WO2011105452A1 - 陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法 - Google Patents
陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011105452A1 WO2011105452A1 PCT/JP2011/054036 JP2011054036W WO2011105452A1 WO 2011105452 A1 WO2011105452 A1 WO 2011105452A1 JP 2011054036 W JP2011054036 W JP 2011054036W WO 2011105452 A1 WO2011105452 A1 WO 2011105452A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming an anodized film on the surface of an aluminum-based substrate such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and in particular, it is possible to form a thick anodized film more easily and with higher productivity than in the past. It relates to a method that can be performed.
- various members such as a vacuum chamber used in a plasma processing apparatus of a semiconductor manufacturing facility and electrodes provided in the vacuum chamber are usually formed using an aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum alloy is used as it is, the plasma resistance and gas corrosion resistance cannot be maintained. Therefore, the surface of the member formed of the aluminum alloy is subjected to anodizing treatment and anodized film. By forming the film, it has been dealt with by imparting plasma resistance and gas corrosion resistance.
- the anodized film is formed in various film thicknesses depending on the application, but a direct current power source is often used to perform the anodizing treatment.
- the anodizing treatment is performed at a constant current, the voltage increases as the film thickness increases to become a high voltage, and the aluminum base material is dissolved. Therefore, a thick anodized aluminum base material cannot be obtained.
- the relationship between the film thickness and the voltage, and the voltage at which the aluminum-based substrate dissolves vary depending on the processing conditions, but the film thickness of about 100 ⁇ m is usually the limit.
- the treatment is started by a constant current treatment, and the aluminum base material is dissolved.
- the current density is greatly reduced, and the film thickness is proportional to the integrated electric quantity (current density ⁇ processing time), that is, the film forming speed (film thickness / time). ) Is proportional to the current density, which causes another problem that the processing takes a long time and the productivity is deteriorated.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 a method of forming an anodic oxide film by applying an electrolytic solution to an object to be processed by a number of electrolytic solution injection nozzles in an electrolytic bath as a method for suppressing appearance defects and forming a high-speed thick film is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 These techniques increase the cost due to capital investment, such as requiring an injection facility.
- a member on which an anodized film is formed may require high hardness depending on its application, like the above-mentioned semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
- the actual situation is that the technologies proposed so far have not been adequately addressed.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method of forming a highly rigid anodic oxide film using a sulfuric acid electrolyte to which alcohol is added.
- this method has a problem that the management of the change in the concentration of alcohol in the electrolytic solution due to the anodizing treatment becomes complicated.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of further forming an oxide sprayed coating on the surface of a surface treatment member in which an aluminum alloy base material is subjected to anodizing, and the resulting coating has a high hardness. It is disclosed that. However, this method has a problem that the process for forming the oxide sprayed coating is very complicated, requires expensive equipment, and cannot be applied to a complex shaped part.
- hydration treatment (commonly known as sealing treatment) may be applied to the anodized film from the viewpoint of suppressing the chemical reaction between the gas and the anodized film. It is also known that when the hydration treatment is performed, the hardness of the anodized film is reduced instead (for example, Patent Document 6).
- the present invention has been made under such circumstances, and its purpose is to use a DC power supply, and to form a thick anodic oxide film with high productivity in a short time without using special equipment.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming an anodic oxide film that can be increased in hardness if necessary.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- the predetermined voltage V1 satisfies the following formula (1a)
- a method of forming an anodized film in which the resting time T1 satisfies the following formula (1b).
- V min represents the minimum value of the voltage at which the aluminum-based base material starts to dissolve when anodizing is performed at a constant current A 0 without performing resting treatment.
- T1 im represents the value at the time of resuming energization. (The minimum value of the rest time required for the voltage to be less than V1 is shown.)
- the predetermined voltage V1 satisfies the following formula (2a): The method for forming an anodized film according to [1], wherein the resting time T1 satisfies the following formula (2b).
- T min indicates the minimum value of the resting time required to achieve the target thickness D1 of the anodized film.
- [5] The method for forming an anodic oxide film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein a second resting process in which a resting time is longer than T1 is performed.
- [6] The method for forming an anodized film according to [5], wherein a resting time T2 of the second resting treatment is 1.5 times or more and 5 times or less of the T1.
- [7] The method for forming an anodized film according to [5] or [6], wherein the second resting treatment is performed after the n-th first resting process that satisfies the following formula (3).
- T int (1) represents the time from the end of the first first power off process to the start of the second first power off process
- T min (n ⁇ 1) represents the n ⁇ 1th time (The time from the end of the first power-off process to the start of the n-th first power-off process is shown.)
