • R 4 is methyl, hydroxy, or methoxy.
  • R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH 2 ) n - cycloalkyl, or -(CH 2 ) n -heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl.
  • R 5 is hydrogen, isopropyl, iso-butyl substituted by hydroxy, tert-butyl substituted by hydroxy, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or oxetanyl substituted by methyl.
  • R 5 is isopropyl, tert-butyl substituted by hydroxy, cyclopropyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or oxetanyl substituted by methyl.
  • R 6 is hydrogen
  • R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo.
  • R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form l,l-dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl or 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
  • R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) as described in the examples as individual compounds as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. Furthermore, the substituents as found in the specific examples described below, individually constitute separate particular embodiments of the present invention.
  • Particular compounds of formula (I) of present invention are those selected from the group consisting of:
  • Particular compounds of formula (I) of present invention are those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) as defined herein, comprising the reaction of a compound of formula (II)
  • the invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined above obtainable by a process as described above.
  • a compound of formula (1) can be treated with Cu(I)I, sodium azide and a compound of formula IR in the presence of ascorbic acid to give a compound of formula (2).
  • Compounds of formula (2) can then be treated with a strong base, such as BuLi, in a suitable solvent, such as DME, at reduced temperatures, such as -75 °C to -35 °C, and then reacted with CuCN in the presence of LiCl in a suitable solvent, such as THF, at -75 °C and then reacted with acetylchloride to give a compound of formula (3).
  • compounds of formula (6) can be treated with compounds of formula (7) to give compounds of formula (8), which upon treatment with a base, such as potassium hydroxide, in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, give compounds of formula (2).
  • a base such as potassium hydroxide
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol
  • a compound of formula (5) can be reacted with a compound of formula (9) in the presence of potassium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as DMF, at elevated temperatures, such as +80°C to +160 °C, to give a compound of formula (I), wherein Y is fluoro or chloro.
  • the present invention also relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined above, when prepared by a process as described above.
  • CDI ⁇ , ⁇ -carbonyldiimidazole
  • DIPEA ⁇ , ⁇ -diisopropylethylamine (Hiinigs Base)
  • EDAC l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride
  • HOBt hydroxybenzotriazole
  • compositions or medicaments comprising the compounds of the invention and a therapeutically inert carrier, diluent or excipient, as well as methods of using the compounds of the invention to prepare such compositions and medicaments.
  • compositions are formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice.
  • Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by any suitable means, including oral, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal, transdermal, parenteral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration.
  • Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered in any convenient
  • compositions may comprise
  • components conventional in pharmaceutical preparations e.g., diluents, carriers, pH modifiers, preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents, antioxidants, and further active agents. They can also comprise still other therapeutically valuable substances.
  • a typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present invention and a carrier or excipient.
  • Suitable carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel H.C. et al., Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (2004) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; Gennaro A.R. et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (2000) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,
  • the formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).
  • buffers stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing
  • the dosage at which compounds of the invention can be administered can vary within wide limits and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in each particular case.
  • a daily dosage of about 0.1 to 1000 mg per person of a compound of general formula (I) should be appropriate, although the above upper limit can also be exceeded when necessary.
  • An example of a suitable oral dosage form is a tablet comprising about 100 mg to 500 mg of the compound of the invention compounded with about 90 to 30 mg anhydrous lactose, about 5 to 40 mg sodium croscarmellose, about 5 to 30 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, and about 1 to 10 mg magnesium stearate.
  • the powdered ingredients are first mixed together and then mixed with a solution of the PVP.
  • the resulting composition can be dried, granulated, mixed with the magnesium stearate and compressed to tablet form using conventional equipment.
  • An example of an aerosol formulation can be prepared by dissolving the compound, for example 10 to 100 mg, of the invention in a suitable buffer solution, e.g. a phosphate buffer, adding a tonicifier, e.g. a salt such as sodium chloride, if desired.
  • the solution may be filtered, e.g., using a 0.2 ⁇ filter, to remove impurities and contaminants.
  • compositions of the present invention possess valuable pharmacological properties and have been found to be ligands for GABA A oc5 receptors.
  • the compounds of the present invention can therefore be used, either alone or in combination with other drugs, for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are modulated by ligands for GABA A receptors containing the oc5 subunit.
  • These diseases include, but are not limited to acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, attentional disorders and need for cognition enhancement.
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • the invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances.
  • the invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor.
  • the invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms,
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance- induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • the invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder,
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • obsessive/compulsive disorders acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
  • the invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • the invention also embraces the use of compounds as defined above for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor.
  • the invention also embraces the use of compounds as defined above for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder,
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • obsessive/compulsive disorders acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute
  • the invention also relates to the use of compounds as described above for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor, particularly for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance- induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol
  • the present invention relates to the use of compounds as described above for the treatment, prevention and/or delay of progression of CNS conditions caused by neurodevelopmental defects which result in excessive GABAergic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus, wherein the CNS condition is selected from cognitive deficits in Down Syndrome, in autism, in neurofibromatosis type I, or after stroke.
  • the treatment or prevention of cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, Down syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type I are particular embodiments of present invention.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention embraces the treatment or prevention of Down syndrome.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention embraces the treatment or prevention of neurofibromatosis type I.
  • the reaction mixture was splitted in 24 tubes of 1.00 g (8.32 mmol) each.
  • reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (1.79 g, 20.0 mmol) and LiCl (1.70 g, 40.0 mmol) in THF (26 ml) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (7.10 mL, 100.0 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Solution A was composed of l-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzene (4.2 g, 35 mmol) and iodomethane (5.96 g, 42 mmol) in acetonitrile (94 mL) and Solution B was composed of sodium azide (2.73 g, 42 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (1.33 g, 6.99 mmol) in water (100 mL).
  • the reaction was ran in Uniqsis FlowSyn apparatus at 150 °C at 100 psi with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and residence time of 1.5 min for each solution A and B.
  • Solution A was composed of l-chloro-2-ethynylbenzene (6.69 g, 49 mmol) and iodomethane (8.35 g, 58.8 mmol) in acetonitrile (40.4 mL) and Solution B was composed of L-(+)-ascorbic acid sodium salt (1.73 g, 9.8 mmol) and sodium azide (3.5 g, 53.9 mmol) in water (50 mL), water: acetonitrile (1: 1, 100 mL). Copper(I) iodide was supported on a bed of molecular sieves and decalite filter.
  • reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (2.03 g, 23 mmol) and LiCl (1.92 g, 45 mmol) in THF (32 ml) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (8.02 mL, 113 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (160 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (1.23 g, 13.7 mmol) and LiCl (1.16 g, 27.4 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (4.88 mL, 68.6 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room
  • Radioligand binding assays were carried out in a volume of 200 mL (96-well plates) which contained 100 mL of cell membranes, [3H]flumazenil at a concentration of 1 nM for al, a2, a3 subunits and 0.5 nM for oc5 subunits and the test compound in the range of 10-10 3 x 10 "6 M.
  • Nonspecific binding was defined by 10 "5 M diazepam and typically represented less than 5% of the total binding.
  • Assays were incubated to equilibrium for 1 hour at 4 °C and harvested onto GF/C uni-filters (Packard) by filtration using a Packard harvester and washing with ice-cold wash buffer (50 niM Tris; pH 7.5). After drying, filter-retained radioactivity was detected by liquid scintillation counting.
  • Ki values were calculated using Excel-Fit (Microsoft) and are the means of two determinations.
  • the compounds of the accompanying examples were tested in the above described assay, and the particular compounds were found to possess a Ki value for displacement of
  • a particular embodiment embraces compounds with a Ki of 35 nM or less.
  • the compounds of the invention are binding selectively for the oc5 subunit relative to the ocl, oc2 and oc3 subunit.
  • Table 1 Binding affinities to HEK293 cells expressing human (h) receptors of representative examples.

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Abstract

The present invention is concerned with novel 1,2,3-triazole-imidazole compounds of formula (I) wherein X, R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The active compounds of present invention have affinity and selectivity for the GABA A α5 receptor. Further the present invention is concerned with the manufacture of the compounds of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as medicaments.

Description

NOVEL TRIAZOLE COMPOUNDS III
The present invention is concerned with 1,2,3-triazole-imidazole compounds having affinity and selectivity for the GABA A a5 receptor, their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as medicaments.
