WO2011097778A1 - 海上风机的安装方法及回收方法 - Google Patents

海上风机的安装方法及回收方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011097778A1
WO2011097778A1 PCT/CN2010/001033 CN2010001033W WO2011097778A1 WO 2011097778 A1 WO2011097778 A1 WO 2011097778A1 CN 2010001033 W CN2010001033 W CN 2010001033W WO 2011097778 A1 WO2011097778 A1 WO 2011097778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foundation
installation
offshore
fan
whole machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001033
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李爱东
丁红岩
Original Assignee
江苏道达海上风电工程科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏道达海上风电工程科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏道达海上风电工程科技有限公司
Priority to US13/380,715 priority Critical patent/US9004819B2/en
Priority to EP10845452.1A priority patent/EP2428443B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/001033 priority patent/WO2011097778A1/zh
Priority to CN201080002621.3A priority patent/CN102369134B/zh
Priority to DK10845452.1T priority patent/DK2428443T3/da
Publication of WO2011097778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011097778A1/zh
Priority to HK12108580.5A priority patent/HK1167847A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B63B77/10—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms specially adapted for electric power plants, e.g. wind turbines or tidal turbine generators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/40—Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the installation technology of an offshore wind turbine, in particular to a one-step installation method of an offshore wind turbine and a method for recovering an offshore wind turbine. Background technique
  • wind energy is a renewable, pollution-free and resource-rich source of energy.
  • countries are stepping up the development and utilization of wind energy, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, and protecting the planet we live on.
  • the use of wind energy is mainly based on wind power and wind power, of which wind power is the main source.
  • the construction technology of offshore wind power is divided into three parts: foundation construction, offshore installation and complete machine commissioning.
  • the structural types adopted by the offshore wind power foundation in the project are usually single pile foundation, multi pile foundation, gravity type, jacket type foundation.
  • the installation method includes branching and mounting, and lifting of the whole machine. Commissioning is basically done by means of offshore commissioning. This has led to the completion of most of the construction of offshore wind power at sea.
  • the cost of infrastructure construction and offshore construction is high, resulting in a significant increase in the investment cost of offshore wind turbine infrastructure compared to the onshore basis, thus limiting the development of offshore wind power.
  • CN101169108A published on April 30, 2008, which discloses an offshore wind power generation wind tower structure designed as a wind tower foundation integrated with a wind power tower and a generator set, and installed at sea. Construction is once installed for the entire wind power tower.
  • the bottom of the offshore wind power generation tower of the invention is a single-cylinder suction anchor foundation or a multi-cylinder suction anchor foundation, and the top of the suction anchor is a ballast tank, and the grit is filled in the ballast tank to adjust the center of gravity of the entire offshore wind power tower.
  • the center of gravity of the entire wind tower is controlled on the suction anchor foundation so that the wind tower can be placed horizontally under the action of gravity during installation, and is easily turned into a vertical state to facilitate the sinking.
  • the storage state of the genset is dumped during transportation, which is different from the state of use of the genset, and it is easy to cause damage to the precision wind turbine.
  • a large attitude change between the transportation and the offshore installation process that is, the transition from the vertical attitude to the horizontal attitude, requires not only the wind tower to have a high structural strength but also the operation of a large dedicated device. Even for large wind towers, it is difficult to operate.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing offshore wind turbine foundation engineering and installation cost are high, the impact on marine conditions is significant, the engineering risk is large, and the construction period is long.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
  • a prefabrication base step comprising a manufacturing base, the foundation comprising a plurality of tanks, the plurality of tanks providing an overall buoyancy force and a positive force, so that the overall structure maintains a vertical state without relying on external forces;
  • a terminal installation step which comprises the following steps: installing the tower column and the fan unit on the base to assemble the whole machine at the dock, and completing the debugging under the state of the whole machine;
  • a transporting step comprising fixing the whole machine to a mounting ship by a fixing system, in which air is injected into the foundation, the whole machine floats on the water, and the whole machine is transported to the sea site by installing the ship,
  • the foundation and the hull are respectively provided with pitch and roll sensors, and the hull ballast is adjusted by the control system during the process of installing the ship to transport the whole machine;
  • the offshore installation step includes releasing the fixing system at the offshore site, releasing the air in the foundation, depositing the whole machine to the seabed by gravity, and fixing the foundation to complete the installation.
  • the prefabricated basic step comprises pre-exploring the offshore site to determine installation requirements, and designing the foundation as a circular or polygonal structure according to installation requirements, and manufacturing in the land prefabrication field
  • the foundation is then subjected to structural testing and passed the test.
  • the plurality of cabins comprises at least one mid-tank and a plurality of side tanks, the plurality of side tanks being farther apart than the at least one mid-cabin
  • the geometric center of the foundation after the foundation is launched, provides primary buoyancy through the at least one gun, and provides positive force through the side tank to control the smooth floating of the foundation and the objects mounted on the foundation.
