WO2012028088A1 - Led照明方法及装置 - Google Patents

Led照明方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012028088A1
WO2012028088A1 PCT/CN2011/079121 CN2011079121W WO2012028088A1 WO 2012028088 A1 WO2012028088 A1 WO 2012028088A1 CN 2011079121 W CN2011079121 W CN 2011079121W WO 2012028088 A1 WO2012028088 A1 WO 2012028088A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led
constant current
diode
current diode
led lighting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079121
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张继强
张哲源
Original Assignee
贵州光浦森光电有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2010102718386A external-priority patent/CN101917810A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010271850.7A external-priority patent/CN101909393B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010105279802A external-priority patent/CN102056376B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010206358667U external-priority patent/CN201887987U/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010105732807A external-priority patent/CN102006695A/zh
Application filed by 贵州光浦森光电有限公司 filed Critical 贵州光浦森光电有限公司
Priority to US13/984,212 priority Critical patent/US9107254B2/en
Publication of WO2012028088A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012028088A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/18—Controlling the intensity of the light using temperature feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49128—Assembling formed circuit to base

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED illumination method and device, and belongs to the technical field of LED illumination.
  • LED lighting has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving.
  • the current luminous efficiency of LED lighting can exceed 70LM/W, which is more energy-saving than traditional energy-saving lamps.
  • the luminous efficiency of green LED can be as high as 683LM/W; the theoretical efficiency of white LED can reach 182. 45LM/W; LED is a unidirectional point source, which is easier to achieve illumination direction than traditional illumination 360 degree illumination.
  • Optical control at this point, the LED has much higher illumination efficiency than the traditional illumination; plus the LED light source has higher color rendering than the book source and easy to realize the brightness control of the light source, so the space for LED lighting energy saving is huge.
  • the LED's luminous efficiency causes the LED's luminous efficiency to drop rapidly, forming a so-called "light decay.”
  • the withstand voltage of the LED is about 3. 2V (between 3. 0 and 3. 5V).
  • the LED light output is related to the drive current, regardless of the supply voltage. Unstable drive current supply causes the LED to overheat, which causes the LED's luminous efficiency to drop rapidly, resulting in so-called "light decay.”
  • the current supply voltage of the existing LED optical module is mainly a low voltage of 48V or less.
  • most of the power supply circuits are complicated in structure, low in efficiency, and high in cost, resulting in a large structure of LED lamps and a high price, which limits the rapid promotion of LED lighting to a certain extent.
  • the LED chip is packaged into a separate chip module, and the bridge rectifier, rectifier diode, and constant current diode are also packaged into independent components, respectively, and the lamp manufacturer first separates these.
  • the components are integrated on the circuit board to form an LED circuit board, and then the LED circuit board and the lamp housing are assembled to form an LED lamp.
  • the entire production process is long, time consuming, costly and inefficient.
  • the technical solution of the invention is: an LED illumination method, which is characterized in that: the power supply source drives the LED illumination after the constant current of the constant current diode CRD, and the constant current diode CRD and the LED optical module package are integrated in one chip to form LED light module integrated chip, constant current diode CRD has negative power characteristics, so that the LED light module integrated chip has negative power physical characteristics.
  • the constant current diode CRD will automatically reduce the circuit power input.
  • the LED light module integrated chip temperature is lowered, thereby protecting the LED light module integrated chip, and avoiding the problem that the LED is light-damaged due to overheating.
  • the pulse source output control pulse is used, and after rectification by the diode, the constant current diode CRD with the control terminal is intermittently turned on according to the controlled pulse frequency, so that the power source is given to the LED optical mode.
  • the group is intermittently powered, and the LED light module is intermittently flashed according to the control frequency.
  • the human eye is insensitive to high-frequency flickering. When the power supply is halved, the normal lighting effect is achieved, and the energy-saving goal is achieved, so that the input power is reduced.
  • the upper and lower half waves respectively drive two series groups in the LED light module, so that the two series groups alternately flash, using the characteristics that the human eye is insensitive to high frequency flicker, and in the case of halving the power supply, the normal lighting is approached.
  • the effect is to achieve energy saving.
  • the power supply is a super capacitor C for charging the solar battery or a power source converted into a DC output by the AC mains via a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • An LED lighting device comprising: an LED light module connected in series and a constant current diode CRD, wherein the LED light module is composed of a plurality of LEDs connected in series; the LED light module and the constant current diode
  • the CRD and a power supply form a closed loop; the LEDs in the LED light module are arranged in an array of rows and columns in the chip package; the constant current diode CRD and the LED light module package are integrated in one chip. More than one LED light module can be used in series or in parallel.
  • control terminal of the constant current diode CRD is sequentially connected with a diode D1 and a PWM pulse source.
  • the power supply is a super capacitor C
  • the super capacitor C is connected in parallel with the solar panel
  • a rectifier diode D2 is also arranged on the solar panel.
  • the power supply is an AC mains battery with a bridge rectifier circuit connected at both ends.
  • An AC power supply mode LED lighting device comprising a positive connection and a reverse connection constant current diode
  • CRD parallel group and LED light module connected in series with constant current diode CRD; constant current diode CRD parallel group, LED light module and one AC power closed loop; LED light module is connected by multiple forwards
  • the LED group is composed of a plurality of reversely connected LED groups in parallel.
  • the constant current diode CRD parallel group and the LED light module are packaged in the same chip, and the LEDs in the LED light module are arranged in a row forward direction when the chip is packaged.
  • the power source of the lighting device is a commercial power of 50 Hz/S or 60 Hz/s, or an AC power supply higher than the commercial frequency provided by the frequency converter.
  • the LED series circuit of the LED light module is composed of a series of M X N/2 LEDs connected in series.
  • An AC and DC LED lighting circuit characterized in that: comprising power terminals J1 and J2, J1 and J2 are connected to the input end of rectifier bridge B1, and the output of rectifier bridge B1 and LED optical module D3
  • the constant current diode D4 is connected to the diode D6.
  • LED optical module D3, constant current diode D4 and diode D6 in series Together, the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D5 and the diode D7; wherein D4 and D6 are opposite to the directions of D5 and D7.
  • the constant current diode D4 and the constant current diode D5 are both packaged in a chip with the LED optical module D.
  • the constant current diodes D4 and D5 are a plurality of parallel or series constant current diode groups.
  • the power terminals J1 and J2 are connected with a transient diode D8, and J1 is also connected in series with a self-recovering fuse F1 (anti-overload, over-voltage, over-heat).
  • the output end of the rectifier bridge B1 is also connected with a filter capacitor Cl, and a series circuit of the LED optical module D3, the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6 is also connected in series with a resistor R1.
  • control terminals of the constant current diodes D5 and D4 are also connected to the preliminary terminal J3.
  • a method for improving LED luminous efficiency which is characterized in that: a constant current diode is used to control the current of driving the LED, and at the same time, the LED is used as a heat source of the constant current diode, and the influence of the heat source on the ambient temperature of the constant current diode makes the LED and the constant current A mode of mutual feedback adjustment is formed between the diodes.
  • the mutual feedback adjustment operation mode is that when the operating temperature of the LED exceeds the control temperature, the ambient temperature of the constant current diode is heated above the prohibition temperature, so that the constant current diode is output to the LED.
  • the rated power decreases as the ambient temperature increases, suppressing the temperature of the LED from continuing to rise, thereby preventing the LED from reducing the luminous efficiency due to overheating.
  • the control temperature is a temperature that you want to control the LED to not exceed.
  • the control temperature can be set according to the characteristics of the LED chipset 2, or it can be set according to specific needs.
  • the heat source of the constant current diode further includes a heating element in the LED lighting circuit, and the heat generated by the heating element compensates for the loss of the LED heat conduction to the constant current diode, so that the constant current diode is accurate in real time.
  • the ground reaches the LED operating temperature.
  • the heating element is a heating element of the LED lighting circuit itself and/or other heating elements specifically designed to be added to the circuit.
  • the heat generating component is a resistive component, a ceramic component, a mica component, a flexible component or a field effect transistor.
