WO2011127694A1 - 全视差三维显示装置 - Google Patents

全视差三维显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011127694A1
WO2011127694A1 PCT/CN2010/075004 CN2010075004W WO2011127694A1 WO 2011127694 A1 WO2011127694 A1 WO 2011127694A1 CN 2010075004 W CN2010075004 W CN 2010075004W WO 2011127694 A1 WO2011127694 A1 WO 2011127694A1
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Prior art keywords
cylindrical grating
dimensional display
display device
grating
orthogonal
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French (fr)
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李海峰
李帅
刘旭
彭祎帆
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/005—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along a single direction only, e.g. lenticular sheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/20—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using two or more projectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional display device, and more particularly to a full-view three-dimensional display device.
  • the difference between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display is to bring visual depth perception to the viewer through various methods, so that it can naturally or unnaturally obtain the third dimension information in the picture.
  • the natural and unnatural of this acquisition method The viewer has the difference between true three-dimensional and false three-dimensional (or quasi-three-dimensional).
  • the development of three-dimensional display technology has produced a lot of results today, and these results can be roughly divided into holographic three-dimensional display, body three-dimensional display, and stereoscopic three-dimensional display.
  • Holographic technology can produce very realistic spatial effects, but in terms of dynamic display it requires high-resolution spatial light modulators and ultra-high-speed data processing systems, both of which greatly limit the advancement of this technology, making it It is not yet well accessible for practical applications.
  • Both body 3D display and stereoscopic 3D display have relatively good display devices. However, display devices based on these two methods mostly rely on rotating the screen to meet the requirements of full viewing angle. Therefore, the structure of the display device is relatively complicated and expensive. .
  • the existing auto-view three-dimensional display has problems of low image resolution, low viewing angle, and discontinuous viewing angle, and the present invention has the advantages of producing a three-dimensional image with high image resolution and high viewing angle resolution.
  • the extremely fine viewing angle interval will give the observer a completely continuous and non-jumping three-dimensional perception, reduce the fatigue caused by the discontinuity of the viewing angle in the conventional three-dimensional display, and realize the full parallax three-dimensional including the lateral parallax and the longitudinal parallax. display.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a full parallax three-dimensional display device.
  • the full parallax three-dimensional display device comprises a projector array and an orthogonal cylindrical grating screen, and the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen comprises a first cylindrical grating and a second cylindrical grating , the projector array and the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen are sequentially placed, the projector array projects an image to the same position on the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen, and the first cylindrical grating and the second cylindrical surface in the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen
  • the grating direction of the grating is parallel to x Axis and y axis.
  • the projector array is an array of a plurality of projectors, or an array of two-dimensional displays and a plurality of lenses.
  • the two-dimensional display is an LCD, PDP, LED, CRT or projector.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that it can produce a three-dimensional image with high image resolution and high viewing angle resolution.
  • the extremely fine viewing angle interval will give the observer a completely continuous and non-jumping three-dimensional perception, reduce the fatigue caused by the discontinuity of the viewing angle in the conventional three-dimensional display, and realize the full parallax three-dimensional including the lateral parallax and the longitudinal parallax. display.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a full parallax three-dimensional display device
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the projector spacing and the scattering characteristics of the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen
  • Figure 3 (a) is a relationship between the focal length of the cylindrical lens and the scattering angle
  • Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of an orthogonal cylindrical grating screen
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a full parallax three-dimensional display device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the viewpoint observation effect
  • projector array 1 orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2
  • first cylindrical grating 4 small block region 3
  • second cylindrical grating 5
  • the full parallax three-dimensional display device includes a projector array 1 , an orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 , and an orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 Including the first cylindrical grating 4, the second cylindrical grating 5, the projector array 1 placed in sequence, the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2, the projector array 1 orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2
  • the image is projected at the same position on the same, and the grating directions of the first cylindrical grating 4 and the second cylindrical grating 5 in the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 are parallel to the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
  • the projector array 1 is composed of multiple projectors P11-Pmn An array of images, or an array of two-dimensional displays and multiple lenses.
