WO2012048613A1 - 支持nat穿越的集中式p2p系统、nat穿越的方法 - Google Patents

支持nat穿越的集中式p2p系统、nat穿越的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012048613A1
WO2012048613A1 PCT/CN2011/079838 CN2011079838W WO2012048613A1 WO 2012048613 A1 WO2012048613 A1 WO 2012048613A1 CN 2011079838 W CN2011079838 W CN 2011079838W WO 2012048613 A1 WO2012048613 A1 WO 2012048613A1
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node
address
communication
relay
communication address
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PCT/CN2011/079838
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李漓春
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/256NAT traversal
    • H04L61/2575NAT traversal using address mapping retrieval, e.g. simple traversal of user datagram protocol through session traversal utilities for NAT [STUN]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a NAT (Network Address Translation) traversal technology, and in particular, to a centralized P2P (Peer-to-Peer) system and NAT traversal method for supporting NAT traversal.
  • NAT Network Address Translation
  • the basic architecture of a centralized P2P system consists of a tracker (tracking server) and a peer (node).
  • the peer is a peer node.
  • the tracker is the server that manages peers and peers.
  • Common centralized P2P systems include P2P systems with proprietary protocols such as BT and PPLive.
  • the standard protocol of the centralized P2P system is the PPSP (Peer to Peer Streaming Protocol) standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
  • NAT devices or firewall devices sometimes block communication between the peer nodes.
  • STUN Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs
  • relay relay
  • STUN is the node that the IETF has developed to help the NAT discover its reflection address.
  • the relay node can transfer messages to the nodes behind the NAT and the firewall.
  • the relay can use the TURN (traversal using relay NAT) formulated by the IETF, which can be traversed by NAT.
  • the protocols can also be separately formulated. Relay method.
  • the centralized ⁇ 2 ⁇ system also faces NAT and firewall traversal issues.
  • a NAT traversal scheme using a DHT (Distribute Hash Table) overlay network has been proposed, which provides STUN by using DHT overlay network management and discovery.
  • the node of the service and relay service uses the DHT overlay network to help the two peers exchange the information required for NAT traversal, and the scheme can also implement firewall traversal.
  • the method for performing NAT traversal by using a DHT overlay network includes:
  • Step 201 The peer A obtains the eer list from the tracker or the third-party peer, and obtains the identifier of the peer B from the eer list.
  • the peer A sends an AppAttach message to the first RELOAD (REsource LOcation And Discovery) peer.
  • the AppAttach message carries the communication address of the peer A and the identifier of the eer B.
  • the AppAttach message is multiple. Forward in the RELOAD peer;
  • Step 203 The last RELOAD peer sends an AppAttach message carrying the peer A communication address and the peer B identifier to the peer B according to the identifier of the peer B.
  • Step 204 The peer B responds to the last RELOAD peer with an AppAttachAns message, where the AppAttachAns message carries the eer B communication address; and the AppAttachAns message is sequentially forwarded in multiple RELOAD peers;
  • Step 205 The first RELOAD peer responds to the peer A with an AppAttachAns message, where the AppAttachAns message carries the communication address of the peer B.
  • Step 206 Perform an ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) connectivity test between peer A and eer B.
  • ICE Interactive Connectivity Establishment
  • the NAT traversal scheme using the DHT overlay network also has some disadvantages, such as: As shown in Figure 1, the scheme requires the peer to form an overlay network, which increases the complexity of the system; as shown in Figure 2, the DHT overlay network uses The standard RELOAD protocol, when using the DHT overlay network for NAT traversal, requires multiple nodes between the two peers to exchange the communication addresses of both parties, and the delay and overhead are large. In addition, the NAT traversal scheme using the DHT overlay network cannot exist. The peer node prefers the problem of STUN peer and relay peer. Summary of the invention
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a centralized P2P system and NAT traversal method for supporting NAT traversal, which can reduce delay and overhead when performing NAT traversal.
  • a centralized P2P system supporting NAT traversal comprising: at least one tracking server and at least two nodes: a first node and a second node; wherein
  • a first node configured to directly or indirectly obtain a communication address of the second node to be communicated from the tracking server; and initiate a first one-way connectivity test from the self communication address to the second node communication address, according to the first one-way communication As a result of the sex test, selecting a communication address pair capable of communicating with each other; wherein, a pair of communication address pairs includes a communication address of the first node and a communication address of the second node;
  • the second node is set to collect its own communication address and report to the tracking server.
  • the communication address is one or more of a host address, a NAT auxiliary address, a UDP tunnel address, a reflection address, and a relay address.
  • the centralized P2P system further includes a STUN node
  • the STUN node is configured to report its STUN capability and address to the tracking server, and is further configured to find and return a reflection address of the second node according to the request of the second node;
  • the second node is further configured to obtain the address of the STUN node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, and request the STUN node to find the reflection address of the second node according to the obtained address of the STUN node.