- the energization is temporarily stopped when a predetermined voltage is reached during the film formation.
- the thick film can be formed with high productivity in a short time, and the member formed with the anodized film on the substrate in this way is used as a material for a vacuum chamber or the like used in a plasma processing apparatus of a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Useful.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in voltage and current with time when the method of the present invention is performed.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “the electrolysis time between power outages” for 4-7.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of FIG. 2 as an approximate curve.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of converting the horizontal axis (x-axis) of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the relationship between the critical film thickness and the power outage time.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage treatment of No. 8.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage treatment of No. 8.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “the electrolysis time between power outages” in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage treatment of No. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between “number of times of power outage” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage processing of No. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for 10 power outage treatments.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “electrolysis time between power outages” for 10 power outage treatments.
- the film formation rate is proportional to the current, so the film formation rate is large.
- the voltage increases, and the aluminum base material is It will dissolve and cause poor appearance.
- the treatment is performed at a constant voltage, the aluminum-based substrate is not dissolved by performing the treatment at a voltage lower than the voltage at which the aluminum-based substrate is dissolved.
- the present inventors have studied from various angles from the viewpoint of avoiding the inconveniences that occur when performing with a constant current.
- resting on an aluminum-based substrate is selected from aluminum and aluminum alloys, in forming the film to anodic oxidation through constant current A 0, once energized when reaching the predetermined voltage V1 in the film formation ( (Hereinafter referred to as “power outage”), and after the power outage is continued for the power outage time T1 or longer, the first power outage process for resuming energization is repeated a plurality of times, and the predetermined voltage V1 is
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed.
- V min represents the minimum value of the voltage at which the aluminum-based base material starts to dissolve when anodizing is performed at a constant current A 0 without performing resting treatment.
- T1 im represents the value at the time of resuming energization. (The minimum value of the rest time required for the voltage to be less than V1 is shown.)
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in voltage and current with time when the method of the present invention is performed.
- the voltage reaches a predetermined voltage V1 (sometimes referred to as “upper limit voltage”), and then temporarily shuts down.
- V1 sometimes referred to as “upper limit voltage”
- T1 resting time
- energization is resumed.
- the first stoppage time is repeated a plurality of times.
- repeating several times means repeating until the film thickness of the anodized film reaches at least a desired film thickness.
- the number of times of power outage varies depending on the time of power outage and the target film thickness, and cannot be generally stated, but can be, for example, about 50 to 200 times.
- the voltage when resuming energization after power is temporarily stopped (when resuming electrolysis) is lower than the upper limit voltage before the rest, so that the processing at the set current density can be continued intermittently, and the upper limit voltage is set to aluminum.
- the power outage time T1 is set to be equal to or more than the minimum value T1 im of the power outage time necessary for the voltage at the time of resuming energization to be less than V1 [relationship of the above formula (1b)], such a process (the first power outage).
- the voltage at the time of anodizing is composed of a barrier layer forming voltage and a voltage resulting from the liquid resistance in the pore. Moreover, the increase in the voltage accompanying the increase in the film thickness is because the voltage due to the liquid composition in the pore increases.
- a reaction solution at the bottom of the pore (OH ⁇ ⁇ O 2 ⁇ + H + reaction) and an aluminum base material (Al ⁇ Al 3 + + 3e ⁇ reaction) occur, respectively. , Al 3 + and O 2 ⁇ are combined to form Al 2 O 3 .
- the parameters regarding the conditions of the anodizing treatment are “power outage time T1” and “upper limit voltage (voltage V1)”, and “electrolysis time between power outage” is This is the “time until the voltage reaches the upper limit voltage V1” after resumption of electrolysis, and changes depending on the “power outage time T1”, “upper limit voltage”, and the like.
- power outage time T1 will be described.
- the rest time T1 is shorter, the voltage drop after the rest is reduced and the electrolysis time between the rest is shortened, so the number of rests increases.
- the number of power interruptions decreases as the power interruption time T1 is longer. That is, it is not possible to reduce both the power interruption time and the number of power interruptions. Under such circumstances, the influence of the power outage time T1 and the number of power outages on the total power outage time was examined, and it is effective to shorten the power outage time T1 in order to shorten the total power outage time. found.
- the power outage time T1 is too short, the voltage after the power outage resumes does not decrease (that is, remains at the upper limit voltage) and the process cannot be continued. Setting is required. Also, as the film thickness increases, the electrolysis time between the power outage becomes shorter, so that the electrolysis time between the power outage and the power off does not become zero until the desired film thickness is obtained. It is necessary to set an appropriate power interruption time T1.