The present invention is related to compounds of formula (I)
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein X, R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as described below and in the claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
Receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), are divided into two main classes: (1) GABA A receptors, which are members of the ligand- gated ion channel superfamily and (2) GABA B receptors, which are members of the G-protein linked receptor family. The GABA A receptor complex which is a membrane-bound
heteropentameric protein polymer is composed principally of , β and γ subunits. Presently a total number of 21 subunits of the GABA A receptor have been cloned and sequenced. Three types of subunits ( , β and γ) are required for the construction of recombinant GABA A receptors which most closely mimic the biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological functions of native GABA A receptors obtained from mammalian brain cells. There is strong evidence that the benzodiazepine binding site lies between the a and γ subunits. Among the recombinant GABA A receptors, 1β2γ2 mimics many effects of the classical type-I benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) subtypes, whereas 2β2γ2, 3β2γ2 and 5β2γ2 ion channels are termed type-II BzR (R.M. McKernan, P.J. Whiting, in Recombinant Cell Surface Receptors: Focal Point for Therapeutic Intervention, M.J. Browne (Ed.) (1997) Chapter 8:155-173, R.G. Landes Co., Austin, TX).
It has been shown by McNamara and Skelton (Psychobiology (1993) 21:101-108) that the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist β-CCM enhance spatial learning in the Morris watermaze. However, β-CCM and other conventional benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists are proconvulsant or convulsant which prevents their use as cognition enhancing agents in humans. In addition, these compounds are non-selective within the GABA A receptor subunits, whereas a GABA A oc5 receptor partial or full inverse agonist which is relatively free of activity at GABA A ocl and/or oc2 and/or oc3 receptor binding sites can be used to provide a medicament which is useful for enhancing cognition with reduced or without proconvulsant activity. It is also possible to use GABA A oc5 inverse agonists which are not free of activity at GABA A ocl and/or oc2 and/or oc3 receptor binding sites but which are functionally selective for oc5 containing subunits. However, inverse agonists which are selective for GABA A oc5 subunits and are relatively free of activity at GABA A ocl, oc2 and oc3 receptor binding sites are preferred. Literature has been published to establish the link between GABA A oc5 subunits and the treatment of various diseases of the Central Nervous System (Neuroscience Letts. (2005) 381:108-13, Neuropsychobiology (2001 ) 43(3):141-44, Amer. J. Med. Genetics (2004) 131B:51- 9, Autism (2007) ll(2):135-47, Investigacion Clinica (2007) 48:529-41 , Nature Neuroscience (2007) 10:411-13, Neuroscience Letts. (2008) 433: 22-7, Cell (2008) 135:549-60). Objects of the present invention are compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters, the preparation of the above mentioned compounds, medicaments containing them and their manufacture as well as the use of the above mentioned compounds in the treatment or prevention of diseases related to the GABA A oc5. The compounds of present invention are preferably inverse agonists of GABA A oc5. The compounds of present invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters have high affinity and selectivity for the GABA A oc5 receptor and can be used, alone or in combination with other drugs, as cognitive enhancers or for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below.
All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The nomenclature used in this Application is based on IUPAC systematic nomenclature, unless indicated otherwise. Any open valency appearing on a carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom in the structures herein indicates the presence of a hydrogen, unless indicated otherwise.
The definitions described herein apply irrespective of whether the terms in question appear alone or in combination. It is contemplated that the definitions described herein may be appended to form chemically-relevant combinations, such as e.g. "heterocycloalkyl-aryl", "haloalkyl-heteroaryl", "aryl-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl", or "alkoxy-alkyl". The last member of the combination is a radical which is substituted by the other members of the combination in inverse order.
When indicating the number of substituents, the term "one or more" refers to the range from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents.
The term "optional" or "optionally" denotes that a subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
The term "substituent" denotes an atom or a group of atoms replacing a hydrogen atom on the parent molecule.
The term "substituted" denotes that a specified group bears one or more substituents.
Where any group may carry multiple substituents and a variety of possible substituents is provided, the substituents are independently selected and need not to be the same. The term "unsubstituted" means that the specified group bears no substituents. The term "optionally substituted" means that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents, independently chosen from the group of possible substituents. When indicating the number of substituents, the term "one or more" means from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents.
The term "compound(s) of this invention" and "compound(s) of the present invention" refers to compounds of formula (I) and stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, and salts (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts) thereof. It will be appreciated, that the compounds of present invention may be derivatized at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of conversion back to the parent compound in vivo. Physiologically acceptable and metabolically labile derivatives, which are capable of producing the parent compounds of present invention in vivo are also within the scope of this invention. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable esters" denotes derivatives of the compounds of present invention, in which a carboxy group has been converted to an ester, wherein carboxy group means -C(0)0-. Methyl-, ethyl-, methoxymethyl-, methylthiomethyl-, and
pivaloyloxymethylesters are examples of such suitable esters. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable esters" furthermore embraces derivatives of the compounds of present invention in which hydroxy groups have been converted to the corresponding esters with inorganic or organic acids such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methanesulfonic acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and which are non toxic to living organisms.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" denotes salts which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both acid and base addition salts.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" denotes those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, maloneic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, embonic acid, phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and salicyclic acid.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt" denotes those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with an organic or inorganic base. Examples of acceptable inorganic bases include sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases includes salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,
ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, and
polyamine resins.
The term "solvate" denotes crystal forms having either stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric amounts of a solvent incorporated in the crystal lattice. If the incorporated solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate. When the incorporated solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate.
The term "halo", "halogen", and "halide" are used interchangeably herein and denote fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. Particular examples for halo are fluoro and chloro, most particularly fluoro.
The term "alkyl" denotes a monovalent linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more particular of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl.
Particular examples for alkyl are methyl, isopropyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl, most particularly methyl and isopropyl.
The term "alkoxy" denotes a group of the formula -O-R', wherein R' is an alkyl group. Examples of alkoxy moieties include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and tert-butoxy. Particular example for alkoxy is methoxy.
The term "haloalkyl" denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by same or different halogen atoms, particularly fluoro atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include monofluoro-, difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl, -ethyl or -propyl, for example 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoromethyl, or
trifluoromethyl. The term "perhaloalkyl" denotes an alkyl group where all hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group have been replaced by the same or different halogen atoms. Particular examples for haloalkyl is trifluoro-methyl.
The term "hydroxyalkyl" denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. Examples of hydroxyalky include hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3 -hydroxypropyl, 1- (hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3 -hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2,3 - dihydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-l-hydroxymethylethyl, 2,3 -dihydroxybutyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl or 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3 -hydroxypropyl. Particular examples for hydroxyalkyl are hydroxyiso- butyl and hydroxytert-butyl, more particularly 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl and l-hydroxy-2- methylpropan-2-yl, most particularly l-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl.
The term "cycloalkyl" denotes a monovalent saturated monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms, particularly a monovalent saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms. Bicyclic means consisting of two saturated carbocycles having one or more carbon atoms in common. Particular cycloalkyl groups are monocyclic. Examples for monocyclic cycloalkyl are cyclopropyl, cyclobutanyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. Examples for bicyclic cycloalkyl are bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, or
bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl. Particular example for cycloalkyl is cyclopropyl. The term "cycloalkylalkyl" denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is replaced by a cycloalkyl group. Examples of cycloalkylalkyl include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylpropyl and cyclopentylbutyl. Particular example for cycloalkylalkyl is cyclopropylmethyl.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" denotes a monovalent saturated or partly unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring system of 4 to 9 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon. Bicyclic means consisting of two cycles having two ring atoms in common, i.e. the bridge separating the two rings is either a single bond or a chain of one or two ring atoms. Examples for monocyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-thienyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, l,l-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, homopiperazinyl, or oxazepanyl. Examples for bicyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl are 8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, quinuclidinyl, 8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, 9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, 3- oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, or 3-thia-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl. Examples for partly unsaturated heterocycloalkyl are dihydrofuryl, imidazolinyl, dihydro-oxazolyl, tetrahydro- pyridinyl, or dihydropyranyl. Heterocycloalkyl can optionally substituted as described herein, particularly substituted by one ore more alkyl or oxo. Particular examples for heterocycloalkyl are morpholinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl and 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6- yl, more particularly morpholinyl, 3-methyl-oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl, l,l-dioxo-l,6- thiomorpholin-4-yl, and 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl. Most particular examples for heterocycloalkyl are 3-methyl-oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl and 2-oxa-6-aza- spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
The term "aromatic" denotes the conventional idea of aromaticity as defined in the literature, in particular in IUPAC - Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd, A. D.
McNaught & A. Wilkinson (Eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). The term "aryl" denotes a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system comprising 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms. Examples of aryl moieties include phenyl and naphthyl. Particular example for aryl is phenyl.
The term "aryloxy" denotes a group of the formula -O-R', wherein R' is aryl. An example of aryloxy is phenoxy.
The term "heteroaryl" denotes a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system of 5 to 12 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon. Examples of heteroaryl moieties include pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, azepinyl, diazepinyl, isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, or
quinoxalinyl. The term "oxo" denotes a divalent oxygen atom =0.
The term "active pharmaceutical ingredient" (or "API") denotes the compound in a pharmaceutical composition that has a particular biological activity.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" denotes an attribute of a material which is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and is acceptable for veterinary as well as human pharmaceutical use.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" denotes any ingredient having no therapeutic activity and being non-toxic such as disintegrators, binders, fillers, solvents, buffers, tonicity agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants or lubricants used in formulating
pharmaceutical products.