  • the two-dimensional display is an LCD, PDP, LED, CRT or projector.
  • V11-Vmn viewpoints are formed on the right side of the screen.
  • a small area on the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 3 For example, at different viewpoints V11-Vmn Different images can be viewed, and the complete image observed by any one of the viewpoints is formed by splicing a small image of each projector, so that the view of the corresponding viewpoint of the three-dimensional object can be observed at different viewpoints, and the viewpoints of the respective viewpoints are observed.
  • the image changes continuously so that the light viewer can be provided with lateral parallax and longitudinal parallax to form a three-dimensional perception.
  • two projectors Pa and Pb with a lateral spacing D project images to the second cylindrical grating 5, respectively.
  • D and the projection distance Lp determine the scattering characteristics of the second cylindrical grating required for the device. Relative to projection distance Lp and observation distance Lv The exit pupil of the projector and the pupil of the human eye can be approximated. If the scattering angle ⁇ of the second cylindrical grating is very small, theoretically, only two points from the projectors Pa and Pb can be observed at V.
  • the aperture d of the cylindrical lens 6 and the focal length f that is, the pitch d of the cylindrical grating, and the focal length f .
  • the cylindrical grating is composed of a myriad of small cylindrical lenses, and the scattering characteristics of the cylindrical grating can be controlled by adjusting the pitch d and the focal length f of the cylindrical grating.
  • the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 includes a first cylindrical grating 4 and a second cylindrical grating 5 And the grating directions of the first cylindrical grating 4 and the second cylindrical grating 5 are parallel to the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
  • Adjusting the pitch dx and focal length fx of the first cylindrical grating 4 can control the scattering angle ⁇ y of the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 in the longitudinal direction
  • Adjusting the pitch of the second cylindrical grating 5 dy and the focal length fy can control the scattering angle ⁇ x of the orthogonal cylindrical grating screen 2 in the lateral direction .