- the outage time T1 the voltage during energization restart is required to be outage time minimum value T1 im or required to be less than V1 [Formula (1b)].
- the voltage V1 satisfies the formula (2a) and the resting time T1 satisfies the formula (2b).
- D1 (target thickness) at this time is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more, and the V min is, for example, about 100 to 150V.
- V min is Since the voltage is 120 V, the formation of an anodized film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or more when the upper limit voltage (V1) is 80 V was examined.
- the set film thickness is x ( ⁇ m)
- the power outage time (seconds) ⁇ 0.31 ⁇ e (0.0252x) (e is the base of the natural logarithm) and the power outage time T1 is satisfied. I knew it was good. That is, the right side [0.31 ⁇ e (0.0252x) ] of the above formula means the minimum value of the resting time T1 necessary for achieving the target thickness D1 of the anodized film.
- the power outage time T2 of the second power outage process is preferably about 1.5 to 5 times the power outage time T1.
- the second power-off process may be performed after the n-th first power-off process that satisfies the following formula (3). preferable. 0.5 ⁇ T min (n ⁇ 1) / T int (1) ⁇ 0.9 (3) (Where T int (1) represents the time from the end of the first first power off process to the start of the second first power off process, and T min (n ⁇ 1) represents the n ⁇ 1th time (The time from the end of the first power-off process to the start of the n-th first power-off process is shown.)
- the second power outage process as described above can be performed a plurality of times, and when performing a plurality of second power outage processes, the power outage time T2 in each process may be different.
- the number of times of power outage in the second power outage process varies depending on the time of power outage and the target film thickness, so it cannot be generally stated. For example, it may be a relatively small number of times such as 1 to 10, or 50 to The number of times can be increased to about 200 times.
- the upper limit voltage (V1) is set to the minimum value of the aluminum-based voltage substrate starts to dissolve (V min) lower voltage than when the anodic oxidation treatment at a constant current A 0 without outage processing
- the voltage V1 varies depending on the aluminum base material, but a range of 60 to 115 V is appropriate.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy used as a base material in the present invention is not only pure aluminum (for example, 1000 series aluminum) but also a commercially available aluminum alloy (for example, 6061 aluminum alloy and 5052 aluminum alloy defined in JIS). It can also be used.
- the anodizing treatment liquid used in the present invention a general sulfuric acid solution, oxalic acid solution, phosphoric acid solution, and the like, and a mixed solution thereof may be used, and the treatment liquid temperature is also low, for example, from the viewpoint of film hardness. Since it becomes a high hardness film
- the current density may be set as appropriate. When the current density is large, the film forming speed is increased, which is advantageous. However, since the voltage is likely to rise, the upper limit voltage is easily reached, and the balance of these depends on the desired film thickness. Should be set in consideration of
- the present inventors have also studied more about the method for increasing the hardness of the anodized film, and found that the film can be increased in hardness by adding hydration treatment or heat treatment after the anodizing treatment, Since its significance was recognized, it was filed earlier (Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-169100).
- Processing temperature 120 ⁇ 450 °C
- Processing time (min) ⁇ -0.1 x processing temperature (° C) +71 It is effective to increase the hardness of the anodized film to perform the heat treatment for heating the anodized film under the conditions satisfying the above conditions.
- Treatment time of hydration treatment Even if the treatment temperature of the hydration treatment is specified in the range of 80 ° C to 100 ° C, if the treatment time is short, the hardness of the anodic oxide film will decrease, so the minimum treatment time corresponding to the treatment temperature should be prescribed. is required. Specifically, the hydration treatment may be performed so as to satisfy the condition “treatment time (minutes) ⁇ ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ treatment temperature (° C.) + 270”. The reason why the hardness of the anodic oxide film changes with the hydration time has not been fully elucidated, but is due to the balance between the oxide state change and the oxide volume expansion in the anodic oxide film due to the hydration reaction. You can think of it as something.
- the hardness of the anodic oxide film increases as long as possible within the range satisfying the condition of “treatment time (min) ⁇ ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ treatment temperature (° C.) + 270” for the hydration treatment time.
- the processing time may be set as appropriate according to the required performance. However, if the treatment time is too long, the productivity is inferior, so the treatment time of the hydration treatment is preferably 480 minutes or less, more preferably 300 minutes or less.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably in the range of 120 ° C to 450 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is less than 120 ° C, the anodic oxide film has a high hardness even if the heat treatment is performed for a treatment time that satisfies the condition of "treatment time (minutes) ⁇ -0.1 x treatment temperature (° C) + 71".
