WO2011133615A1 - Process and system for mixing, binding and stabilizing agents for manufacturing refuse driven solid waste - Google Patents
Process and system for mixing, binding and stabilizing agents for manufacturing refuse driven solid waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011133615A1 WO2011133615A1 PCT/US2011/033150 US2011033150W WO2011133615A1 WO 2011133615 A1 WO2011133615 A1 WO 2011133615A1 US 2011033150 W US2011033150 W US 2011033150W WO 2011133615 A1 WO2011133615 A1 WO 2011133615A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- solid
- mixing
- fuel
- solid waste
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010805 inorganic waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to waste to energy systems and methods.
- the instant invention is further directed to processes and systems for mixing, binding, and stabilizing agents for manufactured refuse driven solid fuel.
- Gasification is a proven manufacturing process that converts hydrocarbons in any organic fuel to a synthesis gas (syngas), which can be further processed to produce chemicals, fertilizers, liquid fuels, hydrogen, and electricity.
- Gasification is a flexible, commercially proven, and efficient technology.
- Waste to Energy (WTE) gasification can help improve air quality by reducing Green House Gas emissions as well as emissions of several major key air pollutants, as well as dioxins, depending on which feedstock's are employed. These emission reductions can provide economic and environmental benefits by virtually eliminating toxic emissions and lowering emission-related operating costs, such as allowance permit costs and emissions- control equipment expenses
- WTE gasification achieves the reduction of greenhouse gas emission through three separate mechanisms: 1) Generating electrical power or steam.
- composition of the waste material in its natural state is also a limiting factor as a result, of decomposition, odor, environmental leachate, and the inability to store or create inventory.
- processes of alternative and traditional power generation such as coal, gas, pyrolisis gasification, gasification and plasma arc gasification, are all benefited from the stabilization and the method of creating a variable or constant BTU value and thermal image.
- the instant invention provides systems and methods for making solid fuels from various waste compositions.
- the present invention provides solid fuels that enhance the efficiency and throughputs of energy generation in the fields of coal, natural gas, syngas, gasification, plasma arc gasification pyrolysis, and pyrolysis gasification.
- One embodiment of the present intervention relates generally to the composition of the compounds used in the system and the method of mixing or injection of the compounds into the engineered fuel to bind into a solid form, regardless of shape. Also, embodied in the process is the ability to increase or decrease BTU value of the engineered fuel and its base chemical or thermal image. Additionally, the present invention provides means to act as a method of stabilization or containment of any type or form of waste.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a chart representing the analysis of a composition in accordance with the present invention.
- the system and process of the present invention may be used with any combination of any solid or liquid refuse driven fuel.
- the combination of organic or inorganic compounds may be used in the process or either may be used singularly to produce the stabilization and density of the engineered fuel.
- the invention may comprise one or several features as described herein, and or several combinations of the process of injection and mixing.
- the process is comprised of various materials both organic and inorganic, but considered carbon neutral.
- the base process will provide binding of either solid or liquid and can be used in any combination or ratio of solid to liquid as a percentage of weight or volume.
- the system will use the resultant of the process to create a base product and will inject or insert into the engineered fuel.
- the system will use a mixer to establish the baseline product.
- the system may comprise an additional mixer to enhance or reduce the viscosity and absorption rat io predicated of the initial state of the engineered fuel.
- Additional embodiments of the system may comprise automatic controllers to adjust and limit the exact amount of the additives to the baseline products.
- the additives may be either organic or inorganic and will have the ability to increase or decrease the BTU value of the base engineered fuel.
- Further embodiments may comprise the addition of heat to the system for its drying and ability to transform the products neutral state.
- the mixture can be based on a single compound, either organic or inorganic and will establish a baseline BTU value and thermal model.
- the single compound can be blended with two or more alternative compounds that will produce a difficult BTU value and a set; of trace chemical elements.
- the addition of heat to the final blend will only be added to affect the viscosity and set time of the injection into the solid fuel mix.
- the material will be injected under pressure.
- the volume and pressure will be a function of density of the solid fuel, amount of oxygen balance, as well as BTU and thermal model.
- the fuel With the establishment of the desired BTU value and chemical composition for the manufactured solid fuel, the fuel will be balanced by either stabilization, encasement or solidifying methods. In either case, the use of binding agents may be used.
