WO2011153129A1 - Organic compounds - Google Patents

Organic compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011153129A1
WO2011153129A1 PCT/US2011/038527 US2011038527W WO2011153129A1 WO 2011153129 A1 WO2011153129 A1 WO 2011153129A1 US 2011038527 W US2011038527 W US 2011038527W WO 2011153129 A1 WO2011153129 A1 WO 2011153129A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
methyl
formula
aryl
heteroaryl
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PCT/US2011/038527
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peng Li
Hailin Zheng
Jun Zhao
Lawrence P. Wennogle
Original Assignee
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.
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Priority to US13/701,235 priority Critical patent/US9556185B2/en
Priority to JP2013513265A priority patent/JP5879335B2/en
Priority to EP11790273.4A priority patent/EP2576550B1/en
Publication of WO2011153129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153129A1/en

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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
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    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
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    • A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
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    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optionally substituted 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro- (optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, preferably Compounds of Formula I as described below, processes for their production, their use as
  • novel compounds useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 1 e.g., in the treatment of diseases involving disorders of the dopamine Dl receptor intracellular pathway, such as, among others, Parkinson's disease, depression, narcolepsy, damage to cognitive function, e.g., in schizophrenia, or disorders that may be ameliorated through enhanced progesterone- signaling pathway, e.g., female sexual dysfunction.
  • PDEl phosphodiesterase 1
  • PDEs phosphodiesterases
  • CaM- PDEs Ca 2+ -calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterases
  • the three known CaM-PDE genes, PDE1A, PDEIB, and PDE1C, are all expressed in central nervous system tissue.
  • PDE1A is expressed throughout the brain with higher levels of expression in the CA1 to CA3 layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum and at a low level in the striatum.
  • PDEl A is also expressed in the lung and heart.
  • PDEIB is predominately expressed in the striatum, dentate gyrus, olfactory tract and cerebellum, and its expression correlates with brain regions having high levels of dopaminergic innervation. Although PDEIB is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, it may be detected in the heart. PDE1C is primarily expressed in olfactory epithelium, cerebellar granule cells, and striatum. PDE1C is also expressed in the heart and vascular smooth muscle.
  • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases decrease intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling by hydrolyzing these cyclic nucleotides to their respective inactive 5 '-monophosphates (5 'AMP and 5'GMP).
  • CaM-PDEs play a critical role in mediating signal transduction in brain cells, particularly within an area of the brain known as the basal ganglia or striatum.
  • NMDA-type glutamate receptor activation and/or dopamine D2 receptor activation result in increased intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to activation of effectors such as calmodulin- dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin and to activation of CaM-PDEs, resulting in reduced cAMP and cGMP.
  • CaMKII calmodulin- dependent kinase II
  • calcineurin calmodulin- dependent kinase II
  • CaM-PDEs calmodulin- dependent kinase II
  • Dopamine Dl receptor activation leads to activation of nucleotide cyclases, resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP.
  • PKA protein kinase A
  • PKG protein kinase G
  • DARPP-32 diopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein
  • CREB cAMP responsive element binding protein
  • progesterone receptor phosphorylation of substrate proteins such as progesterone receptor (PR), leading to induction of physiologic responses.
  • PR progesterone receptor
  • CaM-PDEs can therefore affect dopamine-regulated and other intracellular signaling pathways in the basal ganglia (striatum), including but not limited to nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP), DARPP- 32, and endorphin intracellular signaling pathways.
  • nitric oxide e.g., noradrenergic
  • neurotensin e.g., CCK, VIP
  • serotonin e.g., glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor)
  • GABA e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor
  • GABA acetylcholine
  • PDE1 phosphodiesterase 1
  • PDE1 functions in brain tissue as a regulator of locomotor activity and learning and memory.
  • PDE1 is a therapeutic target for regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, preferably in the nervous system, including but not limited to a dopamine Dl receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP) , endorphin intracellular signaling pathway and progesterone signaling pathway.
  • a dopamine Dl receptor e.g., dopamine D2 receptor
  • nitric oxide noradrenergic
  • neurotensin CCK
  • VIP serotonin
  • inhibition of PDEIB should act to potentiate the effect of a dopamine Dl agonist by protecting cGMP and cAMP from degradation, and should similarly inhibit dopamine D2 receptor signaling pathways, by inhibiting PDE1 activity.
  • Chronic elevation in intracellular calcium levels is linked to cell death in numerous disorders, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases and in disorders of the circulatory system leading to stroke and myocardial infarction.
  • PDE1 inhibitors are therefore potentially useful in diseases characterized by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity, such as Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, depression, narcolepsy and cognitive impairment.
  • PDE1 inhibitors are also useful in diseases that may be alleviated by the enhancement of progesterone-signaling such as female sexual dysfunction.
  • the invention provides optionally substituted 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro- (optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, in free or salt form, e.g., optionally substituted:
  • the invention provides a Compound of Formula I:
  • R] is ⁇ or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R 4 is ⁇ or (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R 2 and R 3 are, independently:
  • C 1-6 alkyl e.g., methyl or isopropyl
  • optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy e.g., R 2 and R 3 are both methyl, or R 2 is ⁇ and R 3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl
  • aryl
  • heteroaryl (optionally hetero)arylCi_ 6 alkyl, or
  • R 2 is H and R 3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetra- methylene
  • E is a single bond, (e.g., methylene, -C ⁇ C-), arylene (e.g., phenylene), (e.g., benzylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene); and
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l- yi
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l- yi
  • halo e.g., F, Br, CI
  • Ci alkyl e.g., methyl
  • haloCi 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • Ci 4 alkoxy e.g., methoxy
  • C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl
  • pyrrolidin-l-yl pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl
  • piperidinyl e.g., piperidin-2-yl
  • D, E and F are independently and optionally
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • Ci- 4 alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloCi- 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-1- yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl) optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo and Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl-imidazol- 2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid- 2-yl, 4-fluoropyl
  • a C3_ 7 heterocycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl
  • a Q ⁇ alkyl e.g., l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl
  • X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C
  • R 8 , R9, Rn and R12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), -C ⁇ alkyl- N(R 2 2)(R23) (e.g., aminomethyl, isopropylaminomethyl or isobutylaminomethyl), or -C ⁇ alkyl-heterCa-scycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl)
  • RJO is:
  • haloCi 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • haloC] 4 alkoxy e.g., trifluoromethoxy
  • hetC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • C ⁇ haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
  • pyridyl for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl
  • thiadiazolyl e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-y
  • arylcarbonyl e.g., benzoyl
  • Ci 4 alkylsulfonyl e.g., methylsulfonyl
  • aminosulfonyl e.g., -S(0) 2 -N(R 1 g)(R 1 9), heteroarylcarbonyl,
  • C ⁇ alkylcarbonyl e.g., methylcarbonyl
  • Ci 4 alkoxycarbonyl (e.g., -C(0)OCH 3 )
  • haloCi 4 alkoxycarbony e.g., trifluoromethylcarbonyl
  • -Ci-4alkyl-N(Ri8)(Ri 9 ) (e.g., methylaminomethyl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Q ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci ⁇ alkoxy, C ⁇ haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH;
  • halo e.g., F or CI
  • Q ⁇ alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • Ci ⁇ alkoxy e.g., C ⁇ haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH
  • halo e.g., F or CI
  • Q ⁇ alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-y
  • R] 0 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl oxadiazolyl pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci_ 4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH, e.g.
  • halo e.g., F or CI
  • Ci alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • Ci_ 4haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • -SH e.g.
  • Ci_ 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halo or Ci_ 4 alkyl, for example Rio is 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl, piperidin-2-yl, l-ethylpiperidin-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, l-methylimidazol-2-yl, halopyridyl (for example 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl),
  • Ci lkyl e.g., isopropyl
  • C3_ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • arylC ⁇ alkyl e.g., benzyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, for example, R is 3- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
  • R ] and R] 4> are, independently, H, Ci_ 4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi 4 alkoxy or
  • arylCi 4 alkyl or R] 3 or R 14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R 2 or R 4 ;
  • Ri5 is Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloCi 4 alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), - OH, -OC 14 alkyl (e.g., -OCH 3 ), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R 16 )(Ri 7 );
  • R 1 ⁇ 2 and R 17 are independently H or Ci 4 alkyl;
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
  • halo e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl
  • hydroxy e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or
  • R 2 o is H, C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl;
  • Ci_ 6 alkyl e.g., methyl
  • R22 and R2 3 are independently H or Ci 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl), in free or salt form.
  • the invention provides a Compound of Formula I s:
  • R] is C]_ 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R4 is H or C 1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, isopropyl) and R 2 and R 3 are, independently:
  • C 1-6 alkyl e.g., methyl or isopropyl
  • optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy e.g., R 2 and R 3 are both methyl, or R 2 is H and R 3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl
  • aryl
  • R 2 and R 3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered ring;
  • R 2 is H and R 3 and R 4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge
  • R 2 is H and R 3 and R 4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R 3 and R 4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R 3 and R 4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
  • Ci_ 4 alkylene e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l-ylene
  • -C( 0)-;
  • D is C ⁇ alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn- 1 -ylene) ;
  • heteroarylene e.g., pyridylene
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4- triazol-l-yl
  • pyridyl diazolyl
  • triazolyl for example, pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4- triazol-l-yl
  • halo e.g., F, Br, CI
  • haloC ⁇ alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • Ci 4 alkoxy e.g., methoxy
  • C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-1- yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl); wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • Ci -4 alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloCi- 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • Ci- 4 alkyl e.g., 5-methylpyrid-2-yl
  • F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, pyrazolyl or
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl), optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C .
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • C ⁇ alkoxy C ⁇ alkyl
  • F is 5-methylpyrid-2-yl, 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1- methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
  • Formula 1.28 wherein F is ⁇ ; .30 Formula 1.28, wherein F is haloCi ⁇ alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);
  • F is halo (e.g., F, Br or CI);
  • F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example
  • pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), or thiadiazolyl e.g., 1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol- 1-yl
  • triazolyl e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl
  • tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl e.g., 1,2,4- oxodiazol-3-yl
  • optionally substituted with one or more halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • C ⁇ alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloCi_ 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • C ⁇ alkoxy or C ⁇ alkyl e.g., 5- trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl, 4-methyl-imid
  • F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol- 1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), Ci_ 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), haloCi- 4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), Ci 4 alkoxy ) or
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol- 1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol
  • F is pyridyl (e.g., pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., phenyl, 4- fluorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl);
  • pyridyl e.g., pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl
  • halo e.g., phenyl, 4- fluorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl
  • F is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more:
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • Ci- 4 alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloCi- 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • Q ⁇ alkyl e.g., 5-methylpyrid-2-yl
  • Formula 1.34 or 1.47 wherein F is 4-fluorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl;
  • Formula 1.34 wherein F is C 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), (e.g., trifluoromethyl), Ci 4 alkoxy or Ci 4 alkyl;
  • F is heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), (e.g., trifluoromethyl), C ⁇ alkoxy or C ⁇ alkyl;
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • F is pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-l-yl) optionally substituted with one or more C ⁇ alkyl;
  • F is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), haloC ⁇ alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), d- 4 alkoxy or C ⁇ alkyl;
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • C ⁇ alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloC ⁇ alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • F is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl) optionally substituted with C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl); Formula 1.54 or 1.57, wherein F is l-methylpiperdin-2-yl or 1- ethylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • F is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), halod ⁇ alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), C ⁇ alkoxy or d- 4 alkyl;
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • halod ⁇ alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • R 2 i is Ci_ 6 alkyl (e.g., methyl);
  • haloCi 4 alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • - ⁇ e.g., - OCH 3
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • F is -C(0)-R 15 and R ⁇ is C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC ⁇ alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), -OH, -OC ⁇ alkyl (e.g., - OCH 3 ), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R 16 )(R 17 );
  • R15 is Ci -4 alkyl (e.g., methyl);
  • Formula 1.68 wherein R15 is -OCi 4 alkyl (e.g., methoxy or ethoxy); Formula 1.68, wherein R] 5 is ethoxy;
  • halo e.g., F, CI or Br
  • C ⁇ alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • haloC ⁇ alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • heteroarylalkyl e.g., substituted with haloalkyl
  • X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C
  • R 8 , R9, Rn and R K are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), -Ci4alkyl-N(R 2 2)(R23) (e.g., aminomethyl, isopropylaminomethyl or isobutylaminomethyl), or -Ci_ 4alkyl-heterC 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl), and Rio is:
  • haloC ⁇ alkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • haloC ⁇ alkoxy e.g., trifluoromethoxy
  • hetC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyiTolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • pyiTolidinyl or piperidinyl for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • Ci 4 haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
  • pyridyl for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl
  • thiadiazolyl e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., imida
  • arylcarbonyl e.g., benzoyl
  • Ci 4 alkylsulfonyl e.g., methylsulfonyl
  • aminosulfonyl e.g., -S(0) 2 -N(Ri 8 )( i 9 ),
  • C ⁇ alkylcarbonyl e.g., methylcarbonyl
  • haloCi 4 alkoxycarbony e.g., trifluoromethylcarbonyl
  • -Ci.4alkyl-N(Ris)(Ri 9 ) (e.g., methylaminomethyl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci- 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci- 4 haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH;
  • halo e.g., F or CI
  • Ci- 4 alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • Ci- 4 haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • Rio is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl oxadiazolyl pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci 4 alkoxy, Ci. 4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH, e.g.
  • halo e.g., F or CI
  • Ci alkyl e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl
  • Ci 4haloalkyl e.g., trifluoromethyl
  • -SH e.g.
  • R] 0 is 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl, piperidin-2-yl, l-ethylpiperidin-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, l-methylimidazol-2-yl, halopyridyl (for example 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl),
  • R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R 8 , R9, Rn, and R 12 are H and R 10 is phenyl;
  • R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R 8 , R9, Rn, and Ri 2 are H and R 10 is pyridyl or thiadiazolyl;
  • Formula 1.77 wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R 8 , R9, Rn, and Ri 2 are, independently, H or halogen, and Rio is haloalkyl; Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R 8 , R9, Rn, and Ri 2 are, independently, H, and Rio is alkyl sulfonyl;
  • Ci alkyl e.g., isopropyl
  • C3- 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • arylCi 4 alkyl e.g., benzyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy and C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, for example, R 6 is 3- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl;
  • R 6 is C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., isopropyl);
  • R is C3_ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl);
  • R 6 is heteroaryl (e.g. , pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl);
  • R 6 is arylC ⁇ alkyl (e.g., benzyl);
  • R 6 is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_ 6 alkyl, C ⁇ alkoxy and C3_ 8 cycloalkyl;
  • halo e.g., F, CI
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
  • halo e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl
  • hydroxy e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or
  • R] 8 and R 19 are independently H or (e.g., methyl);
  • R 2 o is H, C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C 3-7 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 o is C 1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl); Formula 1.99, wherein R 2 o is C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 i is C 1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) or - (R]s)( i9) and R ]8 and R1 are independently H or Ci_ 4 alkyl; Formula 1.103, wherein R 2] is Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., methyl);
  • R 2 i is -N(R] 8 )(Ri9) and R] 8 and R ]9 are independently H or Ci_ 4 alkyl;
  • R 22 and R2 are independently H or C 1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl);
  • Formula 1.106 wherein R 22 and R 23 are Q ⁇ alkyl (e.g. , methyl) ; Formula 1.106, wherein R 22 is H and R 23 is C]_ 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl); any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is selected from a group consisting of:
  • the compound of formula I as described above is a compound of Formula II: P
  • R] is H or Ci ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R 4 is H or Ci ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R2 and R 3 are, independently:
  • C 1-6 alkyl e.g., methyl or isopropyl
  • optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy e.g., R 2 and R 3 are both methyl, or R 2 is H and R 3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl
  • R 2 and R 3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered ring;
  • R 2 is H and R and R 4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R 4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
  • Ci_ 4 alkylene e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene
  • E is arylene (e.g., phenylene).