- treatment time minutes
- -0.1 x treatment temperature ° C + 71
- the temperature of the heat treatment is set to a range of 120 ° C. to 450 ° C.
- Heat treatment time Even if the heat treatment temperature is specified in the range of 120 ° C. to 450 ° C., if the treatment time is short, the hardness of the anodized film will increase to about Vv20 hardness or less, and the industrial meaning of heat treatment Therefore, it is preferable to define a minimum processing time according to the processing temperature. Specifically, the condition “processing time (minutes) ⁇ ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ processing temperature (° C.) + 71” is satisfied. Then, heat treatment may be performed.
- the hardness of the anodized film becomes higher if the heat treatment time is within the range satisfying the condition of “treatment time (min) ⁇ ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ treatment temperature (° C.) + 71”. What is necessary is just to set processing time suitably according to performance. However, if the treatment time is too long, the productivity is inferior. Therefore, the heat treatment time is preferably 120 minutes or less, and more preferably 90 minutes or less.
- the aluminum base material in pure water before forming the anodized film. If such a treatment is applied to the substrate, the treatment voltage at the initial stage of the anodizing treatment can be increased due to the influence of the hydrated film formed on the surface of the substrate, and the hardness of the anodized film can be increased. .
- Such hydration treatment is carried out in pure water (the same applies to the hydration treatment described above).
- the “pure water” used at this time refers to impurities in water so that impurities are not mixed into the anodized film. Reduced as much as possible (for example, conductivity is less than 1.0 ⁇ S / cm).
- the substrate As a condition for hydrating the substrate, it is preferable to perform an immersion treatment in pure water at 65 to 100 ° C. for about 0.1 to 10 minutes. If the treatment time is short, there is a possibility that a sufficient hydration film cannot be formed on the surface of the substrate. Therefore, it is preferable to set it to 0.1 minutes (6 seconds) or longer. It may be too thick, and it takes a long time for anodizing.
- Example 1 6061 aluminum alloy specified in JIS is melted to form an aluminum alloy ingot (size: 220 mmW ⁇ 250 mmL ⁇ t100 mm, cooling rate: 15 to 10 ° C.), and the ingot is cut and faced (size: 220 mmW ⁇ 150 mmL ⁇ t60 mm), and then subjected to soaking (540 ° C. ⁇ 8 hours). After soaking, forging a 60 mm thick material into a 20 mm thick plate by hot forging, solution treatment (540 ° C. ⁇ 1 hour), water quenching, and aging treatment (160-180 ° C. ⁇ 8 hours) I gave a match metal plate. A test piece of 25 mm ⁇ 35 mm ⁇ t10 mm was cut out from the game metal plate, and the surface thereof was chamfered.
- the target thickness D1 of the anodic oxide film was 200 ⁇ m.
- Test No. 1 is an example in which an anodic oxide film is formed under the conventional processing conditions, and the voltage is changed to 80 V constant voltage processing after the voltage reaches 80 V of the upper limit voltage in constant current processing of 4.0 A / dm 2. Thus, it took about 871 minutes (total processing time) to form an anodic oxide film having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
- Test No. Nos. 2 to 4 are obtained by shortening the power interruption time T1.
- No. No. 2 is one in which the resting process is performed once with the resting time T1 as 1 second, but the voltage is not sufficiently lowered when the electrolysis is resumed after the resting process, and cannot be electrolyzed after the resting.
- Test No. 3 is an example in which the power interruption time T1 is set to 3 seconds and the power interruption processing is performed three times. As in 2, the voltage does not drop sufficiently when resuming electrolysis after the resting treatment, and electrolysis cannot be performed after resting. Test No. No.
- Test No. 5 For 5-7, by setting the resting time T1 to 50-200 seconds, the voltage is sufficiently lowered when the electrolysis is resumed after the resting process, and the electrolysis effectively proceeds after the resting time. An anodized film having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m is formed at a stage where the total treatment time is shorter than that of No. 1). These test Nos. 5 to 7, it can be seen that the shorter the power interruption time T1 (test No. 5 ⁇ test No. 6 ⁇ test No. 7), the shorter the total processing time.
- FIG. 2 shows test no. 4 to 7 show the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “the electrolysis time between power outages”. Note that the results shown in FIG. 2 and subsequent figures (FIGS. 3 to 11) include data in the middle of the power interruption process in addition to the data shown in the table.
