WO2011134222A1 - 利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法 - Google Patents

利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011134222A1
WO2011134222A1 PCT/CN2010/076528 CN2010076528W WO2011134222A1 WO 2011134222 A1 WO2011134222 A1 WO 2011134222A1 CN 2010076528 W CN2010076528 W CN 2010076528W WO 2011134222 A1 WO2011134222 A1 WO 2011134222A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
water heater
solar
water
heat
heater
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PCT/CN2010/076528
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑克汀
Original Assignee
上海极特实业有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 上海极特实业有限公司 filed Critical 上海极特实业有限公司
Priority to AU2010352496A priority Critical patent/AU2010352496A1/en
Priority to MX2012012584A priority patent/MX2012012584A/es
Publication of WO2011134222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011134222A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0036—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means
    • F24D17/0063—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means solar energy and conventional heaters
    • F24D17/0068—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means solar energy and conventional heaters with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/136—Defrosting or de-icing; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/184—Preventing harm to users from exposure to heated water, e.g. scalding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar green energy application, and particularly relates to a method for converting into a solar water heater by using a gas or electric water heater commonly used in homes and businesses.
  • Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of green energy. Using solar energy as much as possible with common home, commercial and corporate hot water and heating systems can significantly reduce the use of traditional energy sources to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction and reduce the global warming effect.
  • the invention solves the problem that the existing water heater mainly uses gas and electric heating traditional energy, and provides a method for converting into a solar water heater by using ordinary gas or electric water heater, which enables the original hot water supply system to fully utilize solar energy. Green energy, which greatly saves the non-renewable energy that was originally consumed.
  • a method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater comprising at least the following steps:
  • Adding two three-way steps to the original water heater that is, releasing the water valve hole at the bottom of the original water heater storage bucket and A pipe is added between the drain valves and a first three-way is installed on the pipe.
  • the outlet of the first three-way is used as the water inlet of the solar thermal circulation loop, and the second water is added to the cold water inlet pipe of the original water heater storage bucket. Passing, the inlet of the second three-way is used as the water outlet of the solar thermal circulation loop;
  • a step of adding a solar thermal cycle to the original water heater that is, adding a solar thermal circulation loop between the water inlet and the water outlet, the solar thermal circulation loop including a first manual ball valve, a solar circulating water pump, and a solar energy connected in sequence Collector, collector temperature/pressure valve, thermal cycle check valve and second manual ball valve;
  • the step of adding a temperature sensor to the original water heater that is, adding the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively at the output end of the solar collector, the water release valve hole at the bottom of the original water heater storage bucket, and the hot water outlet of the original water heater storage bucket And a third temperature sensor;
  • the step of adding a computer controller to the original water heater the computer controller being electrically connected to the solar circulating water pump and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor, respectively.
  • the solar heat collector is a vacuum heat pipe collector, comprising a heat collecting pipe and a plurality of vacuum heat collecting pipes, the heat collecting pipe a plurality of insertion holes are uniformly disposed in the longitudinal direction of the solar thermal cycle, and a small cannula is separately inserted into the insertion holes, and the upper end of the small cannula is closed and the lower end is open;
  • the vacuum heat collecting tubes respectively include a vacuum tube for absorbing heat and heat insulation and a heat pipe for conducting heat inserted in the center of the vacuum tube inner cavity, and the heat pipe in the vacuum heat collecting tube is inserted in the small cannula to collect heat through the solar energy.
  • the circulating water of the device flows only into the heat collecting pipe without flowing into the vacuum heat collecting pipe.
  • the above method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater wherein the heat collecting pipe and the small cannula are copper pipes or stainless steel pipes, and the outer portion of the heat collecting pipe is coated with an insulating layer.
  • the solar thermal cycle loop further comprises a vacuum valve connected between the collector temperature/pressure valve and the heat cycle check valve .
