WO2012007172A1 - Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part - Google Patents
Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012007172A1 WO2012007172A1 PCT/EP2011/003538 EP2011003538W WO2012007172A1 WO 2012007172 A1 WO2012007172 A1 WO 2012007172A1 EP 2011003538 W EP2011003538 W EP 2011003538W WO 2012007172 A1 WO2012007172 A1 WO 2012007172A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- pole part
- breaker pole
- part according
- interrupter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
- H01H1/5822—Flexible connections between movable contact and terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
- H01H2009/0285—Casings overmoulded over assembled switch or relay
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
- H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a circuit-breaker pole part comprising an external insulating sleeve made of a solid synthetic material for supporting and housing a vacuum interrupter insert for electrical switching a medium-voltage circuit. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the circuit-breaker pole part produced by such a method.
- a circuit-breaker pole part is usually integrated in a medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit breaker.
- medium-voltage circuit-breakers are rated between 1 and 72 kV of a high current level. These breakers interrupt the current by generating and extinguishing the arc in a vacuum chamber.
- Modern vacuum circuit-breakers tend to have a longer life time than former air or oil circuit-breakers.
- vacuum circuit- breakers replaced air or oil circuit-breakers.
- the present invention is not only applicable to vacuum circuit-breakers, but also for air or oil circuit-breakers or modern SF6 circuit-breakers having a chamber filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas instead of vacuum.
- a magnetic actuator with high force density which moves the electrical contacts of an interrupter insert for a purpose of electrical power interruption. Therefore, a mechanical connection between a movable armature of the magnetic actuator and the moveable contact inside the interrupter insert is provided.
- the document DE 10 2004 060 274 A1 discloses a method for producing a circuit- breaker pole part for a medium voltage or high voltage circuit-breaker.
- a vacuum interrupter is embedded in an insulation material and encapsulated with said material.
- the vacuum interrupter itself substantially comprises an insulator housing which is generally cylindrical and is closed at the ends in order to form an inner vacuum chamber.
- the vacuum chamber contains a fixed electrical contact and a corresponding movable contact for an electrical switch.
- a folding bellows is arranged on the moveable electrical contact and permits a movement of the respective electrical contact over the current feed line within the vacuum chamber.
- a high vacuum is maintained within the vacuum interrupter in order to quench as rapid as possible the arc produced during a switching-on or a switching-off action.
- Such a vacuum interrupter inside the insulating sleeve is generally encapsulated by a synthetic material, mostly plastic material, in order to increase the external dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter insert. Furthermore, the synthetic material serves as a compensation material for the purpose of compensating for different coefficient of thermal expansion between the vacuum interrupter surface and the surrounding insulating sleeve. This additional function of the intermediate layer avoids possible initiation of cracks.
- the external insulating sleeve is produced in a plastic injection - moulding process by the vacuum interrupter insert being encapsulated with plastic material.
- the vacuum interrupter insert by moulding under a high process temperature the liquid rubber solution vulcanizes and forms the intermediate compensating layer as described above.
- the last production step of vulcanizing a heated moulded form is necessary.
- the document US 2008/0142485 A1 discloses another method for producing a pole part of a medium-voltage to high-voltage circuit-breaker arrangement.
- the external insulating sleeve is produced in a plastic injection-moulding process wherein the vacuum chamber being encapsulating by an injection moulding stop.
- the insulating sleeve is preferably produced from plastic or a rubber-elastic material. Prior to the plastic embedding of the vacuum-interrupter, it can be encased by an intermediate compensating layer. In order to achieve good adhesion properties, an additional bonding agent is used. During manufacturing the compensating layer is firstly applied to the vacuum interrupter, which is in further step encapsulated by injection moulding with plastic material and then is provided with further layers of plastic material. A respective number of different injection moulding forms are necessary in order to achieve the multi-layer design.
