WO2011139369A1 - Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody - Google Patents
Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011139369A1 WO2011139369A1 PCT/US2011/000788 US2011000788W WO2011139369A1 WO 2011139369 A1 WO2011139369 A1 WO 2011139369A1 US 2011000788 W US2011000788 W US 2011000788W WO 2011139369 A1 WO2011139369 A1 WO 2011139369A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antibodies
- antigen
- red blood
- blood cells
- igg
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/554—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being a biological cell or cell fragment, e.g. bacteria, yeast cells
- G01N33/555—Red blood cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/16—Extraction; Separation; Purification by chromatography
- C07K1/22—Affinity chromatography or related techniques based upon selective absorption processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for
- the present invention produces more densely functionalized indicator cells which, along with other components, can be used to detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens by targeting the A, B, AB and MNS antigens which have a greater degree of expression than the conventionally used D antigen. Further, the present invention may be extended to any immunoassay where one wishes to detect specifically bound immunoglobulin.
- the D antigen 12 is typically used because of the availability of high affinity anti-D antibody 1 1. However, the D antigen 12 is not highly expressed (10,000-30,000 antigens 12 per cell 10). In a solid-phase geometry, the area of interaction between a cell 10 and a planar surface can limit the interaction area such that only 10-100 anti-IgG molecules are interacting with the substrate. This limitation may strongly affect the kinetics and magnitude of binding of these indicator cells to the solid-phase.
- the present invention relates to producing more densely functionalized indicator cells which can be used to detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens, by using the A, B, AB and MNS antigens which have a greater degree of expression than the D antigen.
- These antigen systems have levels of expression that approach 1 million antigens per cell, which is in great contrast to the conventional D antigen sites of about 10,000-30,000 antigens per cell. This marked increase in the antigen systems level of expression, which is unexpected, could produce a boost in the kinetics and the magnitude of the binding of the indicator cell to the solid phase, which effects assay performance (e.g., sensitivity, test time etc.).
- anti-A antibodies can be purified using column affinity purification (i.e., immunoaffinity chromatography).
- synthetic A antigen with an amine handle is coated on a commercially available affinity column.
- Source plasma from a human donor of blood group B is then exposed to the column, where anti-A antibodies attach to the A antigen on the solid support.
- the anti-A antibodies are then eluted from the affinity column and can then be further purified via well-known precipitation or affinity techniques.
- Group A red blood cells (having A antigen) are then exposed to this purified product (i.e., IgG), and the purified anti-A IgG antibodies bind to and coat the red blood cells.
- the anti-IgG antibodies have a specificity for the IgG antibodies, they attach to the IgG antibodies, coating them partially or fully.
- more densely functionalized indicator cells are produced, which, in conjunction with other components, can be used to detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens, by using the A, B, AB and MNS antigens.
- as human red blood cells have a multitude of antigen systems one may simultaneously target multiple antigen systems in order to increase the density of the IgG coating.
- the present invention reduces constraints on the wash cycle. To ensure that the anti-lgG antibody is not saturated by residual IgG antibodies, antigen systems that are highly expressed are chosen such that even if some quantity of the anti-lgG is saturated (and therefore, rendering it inactive), sufficient numbers of anti-lgG remain such that specific binding can be detected.
- plasma, protein, etc. are introduced into a solid phase system and incubated at 37 °C.
- the solid-phase substrate is coated with human red blood cells with a known antigen profile.
- An antibody in this case, IgG class
- IgG class an antibody existing in test plasma with specificity for one of the antigens existing on the solid phase (the K antigen of the Kell blood group, for instance) will become specifically bound to the red blood cells on the substrate.
- the system is then washed with a solution to remove the unbound protein.
- Indicator red blood cells with a number of binding sites are introduced, and the anti-lgG antibodies (either pre-coated onto the indicator or simply added with the IgG- coated indicator) bind to the IgG on the red blood cells on the substrate.
- the present invention may also be used in solution, where agglutination would be looked for, to determine if there is binding.
- Figure 1a shows a conventional process, where an antigen system uses the D antigen.
- Figure 1b shows one embodiment consistent with the present invention, where an antigen system uses the A, B, AB, and MNS antigens.
- Figures 2(a)-(e) shows one embodiment consistent with the present invention, where immunoaffinity chromatography is used in the purification of antibodies from blood plasma.
- the method uses the A, B, AB and MNS antigens.
- Figures 3(a)-(c) shows another embodiment consistent with the present invention, where plasma and protein, etc., are introduced into a solid phase system and the substrate is coated with human red blood cells with a known antigen profile. Indicator red blood cells with anti-IgG antibodies bind to the IgG on the red blood cells on the substrate.
- antigen systems that present higher levels of expression are targeted by the inventors in order to produce more densely functionalized indicator cells which can be used to indicate the presence or absence of a particular antibody or antigen, since using the A, B, AB and MNS antigens have a remarkably greater degree of expression than the conventionally used D antigen.
