WO2011096521A1 - 永久磁石回転機 - Google Patents
永久磁石回転機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011096521A1 WO2011096521A1 PCT/JP2011/052392 JP2011052392W WO2011096521A1 WO 2011096521 A1 WO2011096521 A1 WO 2011096521A1 JP 2011052392 W JP2011052392 W JP 2011052392W WO 2011096521 A1 WO2011096521 A1 WO 2011096521A1
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- permanent magnet
- magnet
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- housing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
- H01F7/11—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current reducing or eliminating the effects of eddy currents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
- H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2796—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets where both axial sides of the rotor face a stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
- H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a permanent magnet rotating machine that can be used as a motor, a generator or the like.
- Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are increasingly used for their excellent magnetic properties.
- permanent magnet rotating machines using Nd-Fe-B based permanent magnets have been developed along with the reduction in the size, performance, and energy saving of equipment. .
- Patent Document 2 proposes a permanent magnet rotating machine of an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet which has no decrease in residual magnetic flux density and particularly has a large coercive force at the end of the permanent magnet.
- Patent Document 3 proposes an arrangement of permanent magnets with high utilization efficiency in the internal space of an axial gap type permanent magnet rotating machine.
- the present inventor examined the cause of the decrease in efficiency of the rotating machine in the rotating machine that cools the permanent magnet with the cooling air from the blower, and there is a difference in the degree of thermal deterioration of the permanent magnet. It was found that it was caused by deterioration of the permanent magnet on the side. That is, the present inventors have found that the temperature rise of the cooling air itself flowing from the intake port side to the exhaust port side causes thermal deterioration of the permanent magnet.
- the present invention includes a rotating shaft, a rotor connected to the rotating shaft and rotating together with the rotating shaft, a stator, and a housing that houses the rotor or a permanent magnet fixed to the stator;
- a permanent magnet rotating machine that includes a blower that sends the cooling air to the suction port and that is driven using the magnetic force of the permanent magnet,
- a permanent magnet rotating machine in which the exhaust port side permanent magnet has a higher coercive force than the intake port side permanent magnet is provided.
- the stator may be fixed directly or indirectly to the housing. Giving the exhaust-side permanent magnet a higher coercive force than the intake-side permanent magnet includes stepwise increasing the coercivity of the permanent magnet from the intake-side to the exhaust-side.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side has a higher coercive force than the permanent magnet on the intake port side, so that thermal deterioration of the permanent magnet can be suppressed, and the driving efficiency and power generation efficiency of the permanent magnet rotating machine can be reduced. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4A is a front view from the rotating shaft direction of the generator shown in FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a side view
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view along the line AA.
- the rotor of the SPM motor used in Example 1 is shown.
- the shape of the magnet used in Example 1 is shown.
- the lamination of the magnet used in Example 1 is shown.
- 8A shows the end rotor used in the second embodiment from the direction of the rotation axis on the permanent magnet side, and FIG.
- FIG. 8B shows the end rotor used in the second embodiment along the line BB.
- a cross section along with the dimensions is shown.
- FIG. 9A shows the internal rotor used in Example 2 from the direction of the rotation axis
- FIG. 9B shows a cross section along the line CC of the internal rotor used in Example 2 with dimensions.
- FIG. 10A shows the stator used in Example 2 from the direction of the rotation axis
- FIG. 10B shows the cross section along the DD line of the stator used in Example 2, which was used respectively. Enter the dimensions.
- FIG. 11A shows the end rotor used in the third embodiment together with dimensions from the direction of the rotation axis on the plate-like structure side
- FIG. 12B shows the end rotor used in the third embodiment as a permanent magnet.
- FIG. 12C shows a cross section along the line EE of the end rotor used in Example 3 together with dimensions.
- the internal structure of the axial gap type motor used in Example 4 is shown with a dimension.
- the axial gap type motor used in Example 4 is shown.
- the temperature rise of the cooling air itself flowing from the intake port side to the exhaust port side in the housing causes thermal deterioration of the permanent magnet.