  • F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Ci_ 6 alkyl (e.g., F is 4-methyl
  • X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R ⁇ , R9, Rn and R 12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), and Rio is C 3 _ 7cycloalkyl, hetC 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-
  • halogen e.g., CI or F
  • Rio is C 3 _ 7cycloalkyl, hetC 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e
  • thiadiazolyl e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl
  • triazolyl e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl
  • tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl
  • aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI) or
  • R 10 is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4- fluorophenyl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • Ci alkyl e.g., isopropyl or isobutyl
  • C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • arylC ⁇ alkyl e.g., benzyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy, C 3 _ scycloalkyl, for example, R 6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl;
  • halo e.g., F, CI
  • R 4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylCi 4 alkyl or R] 3 or R 14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R 2 or R 4 ;
  • R 20 is H, Ci 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_ 7 cycloalkyl,
  • the Compound of Formula I as described above is a Compound of Formula III: p
  • R] is H or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R 4 is H or (e.g., methyl, isopropyl) and R 2 and R 3 are,
  • Ci_ 6 alkyl e.g., methyl or isopropyl
  • halo or hydroxy e.g., R 2 and R 3 are both methyl, or R 2 is H and R 3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl
  • R 2 is H and R 3 and R 4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R 3 and R 4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R 3 and R 4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
  • D is Ci ⁇ alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
  • E is arylene (e.g., phenylene).
  • F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_ 7 Cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Chalky 1 (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol
  • R 8 , R9, Rn and R12 are independently ⁇ or halogen (e.g., CI or F), and R 10 is C 3 . 7cycloalkyl, hetC 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-
  • R 6 is:
  • Ci- 4 alkyl e.g., isopropyl
  • C3_ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), hydroxy or Ci- 6 alkyl, for example, R 6 is 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
  • R ]3 and R] 4> are, independently, H or aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi_ 4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylCi 4 alkyl or R] 3 or R] 4 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R 4 ;
  • R20 is H, C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_ 7 cycloalkyl,
  • the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula IV:
  • R] is H or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • Ci- 4 alkylene e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene
  • E is arylene (e.g., phenylene);
  • F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., F is 4-methyl-
  • R 10 is C 3- 7 cycloalkyl, hetC 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl),
  • diazolyl e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl
  • triazolyl e.g., 1,2,4-tri
  • Ci -4 alkyl e.g., isopropyl
  • C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy or C ⁇ alkyl, for example, R 6 is 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
  • R20 is H, C ⁇ alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_ 7 cycloalkyl,
  • the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula V:
  • R] is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula V and is a moiety of Formula A
  • hetC 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • cycloalkyl e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
  • pyridyl for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl
  • thiadiazolyl e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-
  • Ci_ 4alkyl for example R 10 is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1- methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid- 2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6- dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • C3- 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • arylCi 4 alkyl e.g., benzyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl, for example, R 6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4- fluorophenyl, in free or salt form.
  • halo e.g., F, CI
  • R 6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4- fluorophenyl, in free or salt form.
  • the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula VI:
  • Ri is Ci- 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VI and is a moiety of Formula A
  • Rio is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • piperidinyl e.g., piperidin-2-yl
  • pyrrolidinyl e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • pyridyl for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., pyrazol-l-yl
  • C3- 7 cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • aryl e.g., phenyl
  • heteroaryl e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl
  • arylC] 4 alkyl e.g., benzyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci- 6 alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl,
  • halo e.g., F, CI
  • R 6 is cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
  • the invention provides a Compound of Formula VII:
  • R] is Ci- 4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VII and is a moiety of Formula A
  • R 10 is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • piperidinyl e.g., piperidin-2-yl
  • pyrrolidinyl e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl
  • pyridyl for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl
  • diazolyl e.g., pyrazol-l-yl
  • R 6 is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
  • the invention provides a Compound of Formula VIII:
  • Ri is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
  • R 10 is pyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 1- methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
  • R 6 is phenyl or 4-fluorophenyl
  • the invention provides a compound of any of the foregoing formulae, e.g., any of Formula I- VIII or any of formulae 1.1-1.111, wherein R 10 is selected from any of 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl and 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 5- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl.
  • Alkyl as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, preferably having one to six carbon atoms, in some instances one to four carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, and may be optionally mono-, di- or tri- substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy, or carboxy.
  • halogen e.g., chloro or fluoro
  • Cycloalkyl as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated nonaromatic hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, comprising three to nine carbon atoms, in some instances three to seven atoms, at least some of which form a nonaromatic mono- or bicyclic, or bridged cyclic structure, and which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy or carboxy.
  • halogen e.g., chloro or fluoro
  • Heterocycloalkyl is, unless otherwise indicated, saturated or
  • unsaturated nonaromatic hydrocarbon moiety preferably saturated, comprising three to nine carbon atoms, in some instances three to seven atoms, at least some of which form a nonaromatic mono- or bicyclic, or bridged cyclic structure, wherein at least one carbon atom is replaced with N, O or S, which heterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy or carboxy.
  • halogen e.g., chloro or fluoro
  • Aryl as used herein is a mono or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably phenyl.
  • aryl is optionally substituted, e.g., with alkyl (e.g., methyl), halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), hydroxy, carboxy, or an additional aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., biphenyl or pyridylphenyl).
  • Heteroaryl as used herein is an aromatic moiety wherein one or more of the atoms making up the aromatic ring is sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen rather than carbon, e.g., pyridyl or thiadiazolyl which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy or carboxy.
  • substituted means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
  • substituents defined for the Compounds of the Invention are intended to result in stable compounds.
  • Compounds of the Invention may in some cases also exist in prodrug form.
  • a prodmg form is compound which converts in the body to a Compound of the Invention.
  • these substituents may form physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable esters.
  • physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable ester means esters of Compounds of the Invention which are hydrolysable under physiological conditions to yield acids (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have hydroxy substituents) or alcohols (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have carboxy substituents) which are themselves physiologically tolerable at doses to be administered.
  • the Compound of the Invention contains a hydroxy group, for example, Compound-OH
  • the acyl ester prodrug of such compound for example, Compound-0-C(0)-Ci alkyl
  • the Compound of the Invention contains a carboxylic acid, for example, Compound-
  • the invention also provides methods of making the Compounds of the Invention and methods of using the Compounds of the Invention for treatment of diseases and disorders as set forth below (especially treatment of diseases characterized by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity, such as
  • Parkinson's disease Tourette's Syndrome
  • Autism fragile X syndrome
  • ADHD restless leg syndrome
  • depression cognitive impairment of schizophrenia
  • a disease or disorder such as psychosis or glaucoma
  • the invention further provides a
  • composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the compounds of the Invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be made using the methods as described and exemplified herein and by methods similar thereto and by methods known in the chemical art. Such methods include, but not limited to, those described below. If not commercially available, starting materials for these processes may be made by procedures, which are selected from the chemical art using techniques which are similar or analogous to the synthesis of known compounds. Various starting materials and/or Compounds of the Invention may be prepared using methods described in WO 2006/133261; WO 2009/075784; PCT/US2009/06438 (or WO 2010/065148); PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO
  • the Compounds of the Invention include their enantiomers, diastereoisomers and racemates, as well as their polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and complexes.
  • Some individual compounds within the scope of this invention may contain double bonds. Representations of double bonds in this invention are meant to include both the E and the Z isomer of the double bond.
  • some compounds within the scope of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers. This invention includes the use of any of the optically pure stereoisomers as well as any combination of stereoisomers.
  • the Compounds of the Invention encompass their stable and unstable isotopes.
  • Stable isotopes are nonradioactive isotopes which contain one additional neutron compared to the abundant nuclides of the same species (i.e., element). It is expected that the activity of compounds comprising such isotopes would be retained, and such compound would also have utility for measuring pharmacokinetics of the non-isotopic analogs.
  • the hydrogen atom at a certain position on the Compounds of the Invention may be replaced with deuterium (a stable isotope which is non- radioactive). Examples of known stable isotopes include, but not limited to, deuterium, C, N, O.
  • unstable isotopes which are radioactive isotopes which contain additional neutrons compared to the abundant nuclides of the same species (i.e., element), e.g., 123 I, 1 1 I, 125 I, 11 C,
  • 18 F may replace the corresponding abundant species, e.g., I, C and F respectively.
  • Another example of useful isotope of the compound of the invention is the n C isotope.
  • These radio isotopes are useful for radio-imaging and/or pharmacokinetic studies of the compounds of the invention. Methods of making isotopes of PDE1 inhibitors disclosed in WO 2011/043816, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety, may be used for making the isotopes of the compounds of the current invention.
  • BOP (Benzotriazole-l-yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
  • Bu OH ierf-butyl alcohol
  • DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • LiHMDS lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • NBS N-bromosuccinimide
  • NCS N-chlorosuccinimide
  • NaHCC>3 sodium bicarbonate
  • POCI 3 phosphorous oxychloride
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • TFMSA trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
  • THF tetrahedrofuran
  • intermediate compounds of formula lib can be synthesized by reacting a compound of formula Ila with a dicarboxylic acid, acetic anhydride and acetic acid mixing with heat, e.g., to about 90°C for about 3 hours and then cooled:
  • Intermediate lie can be prepared by for example reacting intermediate lib with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCI 3 , sometimes with small amounts of water and heat, e.g., heating to about 80°C for about 4 hours and then cooled:
  • a chlorinating compound such as POCI 3
  • Intermediate lid may be formed by reacting intermediate lie with for example a P ] -L in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K 2 CO 3 , sodium
  • P 1 is a protective group [e.g., /?-methoxybenzyl group (PMB) or
  • L is a leaving group such as a halogen, mesylate, or tosylate.
  • P 1 is PMB and the base is potassium carbonate.
  • Intermediate He may be prepared by reacting intermediate lid with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate in a solvent such as methanol and with heating, e.g. refluxed for about 4 hours and then cooled:
  • Intermediate IVa may be formed by for example reacting intermediate He with POCl 3 and DMF:
  • Intermediate IVb may be formed by reacting intermediate IVa with for example a R5-X in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K2CO3, sodium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, triethylamine or the like at room temperature or with heating (Reaction 1):
  • Intermediate IVc may be synthesized from intermediate IVb by removing the protective group P 1 with an appropriate method. For example, if P 1 is a PMB group, then it can be removed with CAN or TFA/TFMSA at room temperature (Reaction 2):
  • the compound may be deprotected by using acid such as hydrochloric acid or TFA.
  • Intermediate IVd can be prepared by reacting intermediate IVc with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCI 3 and optionally with heating, e.g. reflux for about 2 days, or heated at 150 ⁇ 200°C for about 5-10 min in a sealed vial with a microwave instrument and then cooled (Reaction 3):
  • a chlorinating compound such as POCI 3
  • Intermediate IVe can be formed by reacting a intermediate IVd with an amino alcohol under basic condition in a solvent such as DMF and heated overnight then cooled (Reaction 4A):
  • intermediate IVe can be synthesized directly from intermediate IVe by reacting with an amino alcohol and a coupling such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU (Reaction 4B):
  • Intermediate IVf may be formed by reacting a compound of IVe with for example a dehydrating/halogenating agent such as SOCI2 in a solvent such as CH2CI2 at room temperature overnight or heated at 35 °C for several hours, and then cooled (Reaction 5):
  • a dehydrating/halogenating agent such as SOCI2
  • a solvent such as CH2CI2
  • Intermediate IVg wherein X is halogen may be formed by reacting intermediate IVf with for example a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I 2 and a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as
  • the Compounds of the Invention may be formed by reacting
  • a reducing agent e.g., DIBAL-H or LAH, preferably DIBAL-H.
  • a base e.g., pyridine
  • the invention provides methods of making the Compounds of the Invention, for example, comprising reacting intermediate (I)-A with for example R5-X in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K2CO3, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or the like:
  • Reactions 1-6 referenced above are useful for preparing intermediates useful for the preparation of compounds of similar core structures, e.g., such as compounds described in WO 2006/133261, WO 2009/075784, PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO 2010/065151) and PCT/US2009/006439 (or WO 2010/065149), the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Therefore, the invention claims all intermediates disclosed herein, particularly compounds or intermediates of formulae (IVa), (IVB), (IVc), (IVd), (IVe), (IVf) and (IVg).
  • Intermediate (IVc) as defined in WO 2006/133261 may be reacted with an amino alcohol and a coupling reagent such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU as described in Reaction 4B to form intermediate of formula (IVe) as defined in WO 2006/133261.
  • Compound la as defined in WO 2006/133261 may be reacted with a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I 2 and a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours as described in Reaction 6.
  • R 6 is as defined in WO 2006/133261 optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd 2 (pda) 3 and a ligand such as xantphos and a base such as potassium carbonate to yield the compound as defined in WO 2006/133261.
  • a catalyst such as Pd 2 (pda) 3 and a ligand such as xantphos and a base such as potassium carbonate to yield the compound as defined in WO 2006/133261.
  • Reactions 1-6 may be performed in different order, e.g., wherein Reaction 6 is performed on intermediate (IVb), e.g., reacting intermediate (IVb) with a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I 2 and optionally with a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours.
  • a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I 2
  • a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours.
  • the resulting product may then be reacted with R 6 -NH 2 wherein R6 is as defined in WO 2006/133261 optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd 2 (pda) 3 and a ligand such as xantphos and a base such as potassium carbonate to yield the compound as defined in WO 2006/133261.
  • the resulting product is then deprotected as described in Reaction 2 above.
  • the deprotected product is reacted with an amino alcohol and a coupling reagent such as BOP in the presence of a base such as described in Reaction 4B followed by the reaction as described in Reaction 5.
  • the Compounds of the Invention are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by disruption of or damage to cAMP and cGMP mediated pathways, e.g., as a result of increased expression of PDEl or decreased expression of cAMP and cGMP due to inhibition or reduced levels of inducers of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, such as dopamine and nitric oxide (NO).
  • inducers of cyclic nucleotide synthesis such as dopamine and nitric oxide (NO).
  • the invention provides methods of treatment of any one or more of the following conditions:
  • Neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, restless leg tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders;
  • Circulatory and cardiovascular disorders including cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, and sexual dysfunction;
  • Respiratory and inflammatory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; Any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1; and/or
  • Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof.
  • the invention provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis for narcolepsy.
  • PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for coadministration with other active agents.
  • the invention further comprises a method of treating narcolepsy comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of
  • a PDE 1 Inhibitor e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, and
  • a compound to promote wakefulness or regulate sleep e.g., selected from (a) central nervous system stimulants-amphetamines and amphetamine like compounds, e.g., methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline; (b) modafinil, (c) antidepressants, e.g., tricyclics (including imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, and protriptyline) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including fluoxetine and sertraline); and/or (d) gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).
  • central nervous system stimulants-amphetamines and amphetamine like compounds e.g., methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline
  • modafinil e.g., methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pe
  • the Compounds of the Invention may be used as a sole therapeutic agent or use in combination for co-administered with another active agent.
  • the invention further provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis of a condition which may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof.
  • a Compound of the Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form
  • Disease or condition that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling include, but are not limited to, female sexual dysfunction, secondary amenorrhea (e.g., exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism), pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, for example infertility due to repeated miscarriage, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, autoimmmune disease, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, and hypothyroidism.
  • secondary amenorrhea e.g., exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism
  • pre-menstrual syndrome e.g., premature labor
  • infertility for example infertility due to repeated miscarriage, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, autoimmmune disease, multiple
  • the PDE 1 inhibitors may be used to encourage egg implantation through effects on the lining of uterus, and to help maintain pregnancy in women who are prone to miscarriage due to immune response to pregnancy or low progesterone function.
  • the novel PDE 1 inhibitors e.g., as described herein, may also be useful to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, e.g., administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or
  • progesterone/progestins in postmenopausal women and estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma.