- Such antigen systems of the present invention may include the A, B, or AB antigens or the MNSs antigens.
- the ABO blood group system is the most important human blood group system, and includes Groups A, B, AB and O.
- the ABO antigens are expressed on the ends of long polylactosamine chains attached mainly to band 3 protein, the anion exchanger of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, and a minority of epitopes are expressed on neutral glycosphingolipids.
- the MNS antigen system is a human blood group system based on the glycophorin A and B genes on chromosome 4. The most important of the 46 antigens are the M, N, S, s, and U antigens.
- antigen systems of the present invention where, for example, there is a high affinity for anti-A 13, etc., antibodies (see Figure 1b), have remarkable levels of expression that approach 1 million antigens per red blood cell 10 (potentially increasing the number of IgG sites by a factor 100).
- a antigen sites of about 1 million antigens 14 per red blood cell 10 is in great contrast to the conventional D antigen sites of about 10,000-30,000 antigens 12 per cell 10 (see Figure 1a).
- anti-A antibodies In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, anti-A antibodies
- FIG. 2 (of high affinity and concentration) can be purified as shown in Figure 2, using column affinity purification (i.e., immunoaffinity chromatography).
- immunoaffinity chromatography binding to the solid phase may be achieved by column chromatography whereby the solid medium is packed onto a column 15, the initial mixture 16 run through the column 15 to allow setting ( Figure 2(a)), a wash buffer 17 is run through the column 15 ( Figure 2(b)) and the elution buffer 18 subsequently applied to the column 15 ( Figure 2(c)) and collected. These steps are usually done at ambient pressure.
- the affinity purification of antibodies 19 from human blood 16 is performed - for example, using human plasma 16 obtained from a donor of blood group B (i.e., a naturally occurring antibody) (see Figure 2(a)).
- human plasma 16 obtained from a donor of blood group B (i.e., a naturally occurring antibody)
- affinity purification if the human plasma 16 is known to contain antibodies 19 against a specific antigen 20, then it can be purified using affinity purification.
- the antigen corresponding to the specificity of interest 19 can then be covalently coupled to the solid support - such as agarose - and used as an affinity ligand in
- step 100 synthetic A antigen 20 with an amine handle is conjugated to a commercially available affinity column 15.
- the column 15 is coated with the relevant A antigen 20.
- step 101 a crude product of source plasma 16 from a human donor of blood group B, is then exposed to the column 15, where anti-A antibodies 19 attach to the A antigen 20 on the solid support.
- the anti-A antibodies 19 are then purified via well-known precipitation or affinity techniques, as disclosed in "Protein Purification” by Robert K. Scopes (above), to remove the antibodies 19 of interest.
- Those techniques include a wash 17 (see Figure 2(b)), and an elution of the antibodies 19 of interest using a low pH buffer 18 such as glycine pH 2.8 (see Figure 2(c)).
- the eluate is collected into a neutral tris or phosphate buffer, to neutralize the low pH elution buffer and halt any degradation of the antibody's 19 activity. This procedure removes the undesirable antibodies 19 from the human plasma 16 and purifies the target antibody 19.
- the anti-A antibodies 19 can be further separated to IgG or IgM antibodies 21 (for instance, a protein G column will selectively bind IgG but not IgM), using the same techniques described above.
- step 103 group A red blood cells 10 (having A antigen 20 ) are then exposed to this purified product (i.e., IgG antibody 21 ) (see Figure 2(d)), and the purified product of IgG antibodies 21 bind with and coat the red blood cells 10.
- this purified product i.e., IgG antibody 21
- step 104 the coated cells 10 are then washed according to known methods, as described in Sinor et al.
- step 105 the cells 10 are then exposed to anti-IgG antibodies 22.
- the anti-IgG antibodies 22 have a specificity for the IgG antibodies 21 , they attach to the IgG antibodies 21 , coating the indicator cells 23 (see Figure 2(e)). This step may be conducted prior to use (i.e., pre-sensitizing the IgG coated red cells with anti-IgG) or during use (simply mixing the IgG coated indicators with anti-IgG).
- the present invention discloses a novel and unexpected procedure which should produce more densely functionalized indicator cells 23 which, along with other components, can be used to indicate the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens, by using the A, B, AB and MNS antigens which have a greater degree of expression than the D antigen.
- human red blood cells have a multitude of antigen systems
- red blood cells that express Rh, Kell, and Duffy antigens and expose these red blood cells to a blend of antibodies with specificities towards these groups.
- Rh, Kell, and Duffy antigens For example, one may choose red blood cells that express Rh, Kell, and Duffy antigens and expose these red blood cells to a blend of antibodies with specificities towards these groups.
- the technique of the present invention may also reduce constraints on a wash cycle as well.