  • the above method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater wherein the method further comprises the steps of adding a cold water check valve, a thermostatic valve and a hot water circulation pump to the original water heater, that is, the cold water inlet pipe of the original water heater
  • a cold water check valve is added to the hot water outlet pipe of the original water heater storage bucket to add a thermostatic valve and a hot water circulation pump, and the hot water circulation pump is electrically connected to the computer controller.
  • the above method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater wherein the main control functions of the computer controller include: energy utilization based on solar energy resources, that is, no conventional energy source is used when solar energy resources are sufficient Heating circulating water, only when the solar energy is insufficient, the gas heater or electric heater of the original water heater is used as auxiliary energy to heat the circulating water; controlling the water temperature of the solar water heater; the maximum temperature protection of the solar collector; the antifreeze protection of the solar collector; Bucket maximum temperature control; water tank re-cooling function; system Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature display conversion; water tank automatic sterilization function; water heater hot water output hot water temperature control; water storage tank overheat protection; control system function manual adjustment and control system password protection.
  • the above method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater wherein the starting or closing of the gas heater or the electric heater of the original water heater as the auxiliary energy source may be controlled by the temperature control system of the original water heater, or may be The computer controller controls.
  • the technical solution of the method for converting ordinary gas or electric water heater into solar water heater of the invention can promote green energy conveniently, effectively and at low cost without prematurely removing the traditional gas water heater in the home.
  • the application of commercial and domestic gas or electric water heaters solves the current situation of mainly using gas or electricity as hot water energy, greatly reduces the consumption of non-renewable traditional energy sources and effectively reduces the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar water heater modified by the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural view of a heat collecting pipe of a solar collector of a solar water heater modified by the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2b is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2a. detailed description
  • the original water heater of the embodiment is a gas water heater, which has a closed pressurized water storage tank 1 .
  • the top of the water storage tank 1 is provided with a cold water inlet 11 , a hot water outlet 12 , a temperature/pressure valve 16 and a row.
  • the pipe 15 is provided with a drain valve hole 13 at the bottom, and the cold water inlet 11 and the hot water outlet 12 are respectively connected with a cold water inlet pipe 8 and a hot water outlet pipe 9, and a drain valve hole 13 is provided with a drain valve 17.
  • the method for converting a conventional gas or electric water heater into a solar water heater according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • a step of adding two three-way to the original water heater that is, adding a pipe 14 between the bottom water discharge valve hole 13 and the drain valve 17 of the original water heater storage tank 1 and installing a first three-way on the pipe 14, the first three The outlet of the outlet is used as the water inlet 21 of the solar thermal circulation loop, and a second three-way is added to the cold water inlet pipe 8 of the original water heater storage tank 1, and the inlet of the second three-way is used as the water outlet 29 of the solar thermal circulation loop;
  • the step of adding a solar thermal cycle to the original water heater that is, adding a solar thermal circulation loop between the water inlet 21 and the water outlet 29, the solar thermal circulation loop including a first manual ball valve 22 connected by a pipeline, and solar energy Circulating water pump 23, solar collector 24, collector temperature/pressure valve 25, vacuum valve 26, thermal cycle check valve 27 and second manual ball valve 28; thermal cycle check valve 27 ensures cold water inlet pipe 8
  • the cold water does not flow to the solar thermal circulation loop;
  • the collector temperature/pressure valve 25, the vacuum valve 26 can protect the solar thermal cycle loop;
  • the first manual ball valve 22 and the second manual ball valve 28 can be in the solar collector
  • the heat exchanger 24 needs to close the solar thermal cycle loop when it is repaired;
  • the step of adding a temperature sensor to the original water heater that is, adding the first temperature sensor 4 at the output end of the solar collector 24, the water discharge valve hole 13 at the bottom of the original water heater storage tank 1 and the hot water outlet 12 of the original water heater storage tank 1
  • the second temperature sensor 5 and the third temperature sensor 6; the temperature sensors induced by the first temperature sensor 4, the second temperature sensor 5 and the third temperature sensor 6 are T1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3, respectively;
  • a step of adding a computer controller to the original water heater the computer controller 3 being electrically connected to the solar circulation water pump 23 and the first temperature sensor 4, the second temperature sensor 5 and the third temperature sensor 6, respectively; adding a cold water check valve to the original water heater
  • the steps of the thermostatic valve and the hot water circulation pump that is, adding a cold water check valve 81 to the cold water inlet pipe 8 of the original water heater, the cold water check valve 81 is used to ensure that the hot water circulating in the solar heat collecting cycle does not flow.