  • the methods of the invention are also useful for animal breeding, for example to induce sexual receptivity and/or estrus in a nonhuman female mammal to be bred.
  • PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used in the foregoing methods of treatment or prophylaxis as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents, for example in conjunction with hormone replacement therapy.
  • the invention further comprises a method of treating disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of
  • a PDE 1 Inhibitor e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, and
  • a hormone e.g., selected from estrogen and estrogen analogues (e.g., estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters) and progesterone and progesterone analogues (e.g., progestins)
  • estrogen and estrogen analogues e.g., estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters
  • progesterone and progesterone analogues e.g., progestins
  • the invention also provides a method for enhancing or potentiating dopamine Dl intracellular signaling activity in a cell or tissue comprising contacting said cell or tissue with an amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, sufficient to inhibit PDE1B activity, e.g., PDE1A or PDE1B activity.
  • a Compound of the Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111
  • the invention also provides a method for treating a PDEl -related, especially PDElB-related disorder, a dopamine Dl receptor intracellular signaling pathway disorder, or disorders that may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling pathway in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in that inhibits PDE1B, wherein PDE1B activity modulates phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and/or the GluRl AMPA receptor.
  • a Compound of the Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111
  • the invention also provides a method for the treatment for glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure comprising topical administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a phosphodiesterase type I (PDEl) Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in an ophthalmically compatible carrier to the eye of a patient in need thereof.
  • treatment may alternatively include a systemic therapy.
  • Systemic therapy includes treatment that can directly reach the bloodstream, or oral methods of administration, for example.
  • the invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for topical ophthalmic use comprising a PDEl inhibitor; for example an ophthalmic solution, suspension, cream or ointment comprising a PDEl Inhibitor of the
  • the PDEl inhibitor may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with a second drug useful for treatment of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of each agent may be below the amount needed for activity as monotherapy.
  • a subthreshold amount i.e., an amount below the level necessary for efficacy as monotherapy
  • an advantage of administering different agents with different mechanisms of action and different side effect profiles may be to reduce the dosage and side effects of either or both agents, as well as to enhance or potentiate their activity as monotherapy.
  • the invention thus provides the method of treatment of a condition selected from glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount, e.g., a subthreshold amount, of an agent known to lower intraocular pressure concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount, e.g., a subthreshold amount, of a PDEl Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, such that amount of the agent known to lower intraocular pressure and the amount of the PDEl inhibitor in combination are effective to treat the condition.
  • an effective amount e.g., a subthreshold amount
  • an agent known to lower intraocular pressure concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount, e.g., a subthreshold amount, of a PDEl Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, such that amount of the agent known to lower intraocular pressure and the amount of the PD
  • one or both of the agents are administered topically to the eye.
  • the invention provides a method of reducing the side effects of treatment of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure by administering a reduced dose of an agent known to lower intraocular pressure concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor.
  • methods other than topical administration, such as systemic therapeutic administration may also be utilized.
  • the optional additional agent or agents for use in combination with a PDEl inhibitor may, for example, be selected from the existing drugs comprise typically of instillation of a prostaglandin, pilocarpine, epinephrine, or topical beta- blocker treatment, e.g. with timolol, as well as systemically administered inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, e.g. acetazolamide.
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine and echothiopate may also be employed and have an effect similar to that of pilocarpine.
  • Drugs currently used to treat glaucoma thus include, e.g.,
  • Prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost (Xalatan), bimatoprost (Lumigan) and travoprost (Travatan), which increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor.
  • Bimatoprost also increases trabecular outflow.
  • Topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as timolol, levobunolol (Betagan), and betaxolol, which decrease aqueous humor production by the ciliary body.
  • Alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists such as brimonidine (Alphagan), which work by a dual mechanism, decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveo-scleral outflow.
  • epinephrine and dipivefrin increase outflow of aqueous humor through trabecular meshwork and possibly through uveoscleral outflow pathway, probably by a beta 2 -agonist action.
  • Miotic agents parasympathomimetics
  • pilocarpine work by contraction of the ciliary muscle, tightening the trabecular meshwork and allowing increased outflow of the aqueous humour.
  • Physostigmine is also used to treat glaucoma and delayed gastric emptying.
  • the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a PDE1 Inhibitor of the Invention and an agent selected from (i) the prostanoids, unoprostone, latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost; (ii) an alpha adrenergic agonist such as brimonidine, apraclonidine, or dipivefrin and (iii) a muscarinic agonist, such as pilocarpine.
  • an agent selected from (i) the prostanoids, unoprostone, latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost; (ii) an alpha adrenergic agonist such as brimonidine, apraclonidine, or dipivefrin and (iii) a muscarinic agonist, such as pilocarpine.
  • the invention provides ophthalmic formulations comprising a PDE-1 Inhibitor of the Invention together with bimatoprost, abrimonidine, brimonidine, timolol, or combinations thereof, in free or ophthamalogically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with an ophthamologically acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art can select an appropriate selective receptor subtype agonist or antagonist.
  • alpha adrenergic agonist one can select an agonist selective for an alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, or an agonist selective for an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor such as brimonidine, for example.
  • beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist For a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, one can select an antagonist selective for either ⁇ 1; or ⁇ 2 , or ⁇ 3, depending on the appropriate therapeutic application. One can also select a muscarinic agonist selective for a particular receptor subtype such as Mj- M 5 .
  • the PDE 1 inhibitor may be administered in the form of an ophthalmic composition, which includes an ophthalmic solution, cream or ointment.
  • the ophthalmic composition may additionally include an intraocular-pressure lowering agent.
  • the PDE-1 Inhibitors disclosed may be combined with a subthreshold amount of an intraocular pressure-lowering agent which may be a bimatoprost ophthalmic solution, a brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, or brimonidine tartrate/timolol maleate ophthalmic solution.
  • PDE1 inhibitors are useful to treat psychosis, for example, any conditions characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid or playful delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, e.g.,
  • Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine primarily have their antagonistic activity at the dopamine D2 receptor.
  • PDE1 inhibitors primarily act to enhance signaling at the dopamine Dl receptor.
  • PDEl inhibitors can increase NMDA receptor function in various brain regions, for example in nucleus accumbens neurons and in the prefrontal cortex. This enhancement of function may be seen for example in NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit, and may occur e.g., via activation of the Src and protein kinase A family of kinases.
  • the invention provides a new method for the treatment of psychosis, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, and mania, such as in acute manic episodes and bipolar disorder, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDEl) Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a patient in need thereof.
  • a phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDEl) Inhibitor of the Invention in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form
  • PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used in the foregoing methods of treatment prophylaxis as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents.
  • the invention further comprises a method of treating psychosis, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, or mania, comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of: (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor of the invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form; and
  • Typical antipsychotics e.g.,
  • Butyrophenones e.g. Haloperidol (Haldol, Serenace), Droperidol (Droleptan);
  • Phenothiazines e.g., Chlorpromazine (Thorazine, Largactil), Fluphenazine (Prolixin), Perphenazine (Trilafon),
  • Prochlorperazine Compazine
  • Thioridazine Mellaril, Melleril
  • Trifluoperazine Stelazine
  • Mesoridazine Mesoridazine
  • Periciazine Promazine
  • Triflupromazine Vesprin
  • Thioxanthenes e.g., Chlorprothixene, Flupenthixol (Depixol, Fluanxol), Thiothixene (Navane), Zuclopenthixol (Clopixol, Acuphase);
  • Atypical antipsychotics e.g.,
  • Clozapine (Clozaril), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Risperidone
  • the Compounds of the Invention are particularly useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of schizophrenia.
  • Compounds of the Invention are particularly useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, narcolepsy, glaucoma and female sexual dysfunction.
  • the invention provides a method of lengthening or enhancing growth of the eyelashes by administering an effective amount of a prostaglandin analogue, e.g., bimatoprost, concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to the eye of a patient in need thereof.
  • a prostaglandin analogue e.g., bimatoprost
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of traumatic brain injury comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor of the invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a patient in need thereof.
  • Traumatic brain injury encompasses primary injury as well as secondary injury, including both focal and diffuse brain injuries. Secondary injuries are multiple, parallel, interacting and interdependent cascades of biological reactions arising from discrete subcellular processes (e.g., toxicity due to reactive oxygen species, overstimulation of glutamate receptors, excessive influx of calcium and inflammatory upregulation) which are caused or exacerbated by the inflammatory response and progress after the initial (primary) injury.
  • Abnormal calcium homeostasis is believed to be a critical component of the progression of secondary injury in both grey and white matter.
  • TBI For a review of TBI, see Park et al., CMAJ (2008) 178(9): 1163-1170, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • PDE IV inhibitors such as rolipram to raise or restore cAMP level improves histopathological outcome and decreases inflammation after TBI.
  • Compounds of the present invention is a PDEl inhibitor, it is believed that these compounds are also useful for the treatment of TBI, e.g., by restoring cAMP level and/or calcium homeostasis after traumatic brain injury.
  • the present invention also provides
  • a Compound of the Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1- 1.111 , as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for example for use in any method or in the treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth, the use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth, (iii) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, and
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier for use in the treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth.
  • a Compound of the Invention e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier for use in the treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth.
  • the invention provides use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I-VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, or a Compound of the Invention in a pharmaceutical composition form, (the manufacture of a medicament) for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of the following diseases: Parkinson's disease, restless leg tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders; depression, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar illness, anxiety, sleep disorder, narcolepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and/or drug addiction; cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, and/or sexual dysfunction; asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; and/or female sexual dysfunction,
  • diseases e
  • hypothyroidism pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, irregular menstmal cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma; and/or any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1, and/or by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity; and/or any disease or condition that may be ameliorated by the enhancement of progesterone signaling.
  • the invention also provides use of a Compound of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, (the manufacture of a medicament) for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of:
  • psychosis for example, any conditions characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid or playful delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, and mania, such as in acute manic episodes and bipolar disorder, or
  • treatment and “treating” are to be understood accordingly as embracing prophylaxis and treatment or amelioration of symptoms of disease as well as treatment of the cause of the disease.
  • the word "effective amount” is intended to encompass a therapeutically effective amount to treat a specific disease or disorder.
  • pulmonary hypertension is intended to encompass pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • patient include human or non-human (i.e., animal) patient.
  • the invention encompasses both human and nonhuman.
  • the invention encompasses nonhuman.
  • the term encompasses human.
  • Compounds of the Invention are in particular useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, narcolepsy and female sexual dysfunction.
  • Compounds of the Invention in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents.
  • Dl agonists such as dopamine
  • they may be simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administered with conventional dopaminergic medications, such as levodopa and levodopa adjuncts (carbidopa, COMT inhibitors, MAO-B inhibitors), dopamine agonists, and anticholinergics, e.g., in the treatment of a patient having Parkinson's disease.
  • the novel PDE 1 inhibitors e.g., as described herein, may also be administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or
  • progesterone/progestins to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy or treatment of estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma.
  • Dosages employed in practicing the present invention will of course vary depending, e.g. on the particular disease or condition to be treated, the particular Compound of the Invention used, the mode of administration, and the therapy desired.
  • Compounds of the Invention may be administered by any suitable route, including orally, parenterally, transdermally, or by inhalation, but are preferably administered orally.
  • satisfactory results, e.g. for the treatment of diseases as hereinbefore set forth are indicated to be obtained on oral administration at dosages of the order from about 0.01 to 2.0 mg/kg.
  • an indicated daily dosage for oral administration will accordingly be in the range of from about 0.75 to 150 mg, conveniently administered once, or in divided doses 2 to 4 times, daily or in sustained release form.
  • Unit dosage forms for oral administration thus for example may comprise from about 0.2 to 75 or 150 mg, e.g. from about 0.2 or 2.0 to 50, 75 or 100 mg of a Compound of the Invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
  • compositions comprising Compounds of the Invention may be prepared using conventional diluents or excipients and techniques known in the galenic art.
  • oral dosage forms may include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions and the like.
  • TFA (3.0 mL) is added into a suspension of 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l- yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-
  • Phosphodiesterase IB is a calcium/calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase enzyme that converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP). PDE1B can also convert a modified cGMP substrate, such as the fluorescent molecule cGMP-fluorescein, to the corresponding GMP-fluorescein. The generation of GMP-fluorescein from cGMP-fluorescein can be quantitated, using, for example, the IMAP (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) immobilized-metal affinity particle reagent.
  • IMAP Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA
  • the IMAP reagent binds with high affinity to the free 5' - phosphate that is found in GMP-fluorescein and not in cGMP-fluorescein.
  • the resulting GMP-fluorescein - IMAP complex is large relative to cGMP-fluorescein.
  • Small fluorophores that are bound up in a large, slowly tumbling, complex can be distinguished from unbound fluorophores, because the photons emitted as they fluoresce retain the same polarity as the photons used to excite the fluorescence.
  • IMAP beads which are available from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, CA).
  • reaction buffer (30 ⁇ CaCl 2 , 10 U/ml of calmodulin (Sigma P2277), lOmM Tris-HCl pH 7.2, lOmM MgCl 2 , 0.1% BSA, 0.05% NaN 3 ) to yield a final concentration of 1.25mU/ml.
  • the FL-GMP conversion reaction is initiated by combining 4 parts enzyme and inhibitor mix with 1 part substrate solution (0.225 ⁇ ) in a 384-well microtiter plate. The reaction is incubated in dark at room temperature for 15 min. The reaction is halted by addition of 60 ⁇ of binding reagent (1:400 dilution of IMAP beads in binding buffer supplemented with 1:1800 dilution of antifoam) to each well of the 384-well plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 1 hour to allow IMAP binding to proceed to completion, and then placed in an Envision multimode microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT) to measure the fluorescence polarization (Amp).
  • Envision multimode microplate reader PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT
  • IC50 values are determined by measuring enzyme activity in the presence of 8 to 16 concentrations of compound ranging from 0.0037 nM to 80,000 nM and then plotting drug concentration versus ⁇ , which allows IC50 values to be estimated using nonlinear regression software (XLFit; IDBS, Cambridge, MA).
  • the Compounds of the Invention may be selected and tested in an assay as described or similarly described herein for PDEl inhibitory activity.
  • the exemplified compounds of the invention generally have IC50 values of less than or equal to ⁇ , some less than ⁇ , some less than InM, against PDE1A and/or PDE IB.
  • Ovariectomized and cannulated wild-type rats are primed with 2 ⁇ g estrogen followed 24 hours later by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of progesterone (2 ⁇ g), PDEl inhibitors of the present invention (O.lmg, l.Omg or 2.5mg) or sesame oil vehicle (control).
  • the rats may be tested for lordosis response in the presence of male rats.

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Abstract

Optionally substituted 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(1H or 2H)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(1H or 2H)-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, processes for their production, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Description

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/349,952, filed May 31, 2010, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to optionally substituted 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro- (optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, preferably Compounds of Formula I as described below, processes for their production, their use as
pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them. Of particular interest are novel compounds useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDEl), e.g., in the treatment of diseases involving disorders of the dopamine Dl receptor intracellular pathway, such as, among others, Parkinson's disease, depression, narcolepsy, damage to cognitive function, e.g., in schizophrenia, or disorders that may be ameliorated through enhanced progesterone- signaling pathway, e.g., female sexual dysfunction. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Eleven families of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been identified but only PDEs in Family I, the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterases (CaM- PDEs), have been shown to mediate both the calcium and cyclic nucleotide (e.g. cAMP and cGMP) signaling pathways. The three known CaM-PDE genes, PDE1A, PDEIB, and PDE1C, are all expressed in central nervous system tissue. PDE1A is expressed throughout the brain with higher levels of expression in the CA1 to CA3 layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum and at a low level in the striatum. PDEl A is also expressed in the lung and heart. PDEIB is predominately expressed in the striatum, dentate gyrus, olfactory tract and cerebellum, and its expression correlates with brain regions having high levels of dopaminergic innervation. Although PDEIB is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, it may be detected in the heart. PDE1C is primarily expressed in olfactory epithelium, cerebellar granule cells, and striatum. PDE1C is also expressed in the heart and vascular smooth muscle.