- the electrolysis time between the power outages becomes shorter and the test No. In No. 4, when the number of power outages was 173, the voltage did not decrease when electrolysis was resumed and electrolysis could not be performed, and the film thickness at this time was 193 ⁇ m and did not reach 200 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of converting the horizontal axis (x-axis) in FIG. 3 from the number of power interruptions to the film thickness.
- 7920 seconds is the total electrolysis time (seconds) at which the film thickness reaches 200 ⁇ m
- the time to reach the upper limit voltage is 3366 seconds
- the total electrolysis time after the rest of the cycle at which the film thickness becomes 200 ⁇ m is 4554 seconds ( Test No. 5 to 7)
- 200 ⁇ m / 7920 seconds corresponds to the film formation rate.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the relationship between the limit film thickness and the resting time.
- the resting time is y and the limit film thickness is x
- y 0.31 ⁇ e (0.0252x) (e is It is represented by the base of natural logarithm). That is, if the desired film thickness is set to a power interruption time equal to or greater than the “power interruption time T1” calculated by substituting the critical film thickness in the above relational expression, the “power-off and power-off states” are reached until the desired film thickness is reached.
- the desired film thickness can be obtained without the “electrolysis time between” being zero.
- the film thickness in the process until the upper limit voltage is reached in the constant current process is 85 ⁇ m, and the above resting time setting method is applied when the film thickness is 85 ⁇ m or more.
- the rest time is short, it is assumed that process reproducibility is difficult to obtain, and application to the setting of the rest time when the film thickness is 100 ⁇ m or more is recommended.
- Test No. No. 5 has a power interruption time T1 of 50 seconds. Same as 5.
- Test No. No. 8 is the one in which the power interruption process is repeated under the processing condition of the power interruption time T1 of 50 seconds, and the power interruption time at the 70th power interruption (about 170 ⁇ m in film thickness) is changed to 200 seconds (No. 1). 2 power outage treatment).
- test no. No. 9 is a test in which the power interruption time T1 is repeated under the processing condition of 50 seconds, and the power interruption time T2 at the 100th power interruption (about 1850 ⁇ m in film thickness) is changed to 200 seconds. . No.
- FIG. 6 shows test no. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage treatment of No. 8.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “the electrolysis time between power outages” in FIG. 6 and 7 show that the power outage time remains 200 seconds from the beginning (Test No. 7 in Table 1), and the power outage time remains from the first 50 seconds (Test No. in Table 1). The result of .5) is also shown.
- the film thickness shown in FIG. 6 is obtained from the above relationship (the same applies to FIGS. 8 to 11 described later).
- FIG. 8 shows test no. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage treatment of No. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between “number of times of power outage” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for power outage processing of No. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between “film thickness during processing” and “electrolysis time between power outage” for 10 power outage treatments.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between “the number of power outages” and “electrolysis time between power outages” for 10 power outage treatments.
- the processing time is shortened by performing the power interruption process with the power interruption time T2 being increased in the middle of processing the power interruption time T1 in only 50 seconds. Since the electrolysis time becomes shorter as the film thickness increases, it is effective to change to a long rest time T2 at the end of the treatment. No. 9 is the test no. It can be seen that the processing time is shorter than 8.
- the processing time can be further shortened by performing the change to the long power interruption time T2 multiple times (Test No. 10), but the long power interruption time T2 itself increases the total processing time. Therefore, in consideration of the balance between the long power-off time T2 and the effect of shortening the electrolysis time, the timing and number of times of setting a long power-off time may be set appropriately.
- the power outage time T2 in the second power outage process is 1.5 times or more and 5 times the T1.
- the following degrees have been found to be preferred.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the game metal plate was subjected to an anodic oxidation treatment (including a resting treatment). Moreover, the hydration process and heat processing were performed with respect to the game metal plate which performed the anodizing process on various conditions. The conditions of anodic oxidation, hydration treatment and heat treatment at this time are shown in Tables 3 and 4 (Test Nos. 11 to 47). Moreover, the hardness (Vickers hardness) of the oxide film surface in the game metal plate which performed the said process was measured. At this time, the target thickness D1 of the anodized film was 200 ⁇ m. In Tables 3 and 4, the test numbers in Table 1 are shown. The result of 6 is also shown. In addition, Test No.
- Test No. in Table 3 11 is an example in which an anodic oxide film is formed without performing resting treatment with a current density of 4.0 A / dm 2.
- the upper limit voltage is set to 120 V and a constant voltage of 120 V is reached when the voltage reaches 120 V. This is a switch to processing.
- the aluminum base material was dissolved, and a healthy anodic oxide film could not be formed.