The term "pharmaceutical composition" (or "composition") denotes a mixture or solution comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient together with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to be administered to a mammal, e.g., a human in need thereof. The term "agonist" denotes a compound that enhances the activity of another compound or receptor site as defined e.g. in Goodman and Gilman's "The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics, 7th ed." in page 35, Macmillan Publ. Company, Canada, 1985. A "full agonist" effects a full response whereas a "partial agonist" effects less than full activation even when occupying the total receptor population. An "inverse agonist" produces an effect opposite to that of an agonist, yet binds to the same receptor binding-site.
The term "inhibition constant" (Ki) denotes the absolute binding affinity of a particular inhibitor to a receptor. It is measured using competition binding assays and is equal to the concentration where the particular inhibitor would occupy 50% of the receptors if no competing ligand (e.g. a radioligand) was present. Ki values can be converted logarithmically to pKi values (-log Ki), in which higher values indicate exponentially greater potency.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" denotes an amount of a compound of the present invention that, when administered to a subject, (i) treats or prevents the particular disease, condition or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition or disorder described herein. The therapeutically effective amount will vary depending on the compound, disease state being treated, the severity or the disease treated, the age and relative health of the subject, the route and form of
administration, the judgement of the attending medical or veterinary practitioner, and other factors.
The term "treating" or "treatment" of a disease state includes (1) preventing the disease state, i.e. causing the clinical symptoms of the disease state not to develop in a subject that may be exposed to or predisposed to the disease state, but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease state, (2) inhibiting the disease state, i.e., arresting the development of the disease state or its clinical symptoms, or (3) relieving the disease state, i.e., causing temporary or permanent regression of the disease state or its clinical symptoms.
The term "subject" denotes a vertebrate. In certain embodiments, the vertebrate is a mammal. Mammals include humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees and other apes and monkey species, farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and swine, domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs, and cats, laboratory animals including rodents, such as rats, mice, and guinea pigs. In certain embodiments, a mammal is a human. The term subject does not denote a particular age or sex. Detailed description of the invention
In particular, the present invention is concerned with compounds of formula (I)
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein X is N or CH;
R 1 , R 2 are alkyl, aryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo or heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo, wherein one of R 1 and R 2" is alkyl;
R3 is halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, nitro, -C(0)R4, -C(0)NR5R6;
R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy or aryloxy; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)n- heterocycloalkyl, -(CH2)n-aryl, -(CH2)n-heteroaryl, -(CH2)m-NR7R8, - (CH2)m-OR9, wherein cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; n is an integer from 0 to 6; m is an integer from 2 to 6;
R6, R7, R8, R9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; or R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
heterocycloalkyl, or heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
Particular embodiments of present invention are compounds of formula (I) and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. Further, it is to be understood that every embodiment relating to a specific residue X, R , R , R , R , R , R , R , R , R , n, or m as disclosed herein may be combined with any other embodiment relating to another residue X, R 1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 , R6 , R7 , R8 , R9 , n, or m as disclosed herein.
A particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein
X is N or CH;
R 1 , R2 are alkyl, or aryl optionally substituted by 1 halo, wherein one of R 1 and
R2 is alkyl;
R3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R4, or -C(0)NR5R6;
R4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy;
R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl, or -(CH2)n- heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 1 ;
R6 is hydrogen; or R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
A particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (la)
Figure imgf000011_0001
wherein R 1 , R and R 3 are as described herein. A particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (lb)
Figure imgf000012_0001
wherein R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as described herein.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, X is N.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, X is CH.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, one of R 1 and R 2 is alkyl, and the other one is aryl optionally substituted by one halo.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, one of R 1 and R 2 is methyl, and the other one is phenyl optionally substituted by one fluoro or chloro.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, one of R 1 and R 2 is methyl, and the other one is phenyl substituted by one fluoro.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R 1 is alkyl; and R 2 is aryl substituted by one halo.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R 1 is methyl, and R 2 is phenyl substituted by one fluoro.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R 2 is alkyl; and R 1 is aryl substituted by one halo.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R 2 is methyl, and R 1 is phenyl substituted by one fluoro.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R4, or
-C(0)NR5R6.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R3 is trifluoromethyl, nitro, -C(0)R4, or -C(0)NR5R6.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R is trifluoromethyl. In a particular embodiment of the invention, R3 is -C(0)NR5R6.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R4 is methyl, hydroxy, or methoxy.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)n- cycloalkyl, or -(CH2)n-heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 is hydrogen, isopropyl, iso-butyl substituted by hydroxy, tert-butyl substituted by hydroxy, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or oxetanyl substituted by methyl. In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 is isopropyl, tert-butyl substituted by hydroxy, cyclopropyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or oxetanyl substituted by methyl.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R6 is hydrogen.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo. In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form l,l-dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl or 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
A particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) as described in the examples as individual compounds as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. Furthermore, the substituents as found in the specific examples described below, individually constitute separate particular embodiments of the present invention.
Particular compounds of formula (I) of present invention are those selected from the group consisting of:
1 -(4- { 4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-[ 1 ,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -phenyl) -ethanone; 4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- benzamide;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-pyran- 4-yl)-benzamide; 4- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl-oxetan-
3- yl)-benzamide;
(4- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H- [ 1 ,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -phenyl)-(2-oxa-6- aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzamide;
4- (2-Fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl-5-( 1 -(4-(triiluoromethyl)phenyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl)- 1H- 1 ,2,3- triazole;
4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl-5-( 1 -(4-nitrophenyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl)- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazole;
1- (4-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l -methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)phenyl)ethanone; 6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- nicotinamide;
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-pyran- 4-yl)-nicotinamide;
6- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl-oxetan- 3-yl)-nicotinamide;
(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)-(2- oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
2- {4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5-trifluoromethyl- pyridine;
6-(4-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- l-yl)nicotinate;
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-iluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- l-yl)nicotinate; 6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4- yl)nicotinamide ;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2- methylpropyl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinamide;
2-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine;
l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-5-[l-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl]-lH- [l,2,3]triazole;
l-(4-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)-ethanone; Methyl 4-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- IH- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- IH-imidazol- l-yl)benzoate; 2-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5-trifluoromethyl- pyridine;
Methyl 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- IH- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- IH-imidazol- l-yl)nicotinate;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-pyran- 4-yl)-nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-( 1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- IH- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- IH-imidazol- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 -hydroxy-2- methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- IH- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
(l,l-Dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-(6-{4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol- 1 -yl } -pyridin-3-yl)-methanone;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4- yl)nicotinamide ;
6-(4-( 1 -(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- IH- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- IH-imidazol- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 -hydroxy-2- methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone; 6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(4-( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1 H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- l-yl)nicotinamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. Particular compounds of formula (I) of present invention are those selected from the group consisting of:
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- benzamide;
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- nicotinamide;
6- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl-oxetan- 3-yl)-nicotinamide;
(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)-(2- oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
2-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5-trifluoromethyl- pyridine;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-pyran- 4-yl)-nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(l-hydroxy-2- methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) as defined herein, comprising the reaction of a compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000017_0001
with a compound of formula (III)
Figure imgf000017_0002
wherein X, R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as defined herein and Y is fluoro or chloro.
The invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined above obtainable by a process as described above.
Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared following standard methods as described below, wherein X, R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as described above and in the claims, unless mentioned otherwise.
Figure imgf000017_0003
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Scheme 1
According to Scheme 1, a compound of formula (1) can be treated with Cu(I)I, sodium azide and a compound of formula IR in the presence of ascorbic acid to give a compound of formula (2). Compounds of formula (2) can then be treated with a strong base, such as BuLi, in a suitable solvent, such as DME, at reduced temperatures, such as -75 °C to -35 °C, and then reacted with CuCN in the presence of LiCl in a suitable solvent, such as THF, at -75 °C and then reacted with acetylchloride to give a compound of formula (3). Compounds of formula 3 can then be treated with bromine in a suitable solvent such as chloroform and acetic acid to give a compound of formula (4). Further reaction of compounds of formula (4) with formamide in the presence of water under heating, e.g. conventional heating or microwave heating at 140 °C, gives a product of formula (5).
Figure imgf000018_0001
(6) (8) (2)
Scheme 2
Alternatively, according to Scheme 2, compounds of formula (6) can be treated with compounds of formula (7) to give compounds of formula (8), which upon treatment with a base, such as potassium hydroxide, in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, give compounds of formula (2).
Figure imgf000018_0002
Scheme 3
According to Scheme 3, a compound of formula (5) can be reacted with a compound of formula (9) in the presence of potassium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as DMF, at elevated temperatures, such as +80°C to +160 °C, to give a compound of formula (I), wherein Y is fluoro or chloro.