- a method for producing a circuit-breaker pole part comprising an external insulating sleeve made of a solid synthetic material for supporting and housing an inner vacuum interrupter insert for electrical switching a medium-voltage circuit, including the following production steps:
- the special intermediate material layer combines the function of mechanical compensation and the function of an adhesive property in order to guarantee a reliable bonding between the vacuum interrupter insert and the surrounding insulating material of the external insulating sleeve which can consist of different insulating materials, e.g. the epoxy material thermal plastic material; silicon rubber material.
- insulating materials e.g. the epoxy material thermal plastic material; silicon rubber material.
- the special adhesive material layer according to the present invention could be used for a temperature over at least 115° C and could withstand - 40° C. It provides bonding for life over many years and has suitable dielectric insulation properties.
- the solution according to the present invention achieves better mechanical properties and better dielectric properties compared to prior art solutions.
- the adhesive material layer is applied on the interrupter insert by taping or bonding of a solid adhesive material.
- a suitable solid adhesive material is selected from a group, comprising: a double side adhesive tape, a heatable taping bend or the like.
- the adhesive material layer could also be applied on the other surface of the interrupter insert by spraying, coating or dipping in a liquid adhesive material.
- a suitable liquid adhesive material is selected from a group comprising: spray-on glue, liquid glue or the like.
- the thickness of the applied adhesive material layer should be big enough in order to achieve sufficient mechanical stress compensation.
- the foregoing described special material has an optimum thickness in the range of between 0 to 5mm is recommended.
- cold and hop shrinkage tube or Si rubber could be used for embedding vacuum interrupter inserts in epoxy material. These materials provide very good mechanical compensation between the vacuum interrupter insert and in order to improve a material as chosen which provide the same mechanical compensation and has extra adhesive property to get the epoxy material bonded to the vacuum interrupter insert. Especially, acrylate double side adhesive film with a thickness of up to 5mm could be used for the intermediate material layer.
- a suitable compensation material which has the adhesive property according to the present invention is preferably an acrylate double side adhesive film, a hot melts film, acryldispersive adhesive, co-polyamide, polyerfine, polyamid, polyester, hot melts. If necessary, an additional primer film could be chosen for a better bonding effect.
- an additional primer is used to have a better bonding effect.
- an adhesive layer like acrylate double side adhesive films could be used for bonding the silicon rubber or other soft insulating material with the outer surface of the vacuum interrupter insert.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a medium-voltage circuit-breaker operated by a magnetic actuator
- Figure 2 is a schematic axial section of the arrangement of Figure 1.
- the medium-voltage circuit breaker is shown in Figure 1 principally consists of at least a pole part 1 with an upper electrical terminal 2 and a lower electrical terminal 3 for electrical switching a medium voltage circuit. Therefore, the lower electrical terminal 3 is connected to an electrical contact which is moveable between the closed and the opened position via a jackshaft 4. This jackshaft 4 internally couples the mechanical energy of a bistable magnet actuator 5 to the pole part 1.
- the magnetic actuator 5 consists of a bistable magnetic arrangement for switching of a armature 6 to the relative position are effected by magnetic fields generated by an - not shown - electrical magnet and permanent magnet arrangement, which could have single or multiple coils.
- the pole part 1 further comprises an external insulating sleeve 7 as a housing which is made of a solid synthetic material, e. g. epoxy material, thermal plastic materials.
- the insulating sleeve 7 supports and houses a vacuum interrupter insert 8 having two corresponding electrical contacts which are switchable under vacuum atmosphere. Said electrical contacts of the vacuum interrupter 8 are electrically connected to the upper electrical terminal 2 and the lower electrical terminal 3 respectively.
- the pole part 1 of the foregoing described circuit-breaker further comprises a threaded bold 9 on the upper electrical terminal 2 for fastening the interrupter insert 8 on the upper electrical terminal 2.
- the electrical connection is provided.
- the jackshaft 4 is arranged for said operating function.
- the geometrical relation between the insulating sleeve 7 and the inner vacuum interrupter 8 is designed in a way that on the lateral area 11 of the interrupter 8 an adhesive material layer 12 is provided.
