WO2011137599A1 - 多功能玉米收割机 - Google Patents

多功能玉米收割机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011137599A1
WO2011137599A1 PCT/CN2010/072868 CN2010072868W WO2011137599A1 WO 2011137599 A1 WO2011137599 A1 WO 2011137599A1 CN 2010072868 W CN2010072868 W CN 2010072868W WO 2011137599 A1 WO2011137599 A1 WO 2011137599A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
header
straw
corn
conveying device
vehicle
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PCT/CN2010/072868
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱学军
朱学勇
刘瑛
Original Assignee
天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司
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Application filed by 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司 filed Critical 天津毕晟智能科技开发有限公司
Priority to US12/995,463 priority Critical patent/US20130081369A1/en
Publication of WO2011137599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011137599A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/02—Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting
    • A01D45/028—Harvesting devices mounted to a vehicle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/02—Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and relates to a corn harvester, in particular to a multifunctional corn harvester. Background technique
  • the state requires that the straw be chopped or harvested or returned to the field at the same time as the corn ear harvesting. Most of the foreign corn is planted every year and one year after the corn is harvested, and the straw is returned to the field. In the two-year-old area of wheat and corn in China, with the development of industrial fuels, the straw that used to be the main fuel in rural areas has become a waste of polluted air in the field, and the rapidly developing animal husbandry needs a lot of information. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a corn harvester with a stem and stem.
  • the harvester's header is an important part of the corn harvester. It shoulders the important task of plucking, chopping, picking and conveying.
  • the other devices fixed on the vehicle basically serve the header.
  • the literature similar to the application of the present invention also has a corn harvester with a stem and a stem, and the representative models are 4YZ-3 and 4YZ-4.
  • the 4YZ-4 model is designed according to the principle of the corn harvester of foreign companies. It is a 4-row self-propelled type with corn peeling function.
  • the 4YZ-3 corn harvester is a self-propelled ear stem with fruit box.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a multifunctional corn harvester.
  • the design of the header is scientific and reasonable, the stems and stems are combined, the picking is reliable, and the straw can be diversified.
  • a multifunctional corn harvester comprising a vehicle, a longitudinal elevator and a header, a longitudinal elevator mounted on the vehicle, and a header mounted at the front of the vehicle, characterized in that: the header is from the upper header and the lower header
  • the upper header is composed of a plucker assembly and a horizontal corn conveying device, and the plucker of the plucker assembly is in the shape of a front fork, and the rear portion of the plucking assembly is connected to the input end of the horizontal corn conveying device.
  • the output of the horizontal corn conveyor is connected to the longitudinal rise
  • the lower header is a straw converging transmission device, which is composed of a stem cutting knife, a straw conveying device, a stirring cage and a straw conveyor.
  • the stem root cutter is fixed at the front end of the straw conveying device, and the stirring cage is located at the straw conveying device. At the rear end, the rear end of the cage is connected to the straw conveyor.
  • a stem removal roller is mounted on the side of the lateral corn conveyor of the upper header.
  • the reel assembly of the upper header is composed of side-by-side plucks, each of which is equipped with a protective plate, and a revolving roller or a picking roller is mounted in the reel .
  • the front mounting head of the vehicle is installed by installing a cylinder at the bottom end of the front portion of the vehicle, and the plunger of the cylinder is mounted on the straw conveying device of the lower header, and a straw is mounted on the straw conveying device.
  • the cylinder, the plunger of the pluck cylinder is mounted on the plucker.
  • the transverse corn conveying device employs a belt or chain of rows.
  • the straw conveying device uses a belt or a chain to climb.
  • the harvester can automatically pick up the ear of corn, automatically transport the corn ear, and the crushed corn cob and the shed corn kernels mixed in the corn stalk are collected by the straw smashing device, so that the corn that passes through the harvester does not Then thrown away, the corn that fell on the ground is no longer crushed, and it is re-received by hand. It truly achieves the return of the grain, realizing a real and effective corn harvester, with world-leading level.
