WO2011150786A1 - 伸缩式潜水艇 - Google Patents

伸缩式潜水艇 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011150786A1
WO2011150786A1 PCT/CN2011/074845 CN2011074845W WO2011150786A1 WO 2011150786 A1 WO2011150786 A1 WO 2011150786A1 CN 2011074845 W CN2011074845 W CN 2011074845W WO 2011150786 A1 WO2011150786 A1 WO 2011150786A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
submarine
hull
piston
wedge
telescopic
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/074845
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈家山
Original Assignee
Chen Jiashan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chen Jiashan filed Critical Chen Jiashan
Priority to US13/701,456 priority Critical patent/US8733267B2/en
Priority to CA2801273A priority patent/CA2801273C/en
Priority to CN2011800228027A priority patent/CN102917946A/zh
Publication of WO2011150786A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011150786A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14Control of attitude or depth
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B2001/045Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with means for actively varying hull shape or configuration, e.g. for varying hydrodynamic characteristics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2221/00Methods and means for joining members or elements
    • B63B2221/20Joining substantially rigid elements together by means that allow one or more degrees of freedom, e.g. hinges, articulations, pivots, universal joints, telescoping joints, elastic expansion joints, not otherwise provided for in this class
    • B63B2221/24Joining substantially rigid elements together by means that allow one or more degrees of freedom, e.g. hinges, articulations, pivots, universal joints, telescoping joints, elastic expansion joints, not otherwise provided for in this class by means that allow one or more degrees of translational freedom, e.g. telescopic joints, not otherwise provided for in this class
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/22Adjustment of buoyancy by water ballasting; Emptying equipment for ballast tanks

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the category of marine products, and relates to a submarine which can sail on the surface of the water and under water, and the amount of water discharged is equal to the amount of underwater displacement. Background technique
  • Its shape is a shape with little water resistance, such as a drop shape, and the water tank between the two layers controls the ups and downs of the submarine.
  • the non-pressure shell can also resist the attack of underwater weapons such as deep water bombs to some extent.
  • modern submarines have been developed to perfection, but there are still some shortcomings, such as small load capacity and cabin capacity, and complex structure.
  • the displacement is larger than when it is on the water surface. Therefore, the water resistance has also increased, and with a large tank of water, the underwater mobility is thus poor, so the use of modern submarines is limited, generally used as an offensive weapon. Summary of the invention
  • a telescopic submarine which is a submarine of a single-layer pressure-resistant casing structure, generally a small submarine capable of navigating on the surface of the water and underwater, and having a water surface displacement equal to that of the underwater displacement.
  • the structure and operation are relatively simple, the cabin capacity is large, the water resistance during sneak is small, and the utility is wider.
  • the telescopic submarine is composed of a front hull 1, a rear hull 2 and a lifting tower 3, characterized in that the front hull 1 is composed of a hemispherical raft 4, a cylindrical front hull.
  • the annular piston 14 is formed by a tapered boat 15 connected to the rear end of the rear hull 13 and a wedge-shaped keel 16 connected to the lower portion of the rear hull 13.
  • the cross-sectional area of the wedge-shaped keel 16 is slightly smaller than that of the wedge-shaped keel 6.
  • the outer surface of the piston 14 is fitted with a piston ring 17, the inner surface is embedded with a piston ring 18, the piston 14 is slidably engaged with the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the boat 15 is provided with a propeller 19, a horizontal rudder 20 and a vertical rudder 21, lifting
  • the top of the tower 3 is provided with an externally threaded sealing door 22.
  • the front hull 1, the rear hull 2 and the lifting pedestal 3 are separately manufactured to complete the habitat, and the front hull 1 and the rear hull 2 are combined and the sea can be tested.
  • the piston 14 When sailing on the surface of the water, the piston 14 is located at the end of the hydraulic cylinder 7, that is, near the limit ring 8, so that the telescopic submarine has the longest length and the maximum buoyancy.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 7 is filled with hydraulic oil.
  • the cylinder near the limit ring 8 is thin, since the submarine is at the sea surface, the oil pressure in the cylinder is small, so the cylinder strength is not affected.