- the BTU value of the manufactured solid fuel may be manipulated by the addition of either a single compound or two or more compounds.
- the compounds may be either organic or inorganic, or a combination of either group to increase or decrease the final BTU value and thermal image of the gaseous compounds of the solid fuel.
- the compounds either organics or inorganic, will be derived as a byproduct or substate of the original MSW, but have been altered in either state or molecular structure.
- Compounds may also be added to increase viscosity of the additive to the solid fuel.
- the compounds may be comprised of variable compositions and can be either Newtonian or non- Newtonian in composition.
- BTU value and thermal image of the additive may be used to increase or decrease the base mix of either the binding or solidifying agent of the solid fuel to effect stability of the final solid fuel.
- the viscosity of either the single or multiple variable compositions of the additive to the solid fuel may be used to effectively increase or decrease the additive of the solid fuel for shear stress, velocity or gradient of the additive and ultimately the final solid fuel.
- Dry or liquid organics or inorganics may be used as a binding agent.
- the medium may he either neutral in BTU value, or be combined singularly or with two or more mediums as to increase or decrease carbon value.
- Organic or Inorganic medium used as a binding agent may be used singularly or with two or more agents as to not affect BTU value, but used to change the molecular structure to increase or decrease gas composition of the thermal image.
- Mixing of the medium used to create the binding agent may be accomplished by either manual or automatic process.
- the use of a singular mixing means and methods will produce a 60% of the singular agent or the introduction of two or more mediums used as the base binding agent or the manufactured solid fuel.
- the mixing process will enable a desired level of air and moisture entrapment in the base binding agent. This process may be used singularly or with two or more of the medium used to create the blended binding agent.
- Entrapment of moisture and air may be adjusted singularly or in combination and may be mixed as to generate disproportionate ratios of air and moisture.
- controllers may be added to the mixing process.
- the addition of the controllers may be either hydraulic or electrical, and/or any combination of the two.
- the controllers may be used to adjust the speed, volume, temperature and velocity of the medium used in the binding agent either singularly or in any combination of two or more agents that are creating the binding agent.
- Controllers used in the mixing may be incorporated to adjust the process on either the x or y axis to effect moisture, and/or entrapment of air.
- the controllers may be used in the mixing process to affect the additives from either a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a solid, while maintaining the optimum dynamic viscosity.
- Automated controllers used in the mixing process will effect mixing not only dimensionally on the x and y axis, but also as it correlates to volume, density, temperature, as well as fugitive elasticity, not only as a factor of the binding agent, but also the manufactured solid fuel.
- a gas be created or incorporated as part of the entrapment mixing a defined minimum and maximum ratio will be used to increase or decrease viscosity with the increase if temperature of the binding agent.
- the use of a single or multiple controllers as to location, size, functionality, in the process of establishing the medium(s) used to develop the base binding agent may he established with the introduction of computer aided design simulation or CAE to the process. If CAE is used; the simulation will not only be for the incorporation of the controllers, but; may be used to establish concurrent engineering versus
- CAE simulation for the binding agent may be used to establish process parameter control, encasement design considerations and cost estimation.
- the binding agent may be incorporated into the solid fuel process manually or automatically by various forms and techniques of injection.
- components in the additive may be placed in a free flow manner, with varying degrees or percentages of incorporation into the manufactured solid fuel.
- Automatic incorporation of the binding agent into the manufactured solid fuel process may be instituted in single or multiple steps and area's of the
- incorporation of the binding agent are dependent on the desired specification of the solid fuel for BTU value and thermal value.
- Automatic injection of the binding agent will be based on the thermal properties of the mediums used to create the binding agent.
- Automatic injection of the binding agent may be incorporated into the process at a single point or at multiple points of the x and y axis dependant on shape, volume, density of the encapsulation and method used to process for shipment.
- the form and type of material used to encapsulate the manufactured solid fuel may require single or multiple parts of injection of the binding agent to ensure tot al solidification of the binding agent to the manufactured solid fuel.
- Mold flow analysis may be added to the CAE simulation process to adjust injection pressure and to manipulate thermal property, variable solidifying rates, flow paths and set; time.
- Single gates or two or more gates may be used to ensure complete integration of the binding into the manufactured solid fuels.