In accordance with Scheme 4, compounds of formula (I) wherein R3 is -C(0)NR5R6 can be prepared following standard methods from compounds of formula (I) wherein R3 is -C(0)R4.
NaOH, H20
Figure imgf000019_0001
Scheme 4
Insofar as their preparation is not described in the examples, the compounds of formula (I) as well as all intermediate products can be prepared according to analogous methods or according to the methods set forth above. Starting materials are commercially available, known in the art or can be prepared by methods known in the art or in analogy thereto.
The present invention also relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined above, when prepared by a process as described above.
BuLi = n-butyllithium
CDI = Ι,Γ-carbonyldiimidazole
DCM = dichloromethane
DIPEA = Ν,Ν-diisopropylethylamine (Hiinigs Base)
DMF = dimethylformamid
DME = dimethoxyethane
EDAC = l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride
HOBt = hydroxybenzotriazole
hv = high vacuum
on = overnight room temperature
1 ,5 ,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene
0-(benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate tetrahydrofuran
Another embodiment provides pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments comprising the compounds of the invention and a therapeutically inert carrier, diluent or excipient, as well as methods of using the compounds of the invention to prepare such compositions and medicaments.
Compositions are formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
The compounds of the invention may be administered by any suitable means, including oral, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal, transdermal, parenteral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
The compounds of the present invention may be administered in any convenient
administrative form, e.g., tablets, powders, capsules, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, syrups, sprays, suppositories, gels, emulsions, patches, etc. Such compositions may comprise
components conventional in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., diluents, carriers, pH modifiers, preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents, antioxidants, and further active agents. They can also comprise still other therapeutically valuable substances.
A typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present invention and a carrier or excipient. Suitable carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel H.C. et al., Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (2004) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; Gennaro A.R. et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (2000) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia; and Rowe R.C, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (2005) Pharmaceutical Press, Chicago. The formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).
The dosage at which compounds of the invention can be administered can vary within wide limits and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in each particular case. In general, in the case of oral administration a daily dosage of about 0.1 to 1000 mg per person of a compound of general formula (I) should be appropriate, although the above upper limit can also be exceeded when necessary.
An example of a suitable oral dosage form is a tablet comprising about 100 mg to 500 mg of the compound of the invention compounded with about 90 to 30 mg anhydrous lactose, about 5 to 40 mg sodium croscarmellose, about 5 to 30 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, and about 1 to 10 mg magnesium stearate. The powdered ingredients are first mixed together and then mixed with a solution of the PVP. The resulting composition can be dried, granulated, mixed with the magnesium stearate and compressed to tablet form using conventional equipment. An example of an aerosol formulation can be prepared by dissolving the compound, for example 10 to 100 mg, of the invention in a suitable buffer solution, e.g. a phosphate buffer, adding a tonicifier, e.g. a salt such as sodium chloride, if desired. The solution may be filtered, e.g., using a 0.2 μιη filter, to remove impurities and contaminants.
As described above, the novel compounds of the present invention and their
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters possess valuable pharmacological properties and have been found to be ligands for GABA A oc5 receptors. The compounds of the present invention can therefore be used, either alone or in combination with other drugs, for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are modulated by ligands for GABA A receptors containing the oc5 subunit. These diseases include, but are not limited to acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, attentional disorders and need for cognition enhancement.
The invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
The invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances.
The invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor.
The invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for use as therapeutically active substances for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance- induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
The invention likewise embraces compounds as described above for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder,
obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with
schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for cognition enhancement, which method comprises administering a compound as defined above to a human being or animal.
The invention also embraces the use of compounds as defined above for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor.
The invention also embraces the use of compounds as defined above for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder,
obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute
Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for cognition enhancement.
The invention also relates to the use of compounds as described above for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are related to the GABA A a5 receptor, particularly for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance- induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for the preparation of cognitive enhancers. Such medicaments comprise a compound as described above.
More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of compounds as described above for the treatment, prevention and/or delay of progression of CNS conditions caused by neurodevelopmental defects which result in excessive GABAergic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus, wherein the CNS condition is selected from cognitive deficits in Down Syndrome, in autism, in neurofibromatosis type I, or after stroke.
The treatment or prevention of cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, Down syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type I, are particular embodiments of present invention.
A particular embodiment of the invention embraces the treatment or prevention of
Alzheimer's disease.
A particular embodiment of the invention embraces the treatment or prevention of Down syndrome.
A particular embodiment of the invention embraces the treatment or prevention of neurofibromatosis type I.
The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following examples. They should not, however, be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
l.(4.{4.[5.(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)- ethanone
Figure imgf000024_0001
a) 4-(4-Fruoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl- ΙΗ-Π.2,31 triazole
The reaction mixture was splitted in 24 tubes of 1.00 g (8.32 mmol) each. A mixture of 1- ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (24.0 g, 200 mmol), sodium azide (14.41 g, 222 mmol), iodomethane (14.93 mL, 240 mmol), copper(I) iodide (8.03 g, 42 mmol) and L-(+)- ascorbic acid sodium salt (7.84 g, 40 mmol) in water (240 mL) was heated at 75 °C for 10 h. The mixture was then diluted with dichloromethane (25 mL) and filtered off. The aqueous layer of the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (20.3 g, 57%) as a white solid after
recrystallisation from ethyl acetate - heptane. MS: m/e = 178.1 [M+H]+. b) 1 - Γ5-( 4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H- Γ 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-yll -ethanone
To a suspension of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l -methyl- 1Η-[ 1,2,3] triazole (3.54 g, 20.0 mmol) in DME (52 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane, 15.0 mL, 24.0 mmol) dropwise at - 75 °C. The mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and was stirred at -35 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (1.79 g, 20.0 mmol) and LiCl (1.70 g, 40.0 mmol) in THF (26 ml) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (7.10 mL, 100.0 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (2.2 g, 50%) as a yellow oil. MS: m/e = 220.3 [M+H]+. c) 2-Bromo-l-r5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-ri,2,31triazol-4-yll-ethanone
A solution of l-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone (4.02 g, 18.34 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (18 mL) and acetic (0.36 mL) was heated to reflux and then a solution of bromine (1.04 mL, 20.17 mmol) in chloroform (9 mL) was added dropwise within 10 min at and after 1 h bromine (0.10 mL, 2.02 mmol) was added and heated under reflux for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured onto ice-water and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (3.48 g, 63%) as a light red solid. MS: m/e = 298.1/300.1 [M+H]+. d) 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5 -( 1 H-imidazol-4- yl)- 1 -methyl- ΙΗ-ΓΙ.2,31 triazole
A suspension of 2-bromo-l-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone (3.44 g, 11.54 mmol) in formamide (11.04 mL, 276.94 mmol) and water (1.25 mL, 69.24 mmol) was heated in the microwave to 140 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into HC1 (1 N, 150 mL) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with NaOH (6 N) and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by trituration (ethyl acetate) afforded the title compound (1.29 g, 46%) as a light brown solid. MS: m/e = 244.2 [M+H]+. e) l-(4-|4-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-ri,2,31triazol-4-yll-imidazol-l-yl|-phenyl)- ethanone
A mixture of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (73 mg, 0.30 mmol), 4-fluoroacetophenone (37 μί, 0.30 mmol) and potassium carbonate (83 mg, 0.60 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (51 mg, 47%) as an off white solid after recrystallisation from ethyl acetate. MS: m/e = 362.2 [M+H]+.
Example 2
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000026_0001
r
A mixture of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (486 mg, 2.00 mmol), methyl 4-fluorobenzoate (308 mg, 2.00 mmol) and potassium carbonate (553 mg, 4.00 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After colling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (399 mg, 53%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 378.4 [M+H]+. Example 3
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000027_0001
a) 4- { 4-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-r 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-yll -imidazol- 1 -yl I -benzoic acid
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (85 mg, 2.01 mmol) in water (2.5 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol-l-yl} -benzoic acid methyl ester (380 mg, 1.01 mmol) in THF (2.5 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HC1 (1 N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (315 mg, 86%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 362.3 [M-H]~. b) 4- { 4-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-r 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-yll -imidazol- 1 -yl I -N- isopropyl-benzamide
To a solution of 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}- benzoic acid (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) and TBTU (73 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMF (0.8 mL) was added DIPEA (177 μί, 1.03 mmol). Then isopropylamine (19 μί, 0.23 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 1 h. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane, then 0 to 10% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (57 mg, 68%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 405.4 [M+H]+.
Example 4
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000027_0002
As described for example 3b, 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol-l-yl} -benzoic acid (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) was converted, using 4-aminotetrahydropyran instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (73 mg, 79%) which was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/e = 447.3 [M+H]+.