  • the method of the present invention wherein the ratio of the center of gravity of the whole machine to the base diameter or the span of the polygon is not greater than 0.3.
  • the base has a diameter of not less than 20 meters.
  • the installation step includes injecting compressed air into the basic cabin after the prefabricated foundation is launched, using the foundation's own buoyancy and the righting structure to float, and towed to the installation dock by the tugboat and fixed.
  • the terminal installation step comprises hoisting the tower column, the blade and the fan head on the basis of the shore-based crane, and completing the wind turbine assembly and the fan unit electrification debugging.
  • Technical Solution 8 The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transporting step comprises transferring the whole machine to a wind turbine installation vessel, and the crane lifting the whole machine to a pre-designed height to fix the upper tower column.
  • the transporting step comprises transporting the wind turbine through the installation vessel and transporting it to the site using a tugboat.
  • sea: upper mounting step comprises releasing the fixing system, lowering the whole machine by the crane, and opening the deflation valve to release air from the basic cabin , sinking the whole machine to the seabed by gravity.
  • the transporting step comprises monitoring a relative displacement of the complete machine and the hull by a positioning system, and utilizing a traction system between the hull and the whole machine to ensure longitudinal Verticality.
  • step of installing on the sea comprises performing precise positioning by a positioning system, and fixing the position of the whole machine by means of anchoring, dynamic positioning or the like.
  • the method of depositing the whole machine to the seabed is selected from the group consisting of a gravity sedimentation method, a soil drop method, and a negative pressure deposition method. .
  • step of installing the sea comprises contacting the soil load capacity to a design requirement by a negative pressure ground treatment and/or a gravity ballast foundation treatment.
  • step of installing the sea comprises leveling the foundation to a design requirement.
  • Technical Solution 16 The method for recycling offshore wind turbines, which includes the following steps:
  • the step of lifting at sea includes providing a basic rising buoyancy by injecting compressed air into the interior of the foundation, and correcting the whole machine to avoid overturning by installing a ship fixing system, and fixing the whole fan to the installation ship after completing the basic lifting; a transporting step comprising: transporting the fan to the installation vessel by means of a fixing system, and maintaining the air in the foundation to cause the fan to float on the water, and transporting the fan through the installation ship Leaving the offshore site, setting the pitch and roll sensors respectively on the base and the hull, and adjusting the hull ballast through the control system during the installation of the ship transporting the fan; the terminal operation step, which includes repairing the fan at the dock or Disassembly processing.
  • the offshore lifting step comprises injecting high pressure water to loosen the foundation from the seabed.
  • the method according to the invention can realize one-step installation and dismantling of the whole machine, so that the large-scale hoisting machinery and the transporting ship are not required in the offshore operation process, and it is easy to operate on a large offshore wind turbine, and the operation is easy to realize, and the power is high, relative
  • the existing installation technology greatly reduces the cost. Since the foundation, tower and fan unit can be maintained in the same position from manufacturing and transportation to use, the risk of damaging the components of the fan is minimized, which reduces the structural damage resistance and reduces manufacturing costs.
  • the technical solution of the invention has the advantages of low noise of construction work at sea, less disturbance area of seabed, no leakage of pollutants, and the like, and has good environmental protection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a basic structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a basic subdivision structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a basic haulage according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the completion of a complete fan installation at a dock according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic view of a ship loading a fan after installation according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the whole of a transport fan according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a view showing the installation of a marine mounted fan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method of installing an offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a prefabrication basic step, a dock installation step, a transportation step, and an offshore installation step.
  • the foundation of the prefabrication field on the land is completed, and after the basic manufacturing of the land prefabrication yard is completed, the structural test is carried out, and the inspection is passed before proceeding to the next step.
  • the infrastructure is prefabricated on land, which solves the problems of limited construction factors, high cost, difficult quality management and high risks.
  • the pre-exploration offshore site determines installation requirements and the underlying structure is designed according to the installation requirements.
  • the basic structure is usually a cylinder, which may have a circular cross section or a polygonal shape or other shape.
  • the foundation 1 includes a cabin 10 and a platform 12.
  • the cabin 10 includes a middle shot 1 08 and four side tanks 101, 102, 103, 104.
  • the mid-cabin 1 08 is close to the centre of the foundation 1 and the mid-cabin 108 can also be designed as a plurality of separate compartments to provide better structural strength and controllability.
  • the four sides ⁇ 1 01, 102, 103, 104 are farther away from the center of the base 1 than the middle compartment 1 08.
  • the main buoyancy is provided by at least one of the mid-cabins 108, and the plurality of side tanks 101, 102, 103, 104 are used as the righting structure to provide the righting force, thereby controlling the foundation 1 and the objects mounted on the foundation 1.