[0003] Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases decrease intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling by hydrolyzing these cyclic nucleotides to their respective inactive 5 '-monophosphates (5 'AMP and 5'GMP). CaM-PDEs play a critical role in mediating signal transduction in brain cells, particularly within an area of the brain known as the basal ganglia or striatum. For example, NMDA-type glutamate receptor activation and/or dopamine D2 receptor activation result in increased intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to activation of effectors such as calmodulin- dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin and to activation of CaM-PDEs, resulting in reduced cAMP and cGMP. Dopamine Dl receptor activation, on the other hand, leads to activation of nucleotide cyclases, resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP. These cyclic nucleotides in turn activate protein kinase A (PKA; cAMP- dependent protein kinase) and/or protein kinase G (PKG; cGMP-dependent protein kinase) that phosphorylate downstream signal transduction pathway elements such as DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Phosphorylated DARPP-32 in turn inhibits the activity of protein phosphates-1 (PP-1), thereby increasing the state of
phosphorylation of substrate proteins such as progesterone receptor (PR), leading to induction of physiologic responses. Studies in rodents have suggested that inducing cAMP and cGMP synthesis through activation of dopamine Dl or progesterone receptor enhances progesterone signaling associated with various physiological responses, including the lordosis response associated with receptivity to mating in some rodents. See Mani, et al., Science (2000) 287: 1053, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0004] CaM-PDEs can therefore affect dopamine-regulated and other intracellular signaling pathways in the basal ganglia (striatum), including but not limited to nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP), DARPP- 32, and endorphin intracellular signaling pathways.
[0005] Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, in particular, phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) activity, functions in brain tissue as a regulator of locomotor activity and learning and memory. PDE1 is a therapeutic target for regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, preferably in the nervous system, including but not limited to a dopamine Dl receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP) , endorphin intracellular signaling pathway and progesterone signaling pathway. For example, inhibition of PDEIB should act to potentiate the effect of a dopamine Dl agonist by protecting cGMP and cAMP from degradation, and should similarly inhibit dopamine D2 receptor signaling pathways, by inhibiting PDE1 activity. Chronic elevation in intracellular calcium levels is linked to cell death in numerous disorders, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases and in disorders of the circulatory system leading to stroke and myocardial infarction. PDE1 inhibitors are therefore potentially useful in diseases characterized by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity, such as Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, depression, narcolepsy and cognitive impairment. PDE1 inhibitors are also useful in diseases that may be alleviated by the enhancement of progesterone-signaling such as female sexual dysfunction.
[0006] There is thus a need for compounds that selectively inhibit PDE1 activity, especially PDE 1 A and/or PDE 1 B activity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention provides optionally substituted 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro- (optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, in free or salt form, e.g., optionally substituted:
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine,
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- one,
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- thione, • 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- imine,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-one,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-thione,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-imine,
in free or salt form, preferably (1 or 2 and/or 3 and/or 5) substituted, more preferably with 3 -oxy- substituted compounds.
08] In another embodiment, the invention provides a Compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000005_0001
Formula I
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or C¾;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is Η or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R4 is Η or
Figure imgf000005_0002
(e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are, independently:
Η,
C1-6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is Η and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl), aryl,
heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a
3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetra- methylene
bridge,
(pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
Rs is
a) -D-E-F, wherein:
D is a single bond, C^alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l-ylene) or -C(=0)-;
E is a single bond,
Figure imgf000006_0001
(e.g., methylene, -C≡C-), arylene (e.g., phenylene),
Figure imgf000006_0002
(e.g., benzylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene); and
F is
H,
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l- yi),
halo (e.g., F, Br, CI),
Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl),
haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloCi4alkoxy,
Ci4alkoxy (e.g., methoxy),
Figure imgf000006_0003
-N(Ri6)(Ri7),
-S(0)2R21,
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example,
pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl);
wherein D, E and F are independently and optionally
substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
haloCi-4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), and
Ci-4alkoxy (methoxy),
for example, F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-1- yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl) optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo and Ci-6alkyl (e.g., 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl-imidazol- 2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid- 2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl), or F is aryl, e.g., phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl);
or F is a C3_7heterocycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl) optionally substituted with a Q^alkyl (e.g., l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl);
a substituted heteroarylCi-4alkyl, e.g., substituted with haloCi. 4alkyl; attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula I and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000008_0001
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R8, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), -C^alkyl- N(R22)(R23) (e.g., aminomethyl, isopropylaminomethyl or isobutylaminomethyl), or -C^alkyl-heterCa-scycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl), and RJO is:
hydrogen,
halogen (chloro or flouro),
Ci alkyl,
haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloC]4alkoxy (e.g., trifluoromethoxy),
Ci4alkoxy,
C3_7cycloalkyl,
hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), C^haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
arylcarbonyl (e.g., benzoyl),
Ci4alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methylsulfonyl),
aminosulfonyl (e.g., -S(0)2-N(R1g)(R19), heteroarylcarbonyl,
C^alkylcarbonyl (e.g., methylcarbonyl),
Ci4alkoxycarbonyl, (e.g., -C(0)OCH3),
-C(0)OH,
haloCi4alkoxycarbony (e.g., trifluoromethylcarbonyl),
Figure imgf000009_0001
-Ci-4alkyl-N(Ri8)(Ri9) (e.g., methylaminomethyl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Q^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci^alkoxy, C^haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH;
For example, R]0 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl oxadiazolyl pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) ,
Figure imgf000009_0002
Ci_ 4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH, e.g. optionally substituted with halo or Ci_4alkyl, for example Rio is 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl, piperidin-2-yl, l-ethylpiperidin-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, l-methylimidazol-2-yl, halopyridyl (for example 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl),
provided that when X, Y, or Z is nitrogen, R§, R9, or Rio, respectively, is not present;
R6 is
Ci lkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), or
arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy and C3_8cycloalkyl, for example, R is 3- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
(vii) n = 0 or 1 ;
(viii) when n=l, A is -C(Ri3Ri4)-, wherein R] and R]4> are, independently, H, Ci_4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi4alkoxy or
(optionally hetero)arylCi4alkyl or R]3 or R14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(ix) Ri5 is Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), - OH, -OC14alkyl (e.g., -OCH3), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R16)(Ri7); (x) R½ and R17 are independently H or Ci4alkyl;
(xi) R]8 and R19 are independently
H,
Ch lky,
C -8cycloalkyl,
heteroC3_scycloalkyl,
aryl (e.g., phenyl), or
heteroaryl,
wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or
2-hydroxyphenyl) ,
C1_6alkyl,
haloCi-6alkyl,
Ci-6alkoxy,
aryl,
heteroaryl, and
C3_8cycloalkyl;
(xii) R2o is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl;
(xiii) R2] is Ci_6alkyl (e.g., methyl) or -N(Ri8)(Ri9);
(xiv) R22 and R23 are independently H or Ci4alkyl (e.g., methyl), in free or salt form. In another embodiment, the invention provides a Compound of Formula I s:
1.1 Formula I, wherein Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
1.2 Formula I or 1.1, wherein Q is -C(=S)-;
1.3 Formula I or 1.1 , wherein Q is -C(=0)-
1.4 Formula I or 1.1, wherein Q is -C(=N(R20))-;
1.5 Formula I or 1.1 , wherein Q is -CH2- ;
1.6 Formula I, or any of 1.1-1.5, wherein Ri is H or
Figure imgf000011_0001
(e.g., methyl or ethyl);
1.7 Formula 1.6, wherein Ri is H;
1.8 Formula 1.6, wherein R] is C]_4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
1.9 Formula I, or any of 1.1-1.8, wherein R4 is H or C1-4alkyl (e.g., methyl, isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are, independently:
H,
C1-6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl), aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkoxy,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered ring;
or
R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge,
(pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively)
1.10 Formula 1.9, wherein R2 or R3 is H or C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or
isopropyl);
1.11 Formula 1.9, wherein R2 or R3 is H;
1.12 Formula 1.9, wherein R2 or R3 is C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl); Formula 1.9, wherein I¾ or R is methyl;
Formula 1.9, wherein R2 or R is isopropyl;
Formula I, or any of 1.1 - 1.8 , wherein R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
Formula I or any of 1.1 - 1.15 , wherein R5 is -D-E-F;
Formula 1.16, wherein D is a single bond, Ci_4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l-ylene) or -C(=0)-;
Formula 1.17, wherein D is a single bond ;
Formula 1.17, wherein D is C^alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn- 1 -ylene) ;
Formula 1.17, wherein D is methylene;
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is a single bond, C]-4alkylene (e.g., methylene, -C≡C-), arylene (e.g., phenylene),
Figure imgf000012_0001
(e.g., benzylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene);
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is arylene (e.g., phenylene); Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is phenylene;
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene);
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is
Figure imgf000012_0002
(e.g., methylene, -OC-);
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is
Figure imgf000012_0003
(e.g., benzylene);
Any of formulae 1.16-1.20, wherein E is a single bond;
Any of formulae 1.16-1.27, wherein F is
H,
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-l-yl, 1,2,4- triazol-l-yl),
halo (e.g., F, Br, CI), haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloC^alkoxy,
Ci4alkoxy (e.g., methoxy),
Figure imgf000013_0001
C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or
heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-1- yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl); wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
haloCi-4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
Ci-4alkoxy, and
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., 5-methylpyrid-2-yl),
for example, F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, pyrazolyl or
imidazolyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl), optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C . alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
Figure imgf000013_0002
(e.g., trifluoromethyl), C^alkoxy ) or C^alkyl (for example, F is 5-methylpyrid-2-yl, 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1- methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
Formula 1.28, wherein F is Η; .30 Formula 1.28, wherein F is haloCi^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);
.31 Formula 1.28, wherein F is trifluoromethyl;
.32 Formula 1.28, wherein F is halo (e.g., F, Br or CI);
.33 Formula 1.28, wherein F is CI;
.34 Formula 1.28, wherein F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example
pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol- 1-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4- oxodiazol-3-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), haloCi_4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), C^alkoxy or C^alkyl, (e.g., 5- trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl, 4-methyl-imidazol- 1-yl, 1-methyl-imidazol- 2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl) ;
.35 Formula 1.28, wherein F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrid-3-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol- 1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), Ci_4alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), haloCi- 4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), Ci4alkoxy ) or
Figure imgf000014_0001
.36 Any Formulae 1.34-1.35, wherein F is pyrid-2-yl (e.g., pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl);
.37 Formula 1.34, wherein F is pyridyl (e.g., pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., phenyl, 4- fluorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl);
,38 Formula 1 .34 or 1.37, wherein F is 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl;
,39 Formula 1 .34 or 1.37, wherein F is 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl;
,40 Formula 1 .34 or 1.37, wherein F is 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl;
41 Formula 1 .34, wherein F is 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl;
42 Formula 1 .34, wherein F is 5-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl;
43 Formula 1 .34, wherein F is 5-methylpyrid-2-yl;
44 Formula 1 .34, wherein F is 6-thio-pyrid-2-yl;
45 Formula 1 .34, wherein F is 1,2,4-triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazolyl); Any Formulae 1.34-1.35, wherein F is diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl);
Formula 1.34, wherein F is imidazol- 1 -yl or pyrazol- 1 -yl;
Formula 1.34, wherein F is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more:
halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
haloCi-4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
Ci-4alkoxy or
Q^alkyl (e.g., 5-methylpyrid-2-yl);
Formula 1.34 or 1.47, wherein F is phenyl optionally substituted with the substituents set forth in formula 1.47;
Formula 1.34 or 1.47, wherein F is 4-fluorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl; Formula 1.34, wherein F is C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Figure imgf000015_0001
(e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), (e.g., trifluoromethyl), Ci4alkoxy or Ci4alkyl;
Formula 1.51, wherein F is cyclohexyl;
Formula 1.51, wherein F is cyclopentyl ;
Formula 1.28, wherein F is heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholinyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Figure imgf000015_0002
(e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), (e.g., trifluoromethyl), C^alkoxy or C^alkyl;
Formula 1.54, wherein F is pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-l-yl) optionally substituted with one or more C^alkyl;
Formula 1.54, wherein F is 1-methylpyrrolidinyl or 1- ethylpyrrolidinyl;
Formula 1.54, wherein F is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), d- 4alkoxy or C^alkyl;
Formula 1.54 or 1.57, wherein F is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl) optionally substituted with C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl); Formula 1.54 or 1.57, wherein F is l-methylpiperdin-2-yl or 1- ethylpiperidin-2-yl;
Formula 1.54, wherein F is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl;
Formula 1.28, wherein F is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Figure imgf000016_0001
(e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl), halod^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), C^alkoxy or d- 4alkyl;
Formula 1.61, wherein F is phenyl ;
Formula 1.61, wherein F is 4-fluorophenyl;
Formula 1.28, wherein F is -S(0)2R21 wherein R2i is Ci-6alkyl (e.g., methyl) or -N(R18)(R19);
Formula 1.64, wherein R2i is Ci_6alkyl (e.g., methyl);
Formula 1.64, wherein R2i is -N(Ris)(Ri9);
Formula 1.28, wherein F is -C(0)-Ri5 and R15 is
methyl), haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), -Ο
Figure imgf000016_0002
(e.g., - OCH3), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R16)(R17);
Formula 1.28, wherein F is -C(0)-R15 and R^ is C^alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), -OH, -OC^alkyl (e.g., - OCH3), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R16)(R17);
Formula 1.68, wherein R15 is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl);
Formula 1.68, wherein R15 is
Figure imgf000016_0003
(e.g., trifluoromethyl); Formula 1.68, wherein R15 is -OH;
Formula 1.68, wherein R15 is -OCi4alkyl (e.g., methoxy or ethoxy); Formula 1.68, wherein R]5 is ethoxy;
Formula 1.28, wherein F is -N(R16)(Ri7);
Any of formulae 1.16-1.74, wherein D, E and F are independently and optionally substituted with one or more :
halo (e.g., F, CI or Br), C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), or
Ci4alkoxy (methoxy);
Formula I or any of 1.1 - 1.15 , wherein R5 is a substituted
heteroarylalkyl, e.g., substituted with haloalkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1 - 1.15 , wherein R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula I and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000017_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R8, R9, Rn and RK are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), -Ci4alkyl-N(R22)(R23) (e.g., aminomethyl, isopropylaminomethyl or isobutylaminomethyl), or -Ci_ 4alkyl-heterC3_8cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl), and Rio is:
hydrogen,
halogen (chloro or flouro),
Ci alkyl,
haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloC^alkoxy (e.g., trifluoromethoxy),
Ci4alkoxy,
C3-7cycloalkyl,
hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyiTolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl),
Ci4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
arylcarbonyl (e.g., benzoyl),
Ci4alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methylsulfonyl),
aminosulfonyl (e.g., -S(0)2-N(Ri8)( i9),
heteroarylcarbonyl,
C^alkylcarbonyl (e.g., methylcarbonyl),
C^alkoxycarbonyl, (e.g., -C(0)OCH3),
-C(0)OH,
haloCi4alkoxycarbony (e.g., trifluoromethylcarbonyl),
Figure imgf000018_0001
-Ci.4alkyl-N(Ris)(Ri9) (e.g., methylaminomethyl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) ,
Figure imgf000018_0002
Ci-4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH;
For example, Rio is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl oxadiazolyl pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci4alkoxy, Ci. 4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH, e.g. optionally substituted with halo or Ci4alkyl, for example R]0 is 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl, piperidin-2-yl, l-ethylpiperidin-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, l-methylimidazol-2-yl, halopyridyl (for example 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl),
provided that when X, Y, or Z is nitrogen, Rs, R9, or Rio,
respectively, is not present; Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a substituted heteroarylmethyl, e.g., para- substituted with haloalkyl;
Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R8, R9, Rn, and R12 are H and R10 is phenyl;
Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R8, R9, Rn, and Ri2 are H and R10 is pyridyl or thiadiazolyl;
Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R8, R9, Rn, and Ri2 are, independently, H or halogen, and Rio is haloalkyl; Formula 1.77, wherein R5 is a moiety of Formula A wherein R8, R9, Rn, and Ri2 are, independently, H, and Rio is alkyl sulfonyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.82, wherein R is
Ci alkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), or
arylCi4alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_6alkyl, Ci_6alkoxy and C3_8cycloalkyl, for example, R6 is 3- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl;
Formula 1.83, wherein R6 is C^alkyl (e.g., isopropyl);
Formula 1.83, wherein R is C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl);
Formula 1.83, wherein R6 is heteroaryl (e.g. , pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl);
Formula 1.83, wherein R6 is arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl);
Formula 1.83, wherein R6 is aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_ 6alkyl, C^alkoxy and C3_8cycloalkyl;
Formula 1.83, wherein R6 is fluorophenyl (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl); Formula I or any of 1.1-1.89, wherein n = 0;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.89, wherein n = 1; Formula 1.91, wherein n=l, A is -C(R13R14)-, wherein R]3 and Ri4, are, independently, H or Ci^alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally
hetero)arylCi-4alkoxy or (optionally hetero)arylCi-4alkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.92, wherein R16 and R17 are independently H
Figure imgf000020_0001
formula 1.93, wherein R]6 and R17 are H;
formula 1.93, wherein R]6 and R17 are C1-4alkyl;
formula 1.93, wherein R]6 is H and R17 is C1-4alkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.96, wherein Ris and R19 are independently
H,
Ci-4alky,
C3-8cycloalkyl,
heteroC3-8cycloalkyl,
aryl (e.g., phenyl), or
heteroaryl,
wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or
2-hydroxyphenyl) ,
C1_6alkyl,
halo -ealkyl,
Q^alkoxy,
aryl,
heteroaryl, and
C3-8cycloalkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.97, wherein R]8 and R19 are independently H or
Figure imgf000020_0002
(e.g., methyl);
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.98, wherein R2o is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3-7cycloalkyl;
Formula 1.99, wherein R2o is H;
Formula 1.99, wherein R2o is C1-4alkyl (e.g., methyl); Formula 1.99, wherein R2o is C3-7cycloalkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.102, wherein R2i is C1-6alkyl (e.g., methyl) or - (R]s)( i9) and R]8 and R1 are independently H or Ci_4alkyl; Formula 1.103, wherein R2] is Ci-6alkyl (e.g., methyl);
Formula 1.103, wherein R2i is -N(R]8)(Ri9) and R]8 and R]9 are independently H or Ci_4alkyl;
Formula I or any of 1.1-1.105, wherein R22 and R2 are independently H or C1-4alkyl (e.g., methyl);
Formula 1.106, wherein R22 and R23 are H;
Formula 1.106, wherein R22 and R23 are Q^alkyl (e.g. , methyl) ; Formula 1.106, wherein R22 is H and R23 is C]_4alkyl (e.g., methyl); any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is selected from a group consisting of:
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
any of the preceding formulae wherein the compounds inhibit phosphodiesterase-mediated (e.g., PDEl -mediated, especially PDE1B- mediated) hydrolysis of cGMP, e.g., with an IC50 of less than ΙμΜ, preferably less than 500nM, more preferably less than 50nM, still more preferably less than ΙΟηΜ, most preferably less than InM in an immobilized-metal affinity particle reagent PDE assay, for example, as described in Example 12,
in free or salt form.