  • the horizontal rudder 20 can be operated under the push of the propeller 19.
  • the horizontal rudder is first operated to raise the submarine to the sea surface, and then hydraulic oil is pumped into the hydraulic cylinder 7 via the hydraulic pump 11, so that the piston 14 moves backward, and the telescopic submarine floats out of the water quietly. If it is necessary to rise quickly in an emergency, hydraulic oil can be pumped into the cylinder while the horizontal rudder 20 is being operated, so that the piston 14 moves backwards, but cannot cross the red line, that is, the piston 14 is not allowed to be thin in the deep water. The location, otherwise the submarine will have an accident.
  • the pressure in the cylinder 7 in the deep water is about 10 MPa. Since the cylinder 7 has a ring shape, it is most resistant to pressure, and it is safe as long as it has a sufficient thickness. However, the diameter of the cylinder 7 is substantially equal to the diameter of the hull. When the diameter of the hull is increased, the diameter of the cylinder 7 is also increased, and the curvature is reduced. If the thickness of the cylinder is constant, the strength thereof is decreased. This is why telescopic submarines can only be medium and small submarines.
  • the telescopic submarine can sneak underwater, just adjust the stroke of the piston 14, which means that the telescopic submarine can still sneak back after unloading.
  • a plurality of watertight portholes may be arranged on both sides of the front hull 5 and the rear hull body 13, and the porthole glass is made of laminated glass.
  • the telescopic submarine can be driven by electric power or diesel, and the snorkel extends from the upper portion of the rear hull 13 when driven by the diesel engine and in a snorkel state.
  • the control room is located in the boat 4, the navigation device, the sonar device is also installed here, and the periscope is from the front hull 5 upper part is extended.
  • Hydraulic tanks 12 fresh water tanks, diesel tanks and battery compartments can be placed under the main deck 23 of the telescopic submarine.
  • the wedge keel 6 and the wedge keel 16 can be eliminated. Instead, the anti-swaying fins are installed on both sides of the front hull 5 and the rear hull 13.
  • the invention is a single-layer pressure-resistant shell structure, and has no suction and drainage device. Compared with the double-shell submarine, the structure is relatively simple and the cabin capacity is also large.
  • the invention can complete the work of sinking, floating and load adjustment as long as the valve 10 and the hydraulic pump 11 are operated, and the operation is relatively simple.
  • the water surface displacement and the underwater displacement of the invention are equal, and there is no prominent tower when sailing underwater, so the resistance is small when the sneak is performed, and the mobility is also good.
  • the main uses of the invention are:
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the telescopic submarine when it is on the water
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the telescopic submarine when it is underwater under no load
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hydraulic cylinder
  • Figure 4 is a direction view of the hydraulic cylinder shown in Figure 3
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston
  • Figure 6 is a B-direction view of the piston shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is an assembly diagram of the hydraulic cylinder and the piston.
  • An electric-powered telescopic submarine with a maximum depth of 100m (the central axis of the hull).
  • the hull is cylindrical and has a diameter of 4m.
  • the front hull is 5m long, the hydraulic cylinder is 10m long, and the rear hull is 15m long.
  • the boat is 2m long, the boat is 3m long and has a total length of 35m.
  • the lifting tower is located in the middle of the front hull, 2.1m high and 1.6m in diameter. When the boat sneaked under the air, the rear hull had 10m into the hydraulic cylinder, and the total length was shortened to 25m.
  • the boat is made of X-80 steel plate with a yield strength of 512 MPa produced by China Capital Iron and Steel Company.
  • the thickness of the steel plate used for the boat raft, the boat raft, the front hull and the rear hull is 20mm, and the annular hydraulic cylinder outer cylinder plate The thickness is 44mm, the inner cylinder plate is 46mm thick, the inner and outer cylinders are 120mm apart, and the in-cylinder pressure is 8.33MPa at the ultimate depth.
  • the marine steel plate has a total weight of 136.1T, the hydraulic oil in the boat is 16T, plus the lifting tower, rudder series, wedge-shaped keel, etc.