  • the harvester makes it possible to smash and collect the straw for use as a green storage, and to make the straw smashing and throwing back to the field, and the whole straw is not smashed and directly placed, etc., and it is possible to realize the diversification of the straw treatment.
  • the harvester not only realizes the harvesting of corn ears, but also realizes the diversification of straw processing.
  • the whole structure adopts double-layer header arrangement, the upper layer has the function of picking the ear, the lower layer cuts the straw and transports the straw, and the harvester can also be installed.
  • the straw smashing device realizes clearing and pulverizing, replaces the cutter pulverizer to realize the green storage cutting, and the bottom plate of the straw conveying device opens to realize the straw arranging function, and the corn harvester combines the stem and the stem to achieve the harvest. At the same time, the straw is diversified.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the overall structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the upper header, the longitudinal elevator and the cab of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a front view showing the structure of the header of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view showing the structure of the upper header of Figure 4 with the shield removed;
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the lower layer header straw conveying device as a belt
  • Figure 10 is a front view of the upper header horizontal corn conveying device as a belt
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of Figure 10.
  • a multifunctional corn harvester see Figures 1, 2, 3, including the vehicle 1, the longitudinal elevator 2 and the header, the engine assembly, the straw clearing and straw smashing device 3 (belonging to the prior art) and the longitudinal rise
  • the carrier (prior art) is installed on the vehicle; the header is installed at the bottom of the front part of the vehicle, and the specific installation form is: a cylinder 5 is installed at the bottom ends of the front part of the vehicle, and the plunger of the cylinder is installed at On the lower header, the angle of the lower header is swung, so that the cutting height of the stem can be adjusted in the lower header.
  • the header is composed of an upper header and a lower header.
  • an upper header lifting cylinder 6 is mounted on the lower header, and the plunger of the upper header lifting cylinder is mounted on the upper header to realize the upper layer.
  • the angle of the header and the lower header is adjusted so that the upper header can be adjusted according to the height of the corn ear.
  • the upper header is composed of a reel assembly 7 having a picking function and a lateral corn conveying device 13 at the rear thereof, and the reel is always formed by a plurality of reels 17 side by side, and the reel is in the shape of a front fork, each A guard plate 14 is mounted on the handle, a sprocket 23 mounted on the front of the divider, and two puller rollers 16 mounted opposite each other in the divider (a picking roller can also be used,
  • the structure of the transverse corn conveyor is connected to the lower end of the longitudinal elevator, and the horizontal corn conveying device can adopt a chain conveyor belt, or a belt 19 as shown in FIG.
  • the side of the transverse corn conveying device is provided with a broken stem removing roller 12, which is used to prevent the corn ear of the header from being caught with the broken straw into the longitudinal elevator to realize the corn transported by the lateral direction.
  • the straw stems entrained by the ear remove the broken stems under the action of two oppositely rotating stem removing rollers.
  • the lower header is a straw converging transmission device 8, located under the plucker and receiving the straw pulverized by the plucking device, see Fig. 3, the stalk root cutter 1 1 , the straw conveying device 10, the stirring cage 9 and the straw conveyor 4
  • the stem cutting knife is fixed on the front end of the straw conveying device, and the straw conveying device can adopt a chain climbing conveyor belt, or can be used as shown in the figure.
  • the belt 18 shown in Fig. 9; the agitator is located at the rear end of the straw conveyor, and the rear end of the cage is connected to the straw conveyor.
  • the straw concentrating and finishing device receives the straw pulverized by the plucking device, and the pulverized straw is passed through the straw conveying device into the straw conveyor through the straw conveying device, enters the straw stalk of the straw conveyor, and then enters the auxiliary pulverizing device fixed on the vehicle for further pulverization. Then collect or throw back the field.
  • a movable lower floor can be installed on the lower bottom surface of the straw conveyor (see Figure 1, but not labeled), and the lower bottom plate can be opened to realize the straw laying function.