[0010] In one embodiment, the compound of formula I as described above, is a compound of Formula II: P
Figure imgf000023_0001
Formula II
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R2o))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or Ci^alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R4 is H or Ci^alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are, independently:
H,
C1-6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl),
aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkoxy, or
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein
D is Ci_4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene); and
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Ci_6alkyl (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or
b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula II and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000024_0001
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R§, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), and Rio is C3_ 7cycloalkyl, hetC3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-
4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI) or
C] alkyl, for example R10 is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4- fluorophenyl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(vi) R6 is
Ci alkyl (e.g., isopropyl or isobutyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3_ scycloalkyl, for example, R6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl;
(vii) n = 0 or 1 ;
(viii) when n=l, A is -C(R]3Ri4)-, wherein R]3 and R]4> are, independently, H or
Figure imgf000025_0001
aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylC]_
4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylCi4alkyl or R]3 or R14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(ix) R20 is H, Ci4alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form. [0011] In still another embodiment, the Compound of Formula I as described above is a Compound of Formula III: p
Figure imgf000026_0001
Formula III
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R4 is H or
Figure imgf000026_0002
(e.g., methyl, isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are,
independently:
H,
Ci_6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl),
aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylC i -6alkoxy ,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a
3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
(v) R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein D is Ci^alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene); and
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_7Cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Chalky 1 (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or
b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula III and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000027_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R8, R9, Rn and R12 are independently Η or halogen (e.g., CI or F), and R10 is C3. 7cycloalkyl, hetC3_7Cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI) or Ci lkyl;
(vi) R6 is:
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), hydroxy or Ci-6alkyl, for example, R6 is 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
(vii) n = 0 or l;
(viii) when n=l, A is -C(R]3Ri4)-, wherein R]3 and R]4> are, independently, H or
Figure imgf000028_0001
aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi_ 4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylCi4alkyl or R]3 or R]4 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(x) R20 is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form.
[0012] In still another embodiment of the invention, the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula IV:
Figure imgf000028_0002
Formula IV wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or
Figure imgf000029_0001
(e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein
D is Ci-4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene);
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Ci-6alkyl (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or
b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula IV and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000029_0002
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R§, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H or halogen (e.g., CI or F), and R10 is C3- 7cycloalkyl, hetC3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), C]_ 4alkyl;
(v) R6 is:
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy or C^alkyl, for example, R6 is 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
(xi) R20 is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form.
[0013] In yet another embodiment, the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula V:
Figure imgf000030_0001
Formula V
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) R] is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula V and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000031_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R8, R9, Rn and R]2 are independently H, and R10 is:
hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl), or
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci_ 4alkyl, for example R10 is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1- methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid- 2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6- dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is
C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylCi4alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl, for example, R6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4- fluorophenyl, in free or salt form.
[0014] In another embodiment, the Compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula VI:
Figure imgf000032_0001
Formula VI
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0 ;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) Ri is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VI and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000033_0001
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R8, R9, Rn and R]2 are
independently H, and Rio is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is
C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylC]4alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci_6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl,
for example, R6 is cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form.
[0015] In still another embodiment, the invention provides a Compound of Formula VII:
Figure imgf000034_0001
Formula VII
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) R] is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VII and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000034_0002
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R§, R9, Rn and R]2 are independently H, and R10 is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form. [0016] In still another embodiment, the invention provides a Compound of Formula VIII:
Figure imgf000035_0001
Formula VIII
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) Ri is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) Rs is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VIII and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000035_0002
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R8, R9, Rn and R]2 are
independently H, and R10 is pyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 1- methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is phenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form. [0017] In still another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of any of the foregoing formulae, e.g., any of Formula I- VIII or any of formulae 1.1-1.111, wherein R10 is selected from any of 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl and 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 5- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl.
[0018] If not otherwise specified or clear from context or unless otherwise specified, the following terms herein have the following meanings:
(a) "Alkyl" as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, preferably having one to six carbon atoms, in some instances one to four carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, and may be optionally mono-, di- or tri- substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy, or carboxy.
(b) "Cycloalkyl" as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated nonaromatic hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, comprising three to nine carbon atoms, in some instances three to seven atoms, at least some of which form a nonaromatic mono- or bicyclic, or bridged cyclic structure, and which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy or carboxy.
(c) "Heterocycloalkyl" is, unless otherwise indicated, saturated or
unsaturated nonaromatic hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, comprising three to nine carbon atoms, in some instances three to seven atoms, at least some of which form a nonaromatic mono- or bicyclic, or bridged cyclic structure, wherein at least one carbon atom is replaced with N, O or S, which heterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted, e.g., with halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy or carboxy.
(d) "Aryl" as used herein is a mono or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably phenyl. In some instances, aryl is optionally substituted, e.g., with alkyl (e.g., methyl), halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), hydroxy, carboxy, or an additional aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., biphenyl or pyridylphenyl). (e) "Heteroaryl" as used herein is an aromatic moiety wherein one or more of the atoms making up the aromatic ring is sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen rather than carbon, e.g., pyridyl or thiadiazolyl which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy or carboxy.
(f) Wherein E is phenylene, the numbering is as follows:
Figure imgf000037_0001
(g) It is intended that wherein the substituents end in "ene", for example, alkylene, phenylene or arylalkylene, said substituents are intended to bridge or be connected to two other substituents. Therefore, methylene is intended to be -CH2-, ethylene is intended to be -CH2- CH2- and phenylene intended to be -C6H4- and arylalkylene is intended to be -C6H4-CH2- or - CH2-C6H4-.
(h) The Compounds of the Invention are intended to be numbered as follows:
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000038_0002
[0019] The term "substituted," as used herein, means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. Similarly, the substituents defined for the Compounds of the Invention are intended to result in stable compounds.
[0020] Compounds of the Invention, encompassing any of the compounds disclosed herein, e.g., optionally substituted 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4- thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9- pentahydro-(lHor 2H)-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-pyrimido[l,2- a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, e.g., (1 or 2 and/or 3 and/or 5)-substituted: 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine, 4,5,7,8- tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)-one, 4,5,7,8- tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione,
4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lHor 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)-imine, 4,5,7,8, 9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine, 4,5,7,8, 9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- one, 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine- 4(5H)-thione, 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidine-4(5H)-imine compounds, e.g., Compounds of Formula I, e.g., any of formulae 1.1 - 1.111 , or Compounds of any of Formulae II- VIII as described herein, may exist in free or salt form, e.g., as acid addition salts. In this specification unless otherwise indicated, language such as "Compounds of the Invention" is to be understood as embracing the compounds in any form, for example free or acid addition salt form, or where the compounds contain acidic substituents, in base addition salt form. The Compounds of the Invention are intended for use as pharmaceuticals, therefore pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses may be useful, for example, for the isolation or purification of free Compounds of the Invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are therefore also included. In particular embodiment, the salt of the compounds of the invention is a formic acid addition salt.
[0021] Compounds of the Invention may in some cases also exist in prodrug form. A prodmg form is compound which converts in the body to a Compound of the Invention. For example when the Compounds of the Invention contain hydroxy or carboxy substituents, these substituents may form physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable esters. As used herein, "physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable ester" means esters of Compounds of the Invention which are hydrolysable under physiological conditions to yield acids (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have hydroxy substituents) or alcohols (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have carboxy substituents) which are themselves physiologically tolerable at doses to be administered. Therefore, wherein the Compound of the Invention contains a hydroxy group, for example, Compound-OH, the acyl ester prodrug of such compound, for example, Compound-0-C(0)-Ci alkyl, can hydrolyze in the body to form physiologically hydrolysable alcohol (Compound-OH) on the one hand and acid on the other (e.g., HOC(0)-Ci4alkyl). Alternatively, wherein the Compound of the Invention contains a carboxylic acid, for example, Compound-
C(0)OH, the acid ester prodrug of such compound, for example, Compound-C(0)0- Q^alkyl can hydrolyze to form Compound-C(0)OH and HO-Ci-4alkyl. As will be appreciated the term thus embraces conventional pharmaceutical prodrug forms.
[0022] The invention also provides methods of making the Compounds of the Invention and methods of using the Compounds of the Invention for treatment of diseases and disorders as set forth below (especially treatment of diseases characterized by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity, such as
Parkinson's disease, Tourette's Syndrome, Autism, fragile X syndrome, ADHD, restless leg syndrome, depression, cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, narcolepsy and diseases that may be alleviated by the enhancement of progesterone- signaling such as female sexual dysfunction), or a disease or disorder such as psychosis or glaucoma). This list is not intended to be exhaustive and may include other diseases and disorders as set forth below.
[0023] In another embodiment, the invention further provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Methods of Making Compounds of the Invention
[0024] The compounds of the Invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be made using the methods as described and exemplified herein and by methods similar thereto and by methods known in the chemical art. Such methods include, but not limited to, those described below. If not commercially available, starting materials for these processes may be made by procedures, which are selected from the chemical art using techniques which are similar or analogous to the synthesis of known compounds. Various starting materials and/or Compounds of the Invention may be prepared using methods described in WO 2006/133261; WO 2009/075784; PCT/US2009/06438 (or WO 2010/065148); PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO
2010/065151) and PCT/US2009/006439 (or WO 2010/065149). All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0025] The Compounds of the Invention include their enantiomers, diastereoisomers and racemates, as well as their polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and complexes. Some individual compounds within the scope of this invention may contain double bonds. Representations of double bonds in this invention are meant to include both the E and the Z isomer of the double bond. In addition, some compounds within the scope of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers. This invention includes the use of any of the optically pure stereoisomers as well as any combination of stereoisomers.
[0026] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the Compounds of the Invention may exhibit keto-enol tautomerization. Therefore, the invention as defined in the present invention is to be understood as embracing both the structures as set forth herewith and their tautomeric forms.
[0027] It is also intended that the Compounds of the Invention encompass their stable and unstable isotopes. Stable isotopes are nonradioactive isotopes which contain one additional neutron compared to the abundant nuclides of the same species (i.e., element). It is expected that the activity of compounds comprising such isotopes would be retained, and such compound would also have utility for measuring pharmacokinetics of the non-isotopic analogs. For example, the hydrogen atom at a certain position on the Compounds of the Invention may be replaced with deuterium (a stable isotope which is non- radioactive). Examples of known stable isotopes include, but not limited to, deuterium, C, N, O. Alternatively, unstable isotopes, which are radioactive isotopes which contain additional neutrons compared to the abundant nuclides of the same species (i.e., element), e.g., 123 I, 1 1 I, 125 I, 11 C,
18 F, may replace the corresponding abundant species, e.g., I, C and F respectively. Another example of useful isotope of the compound of the invention is the nC isotope. These radio isotopes are useful for radio-imaging and/or pharmacokinetic studies of the compounds of the invention. Methods of making isotopes of PDE1 inhibitors disclosed in WO 2011/043816, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety, may be used for making the isotopes of the compounds of the current invention.
[0028] Melting points are uncorrected and (dec) indicates decomposition. Temperature are given in degrees Celsius (°C); unless otherwise stated, operations are carried out at room or ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25 °C. Chromatography means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography (TLC) is carried out on silica gel plates. NMR data is in the delta values of major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Conventional abbreviations for signal shape are used. Coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. For mass spectra (MS), the lowest mass major ion is reported for molecules where isotope splitting results in multiple mass spectral peaks Solvent mixture compositions are given as volume percentages or volume ratios. In cases where the NMR spectra are complex, only diagnostic signals are reported.
[0029] Terms and abbreviations:
BOP = (Benzotriazole-l-yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate,
BuLi = n-butyllithium,
Bu OH = ierf-butyl alcohol,
CAN = ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate,
DBU = l,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene,
DIPEA = diisopropylethylamine,
DMF = N,N-dimethylforamide,
DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide,
Et20 = diethyl ether,
EtOAc = ethyl acetate,
equiv. = equivalent(s),
h = hour(s),
HPLC =high performance liquid chromatography,
K2CO3 = potassium carbonate
LiHMDS = lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
LDA = lithium diisopropylamide
MeOH = methanol,
NBS = N-bromosuccinimide,
NCS = N-chlorosuccinimide,
NaHCC>3 = sodium bicarbonate,
NH4OH = ammonium hydroxide,
Pd2(dba)3 = tris[dibenzylideneacetone]dipalladium(0) PMB = p-methoxybenzyl,
POCI3 = phosphorous oxychloride,
SOCI2 = thionyl chloride,
TFA = trifluoroacetic acid,
TFMSA = trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
THF = tetrahedrofuran.