  • the total weight of the hull is 202T, and the displacement of the boat at no load is 299.7T, that is, 97.7T displacement is used to arrange the relevant equipment in the boat.
  • the maximum load capacity of the boat when it sneaked underwater was 107T
  • the maximum tank capacity was 242m 3
  • the maximum effluent volume was 18.8m 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Description

说 明 书 伸缩式潜水艇
技术领域
本发明属于船舶产品范畴, 涉及一种可在水面和水下航行, 水上排水量 与水下排水量相等的潜水艇。 背景技术
据记载, 最早的潜水艇在美国独立战争时期就出现了, 历经两百多年的 发展, 从早期的以人力为动力, 到柴油一电力潜艇, 核动力潜艇, 潜艇已成 为现代海军的重要组成部分, 其潜水原理却没有改变, 都是靠吸入或吹除海 水来改变潜艇的比重, 以达到潜入或浮出的目的, 因此现代潜艇都是双层结 构, 里面的耐压壳体为圆度很高的圆柱形, 人员、 设备等均在耐压壳体内, 外面是非耐压壳体, 其外形为水阻很小的形状如水滴形, 两层壳体之间的水 箱控制潜艇的沉浮, 非耐压壳体还可在一定程度上抵御水下武器如深水炸弹 的攻击。 现代潜艇作为一种战术和战略武器, 已经发展得很完善了, 但仍存 在一些缺陷, 如载重量和舱容量较小, 结构复杂; 在水下潜行时, 由于其排 水量较在水面时增大了, 所以水阻力也增加了, 还带着一大舱水, 水下机动 性因而较差, 因此现代潜艇的用途受到了限制, 一般作为攻击性武器使用。 发明内容
本发明的目的是, 提供一种伸缩式潜水艇, 它是一种单层耐压壳体结构 的潜艇, 一般为小型潜艇, 能在水面和水下航行, 其水面排水量和水下排水 量相等, 结构和操作较简单, 舱容量较大, 潜行时水阻力较小, 用途较广。 本发明的技术方案是,伸缩式潜水艇由前艇身 1, 后艇身 2和升降式塔台 3组成, 其特征是, 前艇身 1由半球形的艇艏 4, 圆柱形的前艇体 5, 与前艇 体 5下部相连的楔形龙骨 6, 与前艇体 5后端相连的圆环形的液压缸 7组成, 液压缸 7的纵断面为阶梯形, 末端有限位环 8, 液压缸 7经管道 9分别与阀门 10和液压泵 11连接, 阀门 10和液压泵 11又分别与液压油舱 12连接, 后艇 身 2由圆柱形的后艇体 13, 与后艇体 13的前端连接的圆环形的活塞 14, 与 后艇体 13的后端连接的锥形的艇艉 15, 与后艇体 13的下部连接的楔形龙骨 16组成, 楔形龙骨 16的横断面积较楔形龙骨 6稍小, 活塞 14的外表面嵌装 有活塞环 17, 内表面嵌装有活塞环 18, 活塞 14与液压缸 7滑动配合, 艇艉 15装有螺旋浆 19, 水平舵 20和垂直舵 21, 升降式塔台 3顶部装有外螺紋密 封门 22。
下面对本发明的工作原理和操作方法作详细的说明。