  • the diameter or polygonal span of the foundation 1 is not less than 20 meters in order to meet the transport stability and to meet the stability requirements during on-site installation and use at sea.
  • Design basis 1 Appropriate structural weight, to have sufficient self-weight, and consider the structure and weight of the tower 2 and the fan unit 3 in advance, so that the center of gravity of the whole machine is not higher than the platform 12.
  • the ratio of the height of the center of gravity of the whole machine 100 to the span of the base diameter or the polygon is not more than 0.3, so that the whole machine 100 has good floating stability and is convenient for installation on the sea.
  • the foundation 1 is launched, the compressed air is injected into the cabin 10 of the foundation 1, and the buoyancy of the foundation 1 and the righting structure are used to float, and the foundation 1 is hauled by the tug 4 To the installation dock 5, and preferably the foundation 1 is fixed to the dock 5.
  • the head 5 mounts the tower 2 and the fan unit 5 on the foundation 1 and assembles it into a complete machine 100.
  • the tower column 2, the blade 30, and the fan head 32 are hoisted on the foundation 1 in turn by a shore crane (not shown) to complete the final assembly.
  • the column 2 has a hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the column 2 has a certain taper and the lower diameter is larger than the upper diameter.
  • the tower 2 has a good structural strength and a small self-weight, which is advantageous in reducing the center of gravity of the whole machine 100 while satisfying the strength requirement.
  • all or part of the commissioning of the terminal 5 is completed in the state of the complete machine, including live commissioning of the fan unit 3.
  • on-board lifting equipment By completing the assembly and commissioning of the complete machine 100 (including the infrastructure) at the dock 5, on-board lifting equipment can be used. Compared with offshore hoisting equipment, land hoisting equipment is simpler, less expensive, easy to maintain, and highly reliable. Complete or partial commissioning on land. Compared with offshore commissioning, it improves the efficiency of commissioning and provides better related equipment and accessories. The commissioning time is short, the commissioning environment is good, the staff work intensity is low, and the operating cost is low.
  • the whole machine in the transport step, the whole machine is transported to the wind turbine installation vessel 6, and the whole machine is fixed to the installation vessel 6 by the fixing system.
  • the whole machine in the case where air is injected into the foundation 1, the whole machine is floated on the water.
  • the crane 100 is used to lift the machine 100 to the design height, and the upper tower 2 is fixed by a fixing system.
  • the whole machine is transported to the offshore site, and the pitch and roll sensors are respectively set in the foundation 1 and the hull 6, and the hull 6 ballast is adjusted by the control system during the process of installing the ship 6 to transport the whole machine 100.
  • the relative displacement of the whole machine 100 to the hull 6 is monitored by a positioning system, and the verticality of the longitudinal direction is ensured by using a traction system between the hull 6 and the wind turbine 100.
  • the foundation 1 and the column 1 are usually made of a steel-concrete structure having a relatively low manufacturing cost, and the steel-concrete structure is adapted to withstand a high compressive stress and can only withstand relatively small tensile stress. Therefore, ensuring the verticality of the fan 3 during transportation is beneficial to reduce the risk of damaging the fan 3 and the whole machine 100. If the whole machine 100 is to be able to withstand the dumping posture, the side needs to improve the structure of the fan 3, the tower 2 or even the foundation 1, thereby increasing the cost.
  • the invention adopts a special transportation installation ship 6, and the crane is used to support the fan foundation, and the upper part can adopt the truss support mode.
  • a multi-point sensor is installed on the fan unit 100 and the installation vessel 6, so that the whole machine 100 maintains the same vertical position as in the use state during transportation. Since the foundation 1, the column 2 and the fan unit 3 are kept in the same position from manufacture and transportation to use, the risk of damaging the complete machine of the fan is minimized.
  • the foundation 1 itself can provide buoyancy, the transport vessel is allowed to be unloaded during transportation. Or reducing the weight of the load fan 100, greatly reducing the requirements on the carrying capacity of the transport vessel and reducing transportation costs.
  • the offshore installation step includes releasing the fixing system at the offshore site, releasing the air in the foundation 1 hull 10 to reduce the buoyancy, the whole machine 100
  • the foundation 1 is fixed and the installation is completed. Since the air in the body 10 of the foundation 1 is released, the seawater can enter the foundation 1, and the whole machine 100 can be placed by its own gravity, and the foundation 1 is not required to be sunk by using a large construction machine.
  • the foundation 1 is prefabricated to provide conduits and valves that communicate with the cabin 10.
  • the installation process is supported by the installation ship to ensure the safety and installation verticality of the sinking process.
  • the positioning system achieves precise positioning, and anchoring, dynamic positioning, and the like are used to fix the position.