  • Such an orthogonal cylindrical grating screen can convert an incident parallel beam into a pyramid beam having transverse and longitudinal divergence angles of ⁇ x and ⁇ y , respectively.
  • Figure 4 As shown, the complete image observed by any viewpoint is composed of a small image projected by each projector. Similarly, the images sent to any projector are also pieced together. They are derived from views taken from three-dimensional objects taken from different viewpoints.
  • Figure 5 As shown, the three-dimensional display device is viewed at a viewpoint, and the complete view seen is spliced by a small block of images, each of which corresponds to the projector in the projector array.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

全视差三维显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及三维显示装置，尤其涉及一种全视差三维显示装置。
背景技术
三维显示区别于二维显示就是要通过各种方法给观看者带来视觉上的深度感知，使其自然或不自然地获得画面中第三维度的信息，这种获取方式的自然与不自然对于观看者来说就有真三维与假三维（或者说准三维）的区别。三维显示技术发展到今天已经产生大量的成果，这些成果大致可以分为全息三维显示、体三维显示、体视三维显示等。全息技术能够产生非常逼真的空间效果，但是在动态显示方面它需要高分辨的空间光调制器以及超高速的数据处理系统，这两个因素极大地限制了这使这种技术的进步，使它目前还不能很好地进入实际应用。体三维显示和体视三维显示目前都已有比较好的显示设备出现，然而基于这两种方法的显示装置大都依靠转动屏幕来满足全视角观看的要求，所以显示装置结构相对复杂造价也比较昂贵。
现有的自体视三维显示存在图像分辨率低，视角少且视角不连续等问题，而本发明的优点是可产生高图像分辨率、高视角分辨率的三维图像。极细腻的视角间隔，会给观察者带来完全连续无跳变的三维感知，减少常规三维显示中视角不连续带来的疲惫感，并且能够实现包括横向视差、纵向视差在内的全视差三维显示。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种全视差三维显示装置。
技术解决方案
全视差三维显示装置包括投影机阵列、正交柱面光栅屏，正交柱面光栅屏包括第一柱面光栅 、 第二柱面光栅 ， 依次放置的投影机阵列、正交柱面光栅屏，投影机阵列向正交柱面光栅屏上的同一位置投影图像，正交柱面光栅屏中的第一柱面光栅和第二柱面光栅的光栅方向分别平行于 x 轴和 y 轴。
所述的投影机阵列的横向间距 Dx 以及投影距离 Lp ，跟第二柱面光栅的栅距 dy 和焦距 fy 之间满足如下关系：
Dx/Lp = dy/f y 。
所述的投影机阵列的纵向间距 Dy 以及投影距离 Lp ，跟第一柱面光栅的栅距 dx 和焦距 fx 之间满足如下关系：
Dy/Lp = dx/f x 。
所述的投影机阵列是由多个投影机组成的阵列，或者二维显示器和多个镜头组成的阵列。
所述的二维显示器是 LCD 、 PDP 、 LED 、 CRT 或投影机。
 有益效果
本发明的优点是可产生高图像分辨率、高视角分辨率的三维图像。极细腻的视角间隔，会给观察者带来完全连续无跳变的三维感知，减少常规三维显示中视角不连续带来的疲惫感，并且能够实现包括横向视差、纵向视差在内的全视差三维显示。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图 1 是全视差三维显示装置结构示意图；
图 2 是 投影机间隔和正交柱面光栅屏散射特性关系图；
图 3(a) 是 柱面透镜焦距与散射角关系图 ；
图 3(b) 是 正交柱面光栅屏原理 图；
图 4 是 全视差三维显示装置原理图；
图 5 是一个视点观察效果示意 图；
图中：投影机阵列1、正交柱面光栅屏2，第一柱面光栅4、小块区域3、第二柱面光栅5。
 本发明的实施方式
如图 1 所示，全视差三维显示装置包括投影机阵列 1 、正交柱面光栅屏 2 ，正交柱面光栅屏 2 包括第一柱面光栅 4 、 第二柱面光栅 5 ， 依次放置的投影机阵列 1 、正交柱面光栅屏 2 ，投影机阵列 1 向正交柱面光栅屏 2 上的同一位置投影图像，正交柱面光栅屏 2 中的第一柱面光栅 4 和第二柱面光栅 5 的光栅方向分别平行于 x 轴和 y 轴。