  • a thermostatic valve 91 and a hot water circulation pump 92 are added to the hot water outlet pipe 9 of the original water heater storage tank 1, and the hot water circulation pump 92 is electrically connected with the computer controller 3; the thermostatic valve 91 is guaranteed to be converted into a solar water heater
  • the hot water output temperature can be set by the user to prevent the water storage tank 1 from outputting hot water of excessive temperature; the hot water circulation pump 92 is used as the hot water circulation power of the hot water supply system, and can also be controlled by the computer controller 3, in the summer.
  • the hot water is forced to circulate in the hot water outlet pipe 9 to lower the water temperature of the water storage tank 1.
  • the solar collector 24 is a vacuum heat pipe collector, which comprises a heat collecting pipe 241 and a plurality of vacuum heat collecting pipes 243, and the heat collecting pipe 241 (see FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b) is arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction.
  • the heat collecting tube 241 is made of a copper tube or a stainless steel tube material;
  • the small cannula 232 is The copper tube or the stainless steel tube is made and conforms to the material used for the heat collecting tube 241;
  • the heat collecting tube 241 is connected to the solar circulating water pump 23 in the solar thermal cycle through the pipeline;
  • the vacuum collecting tube 243 includes heat absorption and The insulated vacuum tube and the heat pipe inserted in the inner cavity of the vacuum tube for conducting heat; the heat pipe in the vacuum heat collecting tube 243 is inserted in the small cannula 242 so that the circulating water passing through the solar collector flows only into the heat collecting joint
  • the tube 241 does not flow into the vacuum heat collecting tube 243, and the solar heat energy collected by the vacuum heat collecting tube 243 is transmitted to the circulating water in the heat collecting connecting tube 241 by the small cannula 242;
  • the main control functions of the computer controller 3 include: energy utilization based on solar energy resources, that is, without using any conventional energy to heat the circulating water when the solar energy resources are sufficient, and only starting the gas heater of the original water heater when the solar energy is insufficient or Electric heater as auxiliary energy to heat circulating water; control water temperature of solar water heater; maximum temperature protection of solar collector; antifreeze protection of solar collector; maximum temperature control of water storage bucket; recooling function of water storage tank; system display conversion of Celsius and Fahrenheit ; automatic sterilization function of water storage bucket; hot water temperature control of hot water outlet of water heater; overheat protection of water storage tank; manual adjustment of control system and password protection of control system.
  • the working principle of the solar water heater modified by the method of the invention is:
  • the solar thermal circulation pump 23 is started under the control of the computer automatic controller 3 for collecting the sun collected by the solar collector 24 in the solar thermal cycle.
  • the heat energy is circulated to the water storage tank 1;
  • the computer controller 3 controls the start or close of the solar water circulating water pump 23 by the temperature difference between the water temperature T1 at the output end of the solar heat collector 24 and the water temperature T2 at the bottom of the water storage tank 1, and turns the solar circulation water pump on or off.
  • the temperature difference of 23 can be set by the user, and the computer controller 3 compares and controls the maximum water temperature of the solar water heater with the water temperature T3 of the hot water outlet 12 of the water storage tank 1; the water temperature T1 at the output end of the solar heat collector 24 and the bottom of the water storage tank 1
  • the difference in water temperature T2 reaches a certain set value, and the heat collecting circulation pump 23 is turned on, and the collected solar heat is generated.
