WO2011127848A2 - 一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法 - Google Patents

一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011127848A2
WO2011127848A2 PCT/CN2011/074086 CN2011074086W WO2011127848A2 WO 2011127848 A2 WO2011127848 A2 WO 2011127848A2 CN 2011074086 W CN2011074086 W CN 2011074086W WO 2011127848 A2 WO2011127848 A2 WO 2011127848A2
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Prior art keywords
array
column
elements
array antenna
units
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PCT/CN2011/074086
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French (fr)
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WO2011127848A3 (zh
Inventor
张跃军
谢华治
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201180000611.0A priority Critical patent/CN102308438B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/074086 priority patent/WO2011127848A2/zh
Publication of WO2011127848A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011127848A2/zh
Publication of WO2011127848A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011127848A3/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an array antenna and a method for controlling the beamwidth of an array antenna.
  • An array antenna may comprise one or more column elements.
  • Existing column units are usually formed by a plurality of array elements on the same axis through amplitude and phase.
  • the array elements can be various antenna oscillators, such as half-wave oscillators, patch oscillators, and the like. Taking a half-wave oscillator as an example, the beam width is 78 degrees. After forming the column unit, the beam width can be controlled to 90 degrees, 65 degrees, and 33 degrees through the reflector.
  • the miniaturization limitation of the antenna volume makes the width of each column of the multi-array antenna small, which limits the shape of the reflector to a large extent, in this case, It is usually only possible to control the beam width of each column unit to be between 90 degrees and 100 degrees.
  • the directional antenna mostly adopts the case where the horizontal plane beam width is 65 degrees.
  • the prior art provides the following technical solutions: The amplitude and phase weights of the column elements are used to achieve 65 degree beam coverage.
  • Presetting the amplitude phase weights for each column unit is complicated and consumes radiant energy, resulting in a decrease in the radiation efficiency of the column elements, and the coverage pattern beam of the array antenna is shifted when the electrical down is tilted.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an array antenna and a control array antenna.
  • the method of beamwidth is as follows:
  • An array antenna comprising a plurality of array elements arranged at intervals, the array elements forming a plurality of column units, each of the column units comprising a plurality of array element units, the plurality of array element units being distributed adjacent to each other
  • the array element is a single array element or an array of at least two array elements adjacent to each other in the same column, and adjacent array elements in each of the column elements At least some of the elements do not overlap in the horizontal direction.
  • a method for controlling beamwidth of an array antenna comprising: selecting a plurality of array elements from a column adjacent to an array antenna to form a column unit, wherein the array element is a single array element or at least adjacent in the same column An array of two array elements, adjacent ones of the array elements in each of the column units do not overlap at least in the lateral direction.
  • the horizontal and vertical spacing between the array elements are changed by selecting a plurality of array elements in adjacent columns of the array antenna to form a column unit, thereby controlling the beam width.
  • the phase advance and lag between the different array element units can be controlled by the feed network, thereby adjusting the beam of the column unit to ensure that the pattern beam is covered when the electric down is tilted. Does not shift, which in turn increases column unit gain.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the embodiment provides an array antenna, which includes a plurality of array elements 11, and the array elements 11 constitute a plurality of column units.
  • Each of the column units includes a plurality of array element units 12, and the plurality of array element units 12 are distributed in two adjacent array elements, as shown by the dashed box in the figure, the array element unit 12 is a single
  • the array element 11 or an array of array elements consisting of at least two array elements 11 adjacent in the same column, the array elements 12 of each of the column elements are staggered in a lateral direction, and the horizontal direction refers to the arrangement direction of each row of array elements. Parallel directions.
  • the array elements 11 are arranged in a matrix form.
  • the number of array units 12 in each of the column units is an odd number.
  • the array units 12 of each of the column units may not necessarily be staggered in the lateral direction, but only a part of the lateral direction does not overlap.
  • the array element 11 may be a half-wave vibrator, a patch vibrator, a microstrip vibrator, or the like, and any antenna vibrator may be used, or a combination of antenna vibrators, such as a cross vibrator formed by orthogonally arranging two half-wave vibrators.
  • the lateral and longitudinal spacing between the array elements is changed to control the beamwidth.
  • the phase advance and lag between different array elements can be controlled by the feed network, thereby adjusting the beam of the column unit to ensure that the coverage pattern beam is not offset when the power is tilted down, thereby increasing the column unit gain.
  • the array antenna includes a plurality of array elements 21, and the array elements 21 constitute a plurality of column elements, and the array elements 21 in two adjacent columns are arranged in a horizontally staggered manner.
  • Each of the column units includes a plurality of array elements 22, the array elements 22 being distributed among adjacent array elements, the array elements 22 being a single array element 21 or at least adjacent in the same column
  • An array of two array elements 21, adjacent ones of the array elements 22 in each of the column units do not overlap in the lateral direction.
  • the number of array elements 22 in each of the column units is preferably an odd number.
  • the array element 21 may be a half-wave vibrator, a patch vibrator, a microstrip vibrator, etc., and any antenna vibrator may be used, or a combination of antenna vibrators, such as a cross vibrator formed by orthogonally two half-wave vibrators.