  • the prohibition temperature is an upper limit of the ambient temperature of the constant current characteristic of the constant current diode, and the rated power of the constant current diode to the LED output when the ambient temperature of the constant current diode exceeds the prohibition temperature. Will decrease with increasing temperature.
  • the heat source is spatially close to the constant current diode, or the constant current diode is connected to the heat source through the heat conductive medium.
  • the invention relates to an integrated method of an LED lighting circuit, which is characterized in that a rectifier circuit, a constant current diode and an LED light emitting diode in an LED lighting circuit are packaged together to form an LED lighting integrated chip.
  • the rectifier circuit includes a rectifier bridge or/and a rectifier diode.
  • the LED lighting integrated chip externally leads to a regulating end of the constant current diode and a power interface.
  • the LED lighting integrated chip externally leads to a connection capacitor.
  • the LED lighting circuit includes a power source, and both ends of the power supply are connected to an input end of the rectifier bridge B2, and an LED light module D9 composed of an output end of the rectifier bridge B2 and an LED light emitting diode is constant.
  • the flow diode D10 is connected to the rectifier diode D12, and the LED light module D9, the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are connected in series; and the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D11 and the rectifier diode D13. ; D10 and D12 are opposite to D11 and D13.
  • the constant current diodes D10 and D11 are a plurality of constant current diode groups connected in parallel or in series.
  • the output terminal of the rectifier bridge B2 is further connected with a filter capacitor C2.
  • An LED lighting integrated chip characterized in that: it comprises a rectifier circuit chip, a constant current diode chip and an LED light emitting diode chip in an LED lighting circuit, a rectifier circuit chip, a constant current diode chip and an LED light emitting diode chip are packaged in an LED bracket on.
  • the rectifying circuit includes a rectifier bridge or/and a rectifying diode; the LED lighting integrated chip externally leads to a regulating end of the constant current diode and a power interface; the LED lighting integrated chip is further provided Connect the leads of the capacitors externally.
  • the LED lighting circuit includes a power source, and both ends of the power supply are connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge B2, and the output end of the rectifier bridge B2 and the LED light module D9 composed of the LED light-emitting diodes and the constant current diode D10 is connected to the rectifier diode D12, the LED light module D9, the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are connected in series; and the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D11 and the rectifier diode D13; D10 and D12 are opposite to D11 and D13.
  • the constant current diodes D10 and D11 are a plurality of constant current diode groups connected in parallel or in series.
  • a filter capacitor C2 is also connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier bridge B2.
  • the method of the invention effectively simplifies the structure of the LED lighting circuit.
  • the invention uses the LED light module integrated chip, and the LED does not have a phenomenon that the temperature is too high and the light decay is aggravated, thereby avoiding the LED overheating light decay. Problems that further reduce energy consumption.
  • the invention also converts the current of the direct current output into a stable pulse current output with controllable pulse width, and the controllable CRD constant current diode is intermittently connected according to the controlled pulse frequency through the diode D1, and the LED optical module obtains the intermittent power supply of the control frequency.
  • the present invention can reduce the heat generation of the LED wick significantly compared to the conventional DC-powered LED, because the required input power is lower, and the LED does not have excessive temperature and the light decays. .
  • the problem of LED overheating light decay is avoided, thereby further reducing energy consumption; and the invention can make the LED supply current through the constant current diode very stable, and can also avoid the LED overheating, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the LED, and also reducing Energy consumption. Due to the lighting device and method of the invention, the LED lighting fixture is made very simple and inexpensive, which is beneficial to the promotion and application speed of the LED lighting.
  • the AC and DC LED lighting circuit effectively simplifies the structure of the LED lighting circuit, and can be powered not only by an AC power source but also by a DC power source; and the utility model can make the LED current supply current through the constant current diode very stable. It also avoids overheating of the LEDs, which increases the luminous efficiency of the LEDs and also reduces energy consumption. Since the lighting circuit structure of the utility model makes the LED lighting fixtures very simple and inexpensive, it is beneficial to improve the promotion and application speed of the LED lighting.
  • the change of the power supply part caused by the change of the upstream LED chip is avoided; the requirement of the power supply appearance caused by different lamps is avoided downstream; and the structure is simple and the cost is low, and the upstream and downstream power supply change requirements only need to be adjusted by constant current
  • the specifications and quantity of the diode can be satisfied, making the manufacture of general lighting fixtures more sustainable and large-scale, which provides the basis for the next step of LED scale.
  • the method for improving the luminous efficiency of the LED of the invention controls the current of the driving LED through the constant current diode, and simultaneously uses the LED as the heat source of the constant current diode to form a working mode of mutual feedback adjustment.
  • the temperature of the LED exceeds the control temperature, the heat of the LED and the heat generated by the heating element designed to heat the constant current diode and the heating element of the circuit itself will cause the constant current diode to reach the prohibition temperature, so that the constant current diode rapidly reduces the external output power, thereby
  • the LED power is reduced, the temperature is lowered, and after the temperature drops to a certain level, the output power of the constant current diode increases the LED, and the brightness of the LED is ensured.
  • the LED is always operated at a relatively low temperature, and the brightness is not As for being too low, it can suppress the generation of light decay, improve the luminous efficiency of the LED, and ensure the normal service life of the LED.
  • the rectifier bridge, the rectifier diode, the constant current diode and the LED light emitting diode in the LED lighting circuit are packaged together to form an LED lighting integrated chip.
  • the LED lighting integrated chip is soldered and mounted on the lamp housing, that is, the finished LED lamp is obtained. This will greatly reduce the production links, production costs, and industrialization of LED energy-saving lighting products.
  • the method of the present invention can integrally package all the key components (rectifier components, constant current components, LED light-emitting components) involved in LED illumination work into a small volume smaller than e i3 ⁇ 1 mm (diameter X thickness).
  • the lamp manufacturer only needs to put a small-sized LED lighting integrated chip on the lamp, and then Soldering the power connection can become a finished LED fixture.
  • the lamps need to be purchased in the production of power. Only the power supply volume will be larger than C 25X25 (diameter X thickness), and then the LED chips and other components will be purchased and packaged onto the PCB. The other components are packaged separately, the volume is inevitably larger, the PCB board will be larger than (?50 ⁇ TM (diameter X thickness), and then the power supply and PCB board are soldered and mounted on the lamp housing.
  • the entire production process is lengthy. There are many management and control links, and the production cost is high.
  • any change in the LED chip will result in changes in the power supply specifications.
  • different lamps also impose strict size requirements on the power supply, resulting in a small power supply and a high price.
  • the power supply is embedded in the small space of the bulb lamp, which is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the power supply.
  • the heating of the LED further aggravates the aging of the power component and the LED chip, and the life of the LED lamp is greatly reduced.
  • Embodiment 1 is an LED lighting device circuit in a solar power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is an LED lighting device circuit for increasing pulse in the solar power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an LED lighting device circuit of the DC power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an LED lighting device circuit for increasing pulse in the DC power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an LED optical module integrated circuit structure of the DC power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a DC power supply mode of Embodiment 1. LED light module arrangement structure;
  • Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of an LED lighting device of the AC power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 8 is an embodiment of an LED optical module integrated circuit of an AC power supply mode of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of improving the luminous efficiency of the LED
  • Figure 12 is a bulb circuit PCB circuit board of Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the output power and temperature of a constant current diode
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the principle of the present invention.
  • 15 is a circuit connection diagram of an LED optical module in a DC mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit of an LED optical module in an AC mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Example 1 An LED illumination method (DC power supply mode), the power supply power source drives the LED illumination through the constant current of the constant current diode CRD, and the constant current diode CRD and the LED optical module package are integrated in one chip to form an LED light module integration.
  • Chip, constant current diode CRD has negative power characteristics, making The LED light module integrated chip has negative power physical characteristics.
  • the constant current diode CRD will automatically reduce the circuit power input, so that the LED light module integrated chip temperature is lowered, thereby protecting the LED light module.
  • Integrated chip to avoid the problem of LED light decay due to overheating.