- a single gate or multiple gates can be incorporated into the injection controllers to set a uniform rate of psi (pounds per square inch) or exert a maximum pressure of 20,000 psi.
- Pressure and flow control for injection will also be based on the thickness of the wall encapsulation material, shape and compressive strength.
- Dynamic modeling of pressure, flow and gates may be incorporated to establish the tensile or compressive strength under full load of the encapsulated manufactured solid fuel.
- Additional pumps may be introduced to create vacuum pressure for the removal of air within the encasement as the manufactured solid fuel is added.
- the addition of one or more binding agents may be incorporated for desired vacuum pressure prior to full encapsulation.
- the volume of air removed is a direct ratio of the optimum fuel design as required by the customer.
- the quality of entrapped air may be modified positively or negatively to maintain BTU and thermal value. Cont rollers used in conjunction with pumps will adjust excessive transient pressure to prevent molecular degradation of the material and shape used for encapsulation.
- the introduction of moisture may be found/used in either as a by product of organic and/or inorganic material used in either the binding agent or within the
- Moisture will be adjusted by addition or subtraction by either pumps or gate valves to prevent dangerous transient pressures being entrapped as a final component of the manufactured solid fuel.
- a solid fuel was produced using methods in accordance with the instant invention.
- the desired analysis of the solid fuel is outlined in Table 2.
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to waste to energy systems and methods for making solid fuels from various waste compositions. The instant invention is further directed to processes and systems for mixing, binding, and stabilizing agents for manufactured refuse driven solid fuel. Said solid fuels enhance the efficiency and throughputs of energy generation in the fields of coal, natural gas, syngas, gasification, plasma arc gasification pyrolysis, and pyrolysis gasification. One embodiment relates to the composition of the compounds used in the system and the method of mixing or injection of the compounds into the engineered fuel to bind into a solid form, regardless of shape. Embodied in the process is the ability to increase or decrease BTU value of the engineered fuel and its base chemical or thermal image. The present invention provides means to act as a method of stabilization or containment of any type or form of waste.
Description
Process and system for mixing, binding and stabilizing agents for
manufacturing refuse driven solid waste.
Inventors: William F. Rhatigan and Gerard J O'Brien
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to waste to energy systems and methods. The instant invention is further directed to processes and systems for mixing, binding, and stabilizing agents for manufactured refuse driven solid fuel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Large qua ntities of solid waste, construction debris, large items, and low value hazardous waste are generated daily in urban, suburban, and rural areas.
Additionally, industrial, manufacturing, and agricultural businesses generate solid waste in vast quantities. This waste is a problem globally. Typically, land filling and incineration have been used as common means of waste disposal. This creates excessive environmental problems, e.g., various chemical leaching and air pollution, etc., and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas concerns.
Even with recycling efforts and increased awareness, the majority of waste is being hauled and buried in landfills, which within itself creates environmental concerns and problems. It is accordingly desirable to process and manufacture this waste into a viable and renewable manufactured product, such as solid, usable fuel.
Gasification is a proven manufacturing process that converts hydrocarbons in any organic fuel to a synthesis gas (syngas), which can be further processed to produce chemicals, fertilizers, liquid fuels, hydrogen, and electricity. Gasification is a flexible, commercially proven, and efficient technology. Waste to Energy (WTE) gasification can help improve air quality by reducing Green House Gas emissions as
well as emissions of several major key air pollutants, as well as dioxins, depending on which feedstock's are employed. These emission reductions can provide economic and environmental benefits by virtually eliminating toxic emissions and lowering emission-related operating costs, such as allowance permit costs and emissions- control equipment expenses WTE gasification achieves the reduction of greenhouse gas emission through three separate mechanisms: 1) Generating electrical power or steam. - combustion avoids carbon dioxide (C02) emissions from fossil fuel based electrical generation, 2) gasification process effectively avoids all potential methane emissions from landfills; thereby avoiding any potential release of methane in the future and, 3) Recovery of ferrous and nonferrous metals from a MSW
(Manufactured Solid Waste) is more energy efficient than production from raw materials.
In addition to gasification, the use of coal in power generation currently is 1 billion tons per year, in the USA alone. Coal provides an economical method to heat and steam generation. The inherent problem with coal as a. fuel is the emissions creating greenhouse gases and toxic dioxins. EcoTac .m reduces the gases and toxic dioxins when co-fired with coal, while not impeding the efficiency or operation.