  • the centralized P2P system further includes a relay node
  • the relay node is configured to report its own relay capability and address to the tracking server, and is further configured to bind the relay relationship of the two according to the request of the second node;
  • the second node is further configured to obtain the address of the relay node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, and request the binding node to bind the relay relationship according to the obtained address of the relay node.
  • first node and the second node are further configured to exchange the communication addresses of the two parties in a providing/responding manner after selecting the communication address pair capable of communicating with each other, and initiate the communication from the own communication address to the counterpart communication address.
  • the first node or the second node is further configured to select a pair of communication addresses capable of communicating with each other based on the result of the bidirectional connectivity test.
  • first node and the second node are further configured to exchange the communication addresses of the two parties in a providing/responding manner after the first node selects a pair of communication addresses that can communicate with each other.
  • the second node is further configured to initiate a second one-way connectivity test from the own communication address to the first node communication address;
  • the first node or the second node is further configured to select a communication address pair capable of communicating with each other according to a result of the second one-way connectivity test.
  • a method for NAT traversal comprising:
  • the second node collects its own communication address and reports it to the tracking server;
  • the first node obtains the communication address of the second node to be communicated directly or indirectly from the tracking server; and initiates a first one-way connectivity test from the own communication address to the second node communication address, according to the first one-way connectivity test As a result, a pair of communication addresses capable of communicating with each other is selected; wherein, a pair of communication address pairs includes a communication address of a first node and a communication address of a second node.
  • the communication address is one or more of a host address, a NAT auxiliary address, a UDP tunnel address, a reflection address, and a relay address.
  • the communication address of the second node collecting itself is specifically:
  • the second node obtains the address of the STUN node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, where The STUN node reports its STUN capability and address to the tracking server in advance; the second node requests the STUN node to find the reflection address of the second node according to the obtained address of the STUN node;
  • the STUN node returns the reflected address of the discovered second node.
  • the communication address of the second node collecting itself is specifically:
  • the second node obtains the address of the relay node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, wherein the relay node reports its own relay capability and address to the tracking server in advance;
  • the second node requests the relay node to bind the relay relationship according to the obtained address of the relay node
  • the relay node binds the relay relationship of both.
  • the method further includes: the first node and the second node exchange the communication addresses of the two parties in a providing/responding manner; the first node and the second node initiate from the own communication address to Two-way connectivity test of the other party's communication address;
  • the first node or the second node selects a communication address ⁇ ]" that can communicate with each other based on the result of the two-way connectivity test.
  • the method further includes: the first node and the second node exchange the communication addresses of the two parties in a providing/responding manner; the second node initiates communication from the self communication address to the first node a second one-way connectivity test of the address;
  • the first node or the second node selects a communication address 3 that can communicate with each other based on the result of the second one-way connectivity test.
  • the first node when NAT and firewall traversal are implemented, the first node can directly obtain the communication address of the second node to be communicated from the tracker or the third party node, so Compared with the NAT scheme of the DHT overlay network, the delay and overhead can be reduced, thereby improving the performance of the centralized P2P system supporting NAT and firewall traversal.
  • all nodes report their own information to the tracker, and the tracker performs centralized management on all nodes, including: STUN nodes, relay nodes, and peer nodes, so the centralized mode of the present invention is compared with the DHT overlay network.
  • P2P systems can reduce the complexity of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a centralized P2P system in which a DHT overlay network is used for NAT traversal in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for performing NAT traversal by using a DHT overlay network in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a centralized P2P system supporting NAT and firewall traversal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a node for collecting a self-address and reporting by the node of the present invention
  • a schematic diagram of the process of tracking the server
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of NAT and firewall traversal according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the centralized P2P system supporting NAT and firewall traversal of the present invention includes: at least one tracking server and at least two nodes, assuming that the two nodes are the first node initiating communication and the second node to be communicated.
  • a first node configured to directly or indirectly obtain a communication address of the second node to be communicated from the tracking server; and initiate a first one-way connectivity test from the self communication address to the second node communication address, according to the first one-way communication As a result of the sex test, selecting a communication address pair capable of communicating with each other; wherein, a pair of communication address pairs includes a communication address of the first node and a communication address of the second node;
  • the second node is set to collect its own communication address and report to the tracking server.
  • the obtaining, by the first node, the communication address of the second node indirectly from the tracking server means: the first node obtains the communication address of the second node from the third node.
  • the third party node has previously learned the address of the second node from the tracking server, or learns the address of the second node from another third party node, and the other third party node has previously learned the address of the second node from the tracking server;
  • the third node can directly or indirectly obtain the address of the second node from the tracking server.
  • the communication address collected by the second node includes one or more of a host address, a reflection address, a relay address, a NAT auxiliary address, and a UDP (User Datagram Protocol) tunnel address.
  • the centralized P2P system further includes a STUN node
  • the STUN node is configured to report its STUN capability and address to the tracking server, and is further configured to find and return a reflection address of the second node according to the request of the second node;
  • the second node is further configured to obtain the address of the STUN node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, and request the STUN node to find the reflection address of the second node according to the obtained address of the STUN node.