  • the whole machine is installed to the design depth by a combination of gravity sinking, soil sinking, and negative pressure sinking.
  • the foundation 1 is leveled to the design requirements, and the soil bearing capacity is met by the design of the negative pressure ground treatment and/or the gravity ballast foundation treatment.
  • the sinking mud surface adopts various sinking techniques and foundation treatment technologies, and the longitudinal perpendicularity and the foundation bearing capacity after the installation is completed can be realized.
  • the prior art has disclosed some basic sinking methods and reinforcement methods, for example, the Chinese invention patent application entitled "A thick-walled tubular foundation gas injection method for sinking soil sinking" is No. 200910244841.
  • X and the application number of the foundation reinforcement method based on the tubular foundation negative pressure technology A method of foundation reinforcement is disclosed for Chinese Patent Application No. 20091 0069424. Please refer to the patents mentioned in detail, and will not repeat them.
  • the offshore fan can be recovered as a whole in a substantially reverse process.
  • the method of recovery of offshore wind turbines includes the steps of lifting at sea, transport steps and terminal operations.
  • the buoyancy is provided by injecting compressed air into the interior of the tank 10 of the foundation 1.
  • the step of lifting at sea comprises injecting high pressure water to loosen the foundation 1 from the seabed.
  • the whole machine 100 is transported by the installation ship 6.
  • the pitch and roll sensors are respectively set in the foundation 1 and the hull 6, and the hull 6 ballast is adjusted by the control system during the installation of the ship 6 to transport the fan.
  • the foundation 1, the column 2 and the fan unit 3 maintain the same position as the use state, the risk of damaging the fan unit 100 is minimized.
  • the foundation 1 itself can provide a buoyancy force, the transport vessel 6 is allowed to be unloaded or the weight of the load wind turbine 100 is reduced during transportation, the requirements for the carrying capacity of the transport vessel 6 are greatly reduced, and the transportation cost is reduced.
  • repair or disassemble the fan at the terminal As mentioned earlier, all of these repairs or disassembly work can be done with shore-based equipment at the dock. Compared with offshore operations, the equipment costs are low and the working conditions are good, which helps to reduce construction costs.