Example 5
4.{4.[5.(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(3-methyl- oxetan-3-yl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000028_0001
As described for example 3b, 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol-l-yl} -benzoic acid (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) was converted, using 3-methyl-3-oxetanamine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (57 mg, 64%) which was obtained as a white solid after trituration from ethyl acetate. MS: m/e = 433.4 [M+H]+.
Example 6
(4.{4.[5.(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)-(2-oxa-
6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone
Figure imgf000028_0002
As described for example 3b, 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol-l-yl} -benzoic acid (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) was converted, using 2-oxa-6-azonia- spiro[3.3]heptane oxalate salt instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (53 mg, 58%) which was obtained as a white solid after trituration from ethyl acetate. MS: m/e = 445.4 [M+H]+. Example 7
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzamide
Figure imgf000029_0001
To a solution of 4-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l- yl} -benzoic acid (76 mg, 0.209 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added CDI (41 mg, 0.251 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (330 μί, 2.09 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then evaporated. Purification by crystallization afforded the title compound (64 mg, 84%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 363.2 [M+H]+.
Example 8
4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-5-(l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl)-lH-l,2,3- triazole
Figure imgf000029_0002
a) 4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazole
Solution A was composed of l-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzene (4.2 g, 35 mmol) and iodomethane (5.96 g, 42 mmol) in acetonitrile (94 mL) and Solution B was composed of sodium azide (2.73 g, 42 mmol) and copper(I) iodide (1.33 g, 6.99 mmol) in water (100 mL). The reaction was ran in Uniqsis FlowSyn apparatus at 150 °C at 100 psi with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and residence time of 1.5 min for each solution A and B. The reaction flow eluent was collected in an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (25%) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (1.5 g, 24%) as a light yellow solid. MS: m/e = 178.3 [M+H]+. b) l-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-L2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
As described for example lb, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (5.0 g, 28.2 mmol) instead of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole, was converted to the title compound (3.33 g, 54%) which was obtained as a colourless liquid after purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in heptane). MS: m/e = 220.2 [M+H]+. c) 2-Bromo- 1 -(4-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
As described for example lc, l-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (2.1 g, 9.58 mmol) instead of l-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone, was converted to the title compound (2.01 g, 70%) which was obtained as an off white solid after purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane). MS: m/e =
378.0/380.0 [M+H]+. d) 4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole
As described for example Id, 2-bromo-l-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5- yl)ethanone (1.0 g, 3.35 mmol) instead of 2-bromo-l-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H- [l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone, was converted to the title compound (814 mg, 49%) which was obtained as a white solid after purification by chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate). MS: m/e = 244.2 [M+H]+. e) 4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-5-(l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl)-lH- 1,2,3-triazole
A mixture of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (70 mg, 0.29 mmol), 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride (73 μί, 0.58 mmol) and potassium carbonate (80 mg, 0.58 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (87 mg, 78%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 388.2 [M+H]+. Example 9
4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-5-(l-(4-nitrophenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl)-lH-l,2,3-triazole
Figure imgf000030_0001
As described for example 8e, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3- triazole (70 mg, 0.29 mmol), was converted, using l-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene instead of 4- fluorobenzotrifluoride, to the title compound (100 mg, 95%) which was obtained as a yellow solid. MS: m/e = 365.1 [M+H]+.
Example 10
l-(4-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)phenyl)ethanone
Figure imgf000031_0001
As described for example 8e, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3- triazole (70 mg, 0.29 mmol), was converted, using 4'-fluoro-acetophenone instead of 4- fluorobenzotrifluoride, to the title compound (85 mg, 82%) which was obtained as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 362.2 [M+H]+.
Example 11
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- nicotinamide
Figure imgf000031_0002
F a) 6- 14-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-r 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-vH -imidazol- 1 -yl I -nicotinic acid methyl ester
A mixture of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (82 mg, 0.34 mmol), methyl 6-chloronicotinate (58 mg, 0.34 mmol) and potassium carbonate (93 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (1.7 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into HC1 (I N) and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (70 mg, 55%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 379.2
[M+H]+. b) 6-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-r i,2,31triazol-4-ylmethoxyl-nicotinic acid
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (85 mg, 2.01 mmol) in water (2.5 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of 6-{4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- imidazol-l-yl} -nicotinic acid methyl ester (381 mg, 1.01 mmol) in THF (2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HC1 (1 N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (349 mg, 95%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 363.3 [M-H]". c) 6- { 4-r5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-r 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-yll -imidazol- 1 -yl I -N- isopropyl-nicotinamide
To a solution of 6-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy]-nicotinic acid (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) and TBTU (29 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DMF (0.2 mL) was added DIPEA (70 μΐ,, 0.41 mmol). Then isopropylamine (8 μί, 0.09 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 1 h. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (19 mg, 97%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 406.4 [M+H]+.
Example 12
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-nicotinamide
Figure imgf000032_0001
As described for example 11c, 6-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4- ylmethoxy] -nicotinic acid (109 mg, 0.30 mmol) was converted, using 4-aminotetrahydropyran instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (70 mg, 52%) which was obtained as a white solid after trituration from methanol water. MS: m/e = 448.2 [M+H]+.
Example 13
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(3-methyl- oxetan-3-yl)-nicotinamide
Figure imgf000033_0001
F
As described for example 11c, 6-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4- ylmethoxy] -nicotinic acid (109 mg, 0.30 mmol) was converted, using 3-methyl-3-oxetanamine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (66 mg, 51%) which was obtained as an off white solid after recrystallisation from ethyl acetate - heptane. MS: m/e = 434.3 [M+H]+.
Example 14
(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro^henyl)-3-methyl-3H^^
oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone
Figure imgf000033_0002
As described for example 11c, 6-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4- ylmethoxy] -nicotinic acid (109 mg, 0.30 mmol) was converted, using 2-oxa-6-azonia- spiro[3.3]heptane oxalate salt instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (55 mg, 41%) which was obtained as a light yellow solid. MS: m/e = 446.2 [M+H]+. Example 15
2-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5- trifluoromethyl-pyridine
Figure imgf000034_0001
A mixture of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (36 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2-chloro-5(trif uoromethyl)pyridine (27 mg, 0.15 mmol) and potassium carbonate (41 mg, 0.3 mmol) in DMF (0.6 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (48 mg, 84%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 389.2 [M+H]+.
Example 16
6-(4-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000034_0002
To a solution of 6-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy]-nicotinic acid (100 mg, 0.274 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added CDI (54 mg, 0.329 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (430 μί, 2.74 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (64 mg, 64%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 364.1 [M+H]+. Example 17
Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinate
Figure imgf000035_0001
a) 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)- 1 -methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazole
Solution A was composed of l-chloro-2-ethynylbenzene (6.69 g, 49 mmol) and iodomethane (8.35 g, 58.8 mmol) in acetonitrile (40.4 mL) and Solution B was composed of L-(+)-ascorbic acid sodium salt (1.73 g, 9.8 mmol) and sodium azide (3.5 g, 53.9 mmol) in water (50 mL), water: acetonitrile (1: 1, 100 mL). Copper(I) iodide was supported on a bed of molecular sieves and decalite filter. The reaction was ran in Uniqsis FlowSyn apparatus at 120 °C at 100 psi with flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and residence time of 4 min for each solution A and B. The reaction flow eluent was collected in an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (25%) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (2.4 g, 25%) as a light brown solid. MS: m/e = 194.1 [M+H]+. b) l-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
To a suspension of 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (2.0 g, 10.3 mmol) in DME (30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane, 7.75 mL, 12.4 mmol) dropwise at - 75 °C. The mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and was stirred at -35 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (925 mg, 10.3 mmol) and LiCl (876 mg, 20.7 mmol) in THF (15 ml) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (3.67 mL, 51.6 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature.Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 3 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (75 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (1.06 g, 44%) as a yellow oil. MS: m/e = 236.1 [M+H]+. c) 2-Bromo-l-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-L2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
A solution of l-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (1.02 g, 4.33 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (7 mL) and acetic (0.136 mL) was heated to reflux and then a solution of bromine (0.234 mL, 4.54 mmol) in chloroform (3 mL) was added dropwise within 10 min at and after 1 h bromine (0.09 mL, 1.73 mmol) in chloroform (2 mL) was added and heated under reflux for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured onto ice-water and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by
chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (988 mg, 73%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 313.9/315.9 [M+H]+. d) 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole
A suspension of 2-bromo-l-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (0.86 g, 2.73 mmol) in formamide (2.62 mL, 65.6 mmol) and water (0.296 mL, 16.4 mmol) was heated in the microwave to 140 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into HC1 (1 N, 20 mL) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with NaOH (6 N) and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate) afforded the title compound (360 mg, 51%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 260.0 [M+H]+. e) Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- vPnicotinate
A mixture of 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (322 mg, 1.24 mmol), methyl 6- chloronicotinate (213 mg, 1.24 mmol) and potassium carbonate (343 mg, 2.48 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 30 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (370 mg, 76%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 395.1 [M+H]+.