  • the pulse source output can control the pulse, and after rectification by the diode, the constant current diode CRD with the control terminal is intermittently connected according to the controlled pulse frequency, so that the power supply intermittently supplies power to the LED light module, and the LED light module intermittently flashes according to the control frequency.
  • the use of the human eye is not sensitive to high-frequency flickering, in the case of halving the amount of power supply, close to the normal lighting effect, achieving the goal of energy saving, so that the input power is reduced, and the problem of LED light fading due to overheating can be further avoided.
  • the power supply is a super capacitor C that charges the solar battery or a power source that is converted into a DC output by the AC mains via a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • An LED lighting device implementing the above method comprises a series LED light module and a constant current diode CRD, wherein the LED light module is composed of a plurality of LEDs connected in series; the LED light module, the constant current diode CRD and a DC power supply The power supply constitutes a closed loop; the LEDs in the LED light module are arranged in a multi-row and multi-row array when the chip is packaged (as shown in FIG. 6); the constant current diode CRD and the LED optical module package are integrated in one chip (as shown in FIG. 5). The dotted line box shown).
  • the control terminals of the constant current diode CRD are sequentially connected with a diode D1 and a P-pulse source.
  • the power supply can be a super capacitor C, a super capacitor C parallel to the solar panel U on both sides, and the solar panel U also has a rectifier diode D2 (shown in Figures 1 and 2).
  • the power supply can also be AC mains AC (shown in Figures 3 and 4) with a bridge rectifier circuit (dotted box section) at both ends.
  • the implementation can be implemented as follows:
  • the power supply is powered by solar energy, namely: a solar panel U, a super capacitor C, a rectifier diode D2, a control switch K, a PWM pulse source with adjustable pulse width, and a rectifier diode Dl 2 constant current diode 2DHL300, using 2 LED light modules in series, each block adopts 7 3.
  • LED light module power is 2 X 7W, see Figure 1;
  • the solar battery pack charges the super capacitor C; when it needs to be lit, close the control switch K, the super capacitor C discharges, the pulse source output pulse 200Hz/S, and the controllable CRD is constant through the diode D 1
  • the flow diode 2DHL300 is intermittently turned on at a frequency of 200 Hz/S, and the LED optical module obtains intermittent power supply at a frequency of 200 Hz/s.
  • the instrument test input power is 7W and the brightness is also 7 X 80LM/W.
  • the optical module alternately illuminates the afterglow and the intermittent power supply at a frequency of 200Hz/S, the human eye sees the continuous light without seeing the intermittent glare.
  • the visual effect of the human eye is far greater than 7W, close to 11W.
  • the lighting effect can also achieve a further energy saving of about 40% based on LED efficient lighting.
  • An LED lighting method for AC power supply mode using a constant current diode CRD parallel group to keep the supply current constant and rectifying characteristics, so that the upper and lower half waves of the alternating current drive one of the two series groups in the LED light module respectively in one cycle
  • the two series groups are alternately flashed, and the characteristics that the human eye is insensitive to high-frequency flicker are utilized, and in the case where the power supply amount is halved, the normal lighting effect is approached, and energy saving is achieved.
  • the constant current diode CRD parallel group and the LED optical module package are integrated in one chip to form an LED light module integrated chip, and the constant current diode CRD control terminal is taken out, and the LED illumination mode is controlled according to working time and sunshine brightness.
  • the constant current diode CRD has negative power characteristics, so that the LED optical module integrated chip has negative power physical characteristics.
  • the constant current diode CRD will automatically reduce the circuit power input and integrate the LED light module. The temperature of the chip is reduced, thereby protecting the LED and avoiding the problem of LED light decay due to overheating.
  • the power source can be a commercial power of 50 Hz/S or 60 Hz/s, or an AC power source higher than the mains frequency provided by the frequency converter.
  • An AC power supply mode LED lighting device implementing the above method, as shown in FIG. 7: a parallel group of a constant current diode CRD including a positive connection and a reverse connection, and an LED light module serially connected in series with the constant current diode CRD; A closed loop composed of a parallel group of flow diode CRD, an LED optical module and an AC power supply; the LED optical module and the constant current diode CRD are connected in series and packaged in an integrated chip (Fig. 8), an AC power supply and an integrated chip. Connected in series to a closed loop.
  • the LEDs in the LED light module are arranged in a row with a forward direction and a row with a reverse interval (such as M rows and N columns of LED light modules shown in FIG. 9).
  • the AC power supply is directly connected to the mains, that is: AC220V 50Hz/S, the constant current diode is connected with two 2DHL300s in parallel, and two LED optical modules are connected in series, each block adopts 72 3. 2V, 1W
  • the LED dies are packaged in 8 rows and 9 columns.
  • the power of the LED optical module is 2 X 72W.
  • the constant current diodes in the 2 LED optical modules are forwarded, 1, 3, 5 7 lines are lit; in the second half of the alternating current, the constant current diodes in the 2 LED light modules are negatively turned on, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 lines are lit.
  • the instrument test input power is 72W and the brightness is also 72 X 80LM/W.
  • the human eye sees the continuous light without seeing the discontinuity.
  • the sparkle the human eye visual effect is far greater than the effect produced by 72W, close to 110W lighting effect, thus achieving further energy saving of about 40% based on LED efficient lighting.
  • FIG. 10 An AC/DC LED lighting circuit combining the above two methods, the structure is shown in Figure 10, including power terminals J1 and J2, J1 and J2 are connected to the input of the rectifier bridge B1, and the output of the rectifier bridge B1 It is connected to the LED light module D3, the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6.
  • the LED optical module D3, the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6 are connected in series; and the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D5 and the diode D7; wherein D4 and D6 are opposite to the directions of D5 and D7 .
  • the constant current diodes D4 and D5 are a plurality of constant current diode groups connected in parallel or in series.
  • the power terminals J1 and J2 are connected to a transient diode D8, and J1 is also connected in series with a self-recovering fuse F1.
  • the output end of the rectifier bridge B1 is also connected with a filter capacitor Cl.
  • the series circuit of the LED optical module D3, the constant current diode D4 and the diode D6 is also connected in series with a resistor R1.
  • the control terminals of the constant current diodes D5 and D4 are also connected to the preliminary terminal J3.
  • J3 can be connected to the PWM pulse source to provide pulse output to the LED optical module.
  • Example 2 A method of improving the luminous efficiency of LEDs.
  • the current of the driving LED is controlled by the constant current diode, and the LED is used as the heat source of the constant current diode.
  • the working temperature of the LED exceeds the control temperature, the ambient temperature of the constant current diode is heated above the prohibition temperature, so that the constant current diode outputs the LED.
  • the rated power decreases with the increase of the ambient temperature, which inhibits the temperature of the LED from continuing to rise, thereby preventing the LED from lowering the luminous efficiency due to overheating, and forming a mutual feedback adjustment working mode between the LED and the constant current diode.
  • the prohibition temperature is an upper limit of the ambient temperature of the constant current diode from a constant current characteristic.
  • the rated power of the constant current diode decreases as the temperature increases.
  • the temperature is prohibited at around 60 °C.
  • the method of using the LED as a heat source of the constant current diode is to place the constant current diode together with the working LED, or to connect the constant current diode to the working LED through the heat conduction medium. It can also cooperate with the heat generated by other heating elements in the LED lighting circuit to provide a base temperature for the constant current diode, which can compensate the loss of LED heat conduction to the constant current diode, so that the constant current diode can accurately reach the LED working temperature in real time. It is also possible to change the control temperature by adjusting the base temperature.
  • the control temperature is a temperature that is desired to control the LED not to be exceeded, such as 50 ° C.
  • the sum of the heat of the LED and the heating element designed to heat the constant current diode will be Let the constant current diode reach the prohibition temperature of 60 °C. It is assumed that the heating of the heating element is increased, and the basic ambient temperature is raised. At this time, the LED can be heated to a prohibition temperature of 60 ° C at a temperature of less than or close to 50 ° C, that is, the control temperature of the LED. going down.
  • the constant current diode 1 supplies power to the LED chip set 2, Stable current output, when the LED chipset 2 works for a long time, the temperature rises.
