WO2012047195A1 - High nvs liquid toner - Google Patents
High nvs liquid toner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012047195A1 WO2012047195A1 PCT/US2010/051325 US2010051325W WO2012047195A1 WO 2012047195 A1 WO2012047195 A1 WO 2012047195A1 US 2010051325 W US2010051325 W US 2010051325W WO 2012047195 A1 WO2012047195 A1 WO 2012047195A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nvs
- toner
- carrier fluid
- polymer
- hydrocarbon carrier
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
- G03G9/131—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
- G03G9/132—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
- G03G9/133—Graft-or block polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
Definitions
- Digital printing involves technologies in which a printed image is created directly from digital data, for example using electronic layout and/or desktop publishing programs.
- Methods of digital printing include full-color ink-jet printing, electrophotographic printing, laser photo printing, and thermal transfer printing methods.
- Electrophotographic printing techniques involve the formation of a latent image on a photoconductor surface mounted on an imaging plate or other surface.
- the photoconductor is first sensitized, usually by charging, and then exposed to light projected through a positive film of the document to be reproduced, resulting in dissipation of the charge in the areas exposed to light.
- the latent image is subsequently developed into a full image by the attraction of oppositely charged toner particles to the charge remaining on the unexposed areas.
- the developed image is transferred from the photoconductor to a hot elastomeric blanket, from which it is transferred to a substrate, such as paper, plastic or other suitable material, by heat or pressure or a combination of both to produce the printed final image.
- the latent image is developed using, either a dry toner (a colorant mixed with a powder carrier) or a liquid ink (a suspension of a pigmented resin in a liquid carrier).
- the toner or ink generally adheres to the substrate surface with little penetration into the substrate.
- the quality of the final image is largely related to the size of the particles, with higher resolution provided by smaller particles. Further, it can sometimes be desirable to have toner concentrations with relatively high solids content, however the manufacture liquid toner compositions with high solids content toners is challenging.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method in accordance with an example of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a plot of the viscosity versus shear rate of polymer paste used for the manufacture of high NVS toners of the present disclosure compared to a polymer paste manufactured using another method.
- carrier liquid refers to the fluid in which a liquid toner of the present disclosure can be dispersed to form a liquid electrophotographic ink.
- carrier liquids and vehicle components are known in the art.
- Typical carrier liquids can include a mixture of a variety of different agents, such as surfactants, co-solvents, viscosity modifiers, and/or other possible ingredients.
- the carrier liquid can, but does not need to include, the hydrocarbon carrier fluid used in the manufacture of the LEP toner.
- liquid electrophotographic toner generally refers to a toner composition having a hydrocarbon carrier fluid, a polymer, and a pigment.
- pigment generally includes colorless or colored pigment particles.
- the pigment is a pigment colorant.
- pigment colorants can be used more generally to describe not only pigment colorants, but other pigments such as organo-metallics, ferrites, ceramics, etc.
- non-volatile solids and “NVS” are used interchangeably and refer to the solids content of compositions of both manufacturing
- NVS components can include, but are not limited to, polymers or resins, silica, wax, and pigments, as well asnon volatile additives, such as lecithin, basic barium petronate, calcium petronate, and amine salts, which remain in the solid film after evaporating the carrier liquid.
- a toner composition that is described as "a high NVS toner” is a toner composition that has greater non-volatile solids content than is typically present in LEP toners.
- "high NVS" toners include toners that have a minimum of about 28 wt% non-volatile solids. In one embodiment, the high NVS toners can include a minimum of about 30 wt% non-volatile solids.
- electrophotographic printing generally refers to the process that provides an image that is transferred from a photo imaging substrate either directly, or indirectly, via an intermediate transfer member. Typically, the image is not absorbed into the substrate on which it is applied. Additionally, “electrophotographic printer” generally refers to those printers capable of performing electrophotographic printing, as described above. "Liquid
- electrophotographic printing is a specific type of electrophotographic printing where a liquid ink is employed in the electrophotographic process rather than a dry powder toner.
- the term "about” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be "a little above” or “a little below” the endpoint.
- the degree of flexibility of this term can be dictated by the particular variable and would be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to determine based on experience and the associated description herein.
- NVS non-volatile solids
- a high NVS liquid toner can comprise a ground up admixture of a hydrocarbon carrier fluid, pigment particles, and a polymer paste having an NVS content of about 38 wt% to about 65 wt%.
- the ground up admixture results in a high NVS liquid toner can have an NVS content of about 28 wt% to about 38 wt% and a viscosity of about 3,000 cPs to about 25,000 cPs.
- the polymer paste can include polymer admixed with a first quantity of a hydrocarbon carrier fluid, and the high NVS liquid toner can also include the polymer paste admixed with a second quantity of a hydrocarbon carrier fluid.