[0030] The synthetic methods in this invention are illustrated below. The significances for the R groups are as set forth above for formula I- VIII or any of formulae 1.1-1.111 unless otherwise indicated.
[0031] In an aspect of the invention, intermediate compounds of formula lib can be synthesized by reacting a compound of formula Ila with a dicarboxylic acid, acetic anhydride and acetic acid mixing with heat, e.g., to about 90°C for about 3 hours and then cooled:
Figure imgf000043_0001
(lib) wherein R is methyl.
[0032] Intermediate lie can be prepared by for example reacting intermediate lib with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCI3, sometimes with small amounts of water and heat, e.g., heating to about 80°C for about 4 hours and then cooled:
Figure imgf000043_0002
(lib) (lie)
[0033] Intermediate lid may be formed by reacting intermediate lie with for example a P]-L in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K2CO3, sodium
bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethylamine,
diisopropylethylamine or the like at room temperature or with heating:
Figure imgf000044_0001
(lie)
wherein P1 is a protective group [e.g., /?-methoxybenzyl group (PMB) or
BOC]; L is a leaving group such as a halogen, mesylate, or tosylate. Preferably, P1 is PMB and the base is potassium carbonate.
[0034] Intermediate He may be prepared by reacting intermediate lid with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate in a solvent such as methanol and with heating, e.g. refluxed for about 4 hours and then cooled:
Figure imgf000044_0002
[0035] Intermediate IVa may be formed by for example reacting intermediate He with POCl3 and DMF:
Figure imgf000044_0003
(Me) (IVa) wherein R1 is as defined previously, such as a methyl group.
[0036] Intermediate IVb may be formed by reacting intermediate IVa with for example a R5-X in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K2CO3, sodium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, triethylamine or the like at room temperature or with heating (Reaction 1):
Figure imgf000045_0001
(IVa)
(IVb)
[0037] Intermediate IVc may be synthesized from intermediate IVb by removing the protective group P1 with an appropriate method. For example, if P1 is a PMB group, then it can be removed with CAN or TFA/TFMSA at room temperature (Reaction 2):
Figure imgf000045_0002
Wherein P is BOC, the compound may be deprotected by using acid such as hydrochloric acid or TFA.
[0038] Intermediate IVd can be prepared by reacting intermediate IVc with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCI3 and optionally with heating, e.g. reflux for about 2 days, or heated at 150~200°C for about 5-10 min in a sealed vial with a microwave instrument and then cooled (Reaction 3):
Figure imgf000045_0003
(IVc) [0039] Intermediate IVe can be formed by reacting a intermediate IVd with an amino alcohol under basic condition in a solvent such as DMF and heated overnight then cooled (Reaction 4A):
Figure imgf000046_0001
Alternatively, intermediate IVe can be synthesized directly from intermediate IVe by reacting with an amino alcohol and a coupling such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU (Reaction 4B):
Figure imgf000046_0002
wherein all the substituents are as defined previously.
[0040] Intermediate IVf may be formed by reacting a compound of IVe with for example a dehydrating/halogenating agent such as SOCI2 in a solvent such as CH2CI2 at room temperature overnight or heated at 35 °C for several hours, and then cooled (Reaction 5):
Figure imgf000046_0003
(IVe) (IVf)
[0041] Intermediate IVg wherein X is halogen (e.g., chloro) may be formed by reacting intermediate IVf with for example a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I2 and a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as
THF at low temperature for several hours (Reaction 6).
Figure imgf000047_0001
(ivf) (IVg)
[0042] The Compounds of the Invention may be formed by reacting
intermediate IVg wherein X is halogen (e.g., chloro) with R6-OH with heating
(Reaction 7):
Figure imgf000047_0002
Compounds of the Invention, (IVg) wherein Q is -C(=0)-
[0043] The Compounds of the Invention wherein Q is CH2 may be prepared by reacting the Compounds of the Invention wherein Q is C(=0) with a reducing agent, e.g., DIBAL-H or LAH, preferably DIBAL-H.
Figure imgf000047_0003
Compounds of the Invention,
wherein Q is -C(=0)- Compounds of the Invention wherein Q = CH2 [0044] The Compounds of the Invention wherein Q is C(=S) may be prepared by reacting Compounds of the Invention wherein Q is C(=0) with P4S10 with P4S10 in a microwave vial in the presence of a base, e.g., pyridine, and optionally heating the mixture to an elevated temperature, e.g., in a microwave, e.g., to about 150°C.
Figure imgf000048_0001
Compounds of the Invention, Compounds of the Invention, wherein Q = C(=0) wherein Q = C(=S)
[0045] Compounds of the Invention wherein Q is C(=N(R20)) may be prepared by reacting a compound of the Invention wherein Q is C(=S) with NH2(R2o) in the presence of HgCl2 upon heating.
Figure imgf000048_0002
Compounds of the Invention, Compounds of the Invention, wherein Q = C(=S) wherein Q = C(=N(R20))
[0046] Alternatively, the invention provides methods of making the Compounds of the Invention, for example, comprising reacting intermediate (I)-A with for example R5-X in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K2CO3, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or the like:
Figure imgf000048_0003
1 -A (l)-A wherein all the substitutents are as defined previously in any of Formulae I- VIII,; X is a leaving group such as a halogen, mesylate, or tosylate.
[0047] Reactions 1-6 referenced above are useful for preparing intermediates useful for the preparation of compounds of similar core structures, e.g., such as compounds described in WO 2006/133261, WO 2009/075784, PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO 2010/065151) and PCT/US2009/006439 (or WO 2010/065149), the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Therefore, the invention claims all intermediates disclosed herein, particularly compounds or intermediates of formulae (IVa), (IVB), (IVc), (IVd), (IVe), (IVf) and (IVg).
Reactions 1-6 referenced above are not only useful methods for preparing
Compounds of the current Invention, but are also useful for preparing compounds as disclosed in WO 2006/133261, WO 2009/075784, PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO 2010/065151) and PCT/US2009/006439 (or WO 2010/065149). Therefore the invention provides a method of making a compound as disclosed in WO
2006/133261, WO 2009/075784, PCT/US2009/006442 (or WO 2010/065151) and PCT/US2009/006439 (or WO 2010/065149), comprising the step(s) as described in any of Reactions 1-6 wherein the intermediates are as defined in the respective applications, for example, as defined in WO 2006/133261 or WO 2009/075784. For example, Intermediate (IVc) as defined in WO 2009/075784 is reacted with an amino alcohol and a coupling reagent such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU as described in Reaction 4B to form intermediate of formula (IVe) as defined in WO 2009/075784. Similarly, Intermediate (IVc) as defined in WO 2006/133261 may be reacted with an amino alcohol and a coupling reagent such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU as described in Reaction 4B to form intermediate of formula (IVe) as defined in WO 2006/133261. Compound la as defined in WO 2006/133261 may be reacted with a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I2 and a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours as described in Reaction 6. The resulting product may then be reacted with R - NH2 wherein R6 is as defined in WO 2006/133261 optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd2(pda)3 and a ligand such as xantphos and a base such as potassium carbonate to yield the compound as defined in WO 2006/133261.
[0048] Alternatively, Reactions 1-6 may be performed in different order, e.g., wherein Reaction 6 is performed on intermediate (IVb), e.g., reacting intermediate (IVb) with a halogenating agent such as hexachloroethane, NCS, NBS, I2 and optionally with a base such as LiHMDS in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours. The resulting product may then be reacted with R6-NH2 wherein R6 is as defined in WO 2006/133261 optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd2(pda)3 and a ligand such as xantphos and a base such as potassium carbonate to yield the compound as defined in WO 2006/133261. The resulting product is then deprotected as described in Reaction 2 above. The deprotected product is reacted with an amino alcohol and a coupling reagent such as BOP in the presence of a base such as DBU as described in Reaction 4B followed by the reaction as described in Reaction 5.
Methods of using Compounds of the Invention
[0049] The Compounds of the Invention are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by disruption of or damage to cAMP and cGMP mediated pathways, e.g., as a result of increased expression of PDEl or decreased expression of cAMP and cGMP due to inhibition or reduced levels of inducers of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, such as dopamine and nitric oxide (NO). By preventing the degradation of cAMP and cGMP by PDE1B, thereby increasing intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP, the Compounds of the Invention potentiate the activity of cyclic nucleotide synthesis inducers.
[0050] The invention provides methods of treatment of any one or more of the following conditions:
(i) Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, restless leg tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders;
(ii) Mental disorders, including depression, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar illness, anxiety, sleep disorders, e.g., narcolepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and drug addiction;
(iii) Circulatory and cardiovascular disorders, including cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, and sexual dysfunction;
(iv) Respiratory and inflammatory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; Any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1; and/or
Any disease or condition characterized by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity,
comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the
Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof.
[0051] In an especially preferred embodiment, the invention provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis for narcolepsy. In this embodiment, PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for coadministration with other active agents. Thus, the invention further comprises a method of treating narcolepsy comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of
(i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, and
(ii) a compound to promote wakefulness or regulate sleep, e.g., selected from (a) central nervous system stimulants-amphetamines and amphetamine like compounds, e.g., methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline; (b) modafinil, (c) antidepressants, e.g., tricyclics (including imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, and protriptyline) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including fluoxetine and sertraline); and/or (d) gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).
in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof. The Compounds of the Invention may be used as a sole therapeutic agent or use in combination for co-administered with another active agent.
[0052] In another embodiment, the invention further provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis of a condition which may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof. Disease or condition that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling include, but are not limited to, female sexual dysfunction, secondary amenorrhea (e.g., exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism), pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, for example infertility due to repeated miscarriage, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, autoimmmune disease, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, and hypothyroidism. For example, by enhancing progesterone signaling, the PDE 1 inhibitors may be used to encourage egg implantation through effects on the lining of uterus, and to help maintain pregnancy in women who are prone to miscarriage due to immune response to pregnancy or low progesterone function. The novel PDE 1 inhibitors, e.g., as described herein, may also be useful to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, e.g., administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or
progesterone/progestins in postmenopausal women, and estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. The methods of the invention are also useful for animal breeding, for example to induce sexual receptivity and/or estrus in a nonhuman female mammal to be bred.
[0053] In this embodiment, PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used in the foregoing methods of treatment or prophylaxis as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents, for example in conjunction with hormone replacement therapy. Thus, the invention further comprises a method of treating disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of
(i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, and
(ii) a hormone, e.g., selected from estrogen and estrogen analogues (e.g., estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters) and progesterone and progesterone analogues (e.g., progestins)
in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or animal patient in need thereof.
[0054] The invention also provides a method for enhancing or potentiating dopamine Dl intracellular signaling activity in a cell or tissue comprising contacting said cell or tissue with an amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, sufficient to inhibit PDE1B activity, e.g., PDE1A or PDE1B activity.
[0055] The invention also provides a method for treating a PDEl -related, especially PDElB-related disorder, a dopamine Dl receptor intracellular signaling pathway disorder, or disorders that may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling pathway in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, in that inhibits PDE1B, wherein PDE1B activity modulates phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and/or the GluRl AMPA receptor.
[0056] In another aspect, the invention also provides a method for the treatment for glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure comprising topical administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a phosphodiesterase type I (PDEl) Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in an ophthalmically compatible carrier to the eye of a patient in need thereof. However, treatment may alternatively include a systemic therapy. Systemic therapy includes treatment that can directly reach the bloodstream, or oral methods of administration, for example.
[0057] The invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for topical ophthalmic use comprising a PDEl inhibitor; for example an ophthalmic solution, suspension, cream or ointment comprising a PDEl Inhibitor of the
Invention, in free or ophthalmologically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with an ophthalmologically acceptable diluent or carrier.
[0058] Optionally, the PDEl inhibitor may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with a second drug useful for treatment of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure. Where two active agents are administered, the therapeutically effective amount of each agent may be below the amount needed for activity as monotherapy. Accordingly, a subthreshold amount (i.e., an amount below the level necessary for efficacy as monotherapy) may be considered therapeutically effective and also may also be referred alternatively as an effective amount. Indeed, an advantage of administering different agents with different mechanisms of action and different side effect profiles may be to reduce the dosage and side effects of either or both agents, as well as to enhance or potentiate their activity as monotherapy.
[0059] The invention thus provides the method of treatment of a condition selected from glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount, e.g., a subthreshold amount, of an agent known to lower intraocular pressure concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount, e.g., a subthreshold amount, of a PDEl Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, such that amount of the agent known to lower intraocular pressure and the amount of the PDEl inhibitor in combination are effective to treat the condition.
[0060] In one embodiment, one or both of the agents are administered topically to the eye. Thus the invention provides a method of reducing the side effects of treatment of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure by administering a reduced dose of an agent known to lower intraocular pressure concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor. However, methods other than topical administration, such as systemic therapeutic administration, may also be utilized.
[0061] The optional additional agent or agents for use in combination with a PDEl inhibitor may, for example, be selected from the existing drugs comprise typically of instillation of a prostaglandin, pilocarpine, epinephrine, or topical beta- blocker treatment, e.g. with timolol, as well as systemically administered inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, e.g. acetazolamide. Cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine and echothiopate may also be employed and have an effect similar to that of pilocarpine. Drugs currently used to treat glaucoma thus include, e.g.,
1. Prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost (Xalatan), bimatoprost (Lumigan) and travoprost (Travatan), which increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. Bimatoprost also increases trabecular outflow.
2. Topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as timolol, levobunolol (Betagan), and betaxolol, which decrease aqueous humor production by the ciliary body.
3. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists such as brimonidine (Alphagan), which work by a dual mechanism, decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveo-scleral outflow.
4. Less-selective sympathomimetics like epinephrine and dipivefrin (Propine) increase outflow of aqueous humor through trabecular meshwork and possibly through uveoscleral outflow pathway, probably by a beta2-agonist action. 5. Miotic agents (parasympathomimetics) like pilocarpine work by contraction of the ciliary muscle, tightening the trabecular meshwork and allowing increased outflow of the aqueous humour.
6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like dorzolamide (Trusopt), brinzolamide (Azopt), acetazolamide (Diamox) lower secretion of aqueous humor by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body.
7. Physostigmine is also used to treat glaucoma and delayed gastric emptying.
[0062] For example, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a PDE1 Inhibitor of the Invention and an agent selected from (i) the prostanoids, unoprostone, latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost; (ii) an alpha adrenergic agonist such as brimonidine, apraclonidine, or dipivefrin and (iii) a muscarinic agonist, such as pilocarpine. For example, the invention provides ophthalmic formulations comprising a PDE-1 Inhibitor of the Invention together with bimatoprost, abrimonidine, brimonidine, timolol, or combinations thereof, in free or ophthamalogically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with an ophthamologically acceptable diluent or carrier. In addition to selecting a combination, however, a person of ordinary skill in the art can select an appropriate selective receptor subtype agonist or antagonist. For example, for alpha adrenergic agonist, one can select an agonist selective for an alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, or an agonist selective for an alpha2 adrenergic receptor such as brimonidine, for example. For a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, one can select an antagonist selective for either β1; or β2, or β3, depending on the appropriate therapeutic application. One can also select a muscarinic agonist selective for a particular receptor subtype such as Mj- M5.
[0063] The PDE 1 inhibitor may be administered in the form of an ophthalmic composition, which includes an ophthalmic solution, cream or ointment. The ophthalmic composition may additionally include an intraocular-pressure lowering agent. [0064] In yet another example, the PDE-1 Inhibitors disclosed may be combined with a subthreshold amount of an intraocular pressure-lowering agent which may be a bimatoprost ophthalmic solution, a brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, or brimonidine tartrate/timolol maleate ophthalmic solution.