  • the horizontal and vertical spacing between the array elements are changed by selecting a plurality of array elements in adjacent columns of the array antenna to form a column unit, thereby controlling the beam width.
  • the phase advance and lag between the different array element units can be controlled by the feed network, thereby adjusting the beam of the column unit, and ensuring that the direction beam is not covered when the electric down is tilted. Offset, which in turn increases column unit gain.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a beam width of an array antenna, the method comprising: selecting a plurality of array elements from a column adjacent to an array antenna to form a column unit, wherein the array element is a single array element or by the same column An array of at least two array elements adjacent to each other, and adjacent ones of the array elements in each of the column units do not overlap at least in a lateral direction.
  • the column unit serves as a radiating element of the array antenna, and its formation method is well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will be described in detail herein.
  • each of the column units may be staggered in the lateral direction.
  • the step of selecting a plurality of array elements from the adjacent columns of the array antenna to form the column unit comprises: selecting an odd number of array elements from the adjacent columns of the array antenna to form the column unit.
  • the horizontal and vertical spacing between the array elements are changed by selecting a plurality of array elements in adjacent columns of the array antenna to form a column unit, thereby controlling the beam width.
  • the phase advance and lag between the different array element units can be controlled by the feed network, and then the beam of the column unit is adjusted to ensure that the direction beam is not covered when the electric down is tilted. Offset, which in turn increases column unit gain.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法，属于通信领域。所述阵列天线包括多个行列间隔布置的阵元，所述阵元构成多个列单元，每个所述列单元包括多个阵元单元，所述多个阵元单元分布在相邻的两列阵元中，所述阵元单元为单个阵元或由同列中相邻的至少两个阵元构成的阵元组，每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元在横向上至少有一部分不重叠。所述方法包括从阵列天线相邻的列中选择多个阵元单元组成列单元。本发明通过选择阵列天线的相邻的列中的多个阵元单元组成列单元，来改变阵元单元之间的横向和纵向间距，进而控制波束宽度。

Description

一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域， 特别涉及一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法。 背景技术 说
在移动通信中， 定向天线的应用十分广泛， 其中的阵列天线由于可以根据需要来调整 其辐射方向性而尤其受到青睐。 阵列天线可以包括一个或多个列单元， 我们通常将包括多 个列单元的阵列天线称为多阵列天线， 一个列单元是多阵列天线的一个辐射单元。 现有的 列单元通常由多个在同一轴线上的阵元通过幅度、 相书位赋形而成。 而阵元可以为各种天线 振子， 如半波振子、 贴片振子等。 以半波振子为例， 其波束宽度是 78度， 组成列单元后可 以通过反射板将波束宽度控制为 90度、 65度和 33度等。 在基站天线小型化已经成为基站 天线发展的主要趋势的情况下， 天线体积的小型化限制使得多阵列天线的每列的宽度很小， 这样对反射板形状限制较大， 在这种情况下， 通常只能将各个列单元的波束宽度控制在 90 度到 100度左右。
然而， 在移动通信中， 定向天线大多采用的是水平面波束宽度为 65度的情况， 为了将 阵列天线的列单元的波束宽度控制在 65度， 现有技术提供了如下技术方案： 通过预置各个 列单元的幅度、 相位权值来实现 65度波束覆盖。
在实现本发明的过程中， 发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题：
对各个列单元预置幅度相位权值操作复杂且会消耗辐射能量， 从而导致列单元的辐射 效率降低， 电下倾时阵列天线的覆盖方向图波束会发生偏移。 发明内容
为了克服现有技术预置幅度相位操作复杂、 降低列单元辐射效率降低和电下倾时阵列 天线的覆盖方向图波束发生偏移的缺陷， 本发明实施例提供了一种阵列天线及控制阵列天 线波束宽度的方法。 所述技术方案如下：
一种阵列天线， 包括多个行列间隔布置的阵元， 所述阵元构成多个列单元， 每个所述 列单元包括多个阵元单元， 所述多个阵元单元分布在相邻的两列阵元中， 所述阵元单元为 单个阵元或由同列中相邻的至少两个阵元构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单 元在横向上至少有一部分不重叠。