Example 18
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
Figure imgf000036_0001
a) 6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-1 ,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (75 mg, 1.77 mmol) in water (3.5 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinate (349 mg, 0.884 mmol) in THF (7 mL) and methanol (1 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HC1 (1 N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (320 mg, 95%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 379.3 [M-H]~. b) 6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
To a solution of 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.194 mmol) and TBTU (69 mg, 0.214 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (170 μί, 0.972 mmol). Then isopropylamine (19 μί, 0.214 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 2 h. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (52 mg, 63%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 422.1 [M+H]+.
Example 19
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000037_0001
To a solution of 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.194 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added CDI (38 mg, 0.233 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (305 μί, 1.94 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then evaporated. Purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC) afforded the title compound (54 mg, 73%) as a white foam. MS: m/e = 380.1 [M+H]+. Example 20
Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinate
Figure imgf000038_0001
A mixture of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (233 mg,
0.958 mmol), methyl 6-chloronicotinate (164 mg, 0.988 mmol) and potassium carbonate (265 mg, 1.92 mmol) in DMF (5.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (303 mg, 79%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 379.2 [M+H]+.
Example 21
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid
Figure imgf000038_0002
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (63 mg, 1.49 mmol) in water (3.0 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5- yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinate (282 mg, 0.745 mmol) in THF (6.0 mL) and methanol (1 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HCl (I N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (244 mg, 90%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 363.3 [M-H]~. Example 22
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,^
2H-pyran-4-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000039_0001
To a solution of 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (75 mg, 0.194 mmol) and TBTU (73 mg, 0.226 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (180 μί, 1.03 mmol). Then 4-aminotetrahydropyran (24 μί, 0.226 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 30 min. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC) afforded the title compound (71 mg, 77%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 448.2 [M+H]+.
Example 23
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
Figure imgf000039_0002
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (75 mg, 0.194 mmol) was converted, using isopropylamine instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (51 mg, 61%) which was obtained as an off white foam. MS: m/e = 406.3 [M+H]+.
Example 24
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-
2-methylpropyl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000039_0003
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (75 mg, 0.194 mmol) was converted, using 2-amino-2- methylpropan-l-ol instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (77 mg, 86%) which was obtained as an off white foam. MS: m/e = 436.3 [M+H]+. Example 25
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000040_0001
To a solution of 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (69 mg, 0.189 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added CDI (37 mg, 0.227 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (300 μί, 1.9 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and then evaporated. Purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC) afforded the title compound (56 mg, 81%) as a white foam. MS: m/e = 364.1 [M+H]+.
Example 26
(6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone
Figure imgf000040_0002
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (69 mg, 0.189 mmol) was converted, using 2-oxa-6-azonia- spiro[3.3]heptane oxalate salt instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (40 mg, 47%) which was obtained as an off white foam. MS: m/e = 446.2 [M+H]+. Example 27
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000041_0001
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (69 mg, 0.189 mmol) was converted, using 3-methyl-3- oxetaneamine instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (61 mg, 74%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 10% methanol in dichloromethane). MS: m/e = 434.3 [M+H]+. Example 28
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide
Figure imgf000041_0002
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (69 mg, 0.189 mmol) was converted, using 4-aminomorpholine instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (59 mg, 70%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 10% methanol in dichloromethane). MS: m/e = 449.2 [M+H]+.
Example 29
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000041_0003
As described for example 22, 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (69 mg, 0.189 mmol) was converted, using cyclopropylamine instead of 4-aminotetrahydropyran, to the title compound (43 mg, 56%) which was obtained as a white foam. MS: m/e = 404.4 [M+H]+.
Example 30
2-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-5-
(trifluoromethyl)pyridine
Figure imgf000042_0001
A mixture of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (70 mg, 0.288 mmol), 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (53 mg, 0.288 mmol) and potassium carbonate (80 mg, 0.576 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 5% methanol in dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (85 mg, 76%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 389.2 [M+H]+.
Example 31
l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-5-[l-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl]-lH-
[l,2,3]triazole
Figure imgf000042_0002
a) l-Azido-4-fluoro-benzene
Prepared in analogy to J. Org. Chem. (1989) 54:5938-5945. To a solution of sulfuric acid (40 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (200 mL) was added 4-fluoroaniline (22.1 mL, 0.23 mol) dropwise. Then under ice-cooling a solution of sodium nitrite (20.6 g, 0.3 mol) in water (200 mL) was added over 30 min at 15-18 °C. The solution was then stirred for 30 min while kept in the ice bath. A solution of sodium azide (25.42 g, 0.39 mol) in water (150 mL) was added dropwise over 30 min. Mixture was foaming and temperature went up to 10 °C while cooling with an ice bath. Reaction mixture was stirred without cooling for 1 h, then extracted with diethyl ether. The combined organic layers were washed with water two times. Then the combined organic layers were diluted with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (500 mL) until the mixture became basic. The organic phase was separated and washed with brine, extracted again with diethyl ether. The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated at 40°C, minimum 50 mbar (already distillation of product), to afford the title product (30.42 g, 96%) as a brown liquid. b) l-r3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihvdro-3H-r i,2,31triazol-4-yll-piperidine
Prepared in analogy to EP 0 433 842 A2. A mixture of l-azido-4-fluoro-benzene (2.80 g, 20 mmol) and l-(l-propenyl)-piperidine (18%, 14.2 g, 20 mmol) was stirred under ice cooling (slowly exothermic in the beginning) and at room temperature for 144 h in the absence of light. Hexane was then added to the brown solutions and a solid formed which was filtered off, washed with hexane and dried in hv to give the title product (1.1 g) as a light pink solid. The filtrate was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 50% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (4.34 g) as a light yellow solid. Total yield (5.44 g, 98%). MS: m/e = 263.1 [M+H]+. c) l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-lH-r i,2,31triazole
Prepared in analogy to EP 0 433 842 A2. A mixture of l-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5- dihydro-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-piperidine (1.15 g, 0.004 mol) and potassium hydroxide in MeOH (2 N, 29.2 mL, 58 mmol) was heated under reflux for 6 h then cooled to room
temperature. The mixture was then poured into water and extracted with diethyl ether and the combined organic extracts washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and
evaporated to give the title product (555 mg) as a white solid. The filtrate was evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (41 mg, 79%) as an off white solid. Total yield (596 mg, 77%). MS: m/e = 178.1
[M+H]+. d) 1 - Γ3-( 4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H- Γ 1 ,2,31 triazol-4-vH -ethanone
To a suspension of l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (4.0 g, 23 mmol) in DME (114 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane, 17.0 mL, 27 mmol) dropwise at - 75 °C. The mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and was stirred at -35 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (2.03 g, 23 mmol) and LiCl (1.92 g, 45 mmol) in THF (32 ml) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (8.02 mL, 113 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (160 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, dichloromethane) afforded the title compound (3.63 g, 69%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 220.3 [M+H]+. e) 2-Bromo-l-r3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-r i,2,31triazol-4-yll-ethanone
A solution of l-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone (3.62 g, 17 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (28 mL) and acetic (0.5 mL) was heated to reflux and then a solution of bromine (0.89 mL, 17 mmol) in chloroform (9 mL) and heated under reflux for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured onto ice-water and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (3.34 g, 68%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 298.3/300.2 [M+H]+. f) l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-r i,2,31triazole
The reaction was conducted in triplicate. A suspension of 2-bromo-l-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5- methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-ethanone (1.03 g, 3.0 mmol) in formamide (3.3 mL, 81 mmol) and water (0.37 mL, 20 mmol) was heated in the microwave to 140 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the 3 reaction mixtures were poured into HC1 (1 N, 150 mL) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with NaOH (6 N) and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated to afford the title compound (1.54 g, 62%) as a light brown solid. MS: m/e = 244.3 [M+H]+. g) l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-5-r i-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yll-lH- Γ 1,2,3 ltriazole
A mixture of l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (100 mg, 0.411 mmol), 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride (105 μί, 0.822 mmol) and potassium carbonate (114 mg, 0.82 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 48 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into HC1 (I N) and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (68 mg, 43%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 388.2
[M+H]+. Example 32
l.(4.{4.[3.(4-Fluoro^henyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)- ethanone
Figure imgf000045_0001
A mixture of l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (100 mg, 0.411 mmol), 4-fluoroacetophenone (51 μί, 0.411 mmol) and potassium carbonate (114 mg, 0.82 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 48 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into HCl (I N) and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (79 mg, 53%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 362.3
[M+H]+.