- L / D which is the ratio of the length L inside the housing along the rotation axis of the rotation shaft and the diameter D of the cross section inside the housing perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotation shaft, is 1 or more, Accordingly, the influence of the temperature distribution of the cooling air from the intake port side toward the exhaust port side increases.
- the temperature immediately rises to 100 ° C. near the inlet and at least 120 ° C. at the outlet. It is discharged as air.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side is easily demagnetized, and the efficiency of power generation is reduced.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust air side of the cooling air has a higher coercive force than the permanent magnet on the air intake side.
- the residual magnetic flux density Br of the permanent magnet is preferably substantially the same (preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.02 Tesla).
- the coercive force of the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side higher than that of the permanent magnet on the intake port side while maintaining the residual magnetic flux density Br of the permanent magnet substantially the same.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side is maintained while maintaining the residual magnetic flux density Br substantially the same.
- a magnet having a higher coercive force Hcj than the permanent magnet on the inlet side may be selected.
- a permanent magnet may be used in which the coercive force is increased by a surface treatment by a so-called grain boundary diffusion alloy method (for example, Patent Document 1) described later.
- the permanent magnet used in the permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably, an R 1 —Fe—B based composition including an Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet or the like (R 1 includes Y and Sc).
- R 1 includes Y and Sc.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side includes the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side while maintaining the residual magnetic flux density Br substantially the same.
- a higher coercive force Hcj may be selected.
- the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side and the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side may be the same type, and the permanent magnet on the exhaust port side may be subjected to a surface treatment that increases the coercive force by a so-called grain boundary diffusion alloy method. .
- Surface treatment by the grain boundary diffusion alloy method is advantageous because it can increase the coercive force while maintaining the residual magnetic flux density Br substantially the same.
- the exhaust-side permanent magnet whose coercive force is increased by surface treatment by the grain boundary diffusion alloy method is preferably an R 1 —Fe—B-based composition
- R 1 is one or more selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc
- R 2 oxide, R 3 fluoride, and R 4 oxyfluoride R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently Y and Sc.
- the sintered magnet body and the powder in a state in which a powder containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements is present on the surface of the sintered magnet body. It is obtained by performing a heat treatment in a vacuum or an inert gas at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body.
- the sintered magnet body composed of the R 1 —Fe—B based composition contains R 1 , Fe and B.
- R 1 is at least one selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc, specifically, Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu is mentioned, Preferably it contains 1 or more types chosen from the group which consists of Nd, Pr, and Dy.
- Rare earth elements containing these Y and Sc is 10 to 15 atomic% of the total alloy is preferably in particular 12-15 atomic%, more preferably Nd and Pr or an any one of 10 atoms in R 1 % Or more, particularly 50 atomic% or more is preferable.
- B is preferably contained in an amount of 3 to 15 atom%, particularly 4 to 8 atom%.
- Al, Cu, Zn, In, Si, P, S, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta and One or more selected from W may be contained in an amount of 0 to 11 atomic%, particularly 0.1 to 5 atomic%.
- the balance is inevitable impurities such as Fe and C, N, and O, but Fe is preferably contained in an amount of 50 atomic% or more, particularly 65 atomic% or more. Further, a part of Fe, for example, 0 to 40 atomic%, particularly 0 to 15 atomic% of Fe may be substituted with Co.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently one or more selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc, and each of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is preferably at least 10 atomic%, more preferably Preferably contains 20 atomic% or more, particularly 40 atomic% or more of Dy or Tb.
- the powder containing fluoride and / or oxyfluoride of R 4 of the R 3, R 3 and / or R 4 to 10 atomic% or more Dy and / or Tb is included, and R 3 and It is preferable from the object of the present invention that the total concentration of Nd and Pr in R 4 is lower than the total concentration of Nd and Pr in R 1 .
- the oxide of R 2 , the fluoride of R 3, and the oxyfluoride of R 4 are preferably R 2 2 O 3 , R 3 F 3 , and R 4 OF, respectively, but other R 2 O n , R 3 F n , R 4 O m F n (m and n are arbitrary positive numbers), and those obtained by substituting or stabilizing a part of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 with metal elements, etc. It refers to an oxide containing R 2 and oxygen capable of achieving the effect, a fluoride containing R 3 and fluorine, and an oxyfluoride containing R 4 , oxygen and fluorine.