- the adhesive material layer 12 is applied on the interrupter insert 8 by taping with a solid adhesive material, e. g. a double side adhesive tape.
- the additional adhesive material layer 12 between the external insulating sleeve 7 and the inner vacuum interrupter insert 8 compensates mechanical stress and serves as a reliable fixation additinally. After applying the adhesive material layer 12 on the outer surface of the interrupter 8 the interrupter 8 will be embedded by moulding with epoxy or thermal plastic material.
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800400225A CN103069528A (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2011-07-15 | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
| RU2013106518/07A RU2574337C2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2011-07-15 | Pole part of automatic circuit breaker and method of its manufacturing |
| US13/741,784 US8785802B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2013-01-15 | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10007321.2 | 2010-07-15 | ||
| EP10007321A EP2407990A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2010-07-15 | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/741,784 Continuation US8785802B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2013-01-15 | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012007172A1 true WO2012007172A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
Family
ID=43217238
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/003538 Ceased WO2012007172A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2011-07-15 | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8785802B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2407990A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103069528A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012007172A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2682973A1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-08 | ABB Technology AG | Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield |
| EP2720244A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | ABB Technology AG | A pole part of a circuit-breaker arrangement with a heat sink element |
| US11951100B2 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2024-04-09 | Belite Bio, Llc | Formulations of RBP4 inhibitors and methods of use |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN2014KN02943A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-05-08 | Hubbell Inc | |
| CN103367023B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-12-02 | 北海银河产业投资股份有限公司 | Full insulation vacuum breaker polar post |
| FR3009643B1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-08-07 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | VACUUM BULB, CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE COMPRISING SUCH A VACUUM BULB AND METHODS OF MAKING SUCH DEVICES |
| JP2016528362A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-09-15 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Method for manufacturing a circuit breaker pole part |
| EP2996131B1 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2020-08-05 | ABB Schweiz AG | Vacuum interrupter pole for high pressure environment application |
| CN104517775A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-15 | 北京双杰电气股份有限公司 | Solid insulation switch |
| CN106611680B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2019-08-23 | 北京瑞恒新源投资有限公司 | Multifunctional capacitor bushing with vacuum interrupter |
| CN105655192A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波耀华电气科技有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of solid-sealed polar pole utilizing insulating sheath to cover vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber |
| EP3276649B1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2021-05-05 | ABB Schweiz AG | Pole part for a low-, medium or high voltage circuit breaker, and method for manufacturing the same |
| PT3297014T (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2021-11-04 | Rail Power Sys Gmbh | High voltage switching apparatus and switching circuit using a high voltage switching apparatus and method for producing a high voltage switching apparatus |
| ES2970822T3 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2024-05-30 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Pole piece for medium voltage switchgear |
| KR102523707B1 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2023-04-19 | 엘에스일렉트릭(주) | Pole part assembly for the circuit breaker |
| US12112906B2 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2024-10-08 | G & W Electric Company | Integrated switchgear assembly |
| WO2020219905A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | G & W Electric Company | Switchgear with manual trip assembly and mechanical interlock |
| PH12021552689A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2022-03-14 | G & W Electric | Switchgear with overmolded dielectric material |
| US12266490B2 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2025-04-01 | G & W Electric Company | Modular recloser |
| DE102019211345A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-04 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Interrupter unit with a vacuum tube and an insulating housing |
| EP3780056B1 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2025-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ventilating insulating member for interrupter units, switching device and switchgear arrangement comprising an interruter unit |
| JP7403664B2 (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2023-12-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | vacuum valve |
| KR102438418B1 (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-09-01 | (주)창성정공 | Jig for external molding of vacuum interrupter and manufacturing method of vacuum interrupter external molding using same |
| US12170465B2 (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2024-12-17 | Black & Decker Inc. | Electronic power module |
| US11862419B2 (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-01-02 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Toroidal encapsulation for high voltage vacuum interrupters |