在船台上分别制造前艇身 1, 后艇身 2和升降式塔台 3, 完成栖装, 并将 前艇身 1和后艇身 2合龙后, 就可以下水试航了。 在水面航行时, 活塞 14位 于液压缸 7的末端, 即限位环 8附近, 使伸缩式潜水艇长度最长, 浮力也最 大。 此时液压缸 7充满液压油, 虽然靠近限位环 8的缸体较薄, 但因潜艇处 于海面, 缸内油压很小, 故缸体强度不受影响。 欲下潜时, 转动外螺紋密封 门 22, 使艇内完全水密后, 打开阀门 10, 液压油自动流入液压舱 12内, 活 塞 14就会缓慢向前移动, 带动后艇身 2向前移动, 横断面较小的楔形龙骨 16 也插入前艇体 5下部的楔形龙骨 6中, 潜艇的体积减小, 比重增加, 就渐渐 沉入水中。 如活塞 14越过了缸体 7的较薄部分, 即保证潜艇最小出水面积的 缸体部分, 仍未完全沉入水中, 则继续排出液压油, 直至潜艇完全入水, 然 后通过液压泵 11和阀门 10调整潜艇的比重, 使其处于零重力状态, 就可以 在螺旋浆 19的推动下, 操纵水平舵 20下潜了。 欲上浮时, 也是先操纵水平 舵使潜艇升至海面, 然后经液压泵 11 向液压缸 7 内泵入液压油, 使活塞 14 向后移动, 伸缩式潜水艇就静静地浮出水面了。 如紧急情况下须快速上浮, 可以在操纵水平舵 20的同时向缸内泵入液压油, 使活塞 14向后移动, 但不 能越过红线, 即不充许活塞 14在深水中处于缸体较薄的位置, 否则潜艇会出 事。
在深水中缸体 7内的压力约 10MPa, 因缸体 7为圆环形状, 最为耐压, 只要有足够厚度, 是很安全的。 但缸体 7 的直径与艇体的直径相关且基本相 等, 当艇体直径增大时, 缸体 7 的直径也增大, 弧度会减小, 如缸体厚度不 变, 其强度会下降, 这就是伸缩式潜水艇只能是中、 小型潜艇的原因。
不论是轻载或重载, 伸缩式潜水艇都可以在水下潜行, 只需调整活塞 14 的行程即可, 这意味着伸缩式潜水艇在卸载后, 仍可潜行返回。
还有水面适航性的问题。当伸缩式潜水艇在水面航行时, 有可能前艇身 1 和后艇身 2同时处于两个波峰之上, 重力是否会在前艇身 1和后艇身 2的结 合处将潜艇拦腰折断呢? 因为结合处是全艇强度最高的部位一一环形液压 缸, 加上楔形龙骨的托举作用, 所以不会拦腰折断。
在前艇体 5和后艇体 13两侧可以布置若干个水密舷窗, 舷窗玻璃采用夹 胶玻璃。
伸缩式潜水艇可采用电力或柴一电驱动, 在用柴油机驱动并处于通气管 状态航行时, 通气管从后艇体 13的上部伸出。
控制室位于艇艏 4, 导航设备, 声纳装置也安装于此, 潜望镜则从前艇体 5上部伸出。
伸缩式潜水艇的主甲板 23下面可以布置液压油舱 12, 淡水舱, 柴油舱和 蓄电池舱。
如欲减小伸缩式潜水艇在水面航行和靠岸时的吃水深度, 可以取消楔形 龙骨 6和楔形龙骨 16, 改为在前艇体 5和后艇体 13两侧装设防摇腹鳍。
综上所述, 本发明的优点是:
1、 本发明为单层耐压壳体结构, 没有吸、 排水装置, 较双层壳体潜艇而 言, 结构较简单, 舱容量也较大。
2、 本发明只要操控阀门 10和液压泵 11, 就可以完成沉、 浮和载重量调 整等工作, 操作较简单。
3、 本发明水面排水量和水下排水量相等, 水下航行时没有突出的塔台, 所以潜行时阻力较小, 机动性也较好。
本发明的主要用途是:
1、 用于旅游观光, 让游客领略海底的奇妙世界。
2、 用于人员和小型货物运输, 在海况恶劣时或在敌对环境下, 完成海岛 如南海诸岛的物质补给和人员运输工作。
3、 用于两栖登陆作战。 现代登陆作战, 进攻的一方必须拥有海、 空、 天 优势, 造成重大伤亡后, 才能取得登陆作战的胜利, 而本发明由于舱容量较 大, 浮出水面时没有翻腾的气浪和喷溅的水花, 非常安静, 故可以一次运载 多名战士, 隐秘接敌, 收奇袭之效, 取得登陆作战的胜利。 附图说明
图 1为伸缩式潜水艇处于水面时的主视图 图 2为伸缩式潜水艇空载时处于水下时的主视图
图 3为液压缸的纵向剖视图
图 4为图 3所示液压缸的 A向视图
图 5为活塞的纵向剖视图
图 6为图 5所示活塞的 B向视图
图 7为液压缸与活塞的组装图
在所述附图中, 1一前艇身, 2—后艇身, 3—升降式塔台, 4 艇艏, 5— 前艇体, 6—楔形龙骨, 7—液压缸, 8—限位环, 9 管道, 10 阀门, 11 液压泵, 12—液压油舱, 13—后艇体, 14 活塞, 15 艇艉, 16—楔形龙骨, 17, 18—活塞环, 19一螺旋桨, 20—水平舵, 21—垂直舵, 22—外螺紋密封 门, 23—主甲板, 24—液压油。 具体实施方式