- a printing system that includes a liquid
- the LEP ink can include about 1 wt% to about 8 wt% of the high NVS liquid toner disclosed herein and about 92 wt% to about 99 wt% of a liquid vehicle. In one embodiment, the liquid toner is present at about 1 wt% to about 3 wt% of the LEP ink.
- the LEP printing device can be utilized so that the liquid toner is combined with the liquid vehicle during or shortly before printing via the printing device.
- a method of producing a high NVS toner for use in liquid electrophotographic printing includes mixing a polymer with a first quantity of a hydrocarbon carrier fluid at a temperature of about 1 10°C to about 160°C to form a polymer paste having an NVS content of about 38% to about 65%.
- the polymer paste can have an NVS content of about 38 wt% to about 50 wt%. The polymer paste is then cooled, without dilution, to a
- the toner can have a final NVS content of about 28 wt% to about 38 wt%. In another embodiment, the toner can have an NVS content of about 30 wt% of about 35 wt%.
- the method includes the initial step of heating and mixing a polymer and a hydrocarbon carrier fluid together at a temperature of about 1 10°C to 140°C.
- the heating and mixing can be for a period of about 15 minutes to 4 hr, although about 1 hr is represents an exemplary typical time period.
- the heating process allows the polymer to become solvated or dispersed in the hydrocarbon carrier fluid and forms a polymer paste.
- the polymer paste is then cooled, without diluting, to about room temperature, e.g., about 20°C to about 60°C. By cooling without diluting with additional hydrocarbon carrier fluid, the NVS content of the polymer paste is allowed to remain high, e.g., about 38 wt% to about 65 wt%.
- the high NVS cooled polymer paste can then be placed in a grinder with pigment and additional hydrocarbon carrier fluid.
- the grinding step can occur at a temperature of about 20°C to about 60°C.
- the grinding can be carried out on the polymer paste, pigment, and additional hydrocarbon carrier fluid for about 6-10 hr at 58°C followed by a period of grinding of about 44 to 48 hr at a temperature of about 45°C.
- the presently disclosed method allows the grinding to occur at a lower viscosity, while at the same time still achieving the increased NVS content of the toner.
- the additional hydrocarbon carrier used in the grinding step can be, but does not have to be, the same hydrocarbon carrier fluid that is used in the formation of the polymer paste.
- the amount of additional hydrocarbon carrier fluid added during the grinding step can be such that it makes up about 3 wt% to about 15 wt% of the finished toner composition, in one embodiment.
- the hydrocarbon carrier fluid (either the first quantity that is used to form the paste or the second quantity that is used to further dilute the toner) can be independently selected from any hydrocarbon carrier fluid known in the art that is suitable for use in LEP printing.
- the hydrocarbon carrier fluid acts as a dispersing medium for the other components in the liquid electrophotographic toners.
- the hydrocarbon carrier fluid can be a C6 to C 2 o hydrocarbon.
- the hydrocarbon carrier fluid can include a paraffin or isoparaffin. Examples of isoparaffin liquids that can be used include ISOPAR® high-purity isoparaffinic solvents with narrow boiling ranges marketed by Exxon Mobil Corporation (Fairfax, Va., USA).
- alkanes having from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms such as solvents sold under the NORPAR® (NORPAR® 12, 13 and 15) tradename available from Exxon Mobil Corporation (Fairfax, Va., USA).
- NORPAR® NORPAR® 12, 13 and 15
- Other hydrocarbons for use as carrier liquids or vehicle components are sold under the AMSCO® (AMSCO® 460 and OMS) tradename available from American Mineral Spirits Company (New York, N.Y., USA), under the SOLTROL® tradename available from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (The Woodlands, Tex., USA) and under the SHELLSOL® tradename available from Shell Chemicals Limited (London, UK).
- Such carrier liquids and vehicle components have desirable properties such as low odor, lack of color, selective solvency, good oxidation stability, low electrical conductivity, low skin irritation, low surface tension, superior spreadability, narrow boiling point range, non-corrosive to metals, low freeze point, high electrical resistivity, high interfacial tension, low latent heat of vaporization and/or low photochemical reactivity.
- the toners disclosed herein can be made using a variety of pigments and pigment colorants, including black pigments, cyan pigments, magenta pigments, yellow pigments, essentially colorless pigments, and combinations thereof.
- the pigments can be of any variety known to be useful in the electrophotographic printing fields.