The composition of the waste material in its natural state is also a limiting factor as a result, of decomposition, odor, environmental leachate, and the inability to store or create inventory. The processes of alternative and traditional power generation, such as coal, gas, pyrolisis gasification, gasification and plasma arc gasification, are all benefited from the stabilization and the method of creating a variable or constant BTU value and thermal image.
Currently, the majority of solid or industrial waste is transported in its "natural form". This provides for not only environmental issues, but an extremely poor weight to volume ratio. There are methods of compacting and bailing that will
increase the weight to volume, but neither method environmentally stabilizes the product. Additionally, these methods provide little ability to prolong 'shelf life". The process and system will not only resolve these issues, but add the benefit of altering the BTU value and thei'mal model positively or negatively.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention provides systems and methods for making solid fuels from various waste compositions.
The present invention provides solid fuels that enhance the efficiency and throughputs of energy generation in the fields of coal, natural gas, syngas, gasification, plasma arc gasification pyrolysis, and pyrolysis gasification.
One embodiment of the present intervention relates generally to the composition of the compounds used in the system and the method of mixing or injection of the compounds into the engineered fuel to bind into a solid form, regardless of shape. Also, embodied in the process is the ability to increase or decrease BTU value of the engineered fuel and its base chemical or thermal image. Additionally, the present invention provides means to act as a method of stabilization or containment of any type or form of waste.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 3 is a diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 4 is a chart representing the analysis of a composition in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the principles of the present invention are described by referring to various exemplary embodiments thereof. Although the preferred embodiments of the invention are particularly disclosed herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the same principles are equally applicable to, and can be implicated in other compositions and methods, and that any such variation would be within such modifications that do not part from the scope of the present invention. Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail, it is also to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of any particular embodiment shown, since of course the invention is capable of other embodiments. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Further, although certain methods are described with reference to certain steps that are presented herein in certain order, in many instances, these steps may be performed in any order as may be appreciated by one skilled in the art, and the methods are not limited to the particular arrangement of steps disclosed herein.
The system and process of the present invention may be used with any combination of any solid or liquid refuse driven fuel. The combination of organic or inorganic compounds may be used in the process or either may be used singularly to produce the stabilization and density of the engineered fuel.
The invention may comprise one or several features as described herein, and or several combinations of the process of injection and mixing. The process is comprised of various materials both organic and inorganic, but considered carbon neutral. The base process will provide binding of either solid or liquid and can be used in any combination or ratio of solid to liquid as a percentage of weight or volume. The system will use the resultant of the process to create a base product and will inject or insert into the engineered fuel.
The system will use a mixer to establish the baseline product. The system may comprise an additional mixer to enhance or reduce the viscosity and absorption rat io predicated of the initial state of the engineered fuel.
Additional embodiments of the system may comprise automatic controllers to adjust and limit the exact amount of the additives to the baseline products. The additives may be either organic or inorganic and will have the ability to increase or decrease the BTU value of the base engineered fuel. Further embodiments may comprise the addition of heat to the system for its drying and ability to transform the products neutral state.
The mixture can be based on a single compound, either organic or inorganic and will establish a baseline BTU value and thermal model. The single compound can be blended with two or more alternative compounds that will produce a difficult BTU value and a set; of trace chemical elements. The addition of heat to the final blend will only be added to affect the viscosity and set time of the injection into the solid fuel mix.
Depending on the form and shape of the final enclosed or encapsulation, the material will be injected under pressure. The volume and pressure will be a function of density of the solid fuel, amount of oxygen balance, as well as BTU and thermal model.
Example 1
With the establishment of the desired BTU value and chemical composition for the manufactured solid fuel, the fuel will be balanced by either stabilization, encasement or solidifying methods. In either case, the use of binding agents may be used.
The BTU value of the manufactured solid fuel may be manipulated by the addition of either a single compound or two or more compounds.
The compounds may be either organic or inorganic, or a combination of either group to increase or decrease the final BTU value and thermal image of the gaseous compounds of the solid fuel.
Ideally, the compounds, either organics or inorganic, will be derived as a byproduct or substate of the original MSW, but have been altered in either state or molecular structure.
Compounds may also be added to increase viscosity of the additive to the solid fuel. The compounds may be comprised of variable compositions and can be either Newtonian or non- Newtonian in composition.