  • the water can be transferred to the water storage tank 1 through the hot water circulation; as the heat energy is transmitted, the temperature of the output end of the solar heat collector 24 is gradually lowered, and the water temperature T2 of the water storage tank 1 is gradually increased, when the water temperature T1 of the output end of the solar heat collector 24 is When the temperature difference of the water temperature T2 at the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is reduced to a certain set value, the computer controller 3 controls the heat collecting circulation pump 23 to be turned off, and the solar water heating system stops heating the water in the water storage tank 1.
  • the computer controller 3 simultaneously detects the highest water temperature of the water storage tank 1 through the third temperature sensor 6, and when the hot water circulation causes the water temperature T3 of the hot water outlet 12 of the water storage tank 1 to reach the set maximum water temperature, the computer controller 3 passes different The control method, for example, by starting the hot water circulation pump 92 connected to the hot water outlet pipe 9, circulating the high temperature hot water in the water storage tank 1 in the hot water outlet pipe 9 to lower the water temperature of the water storage tank 1 to the highest setting. Under water temperature.
  • the computer controller 3 Under the condition that the illumination is sufficient, the computer controller 3 detects that the solar energy output by the solar collector 24 is sufficient to heat the water in the water storage tank 1 to the required temperature through the first temperature sensor 4, and the computer controller 3 controls the gas of the original water heater.
  • the heater or electric heater 7 is not activated, or the temperature of the water in the water storage tank 1 is sensed by the temperature control system of the original water heater. When the water temperature meets the set value, the gas heater or electric heater 7 of the original water heater does not start;
  • the computer controller 3 Under the condition of poor illumination, the computer controller 3 detects that the solar energy output by the solar collector 24 is insufficient by the first temperature sensor 4 to heat the water temperature T2 in the water storage tank 1 to a set value, and at the same time, due to the water storage tank 1