  • the second node indirectly obtaining the address of the STUN node from the tracking server means: the second node obtains the address of the STUN node from the third node.
  • the third party node obtains the address of the STUN node directly or indirectly from the tracking server.
  • the centralized P2P system further includes a relay node
  • the relay node is configured to report its own relay capability and address to the tracking server, and is further configured to bind the relay relationship of the two according to the request of the second node;
  • the second node is further configured to obtain the address of the relay node directly or indirectly from the tracking server, and request the binding node to bind the relay relationship according to the obtained address of the relay node.
  • the obtaining, by the second node, the address of the relay node indirectly from the tracking server means: the second node obtains the address of the relay node from the third party node.
  • the third party node obtains the address of the relay node directly or indirectly from the tracking server.
  • the process for the peer to collect the communication address and send the message to the tracker includes: Step 401: The peer queries the tracker or the third-party node for the STUN peer and the relay peer.
  • the STUN peer refers to the peer that can provide the STUN service.
  • relay peer refers to the peer that can provide relay service;
  • Step 402 The tracker or the third-party node returns the address of the STUN peer and/or the relay peer to the peer.
  • the STUN peer Before returning the address of the STUN peer and the relay peer, the STUN peer reports its STUN capability and address to the tracker.
  • the relay peer reports its relay capability and address to the tracker.
  • the tracker can be a preferred STUN peer or a relay peer according to the load and delay of the STUN peer or the relay peer. For example, the tracker returns the address of the STUN peer or the relay peer that is closer to the peer or has a smaller load.
  • the third-party node directly or indirectly obtains the address of the STUN peer and the relay peer from the tracker;
  • Step 403 The peer collects its own host address.
  • the host address can be collected one or more;
  • Step 404 The peer sends a STUN binding request message to the STUN peer according to the address of the STUN peer, to request the STUN peer to find the reflection address of the peer.
  • Step 405 The STUN peer returns its reflection address to the peer through the STUN binding response message.
  • Steps 404-405 are used by the peer to collect their own reflection addresses; the reflection addresses may be collected one or more;
  • reflection address can also be found by other protocols such as UPNP (Universal Plug and Play);
  • Step 406 The peer requests the relay peer to serve itself according to the address of the relay peer, that is, requests the binding of the relay relationship;
  • Step 407 The relay peer returns a relay binding success response to the peer, indicating that the relay peer agrees to bind the relay relationship between the two.
  • Steps 406-407 are used by the peer to register with the relay peer to bind the relay relationship, so that the peer can use the address forwarding message of the relay node;
  • the peer can bind the address of one or more relay nodes; the address of the relay node is the relay address for the peer;
  • steps 403, 404-405, and 406-407 are independent of each other, and there is no necessary sequence;
  • Step 408 The peer reports the communication address to the tracker by carrying its own communication address in the PPSP JOIN or JOIN_CHUNK request message.
  • the JOIN and JOIN_CHUNK request messages are respectively used to request a distribution group to join a certain content or content piece;
  • the peer's communication address includes: host address, reflection address, and relay address. According to the collection situation, the peer's communication address to the tracker may be one, two, or three of the foregoing three;
  • step 409 the tracker returns a PPSP JOIN or JOIN_CHUNK response to the peer.
  • the communication address of peer B also includes the NAT auxiliary address.
  • peer B can communicate directly with the NAT device via UPNP or other protocol to obtain a NAT secondary address.
  • the process of obtaining the NAT secondary address by the node through the UPNP includes: the node requests the external IP address from the NAT device through the GetExternallPAddress message; the NAT device returns a successful response to the node through the 200 OK message, and returns an external IP address; the node requests the NAT device to bind through the AddPortMapping message.
  • the port is configured to reply to the node with a 200 OK message.
  • the NAT secondary address obtained by the node is (external IP address: external port).
  • the communication address of peer B also includes the UDP tunnel address. Before step 408, peer B can obtain the UDP tunnel address through the Teredo protocol.
  • the communication address of the peer B may be one or more of a host address, a reflection address, a relay address, a NAT auxiliary address, and a UDP tunnel address. Each communication address can be collected one or more.
  • each STUN node reports its STUN capability and address to the tracker, and each relay node reports its relay capability and address to the tracker, each pair. All nodes report the collected communication address to the tracker, so that the tracker can provide the address of the STUN node and/or the address of the relay node for the peer node, and also record and provide the communication address of the peer node.
  • the process of NAT and firewall traversal for the centralized P2P system that supports NAT and firewall traversal includes:
  • Step 501 peer A obtains the communication address of peer B from the tracker or the third party node; peer A obtains the communication address of peer B in multiple ways: If the P2P system is a P2P content distribution system, then peer A is to the tracker or a third party. The node query can download a peer list of content such as a movie, and eer A can extract the communication of eer B from the eer list. Address; if the P2P system is a P2P multimedia session system, eer A queries the tracker for the communication address of a friend, and the tracker returns the communication address of the node where the friend is located, such as peer B, to peer A;
  • the third party node has previously learned the communication address of peer B directly or indirectly from the tracker
  • Step 502 peer A initiates a first one-way connectivity test from the communication address of the peer to the communication address of the peer B.