BTU value and thermal image of the additive may be used to increase or decrease the base mix of either the binding or solidifying agent of the solid fuel to effect stability of the final solid fuel.
The viscosity of either the single or multiple variable compositions of the additive to the solid fuel may be used to effectively increase or decrease the additive of the solid
fuel for shear stress, velocity or gradient of the additive and ultimately the final solid fuel.
Dry or liquid organics or inorganics may be used as a binding agent. The medium may he either neutral in BTU value, or be combined singularly or with two or more mediums as to increase or decrease carbon value.
Organic or Inorganic medium used as a binding agent may be used singularly or with two or more agents as to not affect BTU value, but used to change the molecular structure to increase or decrease gas composition of the thermal image.
Mixing of the medium used to create the binding agent may be accomplished by either manual or automatic process. The use of a singular mixing means and methods will produce a 60% of the singular agent or the introduction of two or more mediums used as the base binding agent or the manufactured solid fuel.
The mixing process will enable a desired level of air and moisture entrapment in the base binding agent. This process may be used singularly or with two or more of the medium used to create the blended binding agent.
Entrapment of moisture and air may be adjusted singularly or in combination and may be mixed as to generate disproportionate ratios of air and moisture.
The process of mixing may be accomplished manually or automatically in any combination that creates the effective binding agent with the necessaiy
coheeiveness to solidify the manufactured solid fuel from the transformation point in the manufacturing process of recombination, but befoi-e final packaging.
The use of automated controllers may be added to the mixing process. The addition of the controllers may be either hydraulic or electrical, and/or any combination of the two.
The controllers may be used to adjust the speed, volume, temperature and velocity of the medium used in the binding agent either singularly or in any combination of two or more agents that are creating the binding agent.
Controllers used in the mixing may be incorporated to adjust the process on either the x or y axis to effect moisture, and/or entrapment of air.
The controllers may be used in the mixing process to affect the additives from either a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a solid, while maintaining the optimum dynamic viscosity.
Automated controllers used in the mixing process will effect mixing not only dimensionally on the x and y axis, but also as it correlates to volume, density, temperature, as well as fugitive elasticity, not only as a factor of the binding agent, but also the manufactured solid fuel.
During mixing of the binding agent should a gas be created or incorporated as part of the entrapment mixing a defined minimum and maximum ratio will be used to increase or decrease viscosity with the increase if temperature of the binding agent.
The use of a single or multiple controllers as to location, size, functionality, in the process of establishing the medium(s) used to develop the base binding agent may he established with the introduction of computer aided design simulation or CAE to the process.
If CAE is used; the simulation will not only be for the incorporation of the controllers, but; may be used to establish concurrent engineering versus
sequentional engineering and material control.
Additionally, CAE simulation for the binding agent may be used to establish process parameter control, encasement design considerations and cost estimation.
The binding agent may be incorporated into the solid fuel process manually or automatically by various forms and techniques of injection.
Manual incorporation of the binding agent may use singular or multiple
components in the additive and may be placed in a free flow manner, with varying degrees or percentages of incorporation into the manufactured solid fuel.
Automatic incorporation of the binding agent into the manufactured solid fuel process may be instituted in single or multiple steps and area's of the
manufacturing process.
Variables effecting the location and volume of the manual or automatic
incorporation of the binding agent are dependent on the desired specification of the solid fuel for BTU value and thermal value.
Automatic injection of the binding agent will be based on the thermal properties of the mediums used to create the binding agent.
Automatic injection of the binding agent may be incorporated into the process at a single point or at multiple points of the x and y axis dependant on shape, volume, density of the encapsulation and method used to process for shipment.
The form and type of material used to encapsulate the manufactured solid fuel may require single or multiple parts of injection of the binding agent to ensure tot al solidification of the binding agent to the manufactured solid fuel.
Mold flow analysis may be added to the CAE simulation process to adjust injection pressure and to manipulate thermal property, variable solidifying rates, flow paths and set; time.
Single gates or two or more gates may be used to ensure complete integration of the binding into the manufactured solid fuels.
A single gate or multiple gates can be incorporated into the injection controllers to set a uniform rate of psi (pounds per square inch) or exert a maximum pressure of 20,000 psi.
Pressure and flow control for injection will also be based on the thickness of the wall encapsulation material, shape and compressive strength.