一种控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法， 所述方法包括： 从阵列天线相邻的列中选择多个 阵元单元组成列单元， 所述阵元单元为单个阵元或由同列中相邻的至少两个阵元构成的阵 元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元在横向上至少有一部分不重叠。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果是：
在本发明实施例中， 通过选择阵列天线的相邻的列中的多个阵元单元组成列单元， 来 改变阵元单元之间的横向和纵向间距， 进而控制波束宽度。 并且， 由于阵元单元位于相邻 的列中， 所以通过馈电网络可以控制不同阵元单元之间的相位超前、 滞后， 从而来调整列 单元的波束， 保证在电下倾时覆盖方向图波束不偏移， 进而提高列单元增益。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1提供的一种阵列天线的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例 2提供的一种阵列天线的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作 进一步地详细描述。 实施例 1
如图 1所示， 本实施例提供了一种阵列天线， 该阵列天线包括多列阵元 11， 所述阵元 11构成多个列单元。 每个所述列单元包括多个阵元单元 12， 所述多个阵元单元 12分布在 相邻的两列阵元中， 如图中的虚线框所示， 所述阵元单元 12为单个阵元 11或由同列中相 邻的至少两个阵元 11构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元的阵列单元 12横向上交错布置， 所 述横向是指与每行阵元的排列方向平行的方向。 在本实施例中， 所述阵元 11以矩阵形式布 置。
优选地， 在本实施例中， 每个所述列单元中的阵列单元 12的个数为奇数。
需要说明的是， 每个所述列单元的阵列单元 12也可以不必在横向上交错布置， 而仅在 横向上有一部分不重叠。
具体地， 所述阵元 11可以为半波振子、 贴片振子、 微带振子等， 任意天线振子均可， 也可以是天线振子的组合， 如两个半波振子正交构成的十字振子。
在本发明实施例中， 通过选择阵列天线的相邻的列中的多个阵元单元组成列单元， 来 改变阵元单元之间的横向和纵向间距， 进而控制波束宽度。 并且， 通过馈电网络可以控制 不同阵元单元之间的相位超前、 滞后， 从而调整列单元的波束， 保证在电下倾时覆盖方向 图波束不偏移， 进而提高列单元增益。 实施例 2
本发明实施例提供了一种阵列天线， 参见图 2， 该阵列天线包括多列阵元 21， 所述阵 元 21构成多个列单元， 相邻的两列中的阵元 21横向上交错布置。 每个所述列单元包括多 个阵元单元 22， 所述阵元单元 22分布在相邻的两列阵元中， 所述阵元单元 22为单个阵元 21 或由同列中相邻的至少两个阵元 21 构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元 22在横向上有一部分不重叠。 每个所述列单元中的阵列单元 22的个数最好为奇数。
具体地， 所述阵元 21可以为半波振子、 贴片振子、 微带振子等， 任意天线振子均可， 也可以是天线振子的组合， 如两个半波振子正交构成的十字振子。
在本发明实施例中， 通过选择阵列天线的相邻的列中的多个阵元单元组成列单元， 来 改变阵元单元之间的横向和纵向间距， 进而控制波束宽度。 并且， 由于阵元单元位于相邻 的列中， 所以通过馈电网络可以控制不同阵元单元之间的相位超前、 滞后， 从而调整列单 元的波束， 保证在电下倾时覆盖方向图波束不偏移， 进而提高列单元增益。 实施例 3
本发明实施例提供了一种控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法， 该方法包括： 从阵列天线相 邻的列中选择多个阵元单元组成列单元， 所述阵元单元为单个阵元或由同列中相邻的至少 两个阵元构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元在横向上至少有一部分不重叠。 所述列单元作为阵列天线的一个辐射单元， 其形成方法为本领域技术人员熟知， 故在此省 略详细描述。
进一步地， 每个所述列单元的阵列单元可以在横向上交错布置。
进一步地， 从阵列天线相邻的列中选择多个阵元单元组成列单元的步骤具体包括： 从 阵列天线相邻的列中选择奇数个阵元单元组成列单元。
在本发明实施例中， 通过选择阵列天线的相邻的列中的多个阵元单元组成列单元， 来 改变阵元单元之间的横向和纵向间距， 进而控制波束宽度。 并且， 由于阵元单元位于相邻 的列中， 所以通过馈电网络可以控制不同阵元单元之间的相位超前、 滞后， 进而调整列单 元的波束， 保证在电下倾时覆盖方向图波束不偏移， 进而提高列单元增益。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种阵列天线， 包括多列阵元， 所述阵元构成多个列单元， 其特征在于， 每个所述列 单元包括多个阵元单元， 所述多个阵元单元分布在相邻的两列阵元中， 所述阵元单元为单个 阵元或由同列中相邻的至少两个阵元构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元在横 向上至少有一部分不重叠。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的阵列天线， 其特征在于， 每个所述列单元中的阵列单元的个数为 奇数。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的阵列天线， 其特征在于， 每个所述列单元的阵列单元横向上交错 布置。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的阵列天线， 其特征在于， 所述阵元以矩阵形式布置。
5、 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的阵列天线， 其特征在于， 相邻的两列中的阵元横向上交 错布置。
6、 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的阵列天线， 其特征在于， 所述阵元为十字振子， 所述十 字振子由两个半波振子正交连接而成。
7、 一种控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括：
从阵列天线相邻的列中选择多个阵元单元组成列单元， 所述阵元单元为单个阵元或由同列中 相邻的至少两个阵元构成的阵元组， 每个所述列单元中相邻的阵元单元在横向上至少有一部 分不重叠。
8、如权利要求 7所述的方法，其特征在于，每个所述列单元的阵列单元横向上交错布置。
9、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 从阵列天线相邻的列中选择多个阵元单 元组成列单元的步骤具体包括： 从阵列天线相邻的列中选择奇数个阵元单元组成列单元
PCT/CN2011/074086 2011-05-16 2011-05-16 一种阵列天线及控制阵列天线波束宽度的方法 Ceased WO2011127848A2 (zh)

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