[0065] In addition to the above-mentioned methods, it has also been surprisingly discovered that PDE1 inhibitors are useful to treat psychosis, for example, any conditions characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, e.g.,
schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, and mania, such as in acute manic episodes and bipolar disorder. Without intending to be bound by any theory, it is believed that typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine primarily have their antagonistic activity at the dopamine D2 receptor. PDE1 inhibitors, however, primarily act to enhance signaling at the dopamine Dl receptor. By enhancing Dl receptor signaling, PDEl inhibitors can increase NMDA receptor function in various brain regions, for example in nucleus accumbens neurons and in the prefrontal cortex. This enhancement of function may be seen for example in NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit, and may occur e.g., via activation of the Src and protein kinase A family of kinases.
[0066] Therefore, the invention provides a new method for the treatment of psychosis, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, and mania, such as in acute manic episodes and bipolar disorder, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDEl) Inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a patient in need thereof.
[0067] PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used in the foregoing methods of treatment prophylaxis as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents. Thus, the invention further comprises a method of treating psychosis, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, or mania, comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of: (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor of the invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form; and
(ii) an antipsychotic, e.g.,
Typical antipsychotics, e.g.,
Butyrophenones, e.g. Haloperidol (Haldol, Serenace), Droperidol (Droleptan);
Phenothiazines, e.g., Chlorpromazine (Thorazine, Largactil), Fluphenazine (Prolixin), Perphenazine (Trilafon),
Prochlorperazine (Compazine), Thioridazine (Mellaril, Melleril), Trifluoperazine (Stelazine), Mesoridazine, Periciazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine (Vesprin),
Levomepromazine (Nozinan), Promethazine (Phenergan), Pimozide (Orap);
Thioxanthenes, e.g., Chlorprothixene, Flupenthixol (Depixol, Fluanxol), Thiothixene (Navane), Zuclopenthixol (Clopixol, Acuphase);
Atypical antipsychotics, e.g.,
Clozapine (Clozaril), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Risperidone
(Risperdal), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Ziprasidone (Geodon), Amisulpride (Solian), Paliperidone (Invega), Aripiprazole (Abilify), Bifeprunox; norclozapine,
in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a patient in need thereof.
[0068] In a particular embodiment, the Compounds of the Invention are particularly useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of schizophrenia.
[0069] Compounds of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, are particularly useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, narcolepsy, glaucoma and female sexual dysfunction.
[0070] In still another aspect, the invention provides a method of lengthening or enhancing growth of the eyelashes by administering an effective amount of a prostaglandin analogue, e.g., bimatoprost, concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to the eye of a patient in need thereof.
[0071] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of traumatic brain injury comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a PDEl inhibitor of the invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a patient in need thereof. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses primary injury as well as secondary injury, including both focal and diffuse brain injuries. Secondary injuries are multiple, parallel, interacting and interdependent cascades of biological reactions arising from discrete subcellular processes (e.g., toxicity due to reactive oxygen species, overstimulation of glutamate receptors, excessive influx of calcium and inflammatory upregulation) which are caused or exacerbated by the inflammatory response and progress after the initial (primary) injury. Abnormal calcium homeostasis is believed to be a critical component of the progression of secondary injury in both grey and white matter. For a review of TBI, see Park et al., CMAJ (2008) 178(9): 1163-1170, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety. Studies have shown that the cAMP- PKA signaling cascade is downregulated after TBI and treatment of PDE IV inhibitors such as rolipram to raise or restore cAMP level improves histopathological outcome and decreases inflammation after TBI. As Compounds of the present invention is a PDEl inhibitor, it is believed that these compounds are also useful for the treatment of TBI, e.g., by restoring cAMP level and/or calcium homeostasis after traumatic brain injury.
The present invention also provides
a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1- 1.111 , as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for example for use in any method or in the treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth, the use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth, (iii) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, and
(iv) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier for use in the treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth.
[0073] Therefore, the invention provides use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., any of Formulae I-VIII or 1.1-1.111, as hereinbefore described, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, or a Compound of the Invention in a pharmaceutical composition form, (the manufacture of a medicament) for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of the following diseases: Parkinson's disease, restless leg tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders; depression, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar illness, anxiety, sleep disorder, narcolepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and/or drug addiction; cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, and/or sexual dysfunction; asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; and/or female sexual dysfunction, exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms,
hypothyroidism, pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, irregular menstmal cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma; and/or any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1, and/or by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity; and/or any disease or condition that may be ameliorated by the enhancement of progesterone signaling.
[0074] The invention also provides use of a Compound of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, (the manufacture of a medicament) for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of:
a) glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure,
b) psychosis, for example, any conditions characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, and mania, such as in acute manic episodes and bipolar disorder, or
c) traumatic brain injury.
[0075] The phrase "Compounds of the Invention" or "PDE 1 inhibitors of the Invention" encompasses any and all of the compounds disclosed herewith, e.g., an optionally substituted:
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine,
• 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- one,
· 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- thione,
• 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- imine,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine, · 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-one,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-thione,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine- 4(5H)-imine,
• any of Formulae I- VIII or 1.1-1.111,
in free or (pharmaceutically) salt form. [0076] The words "treatment" and "treating" are to be understood accordingly as embracing prophylaxis and treatment or amelioration of symptoms of disease as well as treatment of the cause of the disease.
[0077] For methods of treatment, the word "effective amount" is intended to encompass a therapeutically effective amount to treat a specific disease or disorder.
[0078] The term "pulmonary hypertension" is intended to encompass pulmonary arterial hypertension.
[0079] The term "patient" include human or non-human (i.e., animal) patient. In particular embodiment, the invention encompasses both human and nonhuman. In another embodiment, the invention encompasses nonhuman. In other embodiment, the term encompasses human.
[0080] The term "comprising" as used in this disclosure is intended to be open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
[0081] Compounds of the Invention are in particular useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, narcolepsy and female sexual dysfunction.
[0082] Compounds of the Invention, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents. For example, as Compounds of the Invention potentiate the activity of Dl agonists, such as dopamine, they may be simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administered with conventional dopaminergic medications, such as levodopa and levodopa adjuncts (carbidopa, COMT inhibitors, MAO-B inhibitors), dopamine agonists, and anticholinergics, e.g., in the treatment of a patient having Parkinson's disease. In addition, the novel PDE 1 inhibitors, e.g., as described herein, may also be administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or
progesterone/progestins to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy or treatment of estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma.
[0083] Dosages employed in practicing the present invention will of course vary depending, e.g. on the particular disease or condition to be treated, the particular Compound of the Invention used, the mode of administration, and the therapy desired. Compounds of the Invention may be administered by any suitable route, including orally, parenterally, transdermally, or by inhalation, but are preferably administered orally. In general, satisfactory results, e.g. for the treatment of diseases as hereinbefore set forth are indicated to be obtained on oral administration at dosages of the order from about 0.01 to 2.0 mg/kg. In larger mammals, for example humans, an indicated daily dosage for oral administration will accordingly be in the range of from about 0.75 to 150 mg, conveniently administered once, or in divided doses 2 to 4 times, daily or in sustained release form. Unit dosage forms for oral administration thus for example may comprise from about 0.2 to 75 or 150 mg, e.g. from about 0.2 or 2.0 to 50, 75 or 100 mg of a Compound of the Invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
[0084] Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Compounds of the Invention may be prepared using conventional diluents or excipients and techniques known in the galenic art. Thus oral dosage forms may include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions and the like.
EXAMPLES
The synthetic methods for various Compounds of the Present Invention are illustrated below. Other compounds of the Invention and their salts may be made using the methods as similarly described below and/or by methods similar to those generally described in the detailed description and by methods known in the chemical art.
Example 1
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -5-methyl-3-phenoxy-2-(4-(lH- pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000062_0001
(a) 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione
[0085] A suspension of 7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (667 mg, 2.33 mmol), l-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)- lH-pyrazole (552 mg, 2.33 mmol) and K2C03 (644 mg, 4.66 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) is stirred at room temperature overnight. Solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue is treated with methylene chloride (400 mL), and then washed with water three times. The organic phase is evaporated to dryness to give l.Og of crude product, which is used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m z 443.2 [M+H]+.
(b) 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione
[0086] TFA (3.0 mL) is added into a suspension of 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l- yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-
4,6(5H,7H)-dione (1.0 g, 2.3 mmol) in methylene chloride (6 mL) to give a tan solution, and then TFMSA (0.85 mL) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight, and then diluted with 100 mL of methylene chloride, followed by adding 50 mL of water to precipitate product out of solution. After filtration, the obtained solids are washed with water twice, and then dried under vacuum to give the first crop of crude product. The organic phase in the filtrate is washed with water twice, and then evaporated to remove solvents to the second crop of crude product. The obtained crude product is combined (0.94 g in total) and is used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z 323.1 [M+H]+.
(c) 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-6-((lR,2R)-2- hydroxycyclopentylamino)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin- 4(5H)-one
[0087] DBU (1.2 mL, 7.9 mmol) is added into a suspension of crude 2-(4- (lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione TFMSA salt (620 mg, 1.3 mmol) and BOP (1.7g, 3.9 mmol) in THF (12 mL) to give a yellow solution. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 min„ and then (lR,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanol hydrochloride (542 mg, 3.9 mmol) is added . The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After removal of solvent, the residue is treated with methylene chloride, and then washed with saturated NaHCC>3 aqueous solution three times. The organic phase is evaporated to dryness to give 2.1g salt-containing crude product, which is used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z 406.2 [M+H]+.
(d) (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l- yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin- 4(2H)-one
[0088] Thionyl chloride (180 [iL, 2.47 mmol) is added dropwise to a solution of crude 2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-6-((lR,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentylamino)-5- methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (2.0 g, 4.9 mmol) in DMF (10 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 min. DMF is removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue is treated with methylene chloride (200 mL), and then washed with 5% NaHC03 aqueous solution three times (3 x 80 mL). The organic phase is evaporated to dryness to give l.lg crude product, which is used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z 388.2 [M+H]+. (e) (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3-chloro-5-methyl-2-(4-(lH- pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
[0089] 1.0M LiHMDS (4.25 mL, 4.25 mml) in THF is added dropwise into a solution of crude (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-2-(4-(lH-pyrazol-l- yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (1.1 g) and hexachloroethane (403 mg, 1.7 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 min, and then diluted with methylene chloride (130 mL), followed by washing with water four times (4 x 50 mL). The organic phase is evaporated to dryness to give 754mg of crude product with 84% purity, which is used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/z 422.2 [M+H]+. (f) (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -5-methyl-3-phenoxy-2-(4-(lH- pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
[0090] Crude (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3-chloro-5-methyl-2-(4- (lH^yrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin- 4(2H)-one (50 mg), phenol (45 mg, 0.47 mmol) and Cs2C03 (77 mg, 0.24 mmol) are placed in a microwave vial, and then dioxane (1 mL) is added. The vial is sealed and heated in a Biotage microwave instrument at 130 °C for 40 min. The reaction mixture is then purified with a semi -preparative HPLC to give llmg of product as off-white solid (purity: 97%). MS (ESI) m/z 480.2 [M+H]+.
Example 2
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-2-(4- (pyridin2-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-o
Figure imgf000065_0001
[0091] The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 2-(4- (chloromethyl)phenyl)pyridine is added in step (a) instead of l-(4- (bromomethyl)phenyl)-lH-pyrazole; and 4-fluorophenol is added in step (f) instead of phenol. MS (ESI) m/z 509.2 [M+H]+
Example 3
7,8-dihydro-5,7,7-trimethyl-3-phenoxy-2-(4-(6-Fluoro-pyridin-2-yl)- benzyl)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000066_0001
[0092] The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 2-(4- (chloromethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine is added in step (a) instead of l-(4- (bromomethyl)phenyl)-lH-pyrazole; and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-l-ol is added in step (c) instead of (lR,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanol hydrochloride. MS (ESI) m/z 497.2 [M+H]+
Example 4
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -5-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(4- (lH-pyrazol-l-yl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-on
Figure imgf000066_0002
[0093] The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 4- fluorophenol is added in step (f) instead of phenol. MS (ESI) m/z 498.3 [M+H]+
Example 5
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-(cyclohexyloxy)-5-methyl-2-(4-(6- fluoro-pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000067_0001
[0094] (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-chloro-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoro- pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4 -e]pyrimidin-4(2H)- one (25 mg, 0.055 mmol), cyclohexanol (0.5 mL) and CS2CO3 (27 mg, 0.083 mmol) are placed in a microwave vial. The vial is sealed and heated in a Biotage microwave instrument at 140 °C for an hour. The reaction mixture is then purified with a semi- preparative HPLC to give 14mg of product as white solids (purity: 98%). MS (ESI) m/z 515.2 [M+H]+.
Example 6
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-(cyclopentyloxy)-5-methyl-2-(4-(6- fluoro-pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000067_0002
[0095] The synthesis method is analogous to Example 5 wherein
cyclopentanol is added instead of cyclohexanol. MS (ESI) m/z 501.3 [M+H]+
Example 7 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-isobutoxy-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoro- pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000068_0001
[0096] The synthesis method is analogous to Example 5 wherein 2- methylpropan-l-ol is added instead of cyclohexanol. MS (ESI) m/z 489.3 [M+H]+
Example 8
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-isopropoxy-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoro pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000068_0002
[0097] The synthesis method is analogous to Example 5 wherein propan-2-ol is added instead of cyclohexanol. MS (ESI) m/z 475.2 [M+H]+
Example 9 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-phenoxy-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoro- pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000069_0001
[0098] (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-chloro-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoro- pyridin-2-yl)-berizyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)- one (26 mg, 0.058 mmol), phenol (10.8 mg, 0.12 mmol) and K2C03 (24 mg, 0.17 mmol) are placed in a microwave vial, and then dioxane (0.5 mL) is added. The vial is sealed and heated in a Biotage microwave instrument at 150 °C for three hours. The reaction mixture is then purified with a semi -preparative HPLC to give 21mg of product as white solids (purity: 98.6%). MS (ESI) m/z 509.2 [M+H]+.
Example 10
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-2-(4-(6- fluoro-pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000069_0002
[0099] The synthesis method is analogous to Example 9 wherein 4- fluorophenol is added instead of phenol. MS (ESI) m/z 527.2 [M+H] + Example 11
(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro -3-(3-chlorophenoxy)-5-methyl-2-(4-(6- fluoro-pyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
Figure imgf000070_0001
[0101] The synthesis method is analogous to Example 9 wherein 3- chlorophenol is added instead of phenol. MS (ESI) m/z 543.2 [M+H]+
EXAMPLE 12
Measurement of PDE1B inhibition in vitro using IMAP Phosphodiesterase Assay Kit
[0102] Phosphodiesterase IB (PDE1B) is a calcium/calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase enzyme that converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP). PDE1B can also convert a modified cGMP substrate, such as the fluorescent molecule cGMP-fluorescein, to the corresponding GMP-fluorescein. The generation of GMP-fluorescein from cGMP-fluorescein can be quantitated, using, for example, the IMAP (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) immobilized-metal affinity particle reagent.
[0103] Briefly, the IMAP reagent binds with high affinity to the free 5' - phosphate that is found in GMP-fluorescein and not in cGMP-fluorescein. The resulting GMP-fluorescein - IMAP complex is large relative to cGMP-fluorescein. Small fluorophores that are bound up in a large, slowly tumbling, complex can be distinguished from unbound fluorophores, because the photons emitted as they fluoresce retain the same polarity as the photons used to excite the fluorescence.
[0104] In the phosphodiesterase assay, cGMP-fluorescein, which cannot be bound to IMAP, and therefore retains little fluorescence polarization, is converted to GMP-fluorescein, which, when bound to IMAP, yields a large increase in fluorescence polarization (Amp). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, therefore, is detected as a decrease in Amp.