- Test No. in Table 3 Nos. 13, 6, 14, and 15 have a current density of 4.0 A / dm 2 and upper limit voltages set to 115 V, 80 V, 60 V, and 55 V, respectively, and after reaching the upper limit voltage, 100 seconds of power outage processing is performed. The processing time until the film thickness reaches 200 ⁇ m is the test number. Compared to 12, it is greatly shortened. Furthermore, test no. The hardness of the coatings of Nos. 13, 6, and 14 is the test no. It is higher than 12 items. On the other hand, test no. Compared to 13, 6 and 14, the test No. with a lower upper limit voltage was set. The hardness of the coating of No. 15 is test no. It is lower than 12 items.
- the hardness of the coating becomes harder as the solid volume fraction of the porous coating increases, and the solid volume fraction of the coating decreases with the chemical dissolution of the coating during processing, and the chemical dissolution of the coating correlates with the processing time, while Since the volume ratio increases as the voltage increases, it is considered that the hardness of the coating is determined by these balances.
- Table 4 shows an anodic oxide film formed and then subjected to hydration treatment and heat treatment under predetermined conditions. These treatments (hydration treatment alone, or hydration treatment and heat treatment, or It can be seen that the hardness of the anodized film can be further increased by applying a hydration pretreatment prior to the anodizing treatment if necessary.
- the energization is temporarily stopped when a predetermined voltage is reached during the film formation.
- the first power-off process for resuming energization is repeated a plurality of times after continuing this power-off for the power-off time T1 or more, even without using special equipment, the thick film
- the anodized film can be formed with high productivity in a short time, and the member formed with the anodized film on the substrate in this way is used as a material for a vacuum chamber or the like used in a plasma processing apparatus of a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Useful.
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Abstract
Description
[1] アルミニウムおよびアルミニウム合金から選択されるアルミニウム系基材に、一定の電流A0を通じて陽極酸化する皮膜の形成方法であって、皮膜形成中に所定の電圧V1に到達したときに一旦通電を休止し、休電時間T1以上の間、この休電を継続した後、通電を再開する第1休電処理を複数回繰り返す工程を含み、
前記所定電圧V1が、下記式(1a)を満足し、
前記休電時間T1が、下記式(1b)を満足する陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
V1<Vmin…(1a)
T1im≦T1 …(1b)
(式中、Vminは、休電処理を行わずに一定電流A0で陽極酸化処理したときに前記アルミニウム系基材が溶解しはじめる電圧の最低値を示す。T1imは、通電再開時の電圧がV1未満となるのに必要な休電時間の最低値を示す。)
[2] 前記所定電圧V1が、下記式(2a)を満足し、
前記休電時間T1が、下記式(2b)を満足する[1]に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
0.5×Vmin<V1<Vmin…(2a)
Tmin≦T1≦1.2×Tmin…(2b)
(式中、Vminは、前記に同じ。Tminは、陽極酸化皮膜の目標厚さD1を達成するために必要な休電時間の最低値を示す。)
[3] 目標厚さD1が100μm以上であり、前記Vminが100~150Vである[2]に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[4] 前記アルミニウム系基材として6000系アルミニウム合金を用い、陽極酸化処理液として硫酸を使用することで前記Vmin=100~150Vが達成されている[3]に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[5] 休電時間が前記T1よりも長くなる第2休電処理を実施する[1]~[4]のいずれか一つに記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[6] 第2休電処理の休電時間T2が、前記T1の1.5倍以上、5倍以下である[5]に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[7] 下記式(3)を満足するn回目の第1休電処理後に、前記第2休電処理を行う[5]または[6]に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
0.5≦Tmin(n-1)/Tint(1)≦0.9 …(3)