  • the method according to the invention can realize one-step installation and removal of the whole machine, has low risk of damage to the whole machine, easy operation and high success rate, and greatly reduces the cost compared with the existing installation technology. Moreover, the technical solution of the invention has the advantages of less ships required in the offshore operation process, small construction noise, less disturbing area of the seabed, no leakage of pollutants, and the like, and has good environmental protection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

海上风机的安装方法及回 i|t方法 技术领域
本发明涉及海上风机的安装技术，尤其涉及一步式的海上风机的安装 方法及海上风机的回收方法。 背景技术
在自然界中， 风能是一种可再生、 无污染而且储量巨大的能源。 随着 全球气候变暖和能源危机，各国都在加紧对风能的开发和利用，尽量减少 二氧化碳等温室气体的排放，保护我们赖以生存的地球。风能的利用主要 是以风能作动力和风力发电两种形式， 其中又以风力发电为主，
目前， 海上风电的建造技术分主体工程为基础施工、 海上安装、 整机 调试三个部分。 工程中海上风电基础采用的结构型式通常为单桩基础、多 桩基础、重力式、导管架式基础。安装方式有分部^装、整机吊装等方式。 调试基本采用海上调试的方式。这导致海上风电的建造大部分工程在海上 完成，其基础构建和海上施工费用高昂，致使海上风机基础结构的投资费 用较陆上基础大幅度增加， 从而限制了海上风电的发展。
请参见 2008 年 4 月 30 日公开的中国发明专利申请公布说明书第 CN101169108A 号， 其公开了一种海上风力发电风塔结构为风塔基础与风 力发电塔架及发电机组为一体的设计，海上安装施工为风力发电塔整体一 次安装。该发明的海上风力发电塔底部为单筒吸力锚基础或多筒吸力锚基 础，吸力锚顶部为压载仓，通过压载仓内充填钢砂用来对整个海上风力发 电塔的重心进行调整，使整个风塔重心控制在吸力锚基础上以便在安装施 工中能够在重力作用下使风塔由水平放置，容易翻转成竖直状态便于沉 放。 然而， 这种安装方法， 在运输时， 发电机组的存放状态是倾倒的， 与 发电机组的使用状态不相同，容易对精密的风力发电机组造成损坏。另夕卜， 在运输与海上安装过程之间需要进行大幅度地姿态转变，即从垂直姿态到 水平姿态的转换，这不但要求风塔具有较高结构强度， 而且需要使用大型 的专用设备进行操作， 甚至对于很大型的风塔难以进行操作。
因此有必要进行改进， 以克服现有的技术问题。
确认本 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是现有海上风机基础工程和安装造价高、受 海洋条件影响显著、 工程风险大、 施工周期长等问题。
为解决以上技术问题， 本发明提供如下技术方案。
1 : 海上风机的安装方法， 其包括以下步骤：
预制基础步骤， 其包括制造基础， 所述基础包括多个舱体， 所述多个 舱体提供了整体的漂浮力及扶正力，使整体结构在不依靠外力的情况下保 持垂直状态；
码头安装步骤，其包括将基础下水，在码头将塔柱及风机机组安装在 所述基础上组装成整机， 并完成整机状态下的调试；
运输步骤，其包括通过固定系统将所述整机固定到安装船，在所述基 础内注入空气的情况下，所述整机漂浮在水上，通过安装船把整机运输到 海上现场，在所述基础和船体分别设置纵摇和横摇感应器，安装船运输整 机的过程中通过控制系统调整船体压载；
海上安装步骤，其包括在海上现场释放固定系统，释放所述基础内空 气， 通过重力沉放整机到海床， 固定基础完成安装。
技术方案 2: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输 步骤包括通过吊机起吊整机到设计高度， 通过固定系统固定上部塔柱。
技术方案 3: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述预制 基础步骤包括预先勘探海上现场确定安装要求，根据安装要求将基础设计 为圆形或多边形结构，在陆地预制场制造所述基础， 然后进行结构测试并 检验合格。
技术方案 4 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述多个 舱体包括至少一个中舱及多个边舱，所述多个边舱比所述至少一个中舱更 远离所述基础的几何中心，在所述基础下水后，通过所述至少一个中枪提 供主要浮力，通过所述边舱提供扶正力以控制基础及在基础上安装的物体 的平稳漂浮。
技术方案 5 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据 海上现场安装要求设计基础包括设计使整机的重心高度与基础直径或者 多边形跨距的比值不大于 0. 3， 所述基础的直径不小于 20米。
技术方案 6: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述码头 安装步骤包括在将预制完成的基础下水后， 在基础的舱体中注入压缩空 气，利用基础自身的浮力与扶正结构起浮，用拖轮拖运到安装码头并固定。
技术方案 7 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述码头 安装步骤包括利用岸基吊机依次在基础上吊装塔柱、叶片及风机头， 完成 风机总装和风机机组带电调试。
技术方案 8: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输 步骤包括将整机转运到风机安装船， 吊机起吊整机到预先设计的高度， 固 定上部塔柱。
