WO2011123256A1 - Apparatus for classifying documents using acoustic emission - Google Patents

Apparatus for classifying documents using acoustic emission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011123256A1
WO2011123256A1 PCT/US2011/028914 US2011028914W WO2011123256A1 WO 2011123256 A1 WO2011123256 A1 WO 2011123256A1 US 2011028914 W US2011028914 W US 2011028914W WO 2011123256 A1 WO2011123256 A1 WO 2011123256A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
document
sonic profile
transport
documents
audio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/028914
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David M. Schaertel
Daniel P. Phinney
Swapnil Sakharshete
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of WO2011123256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011123256A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
    • B65H5/06—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines by rollers or balls, e.g. between rollers
    • B65H5/062—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines by rollers or balls, e.g. between rollers between rollers or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H7/00—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles
    • B65H7/02—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors
    • B65H7/06—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed
    • B65H7/12—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed responsive to double feed or separation
    • B65H7/125—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed responsive to double feed or separation sensing the double feed or separation without contacting the articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/27—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/34—Paper
    • G01N33/346—Paper sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/40—Identification
    • B65H2511/416—Identification of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/50—Occurence
    • B65H2511/52—Defective operating conditions
    • B65H2511/524—Multiple articles, e.g. double feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2515/00—Physical entities not provided for in groups B65H2511/00 or B65H2513/00
    • B65H2515/50—Vibrations; Oscillations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2515/00—Physical entities not provided for in groups B65H2511/00 or B65H2513/00
    • B65H2515/82—Sound; Noise
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
    • B65H2553/30—Sensing or detecting means using acoustic or ultrasonic elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2801/00—Application field
    • B65H2801/39—Scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to document classification, and in particular to classification of document weight or thickness based on sound captured by an audio transducer. Knowledge of document characteristics such as weight or thickness can be used by other scanner systems.
  • a document transport system documents having different thickness are scanned and passed through the transport.
  • a document is moving through a document transport there is an associated sound with movement of the document.
  • This sound can be characterized by its spectral features.
  • the sound characteristics of the document moving through the transport will vary based on the thickness of the document. These features can be used to classify documents.
  • the weight of the document can translate to thickness and is related to the translucence of the document.
  • Document scanners will often be used in such a way that many different weighted documents will be scanned within the same batch. These attributes of a document can require specific treatment by other systems such as an ultrasonic document detection system (UDDS), described in U.S. Patent No. 6,511 ,064, wherein the thickness of the document attenuates the ultrasonic signal more than a lighter weight or thinner document. Knowing the weight or thickness of a document can enable system parameters to be adjusted to better meet the machine processing requirements of a given document.
  • UDDS ultrasonic document detection system
  • Ultrasonic document detection can provide other useful features
  • the detector can determine if multiple documents are being fed, which may result in loss of information from the scanning process since some documents will not be scanned. Another problem is that often the detector can confuse a thick document with a multi-fed document. There is, therefore, a need for an improved determination of thickness of a document, whether a document is wrinkled, and whether multiple documents are stapled together.
  • an apparatus for classifying documents based on sound includes a document transport for transporting a document; an audio transducer for detecting a sonic profile produced by the document as it is transported; and a controller for determining document characteristics based on the sonic profile.
  • a document scanner captures an audio signal, using an audio transducer, of a document entering the scanner transport.
  • the audio signal is then conditioned, digitized, and processed to provide spectral information with regard to the signal.
  • the spectral information sometimes referred to as a sonic profile, is then compared to known spectral attributes of different weighted documents for comparison and classification.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a document scanner showing the general location of an audio transducer used to acquire the audio signals of paper entering the document transport.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of system operation.
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a system used to classify a document.
  • documents 5 are fed from the input tray 10 of the scanner 4.
  • the feed and separation rollers 15 separate the documents from one another, which produces sound.
  • the audio transducer 20 picks up the sound signal from the different thickness documents 5 entering a document transport 30.
  • signal conditioning 60 such as analog filtering may be applied to the audio signal before being processed.
  • the conditioned analog signal is then sampled and digitized at an appropriate rate to avoid aliasing of the highest frequency present in the signal by an analog to digital A/D converter 65.
  • the digital samples obtained from the A/D converter are processed in the digital signal processor (DSP) 70.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the audio signal generated by the document is captured 80.
  • Features are extracted from the audio signal 85 and compared to a feature set in memory 90. Based on the compared features of the captured audio signal and features in the feature set, the document is classified as a certain weight or thickness of document 95.
  • the document classification system basically consists of two phases, an audio phase and a classification phase.
  • various spectral features, or sonic profile for example, like pitch or spectral centroid or amplitude or other, are determined in the audio signal for different thicknesses of paper.
  • Features that are selected for learning purposes have good distinguishable properties for different thickness of documents.
  • windowed scan over the audio samples is used.
  • the windowed scan includes sliding a window over the audio data in fixed increments, wherein each window represents a window of time.
  • Spectral features are extracted from the sliding window using short time Fourier transform (STFT) techniques.
  • STFT provides a rich representation that is capable of modeling a variety of perceptual characteristics such as pitch, loudness, amplitude, etc.
  • the goal is to determine the category of a new document that is currently entering the scanner to a particular thickness based on the audio signal.
  • the first step for classification is to extract the same spectral features as were determined in the learning phase. Classification of the document to a certain thickness is done by comparing these extracted features with the feature sets stored in the memory 51. Support vector machines (SVM) may be used for this comparison purpose.
  • SVM Support vector machines
  • Processor 50 and memory 51 may be internal or external to scanner 4. Document thickness is determined and classified before the document reaches the ultrasonic sensor 25. The document continues through the transport 30 to the upper imaging area 40, lower imaging area 45, out of the transport 30, and into the document output area 35.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for classifying documents (5) based on sound includes a document transport (30) for transporting a document; an audio transducer (20) for detecting a sonic profile produced by the document as it is transported; and a controller for determining document characteristics based on the sonic profile.