  • the control temperature is reached, the ambient temperature of the constant current diode 1 near the LED chipset 2 reaches the prohibition temperature (60 ° C), and the control temperature can be based on
  • the characteristic setting of the LED chipset 2 can also be set according to specific needs, as shown in FIG.
  • the rated power outputted by the constant current diode 1 decreases with increasing temperature, thereby the LED chipset. 2
  • the external output power decreases, the operating temperature is gradually reduced, and the rated power of the external output of the constant current diode 1 rises.
  • the operating temperature of the LED chipset 2 rises again to about 60 °C, the above steps are repeated.
  • the LED chipset 2 is always operated at a relatively low temperature, and the brightness is not too low, which can suppress the generation of light decay, improve the luminous efficiency of the LED, and ensure the normal service life of the LED.
  • Example 3 An integrated method of LED lighting circuit, which comprises encapsulating a rectifier circuit (including a rectifier bridge or/and a rectifier diode), a constant current diode and an LED light emitting diode in an LED lighting circuit to form an LED lighting integrated chip (circuit).
  • LED lighting integrated chip can also be directly used by existing rectifier circuit chips (die), constant current diode chips (die) and LED light-emitting diodes
  • the tube chip (die) is packaged on an LED holder, and the above components share a single package.
  • the LED lighting integrated chip externally leads to a regulating end of the constant current diode and a power interface.
  • the LED lighting integrated chip also leads to a connection capacitor (usually, the capacitor may not be soldered into the circuit).
  • the LED lighting circuit comprises a power source, and the two ends of the power supply are connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge B2, and the output end of the rectifier bridge B2 is connected with the LED light module D9 composed of the LED light-emitting diodes, the constant current diode D10 and the diode D12, and the LED light
  • the module D9, the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are connected in series; and the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D1 1 and the rectifier diode D13; wherein D10 and D12 are combined with D11 and D13 The opposite direction.
  • the constant current diodes D10 and D1 1 are a plurality of constant current diode groups connected in parallel or in series.
  • the output end of the rectifier bridge B2 is also connected with a filter capacitor C2.
  • An LED lighting integrated chip as shown in FIG. 14, which comprises a rectifier circuit chip, a constant current diode chip and an LED light emitting diode chip in an LED lighting circuit, and a rectifier circuit chip, a constant current diode chip and an LED light emitting diode chip are packaged in one On the LED bracket.
  • the rectifier circuit comprises a rectifier bridge or/and a rectifier diode; the LED illumination integrated chip externally leads to a regulation end of the constant current diode and a power interface; the LED illumination integrated chip further has a lead for externally connecting the capacitor.
  • the LED lighting circuit comprises a power source, and the two ends of the power supply are connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge B2, and the output end of the rectifier bridge B2 is connected with the LED light module D9 composed of the LED light-emitting diodes, the constant current diode D10 and the rectifier diode D12, and the LED
  • the optical module D9, the constant current diode D10 and the rectifying diode D12 are connected in series; and the constant current diode D10 and the rectifying diode D12 are also connected in parallel with the series circuit of the constant current diode D11 and the rectifying diode D 13; wherein D10 and D12 and D11 and D13 The opposite direction.
  • the constant current diodes D10 and D11 are a plurality of constant current diode groups connected in parallel or in series.
  • a filter capacitor C2 is also connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier bridge B2.
  • the components D1 l, D12, D13, and D9 in FIG. 14 are canceled, and the structure of FIG. 15 is adopted, that is, the plurality of multiple LEDs in the same direction are arranged in series, arranged in M rows and N columns;
  • the bridge rectifier B2 in Fig. 14 is cancelled, and at the same time, 1 and 2, 3 and 4 points in the circuit are directly connected, and D9 adopts the structure shown in Fig. 16, that is, a plurality of forward-connected LED groups. It is composed of a plurality of reversely connected LED groups in parallel, arranged in M rows and N columns.