  • the gas heater or electric heater 7 of the original water heater is controlled to be turned on by the computer controller 3, or controlled by the temperature control system of the original water heater, and the water in the water storage tank 1 Heating is performed; when the computer controller 3 detects that the water temperature T2 in the water storage tank 1 reaches a certain set temperature by the third temperature sensor 6, the gas heater or electric heater 7 of the original water heater is turned off.
  • the solar heat collector 24 can be installed vertically on the wall in addition to the roof. Or install at an angle to the wall facing south.
  • the electric heating water heater commonly used in mobile garages can also be converted into a solar water heater by the method of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)

Description

说 明 书 利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能绿色能源应用领域， 具体涉及一种利用家庭、 商业普遍 使用的燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法。 技术背景
太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的绿色能源。 尽可能地利用太阳能与普通家 庭、 商业和企业的热水和采暖系统， 可以极大地减少对传统能源的使用， 以达 到节能减排和减少地球温室效应的目标。
目前在欧、 美等国家的家庭、 商业和企业中最常用的普通热水器绝大部分 是由燃气作为燃料， 少部分使用电能加热热水器， 通常在欧、 美国家的家庭的 车库中都有一个。 这种热水器具有一个封闭式的承压储水桶并直接与冷水进水 管连接。 这种燃气或电热水器随着中国对外交流的发展， 正在逐步被应用到中 国的家庭、 商业的热水系统。 这些燃气（电）热水器消耗的都是不可再生能源， 长此以往对节能减排和减少地球温室效应非常不利。 因此亟待有一种能利用这 些大量被使用的热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 以使用绿色能源、 节能减 排、 保护环境。 发明内容
本发明解决了现有热水器主要使用燃气和电加热传统能源的问题， 提供一 种利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 它能使原来的热水供 应系统能充分地利用太阳能这种绿色能源， 从而大大节省了原本需要消耗的不 可再生能源。
实现上述目的技术方案是： 一种利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热 水器的方法， 至少包括以下步骤：
给原热水器增加两个三通的步骤， 即在原热水器储水桶的底部放水阀孔和 放水阀之间增加一根管道并在该管道上安装第一三通， 该第一三通的出口作为 太阳能热循环环路的进水口， 并且在原热水器储水桶的冷水进水管上增加第二 三通， 该第二三通的入口作为太阳能热循环环路的出水口；
给原热水器增加太阳能热循环环路的步骤， 即在所述进水口与出水口之间 增加太阳能热循环环路， 该太阳能热循环环路包括依次连接的第一手动球阀、 太阳能循环水泵、 太阳能集热器、 集热器温度 /压力阀、 热循环止回阀和第二 手动球阀；
给原热水器增加温度传感器的步骤， 即在所述太阳能集热器的输出端、 在 原热水器储水桶的底部放水阀孔及原热水器储水桶的热水出口分别增加第一 温度传感器、 第二温度传感器及第三温度传感器；
给原热水器增加计算机控制器的步骤， 该计算机控制器分别与所述太阳能 循环水泵及所述第一温度传感器、 第二温度传感器及第三温度传感器电连接。