(式中、Tint(1)は、1回目の第1休電処理終了から2回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示し、Tmin(n-1)は、n-1回目の第1休電処理終了からn回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示す。)
[8] 前記第2休電処理を複数回実施する[5]~[7]のいずれか一つに記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[9] 前記V1を60~115Vとする[1]~[8]のいずれか一つに記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
[10] [1]~[9]のいずれか一つに記載の方法で陽極酸化皮膜を形成した後、80~100℃の純水中に、
処理時間(分)≧-1.5×処理温度(℃)+270
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を浸漬する水和処理を実施する工程を含む方法。
[11] [10]に記載の方法で水和処理した後、
処理温度=120~450℃
処理時間(分)≧-0.1×処理温度(℃)+71
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を加熱する熱処理を実施する工程を含む方法。
[12] 陽極酸化皮膜を形成する前に、アルミニウム系基材を純水中で水和処理する[1]~[11]のいずれか一つに記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
なお、前記電圧V1は、休電処理を行わずに一定電流A0で陽極酸化処理したときに前記アルミニウム系基材が溶解しはじめる電圧の最低値(Vmin)よりも低い電圧に設定されればよく、前記Vminはアルミニウム系基材によって異なるが、通常、上記[9]に記載の通り、電圧V1は60~115Vが適切である。
また、上記[10]に記載の処理を施すことによって、陽極酸化皮膜の高硬度化が図れるものとなる。
また、上記[11]に記載の処理を実施することによって、陽極酸化皮膜の更なる高硬度化が図れる。
また、上記[12]に記載の処理を施すことによって、陽極酸化皮膜の更なる高硬度化を図ることができる。
V1<Vmin…(1a)
T1im≦T1 …(1b)
(式中、Vminは、休電処理を行わずに一定電流A0で陽極酸化処理したときに前記アルミニウム系基材が溶解しはじめる電圧の最低値を示す。T1imは、通電再開時の電圧がV1未満となるのに必要な休電時間の最低値を示す。)
0.5≦Tmin(n-1)/Tint(1)≦0.9 …(3)
(式中、Tint(1)は、1回目の第1休電処理終了から2回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示し、Tmin(n-1)は、n-1回目の第1休電処理終了からn回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示す。)
処理時間(分)≧-1.5×処理温度(℃)+270
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を浸漬する水和処理を実施することや、この水和処理を施した後、
処理温度=120~450℃
処理時間(分)≧-0.1×処理温度(℃)+71
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を加熱する熱処理を実施することは、陽極酸化皮膜の高硬度化に有効である。これらの設定条件について説明する。
水和処理の処理温度を80℃~100℃の範囲に規定しても、その処理時間が短いと陽極酸化皮膜の硬度は逆に低下するため、処理温度に応じた最低処理時間を規定することが必要である。具体的には、「処理時間(分)≧-1.5×処理温度(℃)+270」という条件を満たすようにして、水和処理を実施すれば良い。水和処理時間によって陽極酸化皮膜の硬度が変化する理由については、十分に解明できていないが、水和反応による陽極酸化皮膜における酸化物の状態変化と酸化物の体積膨張のバランスに起因とするものではないかと考えることができる。
熱処理の温度は、120℃~450℃の範囲とすることが好ましい。熱処理の温度が120℃未満の場合は、「処理時間(分)≧-0.1×処理温度(℃)+71」という条件を満足する処理時間で熱処理を施しても、陽極酸化皮膜が高硬度化しないおそれがある。その理由については十分に解明できていないが、水和反応後の脱水反応に伴う陽極酸化皮膜の構造変化が不十分であるためと考えられる。一方、熱処理の温度を450℃超とすれば、基材であるアルミニウム合金等の変形が起こりやすくなり、製品の寸法公差が外れる可能性がある。従って、熱処理の温度は、120℃~450℃の範囲とした。
熱処理の処理温度を120℃~450℃の範囲に規定しても、その処理時間が短いと陽極酸化皮膜の硬度は、ビッカース硬度でHv20程度かそれ以下しか上昇せず、熱処理を施す工業的意味が殆どないため、処理温度に応じた最低処理時間を規定することが好ましく、具体的には、「処理時間(分)≧-0.1×処理温度(℃)+71」という条件を満たすようにして、熱処理を実施すれば良い。熱処理時間によって陽極酸化皮膜の硬度が変化する理由については、十分に解明できていないが、水和反応後の脱水反応に伴う陽極酸化皮膜の構造変化に起因とするものではないかと考えることができる。
JISに規定される6061アルミニウム合金を溶製してアルミニウム合金鋳塊(サイズ:220mmW×250mmL×t100mm、冷却速度:15~10℃)とし、その鋳塊を切断して面削(サイズ:220mmW×150mmL×t60mm)した後、均熱処理(540℃×8時間)を施した。均熱処理後、60mm厚さの素材を熱間鍛造により20mm厚の板材に鍛造した後、溶体化処理(540℃×1時間)、水焼入れし、時効処理(160~180℃×8時間)を施して供試合金板を得た。その供試合金板より、25mm×35mm×t10mmの試験片を切り出し、その表面を面削加工した。
実施例1と同様にして、供試合金板に対して陽極酸化処理(休電処理を含む)を行った。また、陽極酸化処理を行った供試合金板に対して、各種条件で水和処理および熱処理を行った。このときの、陽極酸化、水和処理および熱処理の条件を下記表3、4(試験No.11~47)に示す。また、上記処理を行った供試合金板における酸化皮膜表面の硬さ(ビッカース硬度)を測定した。このとき、陽極酸化皮膜の目標厚さD1は200μmとした。尚、表3、4には、表1の試験No.6の結果についても示した。また、試験No.34A(表4)は、陽極酸化皮膜を形成する前(水洗にて基材表面を清浄化した後)に、供試合金板(基材)に、80℃の純水を用いて200秒(約3分)の水和処理(この処理を「水和前処理」と呼ぶことがある)を行ったものである。
本出願は、2010年2月24日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-039126)、2011年1月6日出願の日本特許出願(特願2011-001323)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (12)
- アルミニウムおよびアルミニウム合金から選択されるアルミニウム系基材に、一定の電流A0を通じて陽極酸化する皮膜の形成方法であって、皮膜形成中に所定の電圧V1に到達したときに一旦通電を休止し、休電時間T1以上の間、この休電を継続した後、通電を再開する第1休電処理を複数回繰り返す工程を含み、
前記所定電圧V1が、下記式(1a)を満足し、
前記休電時間T1が、下記式(1b)を満足する陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