  • the integrated chip externally leads to one contact and two contacts of the power interface, and two contacts of the capacitor connection (in most cases, the capacitor connection may not be led out).

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Description

LED照明方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及 LED照明方法及装置，属于 LED照明技术领域。
背景技术
LED 照明具有高效、 节能的说优点， 当前 LED 照明灯的发光效率大多可超过 70LM/W,比传统的节能灯更具节能优势。理论上绿光 LED发光效率可高达 683LM/W; 白光 LED的理论效率也可达 182. 45LM/W; 比起传统照明 360度的发光方式， LED 为单向点光源， 比较容易实现照明方向的光学控制，这一点上 LED比传统照明有 高的多的照明效率；加上 LED光源显色性较传书统光源高和易于实现光源亮度控制 等优势， 因此 LED照明节能提升的空间巨大。 但是， LED过热会导致 LED的发光 效率迅速下降，形成所谓"光衰"。 LED的承受电压约为 3. 2V ( 3. 0〜3. 5V之间）， 理论上， LED光输出与驱动电流有关， 而与电源电压无关。 不稳定的驱动电流供 给会让 LED过热， 从而导致 LED的发光效率迅速下降， 形成所谓 "光衰"。
现有的 LED光模块的供电电压大多为 48V以下的低电压为主。为了达到恒流 效果，供电电路大多结构复杂，效率不高，造价高，造成 LED灯具成品结构庞大、 价格趋高， 一定程度上限制了 LED照明的迅速推广。
而且， 在现行的 LED灯具设计中， LED芯片被封装成个独立的芯片模组， 桥式整流、整流二极管、恒流二极管等也分别被封装成独立的元器件， 灯具制造 商先将这些独立的元器件集成在电路板形成 LED电路板，再将 LED电路板和灯 壳组装在一起形成 LED灯具。 整个生产过程流程长、 耗时、 成本高、 低效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于， 提供 LED照明方法及装置。 它可提高 LED的发光效率， 且可精简 LED照明装置的结构， 降低生产成本， 便于产业化生产。
本发明的技术方案： 一种 LED照明方法， 其特点是： 供电电源通过恒流二极 管 CRD的恒定电流作用后驱动 LED发光照明，恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装 集成在一个芯片内， 形成 LED光模组集成芯片， 恒流二极管 CRD具负功率特性， 使 LED光模组集成芯片具有负功率物理特性，当整个 LED集成芯片工作温度过高 时，恒流二极管 CRD会自动减少电路功率输入，使 LED光模组集成芯片温度降低， 从而保护 LED光模组集成芯片， 避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题。
前述的 LED照明方法中， 利用脉冲源输出可控制脉冲， 通过二极管整流后， 使带控制端的恒流二极管 CRD按控制的脉冲频率间断接通，从而电源给 LED光模 组间断供电， LED光模组按控制频率间断闪烁， 利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏感的特 征， 在供电量减半的情况下， 接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目标， 使得输入的 功率降低， 可进一步避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题； 或利用一个正接和一个反接 的恒流二极管 CRD组成的恒流二极管 CRD并联组使供电电流保持恒定和整流特性， 使交流电在一个周期内的上下两个半波分别驱动 LED光模组中的两个串联组，使 两个串联组交替闪烁，利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏感的特征，在供电量减半的情况 下， 接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目的。
前述的 LED照明方法中，供电电源为太阳能电池充电的超级电容 C或为由交 流市电经桥式整流电路转化为直流输出的电源。
一种 LED照明装置 （直流供电模式）， 其特点是： 包括串联的 LED光模组和 恒流二极管 CRD， LED光模组由一路多个串接的 LED组成； LED光模组、 恒流二 极管 CRD和一个供电电源组成闭合回路； LED光模组中 LED在芯片封装时排列为 多行多列的阵列； 恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装集成在一个芯片内。一个以 上的 LED光模组可串联或并联使用。
前述的 LED照明装置中， 所述恒流二极管 CRD的控制端依次连接有二极管 D1和 PWM脉冲源。
前述的 LED照明装置中， 供电电源为超级电容 C， 超级电容 C并联太阳能电 池板两侧， 且太阳能电池板上还串有整流二极管 D2。
前述的 LED照明装置中， 供电电源为两端接有桥式整流电路的交流市电。 一种交流供电模式的 LED照明装置，包含一个正接和一个反接的恒流二极管
CRD并联组和与恒流二极管 CRD并联组串联的 LED光模组； 恒流二极管 CRD并联 组、 LED光模组和一个交流电源组成的闭合回路； LED光模组由一路多个正向串 接的 LED组和一路多个反向串接的 LED组并联组成。
前述的交流供电模式的 LED照明装置中，所述恒流二极管 CRD并联组和 LED 光模组封装在同一块芯片中，且 LED光模组中 LED在芯片封装时排列为 1行正向、
1行反向间隔排列方式； 共 M行、 N列； 一个以上的 LED光模组可串联或并联使 用。
前述的交流供电模式的 LED 照明装置中， 所述照明装置的电源为工频 50Hz/S 或 60Hz/S的市电， 或是由变频器提供的高于市电频率的交流电源。
前述的交流供电模式的 LED照明装置中， LED光模组中 LED串联电路每路由 M X N/2颗发光二极管串联组成。
一种交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特点是： 包括电源接线端 J1和 J2， J1 和 J2两端与整流桥 B 1的输入端相连， 整流桥 B1的输出端与 LED光模组 D3、 恒 流二极管 D4和二极管 D6相连。 LED光模组 D3、恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6串联 在一起；且恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6还与恒流二极管 D5和二极管 D7的串联电 路并联； 其中 D4和 D6与 D5和 D7的方向相反。恒流二极管 D4和恒流二极管 D5 均与 LED光模组 D封装在一个芯片内。
前述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路中， 恒流二极管 D4和 D5为多颗并联或 串联的恒流二极管组
前述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路中， 所述电源接线端 J1和 J2连接有瞬 态二极管 D8， J1还串联有自恢复保险丝 F1 (防过载， 过压、 过热）。
前述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路中，所述整流桥 B1的输出端还并联有滤 波电容 Cl， LED光模组 D3、 恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6的串联电路中还串联有 电阻 Rl。
前述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路中， 所述恒流二极管 D5和 D4的控制端 还与预备端子 J3相连。
一种提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特点是： 通过恒流二极管控制驱动 LED 的电流， 同时将 LED作为恒流二极管的热源， 通过热源对恒流二极管的环境温度 的影响， 使得 LED和恒流二极管之间形成互相反馈调节的工作模式。
前述的提高 LED发光效率的方法中， 所述的互相反馈调节的工作模式， 是 在 LED工作温度超过控制温度时，恒流二极管的环境温度被加热到禁止温度以上， 使得恒流二极管对 LED输出的额定功率随环境温度的增加而减小，抑制 LED的温 度继续升高， 从而避免 LED 因过热而降低发光效率。 控制温度是希望控制 LED 不能超过的温度，控制温度可以根据 LED芯片组 2的特性设定， 也可以根据具体 需要设定。
前述的提高 LED发光效率的方法中， 所述恒流二极管的热源， 还包括 LED 照明电路中的发热元件，发热元件产生的热量补偿 LED热量传导至恒流二极管的 损耗，使恒流二极管实时准确地达到 LED工作温度。所述发热元件为 LED照明电 路本身的发热元件和 /或特别设计加入电路的其它发热元件。
前述的提高 LED发光效率的方法中， 所述发热元件， 为电阻元件、 陶瓷元 件、 云母元件、 柔性元件或场效应管。
前述的提高 LED发光效率的方法中， 所述禁止温度， 为恒流二极管起正常 恒流特性的环境温度上限， 当恒流二极管的环境温度超过禁止温度时，恒流二极 管对 LED输出的额定功率将随温度升高而下降。
前述的提高 LED发光效率的方法中，将所述的热源与恒流二极管在空间上靠 近， 或将恒流二极管与热源通过导热介质连接。
一种 LED照明电路的集成方法，其特点是：将 LED照明电路中的整流电路、 恒流二极管和 LED发光二极管封装在一起， 形成 LED照明集成芯片。 前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中，所述整流电路包括整流桥或 /和整流二 极管。
前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中， 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 对外引出恒 流二极管的调节端及电源接口。
前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中， 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 对外引出连 线连接电容。