Description

APPARATUS FOR CLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates in general to document classification, and in particular to classification of document weight or thickness based on sound captured by an audio transducer. Knowledge of document characteristics such as weight or thickness can be used by other scanner systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a document transport system, documents having different thickness are scanned and passed through the transport. When a document is moving through a document transport there is an associated sound with movement of the document. This sound can be characterized by its spectral features. The sound characteristics of the document moving through the transport will vary based on the thickness of the document. These features can be used to classify documents.
In a document scanner, the weight of the document can translate to thickness and is related to the translucence of the document. Document scanners will often be used in such a way that many different weighted documents will be scanned within the same batch. These attributes of a document can require specific treatment by other systems such as an ultrasonic document detection system (UDDS), described in U.S. Patent No. 6,511 ,064, wherein the thickness of the document attenuates the ultrasonic signal more than a lighter weight or thinner document. Knowing the weight or thickness of a document can enable system parameters to be adjusted to better meet the machine processing requirements of a given document.
Ultrasonic document detection can provide other useful
information about a document that is being transported through a scanner. For example, the detector can determine if multiple documents are being fed, which may result in loss of information from the scanning process since some documents will not be scanned. Another problem is that often the detector can confuse a thick document with a multi-fed document. There is, therefore, a need for an improved determination of thickness of a document, whether a document is wrinkled, and whether multiple documents are stapled together. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, according to one aspect of the present invention an apparatus for classifying documents based on sound includes a document transport for transporting a document; an audio transducer for detecting a sonic profile produced by the document as it is transported; and a controller for determining document characteristics based on the sonic profile.
In one embodiment, a document scanner captures an audio signal, using an audio transducer, of a document entering the scanner transport. The audio signal is then conditioned, digitized, and processed to provide spectral information with regard to the signal. The spectral information, sometimes referred to as a sonic profile, is then compared to known spectral attributes of different weighted documents for comparison and classification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side view of a document scanner showing the general location of an audio transducer used to acquire the audio signals of paper entering the document transport.
Figure 2 shows a flowchart of system operation.
Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a system used to classify a document.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in Figure 1, documents 5 are fed from the input tray 10 of the scanner 4. When documents enter the scanner, the feed and separation rollers 15 separate the documents from one another, which produces sound.
Different weighted documents make different sounds. The sounds of the document are picked up by the audio transducer 20, and the audio signal 55 is sent to be conditioned, digitized, and processed as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 1 , the audio transducer 20 picks up the sound signal from the different thickness documents 5 entering a document transport 30. As shown in Figure 2, signal conditioning 60 such as analog filtering may be applied to the audio signal before being processed. The conditioned analog signal is then sampled and digitized at an appropriate rate to avoid aliasing of the highest frequency present in the signal by an analog to digital A/D converter 65. The digital samples obtained from the A/D converter are processed in the digital signal processor (DSP) 70.
When feeding a document 75 into the scanner 4 the audio signal generated by the document is captured 80. Features are extracted from the audio signal 85 and compared to a feature set in memory 90. Based on the compared features of the captured audio signal and features in the feature set, the document is classified as a certain weight or thickness of document 95.
The document classification system basically consists of two phases, an audio phase and a classification phase. In the audio phase, various spectral features, or sonic profile, for example, like pitch or spectral centroid or amplitude or other, are determined in the audio signal for different thicknesses of paper. Features that are selected for learning purposes have good distinguishable properties for different thickness of documents. To generate the audio feature descriptors, windowed scan over the audio samples is used. The windowed scan includes sliding a window over the audio data in fixed increments, wherein each window represents a window of time. Spectral features are extracted from the sliding window using short time Fourier transform (STFT) techniques. STFT provides a rich representation that is capable of modeling a variety of perceptual characteristics such as pitch, loudness, amplitude, etc. These sets of feature vectors, corresponding to different document thicknesses are then stored in memory.
In the classification phase, the goal is to determine the category of a new document that is currently entering the scanner to a particular thickness based on the audio signal. The first step for classification is to extract the same spectral features as were determined in the learning phase. Classification of the document to a certain thickness is done by comparing these extracted features with the feature sets stored in the memory 51. Support vector machines (SVM) may be used for this comparison purpose.
While the audio signal is processed in the processor50, the document continues moving through the transport 30. Processor 50 and memory 51 may be internal or external to scanner 4. Document thickness is determined and classified before the document reaches the ultrasonic sensor 25. The document continues through the transport 30 to the upper imaging area 40, lower imaging area 45, out of the transport 30, and into the document output area 35.
PARTS LIST
scanner
documents
input tray
feed and separation rollers
audio transducer
ultrasonic sensor
transport
document output area
upper imaging area
lower imaging area
processor
memory
audio signal
signal conditioning
A/D converter
DSP processor
feeding a document
capture audio signal of document in feed path
extract features from audio signal
compare features with feature set in memory
classify document to a particular thickness based on above comparison