上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 太阳能集热器为真空热管集热器， 它包括一集热联接管及多个真空集热管， 所 述集热联接管与所述太阳能热循环环路连通， 它的长度方向间隔均布地开设多 个插孔， 这些插孔中分别密封地插有一小插管， 该小插管的上端封闭而下端开 口； 所述多个真空集热管分别包括用于吸热及隔热的真空管和插在真空管内腔 中央的用于传导热量的热管， 真空集热管中的热管插置在小插管中， 以使通过 太阳能集热器的循环水只流入所述集热联接管而不流入所述真空集热管内。
上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 集热联接管和小插管为铜管或不锈钢管， 并且所述集热联接管的外部包覆有绝 缘层。
上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 太阳能热循环环路还包括连接在所述集热器温度 /压力阀与所述热循环止回阀 之间的真空阀。
上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 方法还包括给原热水器增加冷水止回阀、 恒温阀及热水循环泵的步骤， 即在原 热水器的所述冷水进水管上增加冷水止回阀， 在原热水器储水桶的热水输出管 上增加恒温阀和热水循环泵， 该热水循环泵与所述计算机控制器电连接。 上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 计算机控制器的主要控制功能包括： 以太阳能资源为主的能源利用， 即在太阳 能资源足够的情况下不使用任何常规能源加热循环水， 只有在太阳能能源不足 时启动原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器作为辅助能源加热循环水； 控制太阳 能热水器的水温； 太阳能集热器最高温度保护； 太阳能集热器防冻保护； 储水 桶最高温度控制； 储水桶再冷却功能； 系统摄氏与华氏温度显示转换； 储水桶 自动杀菌功能； 热水器热水输出端热水温度控制； 储水桶过热保护； 控制系统 的功能手动调节和控制系统的密码保护。
上述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其中， 所述 作为辅助能源的原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器的启动和关闭可以由原热 水器的温控系统控制， 也可以由所述计算机控制器控制。
本发明的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法的技术方 案， 在不拆除家庭中原有的传统燃气热水器的前提下， 可以方便、 有效和低成 本地推广绿色能源一太阳能在使用最普遍的商业和家庭燃气或电热水器上的 应用， 解决了主要使用燃气或电力作为热水能源的现状， 极大地降低不可再生 的传统能源的消耗并有效减少二氧化碳等有害气体的排放。 附图说明
图 1是采用本发明的方法改装成的太阳能热水器的结构示意图； 图 2a 是采用本发明的方法改装成的太阳能热水器的太阳能集热器中集热 联接管的结构示意图；
图 2b是图 2a中的 A-A剖视图。 具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式并结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
请参阅图 1 , 本实施例的原热水器为燃气热水器， 它具有一封闭式的承压储 水桶 1 , 储水桶 1 的顶部设有冷水进口 11、 热水出口 12、 温度 /压力阀 16和 排烟管 15 , 底部设有放水阀孔 1 3 , 冷水进口 11和热水出口 12分别连接有冷 水进水管 8和热水输出管 9 , 放水阀孔 1 3安装有放水阀 17。 本发明的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 包括以下 步骤：
给原热水器增加两个三通的步骤， 即在原热水器储水桶 1的底部放水阀孔 13和放水阀 17之间增加一根管道 14并在该管道 14上安装第一三通， 该第一 三通的出口作为太阳能热循环环路的进水口 21 ,并且在原热水器储水桶 1的冷 水进水管 8上增加第二三通， 该第二三通的入口作为太阳能热循环环路的出水 口 29 ;
给原热水器增加太阳能热循环环路的步骤， 即在进水口 21与出水口 29之 间增加太阳能热循环环路， 该太阳能热循环环路包括通过管路依次连接的第一 手动球阀 22、 太阳能循环水泵 23、 太阳能集热器 24、 集热器温度 /压力阀 25、 真空阀 26、 热循环止回阀 27及第二手动球阀 28 ; 热循环止回阀 27可保证冷 水进水管 8 中的冷水不会流向太阳能热循环环路； 集热器温度 /压力阀 25、 真 空阀 26可以对太阳能热循环环路起保护作用； 第一手动球阀 22和第二手动球 阀 28可以在太阳能集热器 24需要维修时关闭太阳能热循环环路；