技术方案 9: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输 步骤包括通过所述安装船运输风机起运， 利用拖轮运输至现场。
技术方案 10: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述海 ： 上安装步骤包括释放固定系统，通过吊机放下整机，开启放气阀门从所述 基础的舱体释放空气， 通过重力沉放所述整机到海床。
技术方案 1 1 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述运 输步骤包括通过定位系统监测整机与船体的相对位移，利用船体与整机之 间的牵引系统， 确保纵向的垂直度。
技术方案 12 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述海 上安装步骤包括通过定位系统实现精确定位，并采用锚定、动力定位等手 段固定所述整机的位置。
技术方案 1 3: 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述沉 放整机到海床的方法选自由重力沉放法、破土沉放法及负压沉放法组成的 集合。
技术方案 14 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述海 上安装步骤包括通过负压地基处理和 /或重力压载地基处理方式使土壤承 载力达到设计要求。
技术方案 15 : 根据以上技术方案任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述海 上安装步骤包括将基础调平至设计要求。
技术方案 16 : 海上风机的回收方法， 其包括以下步骤：
海上起浮步骤，其包括通过向基础内部注入压缩空气提供基础上升浮 力，通过安装船固定系统扶正风机整机避免倾覆，完成基础起浮后将风机 整机固定到安装船； 运输步骤，其包括在通过固定系统将所述风机整机固定到安装船，并 保持在所述基础内注入空气使所述风机整机漂浮在水上的情况下，通过安 装船把风机整机运输离开海上现场，在所述基础和船体分别设置纵摇和横 摇感应器， 安装船运输风机整机的过程中通过控制系统调整船体压载； 码头作业步骤， 其包括在码头对风机进行维修或者拆卸处理。
技术方案 17 : 根据技术方案 16所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上起浮步 骤包括注入高压水使基础从海床松动。
根据本发明的方法可以实现整机一步式安装及拆除，使得海上作业过 程不需要使用大型的起重机械和运输船舶，很容易对大型的海上风机进行 作业， 操作易于实现而成功率高， 相对于现有的安装技术大大降低成本。 由于基础、塔柱及风机机组从制造及运输到使用都可保持同样的位置，最 大限度降低了损坏风机各组成部分的风险，从而可以降低结构抗损坏的要 求， 进而降低制造成本。 而且， 本发明的技术方案具有海上作业施工噪音 小、 海床扰动面积少、 无污染物泄漏等优点， 具有很好的环保性。 附图说明
参照以下优选实施方式的详细说明，并与附图一并阅读，将更加充分 地理解本发明，附图中同样的附图标记始终指代附图中同样的零件。其中： 图 1显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式的基础结构示意图；
图 2显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式的基础分舱结构示意图； 图 3显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式的基础拖运示意图；
图 4 显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式在码头安装完成风机整机后 示意图；
图 5 显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式在安装船装载风机整机后示 意图；
图 6显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式运输风机整机示意图； 图 7 显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式海上安装风机整机安装示意 图。
附图标记列表：
整机 100 基础 1
舱体 10 边枪 101、 102、 103、 1 04 中舱 1 08 承台 12
塔柱 2 风机机组 3
叶片 30 风机头 32
拖轮 4 码头 5
安装船 6 具体实施方式
根据本发明一种实施方式的海上风机的安装方法包括预制基础步骤、 码头安装步骤、 运输步骤及海上安装步骤。
在预制基础步骤，在陆地的预制场制造基础，在陆地预制场完成基础 制造后， 进行结构测试， 检验合格后再进入下一步工序。 基础结构在陆上 预制， 解决了海上施工受限制因素多、 成本高、 质量管理困难、 风险大等 问题。
在优选的具体实施方式中，预先勘探海上现场确定安装要求，根据安 装要求设计基础的结构。 基础的结构通常是柱体， 其横截面可以是圓形， 也可以是多边形或者其他形状。请结合参照图 1及图 2所示，在一种具体 实施方式中， 基础 1 包括舱体 10及承台 12。 舱体 10包括一个中枪 1 08 及四个边舱 101、 102、 1 03、 104。 中舱 1 08靠近基础 1的中心， 也可以 把中舱 108设计成多个分开的舱体，从而提供更佳的结构强度和可以控制 的程度。 四个边舦 1 01、 102、 103、 104比中舱 1 08更远离基础 1的中心。 在基础 1 下水后， 通过至少一个中舱 108提供主要浮力， 通过多个边舱 101、 102、 103、 1 04作为扶正结构以提供扶正力， 从而控制基础 1及在 基础 1上安装的物体的平稳漂浮。优选地，基础 1的直径或者多边形的跨 距不小于 20米， 以便满足运输浮稳性及满足海上现场安装及使用时的稳 定性要求。设计基础 1适当的结构重量， 以具备足够大的自重， 并预先考 虑塔柱 2和风机机组 3的结构及重量，使整机 1 00的重心不高于承台 12。 优选地，使整机 1 00的重心高度与基础直径或者多边形的跨距的比值不大 于 0. 3 , 从而整机 100具有好的浮稳性， 并且便于海上现场的安装。