前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中， 所述 LED照明电路， 包括电源， 电源 两端与整流桥 B2的输入端相连， 整流桥 B2的输出端与 LED发光二极管组成的 LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12相连， LED光模组 D9、恒流二 极管 D10和整流二极管 D12串联在一起； 且恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12 还与恒流二极管 D11和整流二极管 D13的串联电路并联； 其中 D10和 D12与 D11 和 D13的方向相反。
前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中， 恒流二极管 D10和 D11为多颗并联或 串联的恒流二极管组。
前述的 LED照明电路的集成方法中，所述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波 电容 C2。
一种 LED照明集成芯片， 其特点是： 它包括 LED照明电路中的整流电路芯 片、恒流二极管芯片和 LED发光二极管芯片， 整流电路芯片、恒流二极管芯片和 LED发光二极管芯片封装在一个 LED支架上。
前述的 LED照明集成芯片中， 所述整流电路包括整流桥或 /和整流二极管； 所述 LED 照明集成芯片， 对外引出恒流二极管的调节端及电源接口； 所述 LED 照明集成芯片， 还设有对外连接电容的引线。
前述的 LED照明集成芯片中， 所述 LED照明电路， 包括电源， 电源两端与 整流桥 B2的输入端相连，整流桥 B2的输出端与 LED发光二极管组成的 LED光模 组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12相连， LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10 和整流二极管 D12串联在一起；且恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12还与恒流二 极管 D11和整流二极管 D13的串联电路并联；其中 D10和 D12与 D11和 D13的方 向相反。恒流二极管 D10和 D11为多颗并联或串联的恒流二极管组。所述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波电容 C2。
与现有技术相比，本发明的方法有效地简化了 LED照明电路结构，本发明使 用 LED光模组集成芯片， LED不会出现温度过高加剧光衰的现象， 避免了 LED过 热光衰的问题，从而进一步降低了能耗。本发明还将直流输出的电流转化为可控 制脉宽的稳定脉冲电流输出， 通过二极管 D1使可控制的 CRD恒流二极管按控制 的脉冲频率间断接通， LED光模组获得控制频率的间断供电， 使其按控制频率间 断闪烁；或利用交流电在一个周期内的上下两个半波分别驱动 LED光模组中的两 个 LED串联组， 使其交替闪烁。在供电量减半的情况下， 利用人眼对高频闪烁不 敏感的特征， 可使额定功率 100W 的 LED照明灯输入功率为 50W时， 而人眼感觉 到的发光亮度效果达到 80W (仪器测试仍为 50W)， 实际节电可达 40%。 而且在提 供同样的照明效果时， 本发明相比传统直流供电的 LED, 由于所需的输入功率更 低， 可使 LED灯芯发热量大幅度降低， LED不会出现温度过高加剧光衰的现象。 避免了 LED过热光衰的问题，从而进一步降低了能耗； 且本发明可使通过恒流二 极管使 LED的供电电流非常稳定， 同样也可避免 LED过热，从而提高 LED的发光 效率， 同样也降低了能耗。 由于本发明的照明装置和方法， 使 LED照明灯具制作 变得非常简单和价格低廉， 有利于提高 LED照明的推广应用速度。
交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 有效地简化了 LED照明电路结构， 不仅可以 采用交流电源供电， 又可采用直流电源供电； 且本实用新型可使通过恒流二极管 使 LED的供电电流非常稳定，同样也可避免 LED过热，从而提高 LED的发光效率， 也降低了能耗。由于本实用新型的照明电路结构使 LED照明灯具制作变得非常简 单和价格低廉，有利于提高 LED照明的推广应用速度。避免了因上游 LED芯片变 化引起的供电电源部分的改变；避免了下游因不同的灯具引发的对电源外观的要 求； 而且结构简单， 成本低， 上下游对电源的变更需求仅需要通过调整恒流二极 管的规格和数量即可满足， 让普通照明灯具的制造更具可持续性和规模化，为下 一步 LED规模化提供了基础。
本发明提高 LED发光效率的方法通过恒流二极管控制驱动 LED的电流， 同 时将 LED 作为恒流二极管的热源， 形成了互相反馈调节的工作模式。 一旦 LED 的温度超过控制温度， LED的热量和为加热恒流二极管而设计的发热元件及电路 本身发热元件发热之和将使恒流二极管到达禁止温度，使恒流二极管迅速降低对 外输出功率， 从而 LED功率下降， 温度降低， 温度下降到一定程度后， 恒流二级 管对 LED的输出功率提高， 保证 LED的亮度， 如此反复调节， 使得 LED始终工作 在相对较低温度下， 且亮度又不至于过低， 可抑制光衰的产生， 提高 LED的发光 效率， 保证 LED的正常使用寿命。
本发明将 LED照明电路的集成方法中， LED照明电路中的整流桥、整流二极 管、恒流二极管和 LED发光二极管封装在一起， 形成 LED照明集成芯片。灯具生 产只需将 LED照明集成芯片焊接安装在灯壳上， 即得到 LED灯具成品。这样会大 幅度地减少生产环节、 生产成本、 有利于 LED 节能照明产品的产业化。 以生产 10W球泡灯为例， 本发明的方法可以将参与 LED照明工作的所有关键元件（整流 元件、 恒流元件、 LED 发光元件） 集成封装到小于 e i3Xlmm (直径 X厚度）内的 微小体积中，灯具生产厂家只需将小体积的 LED照明集成芯片贴装到灯具上， 再 焊接上电源连线即可成为 LED成品灯具。相比于采用独立元器件生产 LED灯具的 方法， 灯具生产需购进电源， 仅电源体积就将大于 C 25X25 (直径 X厚度）， 然 后购进 LED芯片及其它部件， 封装到 PCB板上， 由于其它部件是单独封装的， 所 占的体积必然较大， PCB 板的体积将大于 (？50Χΐ™ (直径 X厚度）， 再将电源和 PCB板焊接、 安装到灯壳上， 整个生产过程程序冗长， 管理控制环节多， 生产成 本高居不下。特别是 LED芯片的任何变化将导致电源规格发生变化， 同时不同的 灯具也给电源提出严格尺寸要求， 综合导致电源批量小、 价格趋高。 另一方面， 电源嵌装在球泡灯狭小的空间内也不利于电源散热，加上 LED的发热， 综合加剧 了电源元件和 LED芯片的老化， 使 LED照明灯寿命大大缩减。
附图说明
图 1为实施例 1太阳能供电模式下的 LED照明装置电路；
图 2为实施例 1太阳能供电模式下增加脉冲的 LED照明装置电路； 图 3为实施例 1直流供电模式下的 LED照明装置电路；
图 4为实施例 1直流供电模式下增加脉冲的 LED照明装置电路； 图 5为实施例 1直流供电模式下的的 LED光模组集成电路结构； 图 6为实施例 1直流供电模式下的的 LED光模组排列结构；
图 7是实施例 1交流供电模式的 LED照明装置电路图；
图 8是实施例 1交流供电模式的 LED光模组集成电路结构；
图 9是实施例 1交流供电模式下的 LED光模组排列结构；
图 10是实施例 2的结构示意图；
图 11是提高 LED发光效率的原理示意图；
图 12是实施例 2的球泡灯 PCB电路板；
图 13是恒流二极管输出功率与温度的曲线；
图 14是本发明的原理示意图；
图 15是本发明实施例的直流模式下的 LED光模组电路连接图；
图 16是本发明实施例的交流模式下的 LED光模组电路连接图。
附图 12中的标记： 1-恒流二极管， 2-LED芯片组。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明， 但并不作为对本发明限 制的依据。
实施例
实施例 1。 一种 LED照明方法 （直流供电模式）， 供电电源通过恒流二极管 CRD的恒定电流作用后驱动 LED发光照明， 恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装集 成在一个芯片内， 形成 LED光模组集成芯片， 恒流二极管 CRD具负功率特性， 使 LED光模组集成芯片具有负功率物理特性，当整个 LED集成芯片工作温度过高时， 恒流二极管 CRD会自动减少电路功率输入， 使 LED光模组集成芯片温度降低，从 而保护 LED光模组集成芯片，避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题。利用脉冲源输出可 控制脉冲，通过二极管整流后，使带控制端的恒流二极管 CRD按控制的脉冲频率 间断接通， 从而电源给 LED光模组间断供电， LED光模组按控制频率间断闪烁， 利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏感的特征，在供电量减半的情况下，接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目标，使得输入的功率降低，可进一步避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题。 供电电源为太阳能电池充电的超级电容 C 或为由交流市电经桥式整流电路转化 为直流输出的电源。
实现上述方法的一种 LED照明装置， 包括串联的 LED光模组和恒流二极管 CRD， LED光模组由一路多个串接的 LED组成； LED光模组、恒流二极管 CRD和一 个直流供电电源组成闭合回路； LED光模组中 LED在芯片封装时排列为多行多列 的阵列（如图 6所示）；恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装集成在一个芯片内（如 图 5所示的虚线框）。所述恒流二极管 CRD的控制端依次连接有二极管 D1和 P丽 脉冲源。 供电电源可为超级电容 C， 超级电容 C并联太阳能电池板 U两侧， 且太 阳能电池板 U上还串有整流二极管 D2 (如图 1和 2所示）。 供电电源还可以为两 端接有桥式整流电路 (虚线框部分）的交流市电 AC (如图 3和图 4所示）。