所述的投影机阵列 1 的横向间距 Dx 以及投影距离 Lp ，跟第二柱面光栅 5 的栅距 dy 和焦距 fy 之间满足如下关系：
Dx/Lp = dy/f y 。
所述的投影机阵列 1 的纵向间距 Dy 以及投影距离 Lp ，跟第一柱面光栅 4 的栅距 dx 和焦距 fx 之间满足如下关系：
Dy/Lp = dx/f x 。
所述的投影机阵列 1 是由多个投影机 P11-Pmn 组成的阵列，或者二维显示器和多个镜头组成的阵列。所述的二维显示器是 LCD 、 PDP 、 LED 、 CRT 或投影机。
m 行 n 列的投影机 P11-Pmn 各自向正交柱面光栅屏投影，由于正交柱面光栅屏具有独特的散射特性，在屏幕右侧对应形成 V11-Vmn 个视点。以正交柱面光栅屏上的一小块区域 3 为例，在不同视点 V11-Vmn 可以观看到不同图像，任意一个视点观察到的完整图像都是由每台投影机各自投影的一小块图像拼接而成，这样在不同视点就可观察到三维物体对应视点的视图，各个视点的图像连续变化，从而可以给光看者提供横向视差和纵向视差，形成三维感知。
如图 2 所示，横向间距为 D 的两台投影机 Pa 和 Pb 分别向第二柱面光栅 5 投影图像，间距 D 和投影距离 Lp 决定了该装置所需的第二柱面光栅的散射特性。相对于投影距离 Lp 及观察距离 Lv ，投影机的出瞳和人眼瞳孔可近似看做一点，若第二柱面光栅的散射角θ非常小，理论上讲，在 V 处仅可观察到分别来自投影机 Pa 和 Pb 的两点图像 a 和 b ，若增大第二柱面光栅的散射角θ，则可以观察到的图像由两点扩大到两块，当散射角θ增大到 2*arctg( D/2Lp ) 时，分别来自 投影机 Pa 和 Pb 的这两块图像恰好在 c 处无缝拼接到一起，构成更宽幅的图像。此处仅以横向为例阐述，纵向原理与此一致。
如图 3 （ a ）所示，柱面透镜 6 的口径 d 、焦距 f ，也就是柱面光栅的栅距 d 、焦距 f 。柱面光栅是由无数细小的柱面透镜构成的，可以通过调节柱面光栅的栅距 d 、焦距 f ，来控制柱面光栅的散射特性。柱面光栅的栅距 d 相对于投影距离 Lp 可以忽略不计，所以可以认为到达单个柱面透镜 6 的光束近乎平行，故而柱面光栅的散射角可以用θ = 2*arctg( d/2f ) 表示，即 f = d/(2*tg( θ /2)) ，要得到一定的散射角 θ，只要 调节 柱面光栅的栅距 d 和焦距 f 便可以 。
如图 3 （ b ）所示，正交柱面光栅屏 2 包括第一柱面光栅 4 和第二柱面光栅 5 ，且第一柱面光栅 4 和第二柱面光栅 5 的光栅方向分别平行于 x 轴和 y 轴。
调节第一柱面光栅 4 的栅距 dx 和焦距 fx 可以控制正交柱面光栅屏 2 在纵向的散射角θ y ，调节第二柱面光栅 5 的栅距 dy 和焦距 fy 可以控制正交柱面光栅屏 2 在横向的散射角θ x 。这样正交柱面光栅屏能把入射的一束平行光转换成横纵向发散角分别为θ x 、θ y 的棱锥光束。
如图 4 所示，任意一个视点观察到的完整图像都是由每台投影机各自投影的一小块图像拼接而成，同理可知，送入任意一台投影机的图像也是一块块拼起来的，它们分别来自于从不同视点拍摄三维物体得到的视图。
如图 5 所示，在一个视点观看该三维显示装置，看到的完整视图是由一块块小图像拼接起来的，每块小图像与投影机阵列中的投影机一一对应。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种全视差三维显示装置，其特征在于包括投影机阵列（1）、正交柱面光栅屏（2），正交柱面光栅屏（2）包括第一柱面光栅（4）、第二柱面光栅（5），依次放置的投影机阵列（1）、正交柱面光栅屏（2），投影机阵列（1）向正交柱面光栅屏（2）投影图像，正交柱面光栅屏（2）中的第一柱面光栅（4）和第二柱面光栅（5）的光栅方向分别平行于x轴和y轴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全视差三维显示装置，其特征在于所述的投影机阵列（1）的横向间距Dx以及投影距离Lp，跟第二柱面光栅（5）的栅距dy和焦距fy之间满足如下关系：
    Dx/Lp = dy/fy。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全视差三维显示装置，其特征在于所述的投影机阵列（1）的纵向间距Dy以及投影距离Lp，跟第一柱面光栅（4）的栅距dx和焦距fx之间满足如下关系：
    Dy/Lp = dx/fx。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全视差三维显示装置，其特征在于所述的投影机阵列（1）是由多个投影机组成的阵列，或者二维显示器和多个镜头组成的阵列。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的全视差三维显示装置，其特征在于所述的二维显示器是LCD、PDP、LED、CRT或投影机。
PCT/CN2010/075004 2010-04-16 2010-07-06 全视差三维显示装置 Ceased WO2011127694A1 (zh)

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