参照图 3及图 4所示， 在码头安装步骤， 将基础 1 下水， 在基础 1 的舱体 10中注入压缩空气， 利用基础 1 自身的浮力与扶正结构起浮， 用 拖轮 4拖运基础 1到安装码头 5 , 并且优选将基础 1固定在码头 5。 在码 头 5将塔柱 2及风机机组 5安装在基础 1上组装成整机 1 00。 具体地， 利 用岸基吊机（未图示）依次在基础 1上吊装塔柱 2、 叶片 30及风机头 32， 完成总装。 优选地， 塔柱 2呈中空圆筒状。 更优选地， 塔柱 2有一定的锥 度，下部直径大于上部直径。这样塔柱 2的结构强度较好，而且自重较小， 有利于在满足强度要求的同时降低整机 100的重心。在优选的具体实施方 式中， 在码头 5 完成整机状态下的全部或部分调试， 包括对风机机组 3 的带电调试。
通过在码头 5对整机 1 00 (包括基础结构）完成总装与调试， 可采用 陆上吊装设备作业。 相对海上吊装设备， 陆上吊装设备更加简单、 租金更 低、 维护简便、 可靠性高。 陆上完成全部或部分调试， 与海上调试相比， 提高调试的效率和提供更好的相关保障设备及配件，调试时间短，调试环 境好， 人员工作强度低， 作业成本低。
参照图 5及图 6所示，在运输步骤，将整机 1 00转运到风机安装船 6， 通过固定系统将整机 1 00固定到安装船 6。 在具体的实施方式中， 在基础 1内注入空气的情况下， 使整机 1 00漂浮在水上。 而且， 通过吊机起吊整 机 100到设计高度， 通过固定系统固定上部塔柱 2。 通过安装船 6把整机 1 00运输到海上现场， 在基础 1和船体 6分别设置纵摇和横摇感应器， 安 装船 6运输整机 1 00的过程中通过控制系统调整船体 6压载。优选地，通 过定位系统监测整机 1 00与船体 6的相对位移， 利用船体 6与风机整机 1 00之间的牵引系统， 确保纵向的垂直度。
由于风机精密设备比较贵重， 通常不允许倾倒， 否则可能对风机 3 造成损坏。 而且，基础 1和塔柱 1通常采用制造成本相对比较低的钢混结 构， 钢混结构适合承受较高的压应力， 而只能承受相对较小的拉应力。 因 此在运输过程中保证风机 3的垂直度，有利于降低损坏风机 3及整机 1 00 的风险。 如果要让整机 100能够承受倾倒姿势， 侧需要对风机 3、 塔柱 2 甚至基础 1的结构进行改进， 因而增加成本。本发明采用专用运输安装船 6， 利用吊机扶正风机基础， 上部可以采用桁架扶正的方式。 优选地， 在 风机整机 100及安装船 6上安装多点传感器，使整机 1 00在运输时保持与 使用状态下相同的垂直位置。 由于基础 1、 塔柱 2及风机机组 3从制造及 运输到使用都保持同样的位置， 最大限度降低了损坏风机整机 1 00 的风 险。 另外， 由于基础 1本身可以提供漂浮力， 在运输时允许运输船不负载 或减小负载风机整机 100的重量， 大大降低对运输船运载力的要求， 降低 运输成本。
在把整机 1 00运输到海上现场后，参照图 7所示，进行海上安装步骤， 其包括在海上现场释放固定系统， 释放基础 1船体 1 0内的空气以减小浮 力， 整机 1 00通过重力沉到海床， 固定基础 1完成安装。 由于释放基础 1 的航体 10 内空气后， 海水可以进入基础 1， 通过自身重力即可沉放整机 100 , 不需要使用大型的施工机械使基础 1下沉。 在优选的具体实施方式 中， 基础 1预制设置与舱体 10连通的管道及阀门。 在释放固定系统后， 开启基础 1的放气阀门释放空气并通过吊机放下整机 1 00，整机 100通过 重力沉到海床。安装过程用安装船 机扶正，确保下沉过程的安全和安装 垂直度。 优选地， 通过定位系统实现精确定位， 并采用锚定、 动力定位等 手段， 固定位置。 优选地， 通过重力沉放、 破土沉放、 负压沉放相结合的 方式将整机 1 00安装到设计深度。在沉放到预定位置后，将基础 1调平至 设计要求， 通过负压地基处理和 /或重力压载地基处理方式使土壤承载力 达到设计要求。 利用安装船 6的辅助机具， 下沉泥面采用多种沉放技术、 地基处理技术， 可以实现安装完成后的纵向垂直度和基础承载力。
现有技术已经公开一些基础下沉方法及加固方法， 例如， 名称为《一 种厚壁筒型基础注气破土下沉方法》 的申请号为第 200910244841. 6号的 中国发明专利申请及名称为《一种气置换水的筒型基础下沉方法》的申请 号为第 20091 0244849. 2号的中国发明专利申请公开了基础下沉方法。 名 称为 《一种气置换水的筒型基础地基加固方法》 的申请号为第 20091 0244844. X 号的中国发明专利申请及名称为 《基于筒型基础负压技 术的地基加固方法》 的申请号为第 20091 0069424. 2号的中国发明专利申 请公开了基础加固的方法。 请详参所述的专利， 不再赘述。
如果风机 3出现一定的故障需要维修， 或者达到服务期限需要更换， 可以用大致相反的过程，整体地回收该海上风机。海上风机的回收方法包 括海上起浮步骤、 运输步骤及码头作业步骤。
在海上起浮步骤， 通过向基础 1的舱体 10内部注入压缩空气提供上 升浮力。优选地， 海上起浮步骤包括注入高压水使基础 1从海床松动。 通 过安装船 6固定系统扶正风机整机 1 00避免倾覆，完成基础 1起浮后将风 机整机 100固定到安装船 6。 由于通过自身浮力即可使整机 1 00上升， 不 需要使用大型的施工机械起吊基础， 施工成本很低。
在运输步骤， 在通过固定系统将风机整机 100固定到安装船 6， 并保 持在基础 1内注入空气使风机整机 1 00漂浮在水上的情况下，通过安装船 6把风机整机 100运输离开海上现场，在基础 1和船体 6分别设置纵摇和 横摇感应器， 安装船 6 运输风机整机的过程中通过控制系统调整船体 6 压载。 类似前所述， 由于基础 1、 塔柱 2及风机机组 3保持与使用状态同 样的位置， 最大限度降低了损坏风机整机 100的风险。 另外， 由于基础 1 本身可以提供漂浮力，在运输时允许运输船 6不负载或减小负载风机整机 100的重量， 大大降低对运输船 6运载力的要求， 降低运输成本。