  • the connectivity test can be an application-independent ICE connectivity test using STUN binding messages; it can also be a connectivity test using P2P messages at the application layer;
  • peer A collects its own communication address in advance, including: one or more of a host address, a reflection address, a relay address, a NAT auxiliary address, and a UDP tunnel address; Step 503, peer A according to the previous step As a result of the first one-way connectivity test, a communication address pair capable of communicating with each other is selected for subsequent P2P communication, and a pair of communication address pairs includes a communication address of e e A and a communication address of e e B;
  • Step 504 peer A and peer B exchange the communication addresses of the two parties in an offer/answer mode, and use P2P messages when switching.
  • node A Since in step 504, node A has obtained a pair of communication addresses capable of communicating with each other, node A and node B can exchange the communication addresses of both parties for the communication path with a pair of communication address pairs;
  • Step 505 peer A and peer B initiate a two-way connectivity test from the communication address to the peer communication address, or peer B initiates a second one-way connectivity test from the communication address to the peer A communication address.
  • the connectivity test in this step is an application-independent ICE connectivity test using STUN binding messages
  • Step 506 peer A or peer B selects according to the result of the previous step of the connectivity test.
  • a pair of communication addresses capable of communicating with each other is used for subsequent P2P communication, and a pair of communication address pairs includes a communication address of eer A and a communication address of eer B.
  • steps 504-506 comply with the current ICE standard process, and the three steps are optional, because in step 503, the communication address pair is obtained through the one-way connectivity test of peer A to peer B, not necessarily It is a better communication address pair; if the communication address pair obtained in step 503 is considered to be not superior, steps 504-506 may be performed to obtain a better communication address pair.
  • a two-way connectivity test or peer B to eer A connectivity test may find a better communication path, such as a communication path that does not use a relay address, because it does not pass through the relay node. Sometimes, a better communication address does not pass the test for the forward connection, and the reverse connection or the two-way connection test can pass.
  • peer A has a public network address, not behind NAT, and peer B is behind strict NAT.
  • the one-way connectivity test of eer A to peer B can only find one available communication address pair (peer A host). Address, peer B's relay address), the communication path needs to pass through the relay node. If the connectivity test is from peer B to peer A, the reflected address from peer B can reach the host address of peer A without relaying. Another example is "NAT hole punching".
  • the peer B is the receiving node that is to communicate, that is, the receiving node of the communication is taken as an example, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution described in the specific embodiment is also applicable.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种支持NAT穿越的集中式P2P系统、NAT穿越的方法。该方法包括:第二节点收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器;第一节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点的通信地址;并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联通性测试,根据第一单向联通性测试的结果,选择能够相互通信的通信地址对;其中,一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第二节点的通信地址。采用本发明能够在进行NAT穿越时,减小时延和开销。