  • the working principle of the invention is:
  • the whole corn is introduced into the fork-shaped inlet of the plucker assembly by the plucking sprocket, where the straw stalk is cut, and the cut straw is passed through the straw conveyor into the straw conveyor through the straw conveyor.
  • the whole corn is separated from the straw by the corn hopper, and the corn ear is fed into the horizontal corn conveying device under the dual action of the sprocket and the protective plate, and the corn is transferred to the vertical elevator.
  • the lower end is the corn ear is fed into the horizontal corn conveying device under the dual action of the sprocket and the protective plate, and the corn is transferred to the vertical elevator. The lower end.
  • the straw separated from the dispenser and the unearthed small corn ear and the fallen kernel fall into the straw conveying device and are sent to the stirring cage, and are sent to the auxiliary pulverizing device for collection by the straw conveyor.

Description

多功能玉米收割机 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械领域， 涉及玉米收割机， 尤其是一种多功能玉米收割机。 背景技术
为了解决茎秆焚烧造成空气污染和发展畜牧业的需求， 国家要求在玉米果穗收获 的同时完成秸秆切碎收集或还田或不粉碎放铺。 国外玉米多为一年一季种植， 玉米收 获后秸秆还田， 利用冬闲深耕入土肥田。 在我国小麦玉米一年两熟地区， 随着工业燃 料的发展， 昔日作为农村主要燃料的秸秆成了田间焚烧污染空气的废物， 而迅速发展 的畜牧业又需要大量的伺料。 因此研制穗茎兼收型玉米收获机具有重要的意义。
玉米收割机的割台是玉米收割机的重要组成部分， 肩负着拨禾、 切碎、 摘穗、 传 送的重要任务， 在车辆上固装的其他装置， 基本上是为割台服务的。
通过调查， 与本发明申请相近的文献也有穗茎兼收型玉米收获机， 代表机型 有 4YZ-3型和 4YZ-4型两种。 其中 4YZ-4型是根据国外公司的玉米收获机原理设计而 成， 为 4行自走式， 带有玉米剥皮的功能； 4YZ-3型玉米收获机为带果箱的自走式穗 茎兼收型玉米联合收获机。 目前也有玉米收获机， 可以进行摘穗一果穗剥皮一青贮联 合作业， 但该种结构依然没有解决青储作业中夹杂在秸秆中的玉米籽粒， 以及粉碎器 捡起的整个玉米粉碎； 又由于我国大部分地区采用秸秆还田， 大都造成籽粒损失； 又 由于机型庞大， 对我国农村广大地区的田间道路情况适应性差， 价格昂贵， 与我国经 济的发展水平不符。 因此我国玉米收获机械的设计要求与欧美等发达国家不同。