- a fine powder containing at least one selected from an oxide of R 2 , a fluoride of R 3 , and an oxyfluoride of R 4 is used as water or an organic solvent.
- application by spraying is also possible.
- the particle size of the fine powder affects the reactivity when the R 2 , R 3 or R 4 component of the powder is absorbed by the magnet, and the smaller the particle, the greater the contact area involved in the reaction.
- the average particle size of the existing powder is 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more.
- the average particle diameter for example, the mass average value D 50 with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus and the like by a laser diffraction method or the like (i.e., particle diameter or when the cumulative mass is 50% median diameter) can be calculated as .
- the abundance ratio of the powder is 1 mm from the magnet surface.
- the average value in the space surrounding the inner magnet is preferably 10% by volume or more, and more preferably 40% by volume or more.
- the powder present on the magnet surface contains an oxide of R 2 , a fluoride of R 3, an oxyfluoride of R 4 , or a mixture thereof, in addition to R 5 (R 5 is a rare earth including Y and Sc).
- R 5 is a rare earth including Y and Sc.
- an oxide of R 5 may be included.
- an oxide of R 2, fluoride of R 3, oxyfluoride of R 4, or mixtures thereof 10% by mass or more relative to the entire powder is preferably 20 More than mass% is contained.
- the oxide of R 2 , the fluoride of R 3 and the oxyfluoride of R 4 are 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and still more preferably 90% by mass with respect to the whole powder. % Or more is recommended.
- the magnet and the powder are vacuum or an inert gas such as argon or helium in the state in which a powder composed of an oxide of R 2 , a fluoride of R 3, an oxyfluoride of R 4 , or a mixture thereof is present on the magnet surface. It is heat-treated in an atmosphere (this process is also called “absorption process”). This absorption treatment temperature is equal to or lower than the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body. When the sintered magnet body is processed at a temperature higher than the sintering temperature (referred to as T s ° C.), (1) the structure of the sintered magnet is altered and high magnetic properties cannot be obtained.
- T s ° C. a temperature higher than the sintering temperature
- the diffused R diffuses not only into the crystal grain interface of the magnet but also into the interior, resulting in a decrease in residual magnetic flux density. Therefore, the processing temperature is lower than the sintering temperature.
- the temperature is preferably (T s ⁇ 10) ° C. or lower. In addition, although the minimum of temperature is selected suitably, it is 350 degreeC or more normally.
- the absorption treatment time is 1 minute to 100 hours. If it is less than 1 minute, the absorption treatment is not completed, and if it exceeds 100 hours, the structure of the sintered magnet is altered, and problems such as inevitable oxidation and evaporation of components adversely affect the magnetic properties. More preferably, it is 5 minutes to 8 hours, particularly 10 minutes to 6 hours.
- R 2 , R 3 or R 4 contained in the powder present on the magnet surface is concentrated in the rare earth-rich grain boundary phase component in the magnet, and this R 2 , R 3 Alternatively, R 4 is substituted in the vicinity of the surface layer portion of the R 1 —Fe—B based composition.
- the powder contains R 3 fluoride or R 4 oxyfluoride, a part of the fluorine contained in this powder is absorbed in the magnet together with R 3 or R 4.
- the rare earth element contained in the oxide of R 2 , the fluoride of R 3 , and the oxyfluoride of R 4 is one or more selected from rare earth elements including Y and Sc. Since elements having a particularly large effect of increasing magnetic anisotropy are Dy and Tb, it is preferable that the ratio of Dy and Tb as the rare earth elements contained in the powder is 10 atomic% or more in total. More preferably, it is 20 atomic% or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the total concentration of Nd and Pr in R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is lower than the total concentration of Nd and Pr in R 1 . As a result of this absorption treatment, the coercivity of the R 1 —Fe—B based sintered magnet is efficiently increased with little reduction in residual magnetic flux density.