[0105] Enzyme assay
Materials: All chemicals are available from Sigma- Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) except for IMAP reagents (reaction buffer, binding buffer, FL-GMP and
IMAP beads), which are available from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, CA).
Assay: 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide-specific bovine brain phosphodiesterase
(Sigma, St. Louis, MO) is reconstituted with 50% glycerol to 2.5 U/ml. One unit of enzyme will hydrolyze 1.0 μηιοΐε of 3',5'-cAMP to 5'-AMP per min at pH 7.5 at 30°C. One part enzyme is added to 1999 parts reaction buffer (30 μΜ CaCl2, 10 U/ml of calmodulin (Sigma P2277), lOmM Tris-HCl pH 7.2, lOmM MgCl2, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% NaN3) to yield a final concentration of 1.25mU/ml. 99 μΐ of diluted enzyme solution is added into each well in a flat bottom 96-well polystyrene plate to which 1 μΐ of test compound dissolved in 100% DMSO is added. Selected Compounds of the Invention are mixed and pre-incubated with the enzyme for 10 min at room temperature.
[0106] The FL-GMP conversion reaction is initiated by combining 4 parts enzyme and inhibitor mix with 1 part substrate solution (0.225 μΜ) in a 384-well microtiter plate. The reaction is incubated in dark at room temperature for 15 min. The reaction is halted by addition of 60 μΐ of binding reagent (1:400 dilution of IMAP beads in binding buffer supplemented with 1:1800 dilution of antifoam) to each well of the 384-well plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 1 hour to allow IMAP binding to proceed to completion, and then placed in an Envision multimode microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT) to measure the fluorescence polarization (Amp). [0107] A decrease in GMP concentration, measured as decreased Amp, is indicative of inhibition of PDE activity. IC50 values are determined by measuring enzyme activity in the presence of 8 to 16 concentrations of compound ranging from 0.0037 nM to 80,000 nM and then plotting drug concentration versus ΔιηΡ, which allows IC50 values to be estimated using nonlinear regression software (XLFit; IDBS, Cambridge, MA).
[0108] The Compounds of the Invention may be selected and tested in an assay as described or similarly described herein for PDEl inhibitory activity. The exemplified compounds of the invention generally have IC50 values of less than or equal to ΙΟΟηΜ, some less than ΙΟηΜ, some less than InM, against PDE1A and/or PDE IB.
Example 13
PDEl inhibitor effect on sexual response in female rats
[0109] The effect of PDEl inhibitors on Lordosis Response in female rats may be measured as described in Mani, et al., Science (2000) 287: 1053.
Ovariectomized and cannulated wild-type rats are primed with 2 μg estrogen followed 24 hours later by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of progesterone (2 μg), PDEl inhibitors of the present invention (O.lmg, l.Omg or 2.5mg) or sesame oil vehicle (control). The rats may be tested for lordosis response in the presence of male rats. Lordosis response is quantified by the lordosis quotient (LQ = number of lordosis/10 mounts x 100).

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A compound selected from optionally substituted 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(optionally 4- oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l ,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine or
4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-(lH or 2H)- pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine compounds, in free or salt form.
2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from any one of the following:
• 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine,
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- one,
• 4,5,7, 8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- thione,
• 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(lH or 2H)-imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-4(5H)- imine,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine- 4(5H)-one,
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidine-
4(5H)-thione, and
• 4,5,7, 8,9-pentahydro-(lH or 2H)-pyrimido[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrirnidine-
4(5H)-imine,
in free or salt form.
3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said compound is a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000074_0001
Formula I
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R4 is H or
Figure imgf000074_0002
(e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are, independently:
H,
Ci_6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl), aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylC1_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a
3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetra- methylene
bridge,
(pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
(v) R5 is
d) -D-E-F, wherein:
D is a single bond, C^alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l-ylene) or -C(=0)-; E is a single bond, d^alkylene (e.g., methylene, -C≡C-), arylene (e.g., phenylene),
Figure imgf000075_0001
(e.g., benzylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene); and
F is
H,
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1 -yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l- yi),
halo (e.g., F, Br, CI),
Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl),
haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloCi4alkoxy,
Ci4alkoxy (e.g., methoxy),
Figure imgf000075_0002
-S(0)2R21,
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example,
pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3-yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-
4-yl or morpholinyl);
wherein D, E and F are independently and optionally
substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., F, CI or Br),
Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl),
haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), and
C14alkoxy (methoxy),
for example, F is heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2- yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-1- yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl) optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo and Ci-6alkyl (e.g., 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl-imidazol- 2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid- 2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl), or F is aryl, e.g., phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl);
or F is a C3_7heterocycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl) optionally substituted with a Ci_6alkyl (e.g., l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl);
a substituted heteroaryl ^alkyl, e.g., substituted with haloCi- 4alkyl; attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula I and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000076_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R§, R , Rn and R12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), -Ci4alkyl- N(R22)( 23) (e.g., aminomethyl, isopropylaminomethyl or isobutylaminomethyl), or -Ci-4alkyl-heterC3-8cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-l-ylmethyl), and R]0 is:
hydrogen,
halogen (chloro or flouro),
Ci4alkyl, haloC^alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
haloC^alkoxy (e.g., trifluoromethoxy),
Ci4alkoxy,
C3-7cycloalkyl,
hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyiTolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl),
Ci4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
arylcarbonyl (e.g., benzoyl),
Ci4alkylsulfonyl (e.g., methylsulfonyl),
aminosulfonyl (e.g., -S(0)2-N(Ri8)(Ri9),
heteroarylcarbonyl,
Ci4alkylcarbonyl (e.g., methylcarbonyl),
Ci4alkoxycarbonyl, (e.g., -C(0)OCH3),
-C(0)OH,
haloC^alkoxycarbony (e.g., trifluoromethylcarbonyl), -C(0)N(R18)(R19), or
-C14alkyl-N(R18)(Ri9) (e.g., methylaminomethyl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , Ci4alkoxy, Ci4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH;
For example, R]0 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl oxadiazolyl pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F or CI), C^alkyl (e.g., methyl or prop-2-yn-l-yl) , C14alkoxy, d. 4haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl) and -SH, e.g. optionally substituted with halo or C1-4alkyl, for example Rio is 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl, piperidin-2-yl, l-ethylpiperidin-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, l-methylimidazol-2-yl, halopyridyl (for example 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl),
provided that when X, Y, or Z is nitrogen, R8, R9, or R10, respectively, is not present;
(vi) R6 is
Ci lkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), or
arylCi4alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl,
Ci-6alkoxy and C3-8cycloalkyl, for example, R6 is 3- chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
(vii) n = 0 or l;
(viii) when n=l, A is -C(R13R14)-, wherein R13 and R]4j are, independently, H, C1-4alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi4alkoxy or
(optionally hetero)arylCi4alkyl or R13 or R14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(ix) Ri5 is C^alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloCi4alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), - OH, -OC^alkyl (e.g., -OCH3), aryl (e.g., phenyl) or -N(R16)(Ri7); (x) Ri6 and R17 are independently H or
Figure imgf000078_0001
(xi) Ri8 and R19 are independently
H,
Chalky,
C3-8cycloalkyl,
heteroC3_scycloalkyl,
aryl (e.g., phenyl), or
heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more group selected from:
halo (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl
2-hydroxyphenyl),
Ci_6alkyl,
haloCi_6alkyl,
Ci-6alkoxy,
aryl,
heteroaryl, and
C3_scycloalkyl;
(xii) R2o is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl;
(xiii) R2i is Ci-6alkyl (e.g., methyl) or -N(Ri8)( 19);
(xiv) R22 and R23 are independently H or Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl), in free or salt form.
4. The compound according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said compound is selected form any one of the following
A) a Compound of Formula II:
Figure imgf000079_0001
Formula II
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or Ci^alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl); (iv) R4 is H or Ci^alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are, independently:
H,
Ci-6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and
R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl), aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkoxy, or
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
(v) R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein
D is Ci_4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene); and
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Chalky 1 (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl,
5-fluoropyrid-2-yl,
6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or
b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula II and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000081_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R§, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H, halogen (e.g., CI or F), and Rio is C _ 7cycloalkyl, hetC3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci_ 4alkyl, for example Rio is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3- fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4- fluorophenyl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
R6 is
Ci alkyl (e.g., isopropyl or isobutyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl, for example, R6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl;
(vii) n = 0 or 1 ;
(viii) when n=l, A is -C(R13R14)-, wherein R]3 and R , are, independently, H or
Figure imgf000082_0001
aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi_
4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylC14alkyl or R13 or R14 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(ix) R20 is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3_7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form.
B) a compound of Formula III: 6
Figure imgf000082_0002
Formula III
wherein
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R20))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) Ri is H or (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R4 is H or
Figure imgf000082_0003
(e.g., methyl, isopropyl) and R2 and R3 are,
independently:
H, C1-6alkyl (e.g., methyl or isopropyl) optionally substituted with halo or hydroxy (e.g., R2 and R3 are both methyl, or R2 is H and R3 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxy ethyl),
aryl,
heteroaryl,
(optionally hetero)arylC i _6alkoxy ,
(optionally hetero)arylCi_6alkyl, or
R2 and R3 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a
3- to 6-membered ring; or
R2 is H and R3 and R4 together form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R3 and R4 together have the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R3 and R4 have the R and S configurations, respectively);
R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein
D is Ci_4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene); and
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Ci_6alkyl (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula III and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000084_0001
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and Rs, R9, Ru and R12 are independently H or halogen (e.g., CI or F), and R^ is C3. 7cycloalkyl, hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI) or Ci4alkyl;
R6 is:
Ci_4alkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), hydroxy or Ci_6alkyl, for example, R6 is 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
n = 0 or 1;
when n=l, A is -C(R13R14)-, wherein R]3 and R14j are, independently, H or
Figure imgf000084_0002
aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylCi_ 4alkoxy,(optionally hetero)arylC14alkyl or R]3 or R]4 can form a di-, tri- or tetramethylene bridge with R2 or R4;
(xii) R20 is H,
Figure imgf000085_0001
(e.g., methyl) or C3-7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form.
C) a compound of Formula IV:
Figure imgf000085_0002
Formula IV
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=S)-, -C(=N(R2o))-, -C(=0)- or CH2;
(ii) L is a -0-;
(iii) R] is H or
Figure imgf000085_0003
(e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is
a) -D-E-F, wherein
D is Ci_4alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or prop-2-yn-l- ylene);
E is arylene (e.g., phenylene);
F is aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, diazolyl, tnazolyl, for example, pyrid-2-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrazol-1- yl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), C3-7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl), or heteroC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl (for example, pyrrolidin-l-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-3- yl), piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-
4-yl or morpholinyl), wherein F is optionally substituted with one or more halo or Chalky 1 (e.g., F is 4-methyl- imidazol-l-yl, l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or 1- methylpiperidin-2-yl) ;
or
b) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula IV and is a moiety of Formula A
0
Figure imgf000086_0001
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R8, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H or halogen (e.g., CI or F), and Ri0 is C3_ 7cycloalkyl, hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), or heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid- 4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl), wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), Ci- 4alkyl;
R6 is:
Ci-4alkyl (e.g., isopropyl),
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl), wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy or C^aUcyl, for example, R is 3-ctilorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
(xiii) R20 is H, C^alkyl (e.g., methyl) or C3-7cycloalkyl,
in free or salt form.
D) a compound of
Figure imgf000087_0001
Formula V
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) R] is Q^alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula V and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000087_0002
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and Rs, R9, Rn and R12 are independently H, and R^ is: hetC3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, for example piperidin-2-yl or pyrrolidin-2-yl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl), or
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl (e.g., imidazol-l-yl or pyrazol-l-yl), triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl), tetrazolyl or oxodiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxodiazol-3-yl),
wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are independently and optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F or CI), C]_ 4alkyl, for example Rio is 4-methyl-imidazol-l-yl, 1- methyl-imidazol-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-
2- yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4,6- dichloropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 1-methylpyrrolidin-
3- yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
Re is
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl),
heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl, for example, R6 is isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl, or salt form.
E) a compound of Formula VI:
Figure imgf000089_0001
Formula VI
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) R] is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VI and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000089_0002
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R§, R9, Rn and R]2 are independently H, and R10 is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) Re is
C3_7cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl),
aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, for example, pyrid-4-yl),
arylC^alkyl (e.g., benzyl),
wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, CI), hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3- scycloalkyl,
for example, R6 is cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form.
F) a compound of Formula VII:
Figure imgf000090_0001
Formula VII
wherein:
Q is -C(=0)-;
L is -0-;
Ri is Ci-4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VI and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000090_0002
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R§, R9, Rn and R]2 are independently H, and R10 is selected from piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-2-yl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-2-yl), pyridyl (for example pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl), diazolyl (e.g., pyrazol-l-yl), 6- fluoropyrid-2-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin- 2-yl, 1-ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form.
G) a compound of
Figure imgf000091_0001
Formula VIII
wherein:
(i) Q is -C(=0)-;
(ii) L is -0-;
(iii) R] is Ci_4alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl);
(iv) R5 is attached to one of the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazolo portion of Formula VIII and is a moiety of Formula A
Figure imgf000092_0001
R9
Formula A
wherein X, Y and Z are C, and R8, R9, Rn and R]2 are
independently H, and Rio is pyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 1- methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, l-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1- ethylpiperidin-l-yl or l-methylpiperidin-2-yl;
(v) R6 is phenyl or 4-fluorophenyl,
in free or salt form.
The Compound according to any of claims 3-4, wherein Rio is selected from any of 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl, in free or salt form.
The Compound according to any of claims 1-5, wherein said compound selected from any of the following:
Figure imgf000093_0001
92
Figure imgf000094_0001
in free or salt form.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any of claims 1-6, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
8. A method of treating any of the following conditions: Parkinson's disease, restless leg tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, drug-induced movement disorders, depression, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar illness, anxiety, sleep disorder, narcolepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, drug addiction, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, sexual dysfunction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; female sexual dysfunction, exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism, pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma, any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1, and/or by reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity, any disease or condition that may be ameliorated by the enhancement of progesterone signaling, psychosis, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, mania, such as in acute manic episodes bipolar disorder, traumatic brain injury; comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1-6, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, to a patient in need of such treatment.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the condition is Parkinson's disease.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the condition is cognitive impairment.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the condition is narcolepsy.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising administering a compound or
compounds selected from central nervous system stimulants, modafinil, antidepressants, and gamma hydroxybutyrate, to a patient in need thereof.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein said condition is female sexual dysfunction.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising administering a compound or
compounds selected from a group consisting of estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters, progesterone and progestins to a patient in need thereof.
15. A method for the treatment of treatment for glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure comprising topical administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any of claims 1-6, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in an ophthalmically compatible carrier to the eye of a patient in need thereof.
16. The method according to claim 8, wherein the condition is traumatic brain injury.
17. A method for lengthening or enhancing growth of the eyelashes by administering an effective amount of a prostaglandin analogue, e.g., bimatoprost, concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a compound according to any of claims 1-6, in free or salt form.
18. Use of the Compound according to any of claims 1-6, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7 (the manufacture of a medicament) for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of any of the condition as described in claim 8-17.
19. Use of a prostaglandin analogue, e.g., bimatoprost, concomitantly, simultaneously or sequentially with an effective amount of a compound according to any of claims 1-6, in free or salt form, for lengthening or enhancing growth of the eyelashes.
20. A pharmaceutical comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1-6, in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, in combination or association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier for use in the treatment of any disease or conditionas described in any one of claims 8-17.
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EP2576550A4 (en) 2013-11-27
US9556185B2 (en) 2017-01-31
JP5879335B2 (en) 2016-03-08
US20130085123A1 (en) 2013-04-04
EP2576550A1 (en) 2013-04-10
TW201206937A (en) 2012-02-16
EP2576550B1 (en) 2016-05-11
JP2013530956A (en) 2013-08-01

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