综上， 从目前的玉米收割机现状， 在工作原理和结构上都没有根本解决符合现有 国情农艺条件的需求的玉米收割问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足， 提供一种多功能玉米收割机， 该割台设 计科学合理， 穗茎兼收， 摘穗可靠， 可对秸秆进行多样化处理。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种多功能玉米收割机， 包括车辆、 纵向升运器及割台， 纵向升运器安装在车辆 上， 在车辆前部安装割台， 其特征在于： 割台由上层割台及下层割台构成， 上层割台 由拨禾器总成、 横向玉米输送装置构成， 拨禾器总成的拨禾器为前叉头形状， 拨禾器 总成的后部连接横向玉米输送装置的输入端， 横向玉米输送装置的输出端连接纵向升 运器； 下层割台为秸秆汇聚传输装置， 由茎根割刀、 秸秆传送装置、 搅笼及秸秆输送 器构成， 茎根割刀固装在秸秆传送装置的前端， 搅笼位于秸秆传送装置的后端， 搅笼 的后端连接秸秆输送器。
而且， 在上层割台的横向玉米输送装置的侧边安装有一断茎去除辊。
而且， 所述上层割台的拨禾器总成由并排的拨禾器构成， 每一拨禾器上均安装有 防护板， 在拨禾器内安装有相向转动的拉茎辊或摘穗辊。
而且， 所述车辆前部安装割台是通过在车辆前部底端安装有油缸、 该油缸的柱塞 安装在下层割台的秸秆传送装置上实现安装，在秸秆传送装置上安装有一拨禾器油缸， 该拨禾器油缸的柱塞安装在拨禾器上。
而且， 所述横向玉米输送装置采用皮带或链排。
而且， 所述秸秆传送装置采用皮带或链爬。
本发明的优点和积极效果是：
1、 本收割机可对玉米穗自动摘穗、 玉米穗自动输送， 以及夹杂在玉米秸秆中的 被夹碎的玉米棒及脱落的玉米粒经秸秆粉碎装置收集， 达到经过收割机的玉米不会再 丢掉， 掉在地上的玉米不再被粉碎， 由人工复收， 真正达到颗粒归仓， 实现真实有效 的玉米收割机， 具有世界领先水平。
2、 本收割机使秸秆可实现粉碎收集用作青储伺料， 以及秸秆粉碎抛洒还田、 整 秸秆不粉碎直接铺放等三种处理方式成为可能， 真正实现了秸秆的处理多样化。
3、 本收割机既实现了玉米果穗收割， 又实现了秸秆处理多样化的需求， 整体结 构采用双层割台布置， 上层具有摘穗功能， 下层切割秸秆及输送秸秆功能， 收割机还 可安装秸秆粉碎装置以实现清粮及粉碎， 更换切刀式粉碎器实现青储切削， 秸秆传送 装置下底板打开实现秸秆铺放功能， 这种结构玉米收割机穗茎兼收， 实现了不丢粮收 害 同时实现了秸秆多样化处理。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的总体结构主视图；
图 2为图 1的俯视图；
图 3为图 2的去除上层割台、 纵向升运器及驾驶室的结构示意图；
图 4为本发明割台的结构主视图；
图 5为图 4的俯视图；
图 6为图 4的上层割台去掉防护罩的结构主视图； 图 7为图 6的俯视图；
图 8为图 6的立体结构示意图；
图 9为下层割台秸秆传送装置为皮带的示意图；
图 10为上层割台横向玉米输送装置为皮带的主视图；
图 11为图 10的俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例做进一步详述； 本实施例是描述性的， 不是限定 性的， 不能由此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种多功能玉米收割机， 参见图 1、 2、 3， 包括车辆 1、 纵向升运器 2及割台， 发动机总成、 秸秆清粮及秸秆粉碎装置 3 (属于现有技术） 及纵向升运器 （属于现有 技术） 安装在车辆上； 在车辆前部底端安装割台， 其具体安装形式是： 在车辆前部两 侧底端各安装有一油缸 5， 该油缸的柱塞安装在下层割台上， 以实现下层割台的角度 摆转， 使在下层割台能够调整茎根的切割高度。
割台由上层割台及下层割台构成， 参见图 4、 5， 在下层割台上安装有一上层割台 升降油缸 6， 该上层割台升降油缸的柱塞安装在上层割台上， 实现上层割台和下层割 台的角度摆转调节， 使上层割台能够根据玉米穗的高度进行角度调整。
下面具体叙述上、 下割台的具体结构：
1、 上层割台：