Description

支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统、 NAT穿越的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及 NAT ( Network Address Translation, 网络地址转换) 穿越 技术, 尤其涉及一种支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P ( Peer to Peer, 点对点 ) 系统、 NAT穿越的方法。 背景技术
集中式 P2P系统的基本架构由 tracker (跟踪服务器)和 peer (节点) 组成; 其中, peer是对等节点, 一般全部或大多数 peer是用户节点; tracker 是管理 peer和进行 peer定位的服务器。常见的集中式 P2P系统有 BT、PPLive 等采用私有协议的 P2P系统。 目前, 集中式 P2P系统的标准协议有 IETF ( Internet Engineering Task Force, 互联网工程任务组)正在标准化的 PPSP ( Peer to Peer Streaming Protocol, P2P流媒体协议) 。
在互联网中, NAT设备或防火墙设备有时会阻碍对端节点双方进行通 信, 而 STUN ( Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs , NAT的 UDP简单穿越) 和 relay (中继)是 NAT和防火墙穿越常用的方法。 STUN是 IETF制定的 助 NAT后的节点发现其反射地址。中继节点可以为 NAT和防火墙后的节点 中转报文, 中继可以使用 IETF 制定的与应用无关的中继协议 TURN ( Traversal Using Relay NAT ,通过中继方式穿越 NAT ) ,各协议也可以分别 制定中继方法。
集中式 Ρ2Ρ系统也同样面临着 NAT和防火墙穿越问题。 目前在集中式 P2P系统中, 已经提出了采用 DHT ( Distribute Hash Table, 分布式哈希表 ) 叠加网的 NAT穿越方案, 该方案利用 DHT叠加网管理和发现提供 STUN 服务和中继服务的节点, 利用 DHT叠加网帮助两个 peer交换 NAT穿越所 需的信息, 该方案也能实现防火墙穿越。 如图 2所示, 利用 DHT叠加网进 行 NAT穿越的方法包括:
步骤 201 , peer A从 tracker或第三方 peer获取 eer列表, 从 eer列表 获取 peer B的标识;
步驟 202 , peer A向第一个 RELOAD( REsource LOcation And Discovery, 资源定位与发现 ) peer发送 AppAttach消息, 该 AppAttach消息中携带有 peer A的通信地址及 eer B的标识; 且该 AppAttach消息在多个 RELOAD peer中依次转发;
步驟 203 , 最后一个 RELOAD peer根据 peer B的标识将携带有 peer A 的通信地址及 peer B的标识的 AppAttach消息发送给 peer B;
步驟 204, peer B向最后一个 RELOAD peer回应 AppAttachAns消息, 该 AppAttachAns消息中携带有 eer B的通信地址; 且该 AppAttachAns消 息在多个 RELOAD peer中依次转发;
步驟 205 , 第一个 RELOAD peer向 peer A回应 AppAttachAns消息, 该 AppAttachAns消息中携带有 peer B的通信地址;
步骤 206, peer A 和 eer B 之间进行 ICE ( Interactive Connectivity Establishment, 交互式连接建立 )联通性测试。
但是, 采用 DHT叠加网的 NAT穿越方案也存在一些缺点, 如: 如图 1 所示, 该方案要求 peer组成叠加网, 会增加系统的复杂性; 如图 2所示, DHT叠加网采用的是标准的 RELOAD协议,在利用 DHT叠加网进行 NAT 穿越时, 两个 peer之间需要多个节点才能交换双方的通信地址, 时延和开 销大; 此外, 采用 DHT叠加网的 NAT穿越方案存在无法为对等节点优选 STUN peer和中继 peer的问题。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种支持 NAT 穿越的集中式 P2P系统、 NAT穿越的方法, 能够在进行 NAT穿越时, 减小时延和开销。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统, 该系统包括: 至少一个跟踪服 务器和至少两个节点: 第一节点和第二节点; 其中,
第一节点, 设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点 的通信地址; 并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联 通性测试, 根据第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信 地址对; 其中, 一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第 二节点的通信地址;
第二节点, 设置于收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器。
进一步地, 所述通信地址为主机地址、 NAT辅助地址、 UDP隧道地 址、 反射地址和中继地址中的一种或一种以上。
进一步地, 当收集的通信地址为反射地址时, 所述集中式 P2P系统 还包括 STUN节点;
STUN节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址, 还设置于根据第二节点的请求发现并返回第二节点的反射地址;
第二节点, 还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地 址, 并根据获得的 STUN节点的地址向 STUN节点请求发现第二节点的 反射地址。
进一步地, 当收集的通信地址为中继地址时, 所述集中式 P2P系统 还包括中继节点;
中继节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的中继能力和地址, 还设 置于根据第二节点的请求绑定两者的中继关系; 第二节点,还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址, 并根据获得的中继节点的地址向中继节点请求绑定中继关系。
进一步地, 第一节点和第二节点, 还设置于在第一节点选择能够相 互通信的通信地址对之后, 以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址, 并发 起从自身通信地址到对方通信地址的双向联通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点, 还设置于根据双向联通性测试的结果, 选择 能够相互通信的通信地址对。
进一步地, 第一节点和第二节点, 还设置于在第一节点选择能够相 互通信的通信地址对之后, 以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址,