- Many conventional assays that rely upon class-specific immunoglobulin i.e., anti-IgG antibodies
- require that unbound antibodies 19 be removed from the system see Figure 2(b), for example)). If this is not the case, the anti-IgG antibody 22 (see Figure 2(e)) will become saturated with "generic" IgG antibody 21 and specific binding will not be detected. This effect is prevented by washing the system with a solution that does not contain free IgG antibody 21.
- Figure 3(a), in step 200, shows where plasma, protein, etc., 24 are introduced into a solid phase system and incubated at 37 °C.
- the substrate 25 is coated with human red blood cells 10 with a known antigen profile.
- the specific antibody 21 desired in this case, IgG antibody 21
- the red blood cells 10 i.e., the K antigen, of the Kell system
- step 202 the system is washed with a solution 26 (i.e., saline) to remove the unbound protein.
- a solution 26 i.e., saline
- plasma 24 contains a large number of different kinds of antibodies, it is important to have a good washing step to remove any residual IgG antibody 21 left free in the system.
- indicator red blood cells 23 with a number of binding sites are introduced into the system, and the anti-lgG antibodies 22 bind to the IgG antibodies 21 on the red blood cells 10 on the substrate 25.
- the probe red blood cells 23 will become coated and prevent binding at the substrate 25; thus, it is important that there is careful washing of the system, as well as using probe indicator cells 23 with many binding sites.
- the present invention may also be used in solution, where agglutination would be looked for on the solid phase, to determine if there is binding.
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- Immunology (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/696,171 US20130273571A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody |
EP11777702.9A EP2566879A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody |
JP2013509044A JP2013524847A (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method for functionalizing human erythrocytes with antibodies |
CN2011800246839A CN102892774A (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US28299710P | 2010-05-05 | 2010-05-05 | |
US61/282,997 | 2010-05-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011139369A1 true WO2011139369A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
Family
ID=44903935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/000788 WO2011139369A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method of functionalizing human red blood cells with antibody |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130273571A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2566879A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2013524847A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102892774A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011139369A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2991679A4 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-12-07 | Adimab Llc | Polyspecificity reagents, methods for their preparation and use |
WO2017089827A1 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | Qbd (Qs-Ip) Limited | Purification method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3035971A1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-11 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | ENRICHED COMPOSITION IN ANTI-A AND / OR ANTI-B POLYCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULINS |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4816413A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1989-03-28 | Immucor, Inc. | Solid phase indicator red blood cells and method |
US5213963A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1993-05-25 | Biotest Aktiengesellschaft | Procedure for finding and identifying red cell antibodies by means of the solid phase method |
US20090074749A1 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2009-03-19 | Abdessatar Chtourou | IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) CONCENTRATE DEPLETED OF ANTI-A AND ANTI-B ANTIBODIES AND OF POLYREACTIVE IgGs |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4328183A (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1982-05-04 | Mt. Sinai School Of Medicine Of The City University Of New York | Blood cell typing and compatibility test procedure |
DE3886403D1 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1994-01-27 | Biotest Ag | Procedure for the search and identification of erythrocytic antibodies using the solid phase method. |
US6017721A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 2000-01-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Chromatographic method and device for preparing blood serum for compatibility testing |
-
2011
- 2011-05-05 US US13/696,171 patent/US20130273571A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-05 JP JP2013509044A patent/JP2013524847A/en active Pending
- 2011-05-05 EP EP11777702.9A patent/EP2566879A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-05 CN CN2011800246839A patent/CN102892774A/en active Pending
- 2011-05-05 WO PCT/US2011/000788 patent/WO2011139369A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4816413A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1989-03-28 | Immucor, Inc. | Solid phase indicator red blood cells and method |
US5213963A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1993-05-25 | Biotest Aktiengesellschaft | Procedure for finding and identifying red cell antibodies by means of the solid phase method |
US20090074749A1 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2009-03-19 | Abdessatar Chtourou | IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) CONCENTRATE DEPLETED OF ANTI-A AND ANTI-B ANTIBODIES AND OF POLYREACTIVE IgGs |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
HOYER ET AL.: "The signifcance of erythrocyte antigen site density.", J CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, vol. 49, 1970, pages 87 - 95, XP008161741 * |
See also references of EP2566879A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2991679A4 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-12-07 | Adimab Llc | Polyspecificity reagents, methods for their preparation and use |
US10156574B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2018-12-18 | Adimab, Llc | Polyspecificity reagents, methods for their preparation and use |
US10883997B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2021-01-05 | Adimab, Llc | Polyspecificity reagents, methods for their preparation and use |
WO2017089827A1 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | Qbd (Qs-Ip) Limited | Purification method |
AU2016359076B2 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2023-10-05 | Qbd (Qs-Ip) Limited | Purification method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2566879A4 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
CN102892774A (en) | 2013-01-23 |
EP2566879A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
JP2013524847A (en) | 2013-06-20 |
US20130273571A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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