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. An apparatus for classifying documents based on sound comprising:
a document transport for transporting a document;
an audio transducer for detecting a sonic profile produced by the document as it is transported; and
a controller for determining document characteristics based on the sonic profile.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sonic profile is comprised of frequencies.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said sonic profile is comprised of an amplitude of different frequencies.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sonic profile is captured over a period of time as the document is being transported.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said sonic profile is analyzed over a said time period.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein transport sounds are filtered from said sonic profile prior to analysis.
PCT/US2011/028914 2010-03-29 2011-03-18 Apparatus for classifying documents using acoustic emission Ceased WO2011123256A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/748,732 2010-03-29
US12/748,732 US20110238423A1 (en) 2010-03-29 2010-03-29 Sonic document classification

Publications (1)

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WO2011123256A1 true WO2011123256A1 (en) 2011-10-06

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TW (1) TW201209373A (en)
WO (1) WO2011123256A1 (en)

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US9264558B2 (en) * 2010-07-20 2016-02-16 Kodak Alaris Inc. System for verifying accuracy of a raster scanned image of a document
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JP2013086925A (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-05-13 Canon Inc Recording material discrimination device and image forming device
US8567777B2 (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Combined ultrasonic-based multifeed detection method and sound-based damage detection method
JP5404871B1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-05 株式会社Ｐｆｕ Paper transport device, jam determination method, and computer program
JP5404874B1 (en) 2012-08-24 2014-02-05 株式会社Ｐｆｕ Document feeder, jam determination method, and computer program
JP5404873B1 (en) 2012-08-24 2014-02-05 株式会社Ｐｆｕ Document feeder, jam determination method, and computer program
JP5404875B1 (en) 2012-08-24 2014-02-05 株式会社Ｐｆｕ Document feeder, jam determination method, and computer program
JP5404881B1 (en) 2012-09-14 2014-02-05 株式会社Pfu Document feeder, jam determination method, and computer program
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US20110238423A1 (en) 2011-09-29
TW201209373A (en) 2012-03-01

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