- Non-limiting examples of pigments that can be used in the toners include pigments by Hoechst including Permanent Yellow DHG, Permanent Yellow GR, Permanent Yellow G, Permanent Yellow NCG-71 , Permanent Yellow GG, Hansa Yellow RA, Hansa Brilliant Yellow 5GX-02, Hansa Yellow X, NOVAPERM® YELLOW HR, NOVAPERM® YELLOW FGL, Hansa Brilliant Yellow 10GX, Permanent Yellow G3R-01 , HOSTAPERM® YELLOW H4G, HOSTAPERM® YELLOW H3G, HOSTAPERM® ORANGE GR,
- HOSTAPERM® SCARLET GO Permanent Rubine F6B
- pigments by Sun Chemical including L74-1357 Yellow, L75-1331 Yellow, L75-2337 Yellow
- pigments by Heubach including DALAMAR® YELLOW YT-858-D
- pigments by Ciba-Geigy including CROMOPHTHAL® YELLOW 3G, CROMOPHTHAL® YELLOW GR, CROMOPHTHAL® YELLOW 8G, IRGAZINE® YELLOW 5GT, IRGALITE® RUBINE 4BL, MONASTRAL® MAGENTA, MONASTRAL®
- the polymer used in the toners disclosed herein can generally be any polymer or co-polymer useful in the printing arts.
- the polymers and copolymers of the present disclosure can be prepared through polymerization mechanisms.
- the polymers and copolymers described herein can be prepared by a conventional free radical addition.
- the polymer can comprise from about 80 wt% to about 90 wt% of the total NVS of the toner compositions.
- the polymer can be a single polymer or copolymer or it can be a mixture of polymers or copolymers.
- Non-limiting examples of polymers that can be used in the toner compositions of the present disclosure include acrylate polymers and
- copolymers maleic anhydride modified polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted linear ethylene acetate polymer, ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers and their ionomers, ethylene acrylic acid copolymers and their ionomers, polyamides, ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) copolymers; copolymers of ethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated acid of either acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; copolymers of ethylene, acrylic or methacrylic acid/alkyl ester of methacrylic or acrylic acid; polyethylene; polystyrene; crystalline polypropylene; ethylene ethyl acrylate; ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers which are partially neutralized with metal ions (e.g.
- the polymer can be a NUCREL® polymer, such as NUCREL® 925, NUCREL® 2906, NUCREL® 2806, NUCREL® 699, NUCREL ® 599, or
- the polymer can include a polyethylene- acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene acrylic acid copolymers, polystyrene,
- polyethylene ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers, and combinations thereof.
- the toner compositions can further include a wax.
- the wax can be added to the polymer paste, pigment particles, and additional hydrocarbon for the grinding step of the manufacturing process.
- the wax can be wax particles that have been treated with a charge adjuvant to increase their susceptibility to charging by a charge director.
- the wax can comprise about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% of the NVS content of the toner. Any wax known in the art can be used so long as it is compatible with the other components of the toner.
- the wax can be a polyethylene wax.
- the toners can also include a charge director.
- the charge director can be added to the toners in order to maintain sufficient electrostatic charge of the toner particles for effective electrostatic printing.
- the charge director can include aluminum tri-stearate.
- the charge director can include lecithin, basic barium petronate and calcium petronate, or an amine salt, etc. When present, the charge director can be added to the toner for grinding step. Additionally, in one embodiment, a charge director can be added to and ground with a wax prior to the addition of the wax and the charge director to the other components of the toner.
- the toner compositions of the present disclosure can further include silica.
- the silica can be dispersed in the polymer or within the toner.
- the silica can comprise about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the NVS of the toner.
- the silica can be activated silica.
- the silica can have a methacryl propyl trimethoxy silane functionality.
- compositions and their method of manufacture are disclosed herein.
- polyethylene-acrylic acid co-polymer (NUCREL 699, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del) is mixed in a ROSS double planetary mixer (Charles Ross & Son Co. , Hauppauge, N.Y.) with 1750 grams of ISOPAR® L (an iso-parfinic oil manufactured by Exxon Mobile Corp. in Irving, Texas) carrier liquid at a speed of 60 rpm and a temperature of 130°C for 1 hr. The temperature is then reduced and mixing is continued until the mixture reaches room temperature. During cooling, granules of polymer (with solvated carrier liquid) in carrier liquid are produced.
- the polymer paste has an NVS content of about 25 wt%. In order to get the paste to a higher NVS content, the paste was dried slowly at a low temperature in order to not damage the solids present in the paste while driving off a portion of the solvent until the NVS content was at approximately 41 .9 wt%.
- the viscosity of the polymer pastes used in the production of LEP toners can be tested according to the following methodology.
- a reheometer such as Model: AR 2000 and the software Rheology advantage data analysis V5.1.42 can be used to measure flow properties like viscosity, modulus, compliance, of materials and their components by comparing the apparent viscosity from the amplitudes of the input and output signals yields.