具体可以如下方式实施： 电源采用太阳能供电， 即： 一个太阳能电池板 U、 一个超级电容 C、 一个整流二极管 D2、 一个控制开关 K、 1个可调脉宽的 PWM脉 冲源、 1颗整流二极管 Dl、 1颗恒流二极管 2DHL300、采用 2块 LED光模组串联， 每块采用 7颗 3. 2V， 1W的 LED管芯， 按 1行 7列排列封装而成， LED光模组功 率为 2 X 7W, 参见图 1 ; 白天太阳能电池组向超级电容 C充电； 需要亮灯时， 合 上控制开关 K， 超级电容 C放电， 脉冲源输出脉冲 200Hz/S， 通过二极管 D 1使可 控制的 CRD恒流二极管 2DHL300按 200Hz/S频率间断接通， LED光模组获得频率 200Hz/S的间断供电。 仪器测试输入功率为 7W， 亮度也为 7 X 80LM/W。 由于光模 组间隔交替点亮余晖的作用以及按频率 200Hz/S的间断供电，人眼看到的是连续 的灯光而看不到间断的闪耀， 人眼视觉效果要远远的大于 7W， 接近 11W的照明 效果， 从而也能实现在 LED高效照明基础上的进一步节能约 40%。
一种交流供电模式的 LED照明方法， 利用恒流二极管 CRD并联组使供电电 流保持恒定和整流特性， 使交流电在一个周期内的上下两个半波分别驱动 LED 光模组中的两个串联组，使两个串联组交替闪烁，利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏感的 特征， 在供电量减半的情况下， 接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目的。 恒流二极 管 CRD并联组和 LED光模组封装集成在一个芯片内， 形成 LED光模组集成芯片， 并引出恒流二极管 CRD控制端，根据工作时间和日照亮度对 LED照明方式进行控 制， 比如 LED根据日照自动点亮或午夜后 LED照度降低。恒流二极管 CRD具负功 率特性，使 LED光模组集成芯片具有负功率物理特性， 当整个 LED集成芯片工作 温度过高时，恒流二极管 CRD会自动减少电路功率输入，使 LED光模组集成芯片 温度降低，从而保护 LED,避免 LED因过热光衰的问题。所述电源可为工频 50Hz/S 或 60Hz/S的市电， 或是由变频器提供的高于市电频率的交流电源。
实现上述方法的一种交流供电模式的 LED照明装置， 如图 7所示： 包含一 个正接和一个反接的恒流二极管 CRD并联组和与恒流二极管 CRD并联组串联的 LED光模组； 恒流二极管 CRD并联组、 LED光模组和一个交流电源组成的闭合回 路； LED光模组与恒流二极管 CRD并联组串联后被封装在一个集成芯片内 （如图 8)， 交流电源与集成芯片串接成闭合回路。 所述 LED光模组中 LED 的排列为 1 行正向、 1行反向间隔排列的方式 （如图 9所示的 M行， N列的 LED光模组）。
具体可如下方式实施： 交流电源直接采用市电， 即： AC220V 50Hz/S, 恒流 二极管采用 2颗 2DHL300正反并联， 采用 2块 LED光模组串联， 每块采用 72颗 3. 2V, 1W的 LED管芯， 按 8行 9列排列封装而成， LED光模组功率为 2 X 72W; 在交流电上半周， 2块 LED光模组中的恒流二极管正向导通， 1、 3、 5、 7行点 亮； 在交流电下半周， 2 块 LED 光模组中的恒流二极管负向导通， 2、 4、 6、 8 行点亮。仪器测试输入功率为 72W，亮度也为 72 X 80LM/W。但灯光是给人眼看的， 由于光模组间隔交替点亮余晖的作用以及交流 50Hz/S (更高的频率效果会更好) 的频率， 人眼看到的是连续的灯光而看不到间断的闪耀， 人眼视觉效果要远远的 大于 72W产生的效果， 接近 110W的照明效果， 从而实现了在 LED高效照明基础 上的进一步节能约 40%。
结合上述两种方法的一种交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 结构如图 10所示， 包括电源接线端 J1和 J2， J1和 J2与整流桥 B1的输入端相连， 整流桥 B1的输 出端与 LED光模组 D3、 恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6相连。 LED光模组 D3、 恒流 二极管 D4和二极管 D6串联在一起；且恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6还与恒流二极 管 D5和二极管 D7的串联电路并联； 其中 D4和 D6与 D5和 D7的方向相反。 恒 流二极管 D4和 D5为多颗并联或串联的恒流二极管组。所述电源接线端 J1和 J2 连接有瞬态二极管 D8， J1还串联有自恢复保险丝 Fl。 所述整流桥 B1的输出端 还并联有滤波电容 Cl， LED光模组 D3、 恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6的串联电路 中还串联有电阻 Rl。 所述恒流二极管 D5和 D4的控制端还与预备端子 J3相连。 J3可连接 PWM脉冲源， 可实现对 LED光模组提供脉冲输出。
工作原理： 当该电路用于交流方案时， J1和 J2接入交流电源， 整流桥 B1 和滤波电容 C1不焊接入电路； 整流桥 1-2、 3-4短接, LED光模组 D3由一路多个 正向串接的 LED组和一路多个反向串接的 LED组并联组成； 当该电路用于直流工作方案时， J1和 J2接入交流电源， 恒流二级管 D5、 二极管 D7不焊接入电路 （此状态 D5、 D7没有功能， 省略是减少开支）。 LED光 模组 D3为多个同向串接的 LED组。
实施例 2。 一种提高 LED发光效率的方法，。 通过恒流二极管控制驱动 LED 的电流， 同时将 LED作为恒流二极管的热源， 在 LED工作温度超过控制温度时， 恒流二极管的环境温度被加热到禁止温度以上，使得恒流二极管对 LED输出的额 定功率随环境温度的增加而减小， 抑制了 LED 的温度继续升高， 从而避免 LED 因过热而降低发光效率， LED和恒流二极管之间形成互相反馈调节的工作模式。
所述禁止温度为恒流二极管起正常恒流特性的环境温度上限， 当环境温度 超过禁止温度时，恒流二极管的额定功率将随温度升高而下降。一般禁止温度在 60°C左右。
所述将 LED作为恒流二极管的热源的方法为将恒流二极管与工作时的 LED 放置在一起， 或将恒流二极管与工作时的 LED通过导热介质连接。 还可配合 LED 照明电路中的其他发热元件产生的热量为恒流二极管提供一个基础温度，可补偿 LED热量传导至恒流二极管的损耗，使恒流二极管实时准确地达到 LED工作温度。 还可以通过调节基础温度的方式改变控制温度，控制温度是希望控制 LED不能超 过的温度， 比如 50°C， 达到此温度， LED的热量和为加热恒流二极管而设计的发 热元件发热之和将使恒流二极管到达禁止温度 60°C。假设增加发热元件的供热， 提高了基础环境温度， 此时 LED在不到或接近 50°C的情况下即可将恒流二级管 加热到 60°C的禁止温度， 即 LED的控制温度下降了。
图 12是实施例的 PCB球泡灯电路板， 为 PCB铝基板（铝基板作为有效的导 热介质）， 其工作原理 （如图 11所示）： 恒流二极管 1给 LED芯片组 2供电， 提 供稳定的电流输出，当 LED芯片组 2工作较长时间时温度升高，达到控制温度时， 靠近 LED芯片组 2的恒流二极管 1环境温度达到禁止温度（60°C )左右， 控制温 度可以根据 LED芯片组 2的特性设定，也可以根据具体需要设定，如图 13所示， 此时温度再升高时， 恒流二极管 1输出的额定功率随温度升高而下降， 从而 LED 芯片组 2对外输出功率下降， 工作温度逐步降低，恒流二极管 1的对外输出的额 定功率回升，待 LED芯片组 2工作温度再次升高到 60°C左右时，重复上述步骤。 使得 LED芯片组 2始终工作在相对较低温度下，且亮度又不至于过低， 可抑制光 衰的产生， 提高 LED的发光效率， 保证 LED的正常使用寿命。
实施例 3。一种 LED照明电路的集成方法， 该方法是， 将 LED照明电路中的 整流电路（包括整流桥或 /和整流二极管）、恒流二极管和 LED发光二极管封装在 一起， 形成 LED照明集成芯片 （电路结构如图 1所示）。 LED照明集成芯片还可 直接由现有的整流电路芯片 （裸片）、 恒流二极管芯片 （裸片） 和 LED发光二极 管芯片 （裸片）封装在一个 LED支架上形成， 上述元件共用一个封装。 所述 LED 照明集成芯片，对外引出恒流二极管的调节端及电源接口。所述 LED照明集成芯 片， 还对外引出连线连接电容 （通常情况下， 电容可不焊入电路）。 所述 LED照 明电路， 包括电源， 电源两端与整流桥 B2的输入端相连， 整流桥 B2的输出端与 LED发光二极管组成的 LED光模组 D9、 恒流二极管 D10和二极管 D12相连， LED 光模组 D9、 恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12串联在一起； 且恒流二极管 D10 和整流二极管 D12还与恒流二极管 D1 1和整流二极管 D13的串联电路并联；其中 D10和 D12与 D11和 D13的方向相反。恒流二极管 D10和 D1 1为多颗并联或串联 的恒流二极管组。 所述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波电容 C2。
一种 LED照明集成芯片， 如图 14所示， 它包括 LED照明电路中的整流电路 芯片、恒流二极管芯片和 LED发光二极管芯片， 整流电路芯片、恒流二极管芯片 和 LED发光二极管芯片封装在一个 LED支架上。 所述整流电路包括整流桥或 /和 整流二极管；所述 LED照明集成芯片，对外引出恒流二极管的调节端及电源接口； 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 还设有对外连接电容的引线。所述 LED照明电路， 包括 电源， 电源两端与整流桥 B2的输入端相连，整流桥 B2的输出端与 LED发光二极 管组成的 LED光模组 D9、 恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12相连， LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12串联在一起； 且恒流二极管 D10和整流二 极管 D12还与恒流二极管 D11和整流二极管 D 13的串联电路并联； 其中 D10和 D12与 D11和 D13的方向相反。恒流二极管 D10和 D11为多颗并联或串联的恒流 二极管组。 所述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波电容 C2。