第二节点, 还设置于发起从自身通信地址到第一节点通信地址的第 二单向联通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点, 还设置于根据第二单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信地址对。
一种 NAT穿越的方法, 该方法包括:
第二节点收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器;
第一节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点的通信地 址;并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联通性测试, 根据第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信地址对; 其 中, 一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第二节点的通 信地址。
进一步地, 所述通信地址为主机地址、 NAT辅助地址、 UDP隧道地 址、 反射地址和中继地址中的一种或一种以上。
进一步地, 当收集的通信地址为反射地址时, 所述第二节点收集自 身的通信地址具体为:
第二节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地址, 其中, STUN节点预先向跟踪服务器汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址; 第二节点根据获得的 STUN节点的地址向 STUN节点请求发现第二 节点的反射地址;
STUN节点返回发现的第二节点的反射地址。
进一步地, 当收集的通信地址为中继地址时, 所述第二节点收集自 身的通信地址具体为:
第二节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址, 其中, 中 继节点预先向跟踪服务器汇报自身的中继能力和地址;
第二节点根据获得的中继节点的地址向中继节点请求绑定中继关 系;
中继节点绑定两者的中继关系。
进一步地, 在第一节点选择通信地址对之后, 所述方法还包括: 第一节点和第二节点以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址; 第一节点和第二节点发起从自身通信地址到对方通信地址的双向联 通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点根据双向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通 信的通信地址^ ]"。
进一步地, 在第一节点选择通信地址对之后, 所述方法还包括: 第一节点和第二节点以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址; 第二节点发起从自身通信地址到第一节点通信地址的第二单向联通 性测试;
第一节点或第二节点根据第二单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相 互通信的通信地址 3于。
由以上技术方案可以看出, 在实现 NAT和防火墙穿越时, 第一节点能 直接从 tracker或第三方节点获得欲通信的第二节点的通信地址, 因此与利 用 DHT叠加网的 NAT方案相比,能够减小时延和开销,从而提高支持 NAT 和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统的性能。 另外, 所有节点将自身的信息都 汇报至 tracker, 由 tracker对所有节点, 包括: STUN节点、 中继节点和对 等节点, 进行集中式管理, 因此与 DHT叠加网相比, 本发明的集中式 P2P 系统能够降低系统的复杂度。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术利用 DHT叠加网进行 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统的 架构图;
图 2为现有技术利用 DHT叠加网进行 NAT穿越的方法的流程图; 图 3为本发明支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统的架构图; 图 4为本发明节点收集自身通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器的流程示意 图;
图 5为本发明进行 NAT和防火墙穿越的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
以下对本发明支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统作详细说 明。 如图 3所示, 本发明支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统包 括: 至少一个跟踪服务器和至少两个节点, 假设这两个节点为发起通信 的第一节点和欲通信的第二节点。
第一节点, 设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点 的通信地址; 并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联 通性测试, 根据第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信 地址对; 其中, 一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第 二节点的通信地址;
第二节点, 设置于收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器。 其中, 第一节点间接从跟踪服务器获得第二节点的通信地址是指: 第一节点从第三方节点获得第二节点的通信地址。 第三方节点预先已从 跟踪服务器获知第二节点的地址, 或从另一第三方节点获知第二节点的 地址, 该另一第三方节点预先已从跟踪服务器获知第二节点的地址; 简 而言之,第三方节点可以直接或间接从跟踪服务器获知第二节点的地址。
其中, 第二节点收集的通信地址包括主机地址、 反射地址、 中继地 址、 NAT辅助地址和 UDP (用户数据包协议 )隧道地址中的一种或一种 以上。
如图 3所示, 集中式 P2P系统还包括 STUN节点;
STUN节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址, 还设置于根据第二节点的请求发现并返回第二节点的反射地址;
第二节点, 还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地 址, 并根据获得的 STUN节点的地址向 STUN节点请求发现第二节点的 反射地址。
其中, 第二节点间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地址是指: 第 二节点从第三方节点获得 STUN节点的地址。 第三方节点预先直接或间 接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地址。
如图 3所示, 集中式 P2P系统还包括中继节点;
中继节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的中继能力和地址, 还设 置于根据第二节点的请求绑定两者的中继关系;
第二节点,还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址, 并根据获得的中继节点的地址向中继节点请求绑定中继关系。