V1<Vmin…(1a)
T1im≦T1 …(1b)
(式中、Vminは、休電処理を行わずに一定電流A0で陽極酸化処理したときに前記アルミニウム系基材が溶解しはじめる電圧の最低値を示す。T1imは、通電再開時の電圧がV1未満となるのに必要な休電時間の最低値を示す。) - 前記所定電圧V1が、下記式(2a)を満足し、
前記休電時間T1が、下記式(2b)を満足する請求項1に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
0.5×Vmin<V1<Vmin…(2a)
Tmin≦T1≦1.2×Tmin…(2b)
(式中、Vminは、前記に同じ。Tminは、陽極酸化皮膜の目標厚さD1を達成するために必要な休電時間の最低値を示す。) - 目標厚さD1が100μm以上であり、前記Vminが100~150Vである請求項2に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 前記アルミニウム系基材として6000系アルミニウム合金を用い、陽極酸化処理液として硫酸を使用することで前記Vmin=100~150Vが達成されている請求項3に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 休電時間が前記T1よりも長くなる第2休電処理を実施する請求項1に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 第2休電処理の休電時間T2が、前記T1の1.5倍以上、5倍以下である請求項5に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 下記式(3)を満足するn回目の第1休電処理後に、前記第2休電処理を行う請求項5に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
0.5≦Tmin(n-1)/Tint(1)≦0.9 …(3)
(式中、Tint(1)は、1回目の第1休電処理終了から2回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示し、Tmin(n-1)は、n-1回目の第1休電処理終了からn回目の第1休電処理開始までの時間を示す。) - 前記第2休電処理を複数回実施する請求項5に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 前記V1を60~115Vとする請求項1に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で陽極酸化皮膜を形成した後、80~100℃の純水中に、
処理時間(分)≧-1.5×処理温度(℃)+270
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を浸漬する水和処理を実施する工程を含む方法。 - 請求項10に記載の方法で水和処理した後、
処理温度=120~450℃
処理時間(分)≧-0.1×処理温度(℃)+71
を満たす条件で陽極酸化皮膜を加熱する熱処理を実施する工程を含む方法。 - 陽極酸化皮膜を形成する前に、アルミニウム系基材を純水中で水和処理する請求項1に記載の陽極酸化皮膜の形成方法。
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- 2011-01-06 JP JP2011001323A patent/JP5635419B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-23 KR KR1020127022081A patent/KR101356230B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-02-23 WO PCT/JP2011/054036 patent/WO2011105452A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-02-23 US US13/581,086 patent/US9187840B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-24 TW TW100106201A patent/TWI424096B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150299888A1 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2015-10-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Method for producing anodic porous alumina, method for producing molded article having microscopic pattern on surface, and molded article having microscopic pattern on surface |
US9605355B2 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2017-03-28 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Method for producing anodic porous alumina, method for producing molded article having microscopic pattern on surface, and molded article having microscopic pattern on surface |
WO2021216950A3 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-12-02 | Novelis Inc. | Thermally modified oxide based pretreatments for metals and methods of making the same |
CN115427603A (zh) * | 2020-04-24 | 2022-12-02 | 诺维尔里斯公司 | 用于金属的基于热改性氧化物的预处理以及制造所述金属的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2011195952A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
US20120318674A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
US9187840B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
TW201202486A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
KR20120123103A (ko) | 2012-11-07 |
TWI424096B (zh) | 2014-01-21 |
KR101356230B1 (ko) | 2014-01-28 |
JP5635419B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
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