在直流供电模式下取消图 14中的元件 Dl l、 D12、 D13， D9则采用图 15的 结构形式， 即由多路多个同向串接的 LED组成， 以 M行 N列排列； 在交流供电模 式下取消图 14中的桥式整流 B2， 同时电路中 1和 2， 3和 4点直接连通， D9采 用图 16所示的结构形式， 即由多路多个正向串接的 LED组和多路多个反向串接 的 LED组并联组成， 以 M行 N列排列。集成芯片对外引出调节端 1个接点及电源 接口 2个接点， 以及电容连接端 2个接点（多数情况下， 电容连接端可不引出）。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种 LED照明方法， 其特征在于： 供电电源通过恒流二极管 CRD的恒定 电流作用后驱动 LED发光照明，恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装集成在一个芯 片内， 形成 LED光模组集成芯片， 恒流二极管 CRD具负功率特性， 使 LED光模组 集成芯片具有负功率物理特性， 当整个 LED集成芯片工作温度过高时，恒流二极 管 CRD会自动减少电路功率输入， 使 LED光模组集成芯片温度降低， 从而保护 LED光模组集成芯片， 避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED照明方法， 其特征在于： 利用脉冲源输出可 控制脉冲，通过二极管整流后，使带控制端的恒流二极管 CRD按控制的脉冲频率 间断接通， 从而电源给 LED光模组间断供电， LED光模组按控制频率间断闪烁， 利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏感的特征，在供电量减半的情况下，接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目标，使得输入的功率降低，可进一步避免 LED因过热而光衰的问题； 或是利用一个正接和一个反接的恒流二极管 CRD组成的恒流二极管 CRD并联组使 供电电流保持恒定和整流特性，使交流电在一个周期内的上下两个半波分别驱动 LED光模组中的两个串联组， 使两个串联组交替闪烁， 利用人眼对高频闪烁不敏 感的特征， 在供电量减半的情况下， 接近正常照明效果， 实现节能的目的。
3、 一种 LED照明装置， 其特征在于： 包括串联的 LED光模组和恒流二极管 CRD， LED光模组由一路多个串接的 LED组成； LED光模组中 LED在芯片封装时排 列为多行多列的阵列； 恒流二极管 CRD和 LED光模组封装集成在一个芯片内。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的 LED照明装置，其特征在于：所述恒流二极管 CRD 的控制端依次连接有二极管 D1和 PWM脉冲源。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED照明装置， 其特征在于： 供电电源为超 级电容 C， 超级电容 C并联太阳能电池板两侧， 且太阳能电池板上还串有整流二 极管 D2。
6、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED照明装置， 其特征在于： 所述 LED照明 装置的供电电源为两端接有桥式整流电路的交流市电。
7、 一种交流供电模式的 LED照明装置， 其特征在于： 包含一个正接和一个 反接的恒流二极管 CRD并联组和与恒流二极管 CRD并联组串联的 LED光模组; LED 光模组由一路多个正向串接的 LED组和一路多个反向串接的 LED组并联组成；所 述恒流二极管 CRD并联组和 LED光模组设在同一块芯片中。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的交流供电模式的 LED照明装置， 其特征在于： 所 述 LED光模组中 LED在芯片封装时排列为 1行正向、 1行反向间隔排列方式。
9、 一种交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 包括电源接线端 J1和 J2， J1和 J2两端与整流桥 B1的输入端相连， 整流桥 B1的输出端与 LED光模组 D5、 恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6相连。 LED光模组 D5、 恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6串联在一起； 且恒流二极管 D4和二极管 D6还与恒流二极管 D5和二极管 D7 的串联电路并联； 其中 D4和 D6与 D5和 D7的方向相反。。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 所述 恒流二极管 D4和恒流二极管 D5均与 LED光模组 D封装在一个芯片内；恒流二极 管 D4和 D5为多颗并联或串联的恒流二极管组。
11、根据权利要求 9所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 所述 电源接线端 J1和 J2连接有瞬态二极管 D8， J1还串联有自恢复保险丝 Fl。
12、根据权利要求 9所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 所述 整流桥 B1的输出端还并联有滤波电容 Cl， LED光模组 D5、 恒流二极管 D4和二 极管 D6的串联电路中还串联有电阻 Rl。
13、根据权利要求 9至 12任一权利要求所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 所述恒流二极管 D5和 D4的控制端还与预备端子 J3相连。
14、一种提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 通过恒流二极管控制驱动 LED的电流， 同时将 LED作为恒流二极管的热源， 通过热源对恒流二极管的环境 温度的影响， 使得 LED和恒流二极管之间形成互相反馈调节的工作模式。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的互相反馈调节的工作模式， 是在 LED工作温度超过控制温度时，恒流二极管的 环境温度被加热到禁止温度以上，使得恒流二极管对 LED输出的额定功率随环境 温度的增加而减小，抑制 LED的温度继续升高，从而避免 LED因过热而降低发光 效率。
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 恒流二极管的热源，还包括 LED照明电路中的发热元件，发热元件产生的热量补 偿 LED热量传导至恒流二极管的损耗或提高恒流二极管的环境温度，在 LED工作 温度达到控制温度时， 使恒流二极管能实时准确地到达禁止温度。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 发热元件， 为电阻元件、 陶瓷元件、 云母元件、 柔性元件或场效应管。
18、 根据权利要求 15所述的提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 禁止温度，为恒流二极管起正常恒流特性的环境温度上限， 当恒流二极管的环境 温度超过禁止温度时， 恒流二极管对 LED输出的额定功率将随温度升高而下降。
19、 根据权利要求 14至 18任一权利要求所述的提高 LED发光效率的方法， 其特征在于： 将所述的热源与恒流二极管在空间上靠近， 或将恒流二极管与热源 通过导热介质连接。
20、一种 LED照明电路的集成方法， 其特征在于： 将 LED照明电路中的整流 电路、 恒流二极管和 LED发光二极管封装在一起， 形成 LED照明集成芯片。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的 LED照明电路的集成方法， 其特征在于： 所述 整流电路包括整流桥或 /和整流二极管。
22、 根据权利要求 20所述的 LED照明电路的集成方法， 其特征在于： 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 对外引出恒流二极管的调节端及电源接口。
23、 根据权利要求 20所述的 LED照明电路的集成方法， 其特征在于： 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 对外引出连线连接电容。
24、 根据权利要求 20、 21、 22或 13所述的 LED照明电路的集成方法， 其特 征在于： 所述 LED照明电路， 包括电源， 电源两端与整流桥 B2的输入端相连， 整流桥 B2的输出端与 LED发光二极管组成的 LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和 整流二极管 D12相连， LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12串联在 一起； 且恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12还与恒流二极管 D11和整流二极管 D13的串联电路并联； 其中 D10和 D12与 D11和 D13的方向相反。
25、 根据权利要求 24所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 恒 流二极管 D10和 D1 1为多颗并联或串联的恒流二极管组。
26、 根据权利要求 24所述的交直流两用的 LED照明电路， 其特征在于： 所 述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波电容 C2。
27、一种 LED照明集成芯片， 其特征在于： 它包括 LED照明电路中的整流电 路芯片、恒流二极管芯片和 LED发光二极管芯片， 整流电路芯片、恒流二极管芯 片和 LED发光二极管芯片封装在一个 LED支架上。
28、 根据权利要求 27所述的 LED照明集成芯片， 其特征在于： 所述整流电 路包括整流桥或 /和整流二极管； 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 对外引出恒流二极管 的调节端及电源接口； 所述 LED照明集成芯片， 还设有对外连接电容的引线。
29、 根据权利要求 27或 28所述的 LED照明集成芯片， 其特征在于： 所述 LED照明电路， 包括电源， 电源两端与整流桥 B2的输入端相连， 整流桥 B2的输 出端与 LED发光二极管组成的 LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12 相连， LED光模组 D9、恒流二极管 D10和整流二极管 D12串联在一起； 且恒流二 极管 D10和整流二极管 D12还与恒流二极管 D11和整流二极管 D13的串联电路并 联； 其中 D10和 D12与 D11和 D13的方向相反。恒流二极管 D10和 D11为多颗并 联或串联的恒流二极管组。 所述整流桥 B2的输出端还并联有滤波电容 C2。
PCT/CN2011/079121 2010-09-03 2011-08-30 Led照明方法及装置 WO2012028088A1 (zh)

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