在码头作业步骤，在码头对风机进行维修或者拆卸处理。类似前所述， 这些维修或者拆卸的工作全部可以用码头的岸基设备完成，与海上作业相 比， 设备成本低， 而且工作条件好， 有利于降低施工成本。
根据本发明的方法可以实现整机一步式安装及拆除，对于风机整机损 坏风险低， 操作易于实现， 成功率高， 相对于现有的安装技术大大降低成 本。而且，本发明的技术方案具有海上作业过程所需船舶少，施工噪音小、 海床扰动面积少、 无污染物泄漏等优点， 具有很好的环保性。
本发明虽然以较佳实施方式公开如上， 但其并不是用来限定本发明， 任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做出可能的 变动和修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以本发明权利要求所限定的范围 为准。

Claims

权利要求
1. 海上风机的安装方法， 其特征在于其包括以下步骤：
预制基础步骤， 其包括制造基础， 所述基础包括多个舱体， 所述多个 舱体提供了整体的漂浮力及扶正力，使整体结构在不依靠外力的情况下保 持垂直状态；
码头安装步骤，其包括将基础下水，在码头将塔柱及风机机组安装在 所述基础上组装成整机， 并完成整机状态下的调试；
运输步骤，其包括通过固定系统将所述整机固定到安装船，在所述基 础内注入空气的情况下，所述整机漂浮在水上，通过安装船把整机运输到 海上现场，在所述基础和船体分别设置纵摇和横摇感应器，安装船运输整 机的过程中通过控制系统调整船体压载；
海上安装步骤，其包括在海上现场释放固定系统，释放所述基础内空 气， 通过重力沉放整机到海床， 固定基础完成安装。
2. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输步骤包括通过吊机起吊 整机到设计高度， 通过固定系统固定上部塔柱。
3. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述预制基础步骤包括预先勘探 海上现场确定安装要求， 根据安装要求将基础设计为圆形或多边形结构， 在陆地预制场制造所述基础， 然后进行结构测试并检验合格。
4. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述多个舱体包括至少一个中舱 及多个边舱，所述多个边舱比所述至少一个中舱更远离所述基础的几何中 心， 在所述基础下水后， 通过所述至少一个中舱提供主要浮力， 通过所述 边舱提供扶正力以控制基础及在基础上安装的物体的平稳漂浮。
5. 权利要求 3所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据海上现场安装要求设计 基础包括设计使整机的重心高度与基础直径或者多边形跨距的比值不大 于 0. 3， 所述基础的直径不小于 20米。
6. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述码头安装步骤包括在将预制 完成的基础下水后，在基础的舱体中注入压缩空气，利用基础自身的浮力 与扶正结构起浮， 用拖轮拖运到安装码头并固定。
7. 权利要求 6所述的方法， 其中， 所述码头安装步骤包括利用岸基 吊机依次在基础上吊装塔柱、叶片及风机头， 完成风机总装和风机机组带 电调试。
8. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输步骤包括将整机转运到 风机安装船， 吊机起吊整机到预先设计的高度， 固定上部塔柱。
9. 权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输步骤包括通过所述安装 船运输风机起运， 利用拖轮运输至现场。
10. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上安装步骤包括释放固 定系统， 通过吊机放下整机， 开启放气阀门从所述基础的枪体释放空气， 通过重力沉放所述整机到海床。
11. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述运输步骤包括通过定位系 统监测整机与船体的相对位移，利用船体与整机之间的牵引系统，确保纵 向的垂直度。
12. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上安装步骤包括通过定 位系统实现精确定位，并采用锚定、动力定位等手段固定所述整机的位置。
13. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述沉放整机到海床的方法选 自由重力沉放法、 破土沉放法及负压沉放法组成的集合。
14.. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上安装步骤包括通过负 压地基处理和 /或重力压载地基处理方式使土壤承载力达到设计要求。
15. 权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上安装步骤包括将基础 调平至设计要求。
16. 海上风机的回收方法， 其特征在于其包括以下步骤：
海上起浮步骤，其包括通过向基础内部注入压缩空气提供基础上升浮 力，通过安装船固定系统扶正风机整机避免倾覆， 完成基础起浮后将风机 整机固定到安装船；
运输步骤，其包括在通过固定系统将所述风机整机固定到安装船， 并 保持在所述基础内注入空气使所述风机整机漂浮在水上的情况下，通过安 装船把风机整机运输离开海上现场，在所述基础和船体分别设置纵摇和横 摇感应器， 安装船运输风机整机的过程中通过控制系统调整船体压载； 码头作业步骤， 其包括在码头对风机进行维修或者拆卸处理。
17. 权利要求 16所述的方法， 其中， 所述海上起浮步骤包括注入高 压水使基础从海床松动。
PCT/CN2010/001033 2010-07-12 2010-07-12 海上风机的安装方法及回收方法 WO2011097778A1 (zh)

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