Example 33
Methyl 4-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)benzoate
Figure imgf000045_0002
a) l-Azido-2-fluorobenzene
As described for example 31a, 2-fluoroaniline (5.0 g, 45 mmol), instead of 4-fluoroaniline, was converted to the title compound (6.28 g, 99%) which was obtained as a brown liquid. b) l-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)piperidine
As described for example 31b, l-azido-2-fluorobenzene (2.8 g, 20 mmol), instead of l-azido-4- fluoro-benzene, was converted to the title compound (4.87 g, 93%) which was obtained as a brown solid. MS: m/e = 263.2 [M+H]+. c) l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole
As described for example 31c, l-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5- yl)piperidine (1.32 g, 5.32 mmol), instead of l-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H- [l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-piperidine, was converted to the title compound (616 mg, 65%) which was obtained as a colourless liquid. MS: m/e = 178.1 [M+H]+. d) l-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
To a suspension of l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (2.43 g, 13.7 mmol) in DME (40 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane, 10.3 mL, 16.5 mmol) dropwise at - 75 °C. The mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and was stirred at -35 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled again to - 78 °C and a light green suspension of CuCN (1.23 g, 13.7 mmol) and LiCl (1.16 g, 27.4 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added rapidly while stirring at - 78 °C. After 1 h the mixture was allowed to warm up to - 35 °C and acetyl chloride (4.88 mL, 68.6 mmol) was added dropwise at this temperature. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 2 h and then poured carefully into aqueous saturated sodium carbonate solution (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (1.69 g, 56%) as a light yellow oil. MS: m/e = 220.2 [M+H]+. e) 2-Bromo- 1 -( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone
A solution of l-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (1.66 g, 7.57 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (12 mL) and acetic (0.24 mL) was heated to reflux and then a solution of bromine (0.41 mL, 7.95 mmol) in chloroform (5 mL) and heated under reflux for 2 h and then bromine (0.12 mL, 2.27 mmol) in chloroforom (2 mL) was added and heated under reflux for a further 30 min. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured onto ice- water and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 60% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (1.54 g, 64%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 298.1/300.0 [M+H]+. f) l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole
The reaction was conducted in duplicate. A suspension of 2-bromo-l-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4- methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (750 mg, 2.4 mmol) in formamide (2.3 mL, 57.6 mmol) and water (0.26 mL, 14.4 mmol) was heated in the microwave to 140 °C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the 2 reaction mixtures were poured into HC1 (1 N, 150 mL) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with NaOH (6 N) and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate) afforded the title compound (597 mg, 50%) as a light yellow solid. MS: m/e = 244.2
[M+H]+. g) Methyl 4-(4-( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-vD- lH-imidazol- 1- vPbenzoate
A mixture of l-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (290 mg, 1.19 mmol), methyl 4-fluorobenzoate (184 mg, 1.19 mmol) and potassium carbonate (330 mg, 2.38 mmol) in DMF (6.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (8 mg, 2%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 378.3 [M+H]+. Example 34
2-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5- trifluoromethyl-pyridine
Figure imgf000047_0001
A mixture of l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (100 mg, 0.411 mmol), 2-chloro-5(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (75 mg, 0.411 mmol) and potassium carbonate (114 mg, 0.82 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 48 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and the solid that formed was filtered off and purified by chromatography (silica, 0 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) to afford the title compound (98 mg, 60%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 389.2 [M+H]+.
Example 35
Methyl 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinate
Figure imgf000047_0002
A mixture of l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-[l,2,3]triazole (500 mg, 2.06 mmol), methyl 6-chloronicotinate (353 mg, 2.06 mmol) and potassium carbonate (568 mg, 4.11 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water (150 mL) and the solid that formed was filtered off and dried to afford the title compound (300 mg, 39%) as a light brown solid. MS: m/e = 379.3 [M+H]+.
Example 36
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
Figure imgf000048_0001
a) 6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-L2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (62 mg, 1.46 mmol) in water (2.8 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of methyl 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinate (277 mg, 0.732 mmol) in THF (4.8 mL) and methanol (1 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HC1 (1 N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (245 mg, 92%) as a light brown solid. MS: m/e = 363.2 [M-H]~. b) 6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
To a solution of 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (56 mg, 0.154 mmol) and TBTU (55 mg, 0.169 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (131 μί, 0.769 mmol). Then isopropylamine (15 μί, 0.169 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 1 h. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (47 mg, 75%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 406.4 [M+H]+. Example 37
6-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro^henyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-nicotinamide
Figure imgf000049_0001
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (56 mg, 0.154 mmol) was converted, using 4- aminotetrahydropyran instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (52 mg, 76%) which was obtained as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 448.3 [M+H]+.
Example 38
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000049_0002
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (56 mg, 0.154 mmol) was converted, using 3-methyloxetan-3- amine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (57 mg, 86%) which was obtained as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 434.3 [M+H]+.
Example 39
(6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin
oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone
Figure imgf000050_0001
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (56 mg, 0.154 mmol) was converted, using 2-oxa-6-azonia- spiro[3.3]heptane oxalate salt instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (29 mg, 42%) which was obtained as an off white solid after recrystallisation from ethyl acetate - hexane. MS: m/e = 446.2 [M+H]+.
Example 40
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000050_0002
To a solution of 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (70 mg, 0.192 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added CDI (38 mg, 0.231 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (300 μί, 1.92 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h and then evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (61 mg, 87%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 364.3 [M+H]+. Example 41
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(l-hydroxy-
2-methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000051_0001
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (65 mg, 0.178 mmol) was converted, using 2-amino-2-methyl-l- propanol instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (61 mg, 79%) which was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/e = 436.2 [M+H]+.
Example 42
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000051_0002
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (65 mg, 0.178 mmol) was converted, using cyclopropylamine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (27 mg, 38%) which was obtained as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 404.2 [M+H]+.
Example 43
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
Figure imgf000051_0003
a) Methyl 6-(4-( l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- vPnicotinate
A mixture of l-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-(lH-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazole (268 mg, 1.1 mmol), methyl 6-chloronicotinate (190 mg, 1.1 mmol) and potassium carbonate (305 mg, 2.2 mmol) in DMF (6.0 mL) was stirred under Ar in a sealed flask and heated at 120 °C for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by chromatography (silica, 10 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (120 mg, 29%) as an off white solid. MS: m/e = 379.2 [M+H]+. b) 6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2J-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid
A solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (29 mg, 0.671 mmol) in water (1.3 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension of methyl 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinate (127 mg, 0.336 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and methanol (1 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h and was then evaporated and the residue dissolved in water, acidified with HC1 (1 N), and the resulting precipitate filtered off to afford the title product (108 mg, 88%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 363.3 [M-H]~. c) 6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide
To a solution of 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (46 mg, 0.126 mmol) and TBTU (45 mg, 0.139 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (110 μί, 0.631 mmol). Then isopropylamine (12 μί, 0.139 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under Ar for 2 h. The mixture was then evaporated and purification by chromatography (silica, 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded the title compound (34 mg, 66%) as a white foam. MS: m/e = 406.3 [M+H]+.
Example 44
(l,l-Dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-(6-{4-[3-^
yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)-methanone
Figure imgf000052_0001
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (65 mg, 0.178 mmol) was converted, using thiomorpholine 1,1- dioxide instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (32 mg, 37%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (HPLC reverse phase). MS: m/e = 482.3
[M+H]+.
Example 45
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide
Figure imgf000053_0001
As described for example 36b, 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (65 mg, 0.178 mmol) was converted, using 4-aminomorpholine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (49 mg, 61%) which was obtained as a white solid after recrystallisation from ethyl acetate in hexane. MS: m/e = 449.2 [M+H]+.
Example 46
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000053_0002
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (46 mg, 0.126 mmol) was converted, using 4- aminotetrahydropyran instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (41 mg, 73%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (silica, 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane). MS: m/e = 448.2 [M+H]+. Example 47
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(l-hydroxy-
2-methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000054_0001
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using 2-amino-2- methyipropan-l-ol instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (56 mg, 63%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC then silica, ethyl acetate). MS: m/e = 436.2 [M+H]+.
Example 48
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000054_0002
To a solution of 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added CDI (40 mg, 0.244 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at 60 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature ammonium hydroxide (320 μί, 2.03 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min and then evaporated. Purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC) afforded the title compound (58 mg, 74%) as a white solid. MS: m/e = 364.1 [M+H]+. Example 49
(6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin
oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone
Figure imgf000055_0001
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using 2-oxa-6-azonia- spiro[3.3]heptane oxalate salt instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (50 mg, 55%) which was obtained as a white solid after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC). MS: m/e = 446.2 [M+H]+.
Example 50
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000055_0002
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using methyl-3- oxetanamine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (70 mg, 80%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC). MS: m/e = 434.3 [M+H]+. Example 51
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide
Figure imgf000056_0001
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using 4-aminomorpholine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (56 mg, 62%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC then silica, ethyl acetate). MS: m/e = 449.2 [M+H]+.