| EP4439612A1 (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | A pole part |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5698831A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1997-12-16 | Lindsey Manufacturing Company | Integrated electrical system |
| WO2003005389A1 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrodynamic linear drive |
| DE102004060274A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Medium or high voltage vacuum circuit breaker manufacturing method involves firstly dipping of vacuum chamber in mucilage and afterwards inserting into mold and casting compound is then cast under process temperature |
| US20080087647A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-04-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Self-Adhesive Elastomer Layer In Circuit-Breaker Poles Insulated By Solid Material |
| US20080142485A1 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2008-06-19 | Abb Technology Ag | Method for producing breaker pole parts for low-voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage switchgear assemblies, and breaker pole part itself |
| DE102007042041B3 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Switch pole for a power grid |
| WO2010058034A1 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-27 | Areva T & D Sas | Overmoulding made of smc or bmc composite material for vacuum circuit-breaker pole |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1030798A (en) | 1963-11-11 | 1966-05-25 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements relating to vacuum electric switches |
| US3812314A (en) * | 1971-08-23 | 1974-05-21 | Gen Electric | High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein |
| US5912604A (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1999-06-15 | Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. | Molded pole automatic circuit recloser with bistable electromagnetic actuator |
| WO2000041199A1 (en) | 1999-01-06 | 2000-07-13 | Nu-Lec Industries Pty Ltd | Method for assembly of insulated housings for electrical equipment and incorporation of circuit interrupters therein |
| DE19910326C2 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2001-03-15 | E I B S A | Bistable magnetic drive for a switch |
| US6747234B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-06-08 | Maysteel Llc | High voltage interrupter |
| US7473863B2 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2009-01-06 | Cooper Technologies Company | High voltage operating rod sensor and method of making the same |
| US7304262B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-12-04 | Cooper Technologies Company | Vacuum encapsulation having an empty chamber |
| KR100851760B1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-08-11 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Vacuum interrupter |
| EP2312606B1 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2013-02-27 | ABB Technology AG | Circuit-breaker with a common housing |
-
2010
- 2010-07-15 EP EP10007321A patent/EP2407990A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-07-15 WO PCT/EP2011/003538 patent/WO2012007172A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-15 CN CN2011800400225A patent/CN103069528A/en active Pending
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 US US13/741,784 patent/US8785802B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5698831A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1997-12-16 | Lindsey Manufacturing Company | Integrated electrical system |
| WO2003005389A1 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrodynamic linear drive |
| US20080087647A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-04-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Self-Adhesive Elastomer Layer In Circuit-Breaker Poles Insulated By Solid Material |
| DE102004060274A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Medium or high voltage vacuum circuit breaker manufacturing method involves firstly dipping of vacuum chamber in mucilage and afterwards inserting into mold and casting compound is then cast under process temperature |
| US20080142485A1 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2008-06-19 | Abb Technology Ag | Method for producing breaker pole parts for low-voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage switchgear assemblies, and breaker pole part itself |
| DE102007042041B3 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Switch pole for a power grid |
| WO2010058034A1 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-27 | Areva T & D Sas | Overmoulding made of smc or bmc composite material for vacuum circuit-breaker pole |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2682973A1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-08 | ABB Technology AG | Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield |
| WO2014005694A1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-09 | Abb Technology Ag | Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield |
| US9431198B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2016-08-30 | Abb Technology Ag | Circuit-breaker pole part with a heat transfer shield |
| RU2606956C2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2017-01-10 | Абб Текнолоджи Аг | Switch pole element with heat transfer plate |
| EP2720244A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | ABB Technology AG | A pole part of a circuit-breaker arrangement with a heat sink element |
| US11951100B2 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2024-04-09 | Belite Bio, Llc | Formulations of RBP4 inhibitors and methods of use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103069528A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| EP2407990A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
| RU2013106518A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
| US20130126480A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
| US8785802B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
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