- a controlled stress (strain) Rheometer applies a rotational stress (displacement) to a sample held between two parallel plates and measures its resulting movement (force).
- the Rheometer can also be used as a viscometer, by applying the stress in a steady direction. Stress-Strain curves from viscometer measurements can be used to classify the type of flow the fluid undergoes, and to determine flow properties. For example, if the fluid is Newtonian, the Newtonian viscosity can be determined.
- the viscosities of the polymer pastes of Examples 2 and 4 were tested for their respective properties useful for grinding with pigment and hydrocarbon solvent.
- the viscosities were measured with a rheometer using two different methods. Each method used a rheometer having parallel plate with a gap of 500 ⁇ . In Method 1 , the temperature was about 25°C, the rheometer was set to flow mode, and there was a continuous shear rate. In Method 2, the temperature was about 25°C, the rheometer was set to oscillation mode, and there was controlled oscillation stress of about 3000 and a frequency of about 10 Hz. The results of testing on the Example 2 polymer paste and Example 4 polymer paste are shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the polymer paste of Example 2 prepared in accordance with a method of the present disclosure has reduced viscosity at comparable shear rates than the comparative polymer paste of Example 4.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10858218.0A EP2625567B1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High nvs liquid toner |
PCT/US2010/051325 WO2012047195A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High nvs liquid toner |
BR112013004060A BR112013004060A2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | high level liquid toner, printing system and method for producing high level toner for liquid electrophotographic printing |
US13/877,324 US8974997B2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High NVS liquid toner |
CN201080068978.1A CN103080846B (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High nvs liquid toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/051325 WO2012047195A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High nvs liquid toner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012047195A1 true WO2012047195A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
Family
ID=45927986
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/051325 WO2012047195A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | High nvs liquid toner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8974997B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2625567B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103080846B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013004060A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012047195A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015007313A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-22 | Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. | Method of producing an electrostatic ink composition |
CN110003573A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-07-12 | 司徒志成 | Liquid color masterbatch composition and its preparation method and application |
Citations (6)
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US6020103A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2000-02-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Liquid developer, method of producing the liquid developer and image formation using the same |
US6146803A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 2000-11-14 | Indigo N.V. | Polymer blend liquid toner compositions |
KR100301325B1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 2001-10-22 | 알렉산더 디. 데 브리제, 에이치 제이. 브랜드 | Electrostatic Imaging Liquid Toner |
WO2006131905A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | A method of charging toner particles |
WO2008054386A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | High solids liquid toner concentrate and method of its production |
US20080299481A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid Developer and Image Forming Apparatus |
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US5306590A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1994-04-26 | Xerox Corporation | High solids liquid developer containing carboxyl terminated polyester toner resin |
US5451483A (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1995-09-19 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid developer compositions |
JP2000336291A (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-12-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Oil based ink for electrostatic ink jet |
JP2003533741A (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2003-11-11 | ヒューレット−パッカード・インデイゴ・ビー・ブイ | Fluorescent liquid toner and printing method using the same |
US6692881B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2004-02-17 | Ricoh Company Limited | Recording liquid and image forming method using the recording liquid |
US6806013B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2004-10-19 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Liquid inks comprising stabilizing plastisols |
US6897002B2 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2005-05-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Liquid developer, image-fixing apparatus using the same, and image-forming apparatus using the same |
KR100548148B1 (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2006-02-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid ink composition and preparation method of the same |
US7736828B2 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2010-06-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Liquid toner methods of producing same |
WO2008045085A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Liquid developer with an incompatible additive |
-
2010
- 2010-10-04 CN CN201080068978.1A patent/CN103080846B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-04 EP EP10858218.0A patent/EP2625567B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-10-04 BR BR112013004060A patent/BR112013004060A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-10-04 WO PCT/US2010/051325 patent/WO2012047195A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-10-04 US US13/877,324 patent/US8974997B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US6146803A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 2000-11-14 | Indigo N.V. | Polymer blend liquid toner compositions |
KR100301325B1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 2001-10-22 | 알렉산더 디. 데 브리제, 에이치 제이. 브랜드 | Electrostatic Imaging Liquid Toner |
US6020103A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2000-02-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Liquid developer, method of producing the liquid developer and image formation using the same |
WO2006131905A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | A method of charging toner particles |
WO2008054386A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | High solids liquid toner concentrate and method of its production |
US20080299481A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid Developer and Image Forming Apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2625567A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2625567A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
US20130223887A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
EP2625567A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
CN103080846B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
BR112013004060A2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
US8974997B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
CN103080846A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
EP2625567B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
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