给原热水器增加温度传感器的步骤， 即在太阳能集热器 24 的输出端、 在 原热水器储水桶 1的底部放水阀孔 13及原热水器储水桶 1的热水出口 12分别 增加第一温度传感器 4、 第二温度传感器 5及第三温度传感器 6 ; 第一温度传 感器 4、 第二温度传感器 5及第三温度传感器 6所感应的水温分别为 Tl、 Τ2和 Τ3;
给原热水器增加计算机控制器的步骤， 该计算机控制器 3分别与太阳能循 环水泵 23及第一温度传感器 4、第二温度传感器 5及第三温度传感器 6电连接； 给原热水器增加冷水止回阀、 恒温阀及热水循环泵的步骤， 即在原热水器 的冷水进水管 8上增加冷水止回阀 81 , 该冷水止回阀 81用以保证太阳能集热 循环环路中循环的热水不会流向冷水供水源； 在原热水器储水桶 1的热水输出 管 9上增加恒温阀 91和热水循环泵 92 ,该热水循环泵 92与计算机控制器 3电 连接； 恒温阀 91保证改装成太阳能热水器后的热水输出温度可以由用户设定， 避免储水桶 1输出过高温度的热水； 热水循环泵 92 用作热水供水系统的热水 循环动力， 也可由计算机控制器 3控制， 在夏天储水桶 1的温度升高至最高控 制温度时启动， 强制使热水在热水输出管 9中循环以降低储水桶 1的水温。 太阳能集热器 24 为真空热管集热器， 它包括一集热联接管 241 及多个真 空集热管 243 , 集热联接管 241 (请参阅图 2a和图 2b )的长度方向间隔均布地 开设多个插孔， 这些插孔中分别密封地插有一小插管 242 , 该小插管 242的上 端封闭而下端开口， 集热联接管 241用铜管或不锈钢管材料制成； 小插管 232 由铜管或不锈钢管制成并与集热联接管 241 的所用材料一致； 集热联接管 241 通过管路与太阳能热循环环路中的太阳能循环水泵 23 连通； 真空集热管 243 包括用于吸热及隔热的真空管和插在真空管内腔当中的用于传导热量的热管； 真空集热管 243中的热管插置在小插管 242中， 以使通过太阳能集热器的循环 水只流入集热联接管 241而不流入真空集热管 243内， 由小插管 242将真空集 热管 243收集的太阳热能传递给集热联接管 241内的循环水；该集热联接管 241 的流量和流速设计得与太阳能集热循环环路的流量、 流速基本相同； 集热联接 管 241外部还包覆有绝缘层， 能很好地与外部环境绝缘， 同时由于真空集热管 243的真空热绝缘与集热联接管 241不连通， 对集热联接管 241有极好地热保 护， 所以集热联接管 241内可以直接循环储水桶 1中的水， 而不使用其它传导 介质作热循环传递工作液体；
计算机控制器 3的主要控制功能包括： 以太阳能资源为主的能源利用， 即 在太阳能资源足够的情况下不使用任何常规能源加热循环水， 只有在太阳能能 源不足时启动原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器作为辅助能源加热循环水； 控 制太阳能热水器的水温； 太阳能集热器最高温度保护； 太阳能集热器防冻保护； 储水桶最高温度控制； 储水桶再冷却功能； 系统摄氏与华氏温度显示转换； 储 水桶自动杀菌功能； 热水器热水输出端热水温度控制； 储水桶过热保护； 控制 系统的功能手动调节和控制系统的密码保护。
采用本发明的方法改装后的太阳能热水器的工作原理是： 太阳能热循环泵 23在计算机自动控制器 3的控制下启动工作，用以将太阳能热循环环路内的太 阳能集热器 24收集的太阳热能循环传递给储水桶 1 ; 计算机控制器 3通过太阳 能集热器 24输出端的水温 T1与储水桶 1底部的水温 T2的温度差来控制太阳 能循环水泵 23的启动或关闭， 开启或关闭太阳能循环水泵 23的温度差别可以 由用户设定， 计算机控制器 3用储水桶 1热水出口 12的水温 T3来比较和控制 太阳能热水器的最高水温； 在太阳能集热器 24输出端的水温 T1与储水桶 1底 部的水温 T2相比之差达到某一设定值， 集热循环泵 23开启， 将聚集的太阳热 能通过热水循环流动传输给储水桶 1 ; 随着热能的传递， 太阳能集热器 24输出 端的温度逐步降低， 储水桶 1的水温 T2逐步升高， 当太阳能集热器 24输出端 的水温 T1与储水桶 1底部的水温 T2的温度差减小到某一设定值时， 计算机控 制器 3控制集热循环泵 23关闭， 太阳能热水系统停止给储水桶 1中的水加热。 计算机控制器 3同时通过第三温度传感器 6检测储水桶 1的最高水温， 当热水 循环使储水桶 1的热水出口 12的水温 T3达到设定的最高水温时， 计算机控制 器 3通过不同的控制方法，比如通过启动接在热水输出管 9上的热水循环泵 92 , 使储水桶 1 内的高温热水在热水输出管 9中循环， 以使储水桶 1水温降低至最 高设定水温之下。
在光照充足的条件下， 计算机控制器 3通过第一温度传感器 4检测到太阳 能集热器 24输出的太阳能足够加热储水桶 1 中的水到达需要的温度， 由计算 机控制器 3控制原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器 7不启动， 或由原热水器的 温控系统感应储水桶 1内水的温度， 在水温满足设定值时， 原热水器的燃气加 热器或电加热器 7不启动；