上层割台为具有摘穗功能的拨禾器总成 7与其后部的横向玉米输送装置 13构成， 拨禾器总成为多个拨禾器 17并排构成， 拨禾器为前叉头形状， 每一拨禾器上均安装有 防护板 14， 在分禾器前部所安装的拨禾链轮 23、 在分禾器内相向安装的两个拉茎辊 16 (也可以采用摘穗辊， 其结构形式较多） 构成； 在横向玉米输送装置的一端连接纵 向升运器的下端， 该横向玉米输送装置可采用链排式传送带， 也可以采用如图 10、 1 1 所示的皮带 19 ; 在横向玉米输送装置的侧边安装有一断茎去除辊 12， 该断茎去除辊的 作用是为了避免经割台的玉米穗夹带着断茎秸秆进入纵向升运器， 以实现由横向输送 来的玉米穗所夹带的秸秆断茎在两个相向旋转的断茎去除辊的作用下将断茎去除。
2、 下层割台：
下层割台为秸秆汇聚传输装置 8， 位于拨禾器的下方并接收拨禾器粉碎的秸秆， 参见图 3， 由茎根割刀 1 1、 秸秆传送装置 10、 搅笼 9及秸秆输送器 4构成， 茎根割刀 固装在秸秆传送装置的前端， 该秸秆传送装置可采用链爬式传送带， 也可以采用如图 9所示的皮带 18; 搅笼位于秸秆传送装置的后端， 搅笼的后端连接秸秆输送器。 秸秆 汇聚整理装置接收拨禾器粉碎的秸秆， 粉碎后的秸秆通过秸秆传送装置经搅笼进入秸 秆输送器， 进入秸秆输送器的秸秆碎段再进入车辆上固装的辅助粉碎装置进行进一步 粉碎， 然后收集或者抛洒还田。
在秸秆输送器的下底面可安装一活动的下底板（参见图 1， 但未标号）， 打开下底 板， 即可实现秸秆铺放功能。
本发明未详细叙述部分为现有技术。
本发明的工作原理是：
整株玉米在拨禾器的作用下， 由拨禾链轮导入拨禾器总成的叉形入口处， 在该处 完成秸秆切断， 切断的秸秆通过秸秆传送带经搅笼进入秸秆输送器。
整株玉米在拨禾器上完成玉米穗与秸秆的分离， 玉米穗在拨禾链轮及防护板的双 重作用下送入横向玉米输送装置， 由该装置将玉米输汇集送到纵向升运器的下端。
在拨禾器上分离出来的的秸秆及未摘下的小玉米穗和脱落的籽粒落入秸秆传送 装置上送入搅笼， 经秸秆输送器被送入辅助粉碎装置进行收集。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种多功能玉米收割机， 包括车辆、 纵向升运器及割台， 纵向升运器安装在 车辆上， 在车辆前部安装割台， 其特征在于： 割台由上层割台及下层割台构成， 上层 割台由拨禾器总成、 横向玉米输送装置构成， 拨禾器总成的拨禾器为前叉头形状， 拨 禾器总成的后部连接横向玉米输送装置的输入端， 横向玉米输送装置的输出端连接纵 向升运器； 下层割台为秸秆汇聚传输装置， 由茎根割刀、 秸秆传送装置、 搅笼及秸秆 输送器构成， 茎根割刀固装在秸秆传送装置的前端， 搅笼位于秸秆传送装置的后端， 搅笼的后端连接秸秆输送器。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能玉米收割机， 其特征在于： 在上层割台的横向 玉米输送装置的侧边安装有一断茎去除辊。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能玉米收割机， 其特征在于： 所述上层割台的拨 禾器总成由并排的拨禾器构成， 每一拨禾器上均安装有防护板， 在拨禾器内安装有相 向转动的拉茎辊或摘穗辊。
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能玉米收割机， 其特征在于： 所述车辆前部安装 割台是通过在车辆前部底端安装有油缸、 该油缸的柱塞安装在下层割台的秸秆传送装 置上实现安装， 在秸秆传送装置上安装有一拨禾器油缸， 该拨禾器油缸的柱塞安装在 拨禾器上。
5、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能玉米收割机， 其特征在于： 所述横向玉米输送 装置采用皮带或链排。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能玉米收割机， 其特征在于： 所述秸秆传送装置 采用皮带或链爬。
PCT/CN2010/072868 2010-05-07 2010-05-18 多功能玉米收割机 WO2011137599A1 (zh)

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