Dynamic modeling of pressure, flow and gates may be incorporated to establish the tensile or compressive strength under full load of the encapsulated manufactured solid fuel.
Additional pumps may be introduced to create vacuum pressure for the removal of air within the encasement as the manufactured solid fuel is added. The addition of one or more binding agents may be incorporated for desired vacuum pressure prior to full encapsulation.
The volume of air removed is a direct ratio of the optimum fuel design as required by the customer. The quality of entrapped air may be modified positively or negatively to maintain BTU and thermal value.
Cont rollers used in conjunction with pumps will adjust excessive transient pressure to prevent molecular degradation of the material and shape used for encapsulation.
The introduction of moisture may be found/used in either as a by product of organic and/or inorganic material used in either the binding agent or within the
manufactured solid fuel.
Moisture will be adjusted by addition or subtraction by either pumps or gate valves to prevent dangerous transient pressures being entrapped as a final component of the manufactured solid fuel.
Example 2
A solid fuel was produced using methods in accordance with the instant invention. The desired analysis of the solid fuel is outlined in Table 2.
Based on an average 5% moisture content
Examples of the actual analysis of the solid fuel can be seen in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, solid fuel produced in accordance with the instant invention surpasses desired dry analysis targets.
Example 3
Additional samples of solid fuel were produced in accordance with the methods described herein. The analysis of these samples is shown in Tables 3 and 4.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art may make various modifications to described embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. The terms and descriptions used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. In particular, although the
present invention has been described by way of examples, a variety of compositions and methods would practice the inventive concepts described herein. Although the invent ion has been described and disclosed in various terms and certain
embodiments, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved, especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these and other variations are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing solid fuel with enhanced efGciency and thvoughputs of energy from solid waste comprising the steps of :
determining a desired BTU value for the solid fuel;
obtaining solid waste;
determining the BTU value of the solid waste;
manipulating the BTU value of the solid waste to the desired BTU value; and manufacturing solid fuel from the solid waste.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of adding a binding agent to the solid waste.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the binding agent is organic.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the binding agent is inorganic.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the BTU value of the solid waste is manipulated by the addition of at least one composition of known BTU value.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of adding additional compounds in order to affect the physical characteristics of the solid fuel.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a machine implemented method.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid waste comprises inorganic waste.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid waste comprises organic waste.
10. Solid fuel manufactured in accordance with the method of claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US32594610P | 2010-04-20 | 2010-04-20 | |
US61/325,946 | 2010-04-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011133615A1 true WO2011133615A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
WO2011133615A8 WO2011133615A8 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
Family
ID=44834492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/033150 WO2011133615A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Process and system for mixing, binding and stabilizing agents for manufacturing refuse driven solid waste |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110308147A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011133615A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008264756A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-11-06 | Kunitomo Kankyo Plant:Kk | Apparatus and method for treating organic waste and organic material obtained by the treatment method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5429645A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1995-07-04 | Benson; Peter H. | Solid fuel and process for combustion of the solid fuel |
US5888256A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1999-03-30 | Morrison; Garrett L. | Managed composition of waste-derived fuel |
WO1999055806A1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1999-11-04 | Vera Vasilievna Myasoedova | Composition for manufacture of fuel briquettes |
US20060004237A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-01-05 | Appel Brian S | Process for conversion of organic, waste, or low-value materials into useful products |
US20080022587A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Macchio Steven J | Solid fuel from brown grease and methods and systems for brown grease and sewage sludge recycling |
-
2011
- 2011-04-20 WO PCT/US2011/033150 patent/WO2011133615A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-04-20 US US13/090,349 patent/US20110308147A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5429645A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1995-07-04 | Benson; Peter H. | Solid fuel and process for combustion of the solid fuel |
US5888256A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1999-03-30 | Morrison; Garrett L. | Managed composition of waste-derived fuel |
WO1999055806A1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1999-11-04 | Vera Vasilievna Myasoedova | Composition for manufacture of fuel briquettes |
US20060004237A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-01-05 | Appel Brian S | Process for conversion of organic, waste, or low-value materials into useful products |
US20080022587A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Macchio Steven J | Solid fuel from brown grease and methods and systems for brown grease and sewage sludge recycling |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2011133615A8 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
US20110308147A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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