一艘电力驱动的、 极限潜深为 100m (艇身中轴线) 的伸缩式潜水艇, 艇 身为圆柱形, 直径 4m, 其前艇体长 5m, 液压缸长 10m, 后艇体长 15m, 艇 艏长 2m, 艇艉长 3m, 总长 35m, 升降式塔台位于前艇体中部, 高 2.1m, 直 径 1.6m。 该艇在水下空载潜行时, 后艇体有 10m进入液压缸中, 总长缩短为 25m。
该艇由中国首都钢铁公司生产的、屈服强度为 512 MPa的 X-80型钢板制 造, 其中艇艏、 艇艉、 前艇体和后艇体所用钢板厚度为 20mm, 环形液压缸外 缸体钢板厚 44mm, 内缸体钢板厚 46mm, 内、 外缸体间距为 120mm, 极限 潜深时缸内压强为 8.33MPa。船用钢板共重 136.1T, 艇内液压油重 16T, 加上 升降式塔台、 舵系列、 楔形龙骨等, 艇体总重 202T, 该艇空载时排水量为 299.7T, 即有 97.7T排水量是用于布置艇内相关设备的。
该艇水下潜行时的最大载重量为 107T, 最大舱容量为 242m3, 最大载重 时出水体积为 18.8m3

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种伸缩式潜水艇, 由前艇身 (1), 后艇身 (2) 和升降式塔台 (3) 组成, 其特征是, 前艇身 (1) 由半球形的艇艏 (4), 圆柱形的前艇体 (5), 与前艇体 (5) 下部相连的楔形龙骨 (6), 与前艇体 (5) 后端相连的圆环形 的液压缸 (7) 组成, 液压缸 (7) 的纵断面为阶梯形, 末端有限位环 (8), 液压缸 (7) 经管道 (9) 分别与阀门 (10) 和液压泵 (11) 连接, 阀门 (10) 和液压泵 (11) 又分别与液压油舱 (12) 连接, 后艇身 (2) 由圆柱形的后艇 体 (13), 与后艇体 (13) 的前端连接的圆环形的活塞 (14), 与后艇体 (13) 的后端连接的锥形的艇艉(15), 与后艇体(13) 的下部连接的楔形龙骨(16) 组成, 楔形龙骨 (16) 的横断面积较楔形龙骨 (6) 稍小, 活塞 (14) 的外表 面嵌装有活塞环(17), 内表面嵌装有活塞环(18), 活塞(14)与液压缸(7) 滑动配合, 艇艉 (15) 装有螺旋浆 (19), 水平舵 (20) 和垂直舵 (21), 升 降式塔台 (3) 的顶部装有外螺紋密封门 (22)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的伸缩式潜水艇, 其特征还在于, 在前艇体 (5) 和后艇体 (13) 两侧可以布置若干个水密舷窗, 舷窗玻璃采用夹胶玻璃。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的伸缩式潜水艇, 其特征还在于, 主甲板 (23) 下面可以布置液压油舱 (12), 淡水舱, 柴油舱和蓄电池舱。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的伸缩式潜水艇, 其特征还在于, 可以取消楔形 龙骨 (6) 和楔形龙骨 (16), 改为在前艇体 (5) 和后艇体 (13) 两侧装设防 摇腹鳍。
PCT/CN2011/074845 2010-05-31 2011-05-30 伸缩式潜水艇 WO2011150786A1 (zh)

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CA2801273C (en) 2015-03-17

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