其中, 第二节点间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址是指: 第二 节点从第三方节点获得中继节点的地址。 第三方节点预先直接或间接从 跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址。 以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。 假设在支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统中, peer A欲与 NAT后的 peer B进行通信, 则在支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P 系统进行 NAT和防火墙穿越之前, eer B需收集自身的通信地址并汇报 给 tracker, 以使 peer A能够获得; 其中, peer B是拥有 peer A所需内容 的 peer, 或是 peer A想进行 VoIP (网络电话) 、 即时消息、 视频电话类 多媒体会话的对象 peer。
如图 4所示, peer收集自身通信地址并汇 4艮给 tracker的流程包括: 步驟 401 , peer向 tracker或第三方节点查询 STUN peer和中继 peer; 其中, STUN peer指能够提供 STUN服务的 peer; 中继 peer指能够 提供中继服务的 peer;
步驟 402, tracker或第三方节点向 peer返回 STUN peer和 /或中继 peer的地址;
在返回 STUN peer和中继 peer的地址之前, STUN peer已向 tracker 汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址; 中继 peer已向 tracker汇报自身的中继 能力和地址;
tracker可以根据 STUN peer或中继 peer的负载、 时延等因素, 为 peer优选 STUN peer或中继 peer,如向 peer返回离 peer较近或负载较小 的 STUN peer或中继 peer的地址;
另外,第三方节点预先直接或间接从 tracker获知 STUN peer和中继 peer的地址;
步驟 403 , peer收集自身的主机地址;
主机地址可以收集一个或多个;
步驟 404, peer根据 STUN peer的地址向 STUN peer发送 STUN binding (绑定)请求消息, 以请求 STUN peer发现 peer的反射地址; 步驟 405 , STUN peer通过 STUN binding响应消息向 peer返回其反 射地址;
步驟 404-405用于 peer收集自身的反射地址; 反射地址可以收集一 个或多个;
另外, 反射地址也可以通过 UPNP ( Universal Plug and Play, 即插即 用) 等其他协议发现;
步驟 406, peer根据中继 peer的地址请求中继 peer为自身服务, 即 请求绑定中继关系;
步驟 407 , 中继 peer向 peer回复中继绑定成功响应, 表明中继 peer 同意绑定两者的中继关系;
步驟 406-407用于 peer向中继 peer注册以绑定中继关系, 这样 peer 就可以使用中继节点的地址中转报文;
peer可以绑定一个或多个中继节点的地址; 中继节点的地址对 peer 来说即是中继地址;
另外, 步驟 403、 404-405、 406-407之间向相互独立的, 没有必然 的先后顺序;
步驟 408 , peer通过在 PPSP JOIN或 JOIN_CHUNK请求消息中携带 自身的通信地址向 tracker汇报通信地址;
JOIN和 JOIN_CHUNK请求消息分别用于请求加入某个内容或内容 片的分发群体;
peer的通信地址包括: 主机地址、 反射地址和中继地址; 根据收集 情况, peer向 tracker汇 ·^艮的通信地址可以为前述三者中的一种、 两种或 三种;
步驟 409 , tracker向 peer回复 PPSP JOIN或 JOIN_CHUNK成功响 应。 peer B的通信地址还包括 NAT辅助地址。 在步驟 408之前, peer B 可以通过 UPNP或其他协议与 NAT设备直接通信获得 NAT辅助地址。
节点通过 UPNP 获得 NAT 辅助地址的过程包括: 节点通过 GetExternallPAddress消息向 NAT设备请求外部 IP地址; NAT设备通过 200 OK 消息向节点回复成功响应, 并返回外部 IP 地址; 节点通过 AddPortMapping消息向 NAT设备请求绑定端口; NAT设备通过 200 OK 消息向节点回复成功响应。 节点获得的 NAT辅助地址为(外部 IP地址: 外部端口) 。
peer B的通信地址还包括 UDP隧道地址。 在步驟 408之前, peer B 可以通过 Teredo协议获得 UDP隧道地址。
在步驟 408中, peer B汇 ^艮的通信地址可以为主机地址、反射地址、 中继地址、 NAT辅助地址和 UDP隧道地址中的一种或一种以上。 每种 通信地址可以收集一个或一个以上。
在本发明支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统中,每个 STUN 节点都向 tracker 汇报自身的 STUN 能力和地址, 每个中继节点都向 tracker汇报自身的中继能力和地址, 每个对等节点都将收集的自身通信 地址汇报给 tracker, 使 tracker能为对等节点提供 STUN节点的地址和 / 或中继节点的地址, 还记录并提供对等节点的通信地址。
在 peer B按照步驟 401-409的流程收集和汇报自身的通信地址后, 如图 5所示, 支持 NAT和防火墙穿越的集中式 P2P系统进行 NAT和防 火墙穿越的流程包括:
步驟 501 , peer A从 tracker或第三方节点获得 peer B的通信地址; peer A获得 peer B的通信地址的方式有多种: 如果 P2P系统是一个 P2P内容分发系统,则 peer A向 tracker或第三方节点查询能够下载某一 内容如电影的 peer列表, eer A可以从 eer列表中提取 eer B的通信 地址; 如果 P2P系统是一个 P2P多媒体会话系统, 则 eer A向 tracker 查询某个好友的通信地址, tracker将该好友所在的节点如 peer B的通信 地址返回给 peer A;
另夕卜,第三方节点预先已直接或间接从 tracker获知 peer B的通信地 址;
步驟 502, peer A发起从自身通信地址到 peer B通信地址的第一单 向联通性测试;
联通性测试可以是与应用无关的采用 STUN binding消息的 ICE联通 性测试; 也可以是应用层采用 P2P消息的联通性测试;
另外, peer A预先收集了自身的通信地址, 包括: 主机地址、 反射 地址、 中继地址、 NAT辅助地址和 UDP隧道地址中的一种或一种以上; 步驟 503 , peer A根据上一步驟中第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选 择能够相互通信的通信地址对用于后续的 P2P通信, 一对通信地址对包 含一个 eer A的通信地址和一个 eer B的通信地址;
步驟 504, peer A和 peer B以 offer/answer (提供 /应答)方式交换双 方的通信地址, 交换时采用 P2P消息;
由于在步驟 504中, 节点 A已得到能够相互通信的通信地址对, 因 此节点 A和节点 B可以以一对通信地址对为通信路径交换双方的通信地 址;
步驟 505 , peer A和 peer B发起从自身通信地址到对方通信地址的 双向联通性测试,或 peer B发起从自身通信地址到 peer A通信地址的第 二单向联通性测试;
该步驟中的联通性测试是与应用无关的采用 STUN binding 消息的 ICE联通性测试;
步驟 506, peer A或 peer B根据上一步驟联通性测试的结果, 选择 能够相互通信的通信地址对用于后续的 P2P通信, 一对通信地址对包含 一个 eer A的通信地址和一个 eer B的通信地址。