在光照较差的条件下， 计算机控制器 3通过第一温度传感器 4检测太阳能 集热器 24输出的太阳能不足以加热储水桶 1中的水温 T2到设定的设定值， 同 时由于储水桶 1中热水的使用使水温降低至特定温度时， 原热水器的燃气加热 器或电加热器 7由计算机控制器 3控制开启， 或由其原热水器温控系统控制开 启， 对储水桶 1 内的水进行加热； 在计算机控制器 3通过第三温度传感器 6检 测储水桶 1 中的水温 T2 到达某一设定的温度时， 则原热水器的燃气加热器或 电加热器 7关闭。
采用本发明的方法改装后的太阳能热水器由于太阳能集热器 24 的真空集 热管 243 内不通过水， 故太阳能集热器 24 除了可以安装在屋顶外， 还可以垂 直地安装于面南的墙面或与面南的墙面成一定角度地安装。
采用本发明的方法还可以将移动车房上常用的电加热热水器改装成太阳 能热水器。
以上实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域中普通技术人员可根据上 述说明对本发明做出种种变化例。 因而， 实施方式中的某些细节不应构成对本 发明的限定， 本发明将以所附权利要求书界定的范围作为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法， 其特征在 于， 所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
给原热水器增加两个三通的步骤， 即在原热水器储水桶的底部放水阀孔和 放水阀之间增加一根管道并在该管道上安装第一三通， 该第一三通的出口作为 太阳能热循环环路的进水口， 并且在原热水器储水桶的冷水进水管上增加第二 三通， 该第二三通的入口作为太阳能热循环环路的出水口；
给原热水器增加太阳能热循环环路的步骤， 即在所述进水口与出水口之间 增加太阳能热循环环路， 该太阳能热循环环路包括依次连接的第一手动球阀、 太阳能循环水泵、 太阳能集热器、 集热器温度 /压力阀、 热循环止回阀和第二 手动球阀；
给原热水器增加温度传感器的步骤， 即在所述太阳能集热器的输出端、 在 原热水器储水桶的底部放水阀孔及原热水器储水桶的热水出口分别增加第一 温度传感器、 第二温度传感器及第三温度传感器；
给原热水器增加计算机控制器的步骤， 该计算机控制器分别与所述太阳能 循环水泵及所述第一温度传感器、 第二温度传感器及第三温度传感器电连接。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 方法， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能集热器为真空热管集热器， 它包括一集热联接 管及多个真空集热管， 所述集热联接管与所述太阳能热循环环路连通， 它的长 度方向间隔均布地开设多个插孔， 这些插孔中分别密封地插有一小插管， 该小 插管的上端封闭而下端开口； 所述多个真空集热管分别包括用于吸热及隔热的 真空管和插在真空管内腔中央的用于传导热量的热管， 真空集热管中的热管插 置在小插管中， 以使通过太阳能集热器的循环水只流入所述集热联接管而不流 入所述真空集热管内。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 方法， 其特征在于， 所述集热联接管和小插管为铜管或不锈钢管， 并且所述集 热联接管的外部包覆有绝缘层。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 一 1一 方法， 其特征在于， 所述太阳能热循环环路还包括连接在所述集热器温度 /压 力阀与所述热循环止回阀之间的真空阀。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法还包括给原热水器增加冷水止回阀、 恒温阀及热 水循环泵的步骤， 即在原热水器的所述冷水进水管上增加冷水止回阀， 在原热 水器储水桶的热水输出管上增加恒温阀和热水循环泵， 该热水循环泵与所述计 算机控制器电连接。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 方法， 其特征在于， 所述计算机控制器的主要控制功能包括： 以太阳能资源为 主的能源利用， 即在太阳能资源足够的情况下不使用任何常规能源加热循环 水， 只有在太阳能能源不足时启动原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器作为辅助 能源加热循环水； 控制太阳能热水器的水温； 太阳能集热器最高温度保护； 太 阳能集热器防冻保护； 储水桶最高温度控制； 储水桶再冷却功能； 系统摄氏与 华氏温度显示转换； 储水桶自动杀菌功能； 热水器热水输出端热水温度控制； 储水桶过热保护； 控制系统的功能手动调节和控制系统的密码保护。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的 方法， 其特征在于， 所述作为辅助能源的原热水器的燃气加热器或电加热器的 启动和关闭可以由原热水器的温控系统控制， 也可以由所述计算机控制器控 制。
- 2 -
PCT/CN2010/076528 2010-04-26 2010-09-01 利用普通燃气或电热水器改装成太阳能热水器的方法 WO2011134222A1 (zh)

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