Example 52
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000056_0002
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using cyclopropylamine instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (42 mg, 51%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC then silica, ethyl acetate). MS: m/e = 404.4 [M+H]+. Example 53
N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH- imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide
Figure imgf000057_0001
As described for example 43c, 6-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid (74 mg, 0.203 mmol) was converted, using
aminomethylcyclopropane instead of isopropylamine, to the title compound (40 mg, 47%) which was obtained as a white foam after purification by chromatography (reverse phase HPLC). MS: m/e = 418.3 [M+H]+.
Biochemical assay
The ability of compounds present invention to bind to GABA A receptor subtypes was determined by competition for [ H]flumazenil (85 Ci/mmol; Roche) binding to HEK293 cells expressing rat (stably transfected) or human (transiently transfected) receptors of composition α1β2/3γ2, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2 and α5β3γ2.
Membrane preparation
Cell pellets were suspended in Krebs-tris buffer (4.8 mM KC1, 1.2 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2, 120 mM NaCl, 15 mM Tris; pH 7.5; binding assay buffer), homogenized by polytron for ca. 20 sec on ice and centrifuged for 60 min at 4 °C (50000 g; Sorvall, rotor: SM24 = 20000 rpm). The cell pellets were resuspended in Krebs-tris buffer and homogenized by polytron for ca. 15 sec on ice. Protein was measured (Bradford method, Bio-Rad) and aliquots of 1 mL were prepared and stored at -80 °C.
Radioligand binding assay
Radioligand binding assays were carried out in a volume of 200 mL (96-well plates) which contained 100 mL of cell membranes, [3H]flumazenil at a concentration of 1 nM for al, a2, a3 subunits and 0.5 nM for oc5 subunits and the test compound in the range of 10-10 3 x 10"6 M. Nonspecific binding was defined by 10"5 M diazepam and typically represented less than 5% of the total binding. Assays were incubated to equilibrium for 1 hour at 4 °C and harvested onto GF/C uni-filters (Packard) by filtration using a Packard harvester and washing with ice-cold wash buffer (50 niM Tris; pH 7.5). After drying, filter-retained radioactivity was detected by liquid scintillation counting.
Data calculation
Ki values were calculated using Excel-Fit (Microsoft) and are the means of two determinations. The compounds of the accompanying examples were tested in the above described assay, and the particular compounds were found to possess a Ki value for displacement of
[ H]flumazenil from oc5 subunits of the rat GABA A receptor of 100 nM or less. A particular embodiment embraces compounds with a Ki of 35 nM or less. In a particular embodiment the compounds of the invention are binding selectively for the oc5 subunit relative to the ocl, oc2 and oc3 subunit.
Representative test results, obtained by the above described assay measuring binding affinity to HEK293 cells expressing human (h) receptors, are shown in Table 1 below.
Figure imgf000058_0001
Table 1: Binding affinities to HEK293 cells expressing human (h) receptors of representative examples.

Claims

Claims
Figure imgf000059_0001
wherein X is N or CH;
R 1 , R 2 are alkyl, aryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo or heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halo, wherein one of R 1 and R 2" is alkyl; R3 is halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, nitro, -C(0)R4, -C(0)NR5R6;
R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy or aryloxy; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl, -(CH2)n- heterocycloalkyl, -(CH2)n-aryl, -(CH2)n-heteroaryl, -(CH2)m-NR7R8, - (CH2)m-OR9, wherein cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; n is an integer from 0 to 6; m is an integer from 2 to 6;
R6, R7, R8, R9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; or R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
heterocycloalkyl, or heteroaryl, wherein heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or more halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
Compounds according to claim 1, wherein
X is N or CH; R 1 , R2 are alkyl, or aryl optionally substituted by 1 halo, wherein one of R 1 and R2" is alkyl;
R3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R4, or -C(0)NR5R6;
R4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -
(CH2)n-cycloalkyl, or -(Ώ¾)η- heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 1 ;
R6 is hydrogen; or R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a
heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
3. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 2, wherein X is N.
4. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 3, wherein one of R 1 and R 2 is alkyl, and the other one is aryl optionally substituted by one halo.
5. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 4, wherein R 1 is methyl, and R 2 is phenyl
substituted by one fluoro
6. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 5, wherein R 2 is methyl, and R 1 is phenyl
substituted by one fluoro.
7. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 6, wherein R3 is haloalkyl, nitro, -C(0)R4, or -C(0)NR5R6.
8. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 7, wherein R3 is -C(0)NR5R6.
9. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 7, wherein R4 is alkyl, hydroxy, or alkoxy.
10. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 7 and 9, wherein R4 is methyl, hydroxy, or methoxy.
11. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 8, wherein R5 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl, or -(CH2)n-heterocycloalkyl, wherein heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one alkyl.
12. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 8 and 11, wherein R5 is hydrogen, isopropyl, iso-butyl substituted by hydroxy, tert-butyl substituted by hydroxy, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or oxetanyl substituted by methyl.
13. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 8 and 11 - 12, wherein R6 is hydrogen.
14. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 8, wherein R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more oxo.
15. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 8 and 14, wherein R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen to which they are bound to form l,l-dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl or 2-oxa-6-aza- spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl.
16. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 15, selected from the group consisting of:
1 -(4- { 4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H-[ 1 ,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -phenyl)- ethanone;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- benzamide;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-benzamide;
4- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1 ,2,3 ] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl- oxetan-3-yl)-benzamide;
(4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)-(2- oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-benzamide; 4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl-5-( 1 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl)- 1H- 1,2,3-triazole;
4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl-5-( 1 -(4-nitrophenyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl)- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazole; l-(4-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1 -methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3 -triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1 - yl)phenyl)ethanone;
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- nicotinamide;
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4- yl) -nicotinamide ;
6- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1,2,3] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl- oxetan-3-yl)-nicotinamide;
(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)- (2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
2-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5- trifluoromethyl-pyridine;
6-(4-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide; Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1- yl)nicotinate;
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide; Methyl 6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1- yl)nicotinate;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinic acid;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(2- hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-methyl- lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3- yl)(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l- yl)nicotinamide;
2-(4-(4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-l-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine ;
l-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-5-[l-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl]-lH- [l,2,3]triazole;
1- (4-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-phenyl)- ethanone;
Methyl 4-(4-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1- yl)benzoate;
2- {4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5- trifluoromethyl-pyridine;
Methyl 6-(4-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1- yl)nicotinate;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4- yl) -nicotinamide ;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3- yl)(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide; 6-(4-( 1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 - hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
(l,l-Dioxo-l,6-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-(6-{4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H- [l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)-methanone;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-( 1 -(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 - hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3- yl)(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- morpholinonicotinamide ;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(4-( 1 -(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1 H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1H- imidazol-l-yl)nicotinamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
17. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 16, selected from the group consisting of: 4-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- benzamide;
6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-isopropyl- nicotinamide;
6- { 4- [5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3 -methyl-3H- [ 1 ,2,3 ] triazol-4-yl] -imidazol- 1 -yl } -N-(3 -methyl- oxetan-3-yl)-nicotinamide;
(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-pyridin-3-yl)- (2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]hept-6-yl)-methanone;
2-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-5- trifluoromethyl-pyridine;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N- isopropylnicotinamide;
6-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-imidazol-l-yl}-N-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-nicotinamide;
6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)-N-(3- methyloxetan-3-yl)nicotinamide;
(6-(4-(l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-lH-l,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-lH-imidazol-l-yl)pyridin-3- yl)(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)methanone;
6-(4-( 1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 - hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)nicotinamide;
N-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-( 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl- 1H- 1 ,2,3-triazol-5-yl)- 1 H-imidazol- 1 - yl)nicotinamide;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
18. A process for the preparation of compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17, comprising the reaction of a compound of formula (II)
jsr
Figure imgf000064_0001
with a compound of formula (III)
Figure imgf000064_0002
(HI) wherein X, R 1 , R2 and R 3 are as defined in any of claims 1 - 17 and Y is fluoro or chloro.;
19. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17, obtainable by a process of claim 18.
20. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound according to any of claims 1 - 17 and a pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.
21. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17 for use as therapeutic active substances.
22. Compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17 the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
23. A method for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,
neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers, which method comprises administering a compound according to any of claims 1 - 17 to a human being or animal.
24. The use of compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17 for the preparation of
medicaments useful for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), acute Meningitis, Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome, and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
The use of compounds according to any of claims 1 - 17 for the treatment or prevention of acute and/or chronic neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, memory deficits, schizophrenia, positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism, Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, sleep disorders, disorders of circadian rhythms, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia caused by AIDS, psychotic disorders, substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive/compulsive disorders, acute stress disorder, drug addictions, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, cognition deficiency disorders, multi-infarct dementia, mood disorders, depression, neuropsychiatric conditions, psychosis, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropathic pain, stroke and attentional disorders or for use as cognitive enhancers.
The invention as described herein before.
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