上述流程中, 步驟 504-506遵守目前的 ICE标准流程, 这三个步驟 是可选的, 因为在步驟 503中, 通信地址对是通过 peer A到 peer B的单 向联通性测试所得, 不一定是较优的通信地址对; 如果认为在步驟 503 中得到的通信地址对不是较优的, 则可以进行步驟 504-506以期获得更 优的通信地址对。双向联通性测试或者 peer B到 eer A的联通性测试可 能会找到更优的通信路径, 如不使用中继地址的通信路径, 因为不经过 中继节点。 有时, 一个较优的通信地址对正向连接测试不通, 反向连接 或双向连接测试才能通。 比如, peer A有公网地址, 不在 NAT后, 而 peer B在严格的 NAT后 , 则 eer A到 peer B的单向联通性测试最终只 能找到一个能用的通信地址对( peer A的主机地址, peer B的中继地址), 此时通信路径需要经过中继节点。 如果联通性测试从 peer B到 peer A , 则从 peer B的反射地址能到达 peer A的主机地址, 不需要经过中继。 又 比如 "NAT打洞" , 有的通信路径需要双方共同发起联通性测试, 只有 在双向测试时才通。
虽然在结合图 4和图 5说明的具体实施例中以 peer B为欲通信的一 方即通信的接收节点为例进行说明, 但本领域技术人员应当理解, 该具 体实施例所述技术方案也适用于集中式 P2P系统中处于同等地位的其他 节点。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的 保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统, 其特征在于, 该系统包 括: 至少一个跟踪服务器和至少两个节点: 第一节点和第二节点; 其中, 第一节点, 设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点 的通信地址; 并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联 通性测试, 根据第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信 地址对; 其中, 一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第 二节点的通信地址;
第二节点, 设置于收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统, 其特 征在于, 所述通信地址为主机地址、 NAT辅助地址、 UDP隧道地址、 反 射地址和中继地址中的一种或一种以上。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统, 其特 征在于, 当收集的通信地址为反射地址时, 所述集中式 P2P系统还包括 STUN节点;
STUN节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址, 还设置于根据第二节点的请求发现并返回第二节点的反射地址;
第二节点, 还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地 址, 并根据获得的 STUN节点的地址向 STUN节点请求发现第二节点的 反射地址。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P系统, 其特 征在于, 当收集的通信地址为中继地址时, 所述集中式 P2P系统还包括 中继节点;
中继节点, 设置于向跟踪服务器汇报自身的中继能力和地址, 还设 置于根据第二节点的请求绑定两者的中继关系; 第二节点,还设置于直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址, 并根据获得的中继节点的地址向中继节点请求绑定中继关系。
5、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P 系统, 其特征在于, 第一节点和第二节点, 还设置于在第一节点选择能 够相互通信的通信地址对之后, 以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址, 并发起从自身通信地址到对方通信地址的双向联通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点, 还设置于根据双向联通性测试的结果, 选择 能够相互通信的通信地址对。
6、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的支持 NAT穿越的集中式 P2P 系统, 其特征在于, 第一节点和第二节点, 还设置于在第一节点选择能 够相互通信的通信地址对之后, 以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址, 第二节点, 还设置于发起从自身通信地址到第一节点通信地址的第 二单向联通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点, 还设置于根据第二单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信地址对。
7、 一种 NAT穿越的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括:
第二节点收集自身的通信地址并汇报给跟踪服务器;
第一节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得欲通信的第二节点的通信地 址;并发起从自身通信地址到第二节点通信地址的第一单向联通性测试, 根据第一单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通信的通信地址对; 其 中, 一对通信地址对包含一个第一节点的通信地址和一个第二节点的通 信地址。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的 NAT穿越的方法, 其特征在于, 所述通 信地址为主机地址、 NAT辅助地址、 UDP隧道地址、反射地址和中继地 址中的一种或一种以上。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的 NAT穿越的方法, 其特征在于, 当收集 的通信地址为反射地址时, 所述第二节点收集自身的通信地址具体为: 第二节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得 STUN节点的地址, 其中, STUN节点预先向跟踪服务器汇报自身的 STUN能力和地址;
第二节点根据获得的 STUN节点的地址向 STUN节点请求发现第二 节点的反射地址;
STUN节点返回发现的第二节点的反射地址。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的 NAT穿越的方法, 其特征在于, 当收集 的通信地址为中继地址时, 所述第二节点收集自身的通信地址具体为: 第二节点直接或间接从跟踪服务器获得中继节点的地址, 其中, 中 继节点预先向跟踪服务器汇报自身的中继能力和地址;
第二节点根据获得的中继节点的地址向中继节点请求绑定中继关 系;
中继节点绑定两者的中继关系。
11、 根据权利要求 7至 10中任一项所述的 NAT穿越的方法, 其特 征在于, 在第一节点选择通信地址对之后, 所述方法还包括:
第一节点和第二节点以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址; 第一节点和第二节点发起从自身通信地址到对方通信地址的双向联 通性测试;
第一节点或第二节点根据双向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相互通 信的通信地址^ ]"。
12、 根据权利要求 7至 10中任一项所述的 NAT穿越的方法, 其特 征在于, 在第一节点选择通信地址对之后, 所述方法还包括:
第一节点和第二节点以提供 /应答方式交换双方的通信地址; 第二节点发起从自身通信地址到第一节点通信地址的第二单向联通 性测试;
第一节点或第二节点根据第二单向联通性测试的结果, 选择能够相 互通信的通信地址 3于。
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