- the permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention includes, for example, a housing, a rotating shaft, a rotor core (rotor core) connected to the rotating shaft and rotating together with the rotating shaft, and a plurality of permanent magnets attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core.
- a radial gap type motor including a rotor including a magnet, a stator core (stator core) having a plurality of slots, and a stator including a coil wound around the stator core, arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor via a gap.
- the stator may be fixed directly or indirectly to the housing.
- a fan for sending cooling air to control heat generation in the housing is provided, and in order to allow the cooling air to penetrate into the housing, for example, the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor and the stator and / or the rotor core
- An intake port and an exhaust port are arranged so that the air can flow through a hole provided along the rotation axis of the rotor.
- FIG. 1 shows a front view of the radial gap motor according to one embodiment from the direction of the rotation axis.
- the radial gap type motor 10 is disposed with a rotating shaft 11, a rotor 12 in which a plurality of permanent magnets 14 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 13, and a gap (gap) on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 12.
- the stator core 16 has a plurality of slots, and the stator 15 includes a coil 17 wound around a tooth.
- the number of poles of the permanent magnet is 6, the number of teeth is 9, and the arrow in the permanent magnet indicates the direction of magnetization of the permanent magnet.
- Permanent magnets are oriented in a parallel magnetic field, and the easy magnetization direction is parallel to the center line of the magnet.
- the coil is wound around the teeth with concentrated winding, and a U-phase V-phase W-phase three-phase Y-connection is made.
- the black circle mark of the coil means that the coil winding direction is in front, and the x mark means that the coil winding direction is in the back.
- FM indicates the direction of the magnetic field, and M indicates the magnetization direction.
- FIG. 2 shows the structure of another embodiment of the radial gap type motor.
- the radial gap type motor 20 is disposed with a rotary shaft 21, a rotor 22 in which a plurality of permanent magnets 24 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 23, and a gap (gap) on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 22.
- the stator core 26 has a plurality of slots, and the stator 25 includes a coil 27 wound around a tooth.
- magnets 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d are arranged along the rotation axis.
- the air introduced from the air inlet (not shown) of the housing by the blower is led out from the air outlet (not shown) of the housing through the hole 28 provided along the rotary shaft 21 in the rotary core 23.
- the permanent magnets 24c and 24d on the exhaust port side use permanent magnets having a higher coercive force than the permanent magnets 24a and 24b on the intake port side, so that a reduction in driving efficiency of the rotating machine can be suppressed.
- the permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention can also be used as an axial gap type motor.
- the permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention is disposed, for example, on a rotating shaft, two end rotating disks disposed at intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and opposing surfaces of the two end rotating disks.
- a two-stage end rotor having a permanent magnet and rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft; a rotating disk disposed at a gap in a gap formed by the two-stage end rotor; and the rotation
- At least three or more stages of disk-shaped rotors on which permanent magnets are arranged are arranged, and stators having stator coils are arranged in at least two or more gaps formed by the rotors. Are stacked at intervals of at least 5 stages in total in the direction of the rotation axis.
- the stator may be fixed directly or indirectly to the housing.
- a wind power generator can be provided by installing a propeller on the rotating shaft.
- a blower for sending cooling air for controlling heat generation in the housing, and for passing the cooling air into the housing for example, an end rotor and a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the inner rotor and the housing; and Inlet and exhaust ports are arranged so that they can flow through holes provided along the rotation axis of the rotary shaft inside the end rotor, the internal rotor, and if necessary, the stator.
- the permanent magnet has a magnetization direction in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shafts of the rotating disks of the end rotor and the inner rotor are set.
- the two or more concentric circles with different diameters at the center are arranged at equal intervals so as to have four or more poles on the circumference, and are opposed to the concentric circles with different diameters on which the permanent magnets of the respective rotating disks are arranged.
- Three or more stator coils are arranged at equal intervals on each circumference of different diameter concentric circles of the fixed platen.
- FIGS. 3 is a perspective view
- FIG. 4 is a front view from the direction of the rotation axis
- FIG. 4A is a side view
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view along the line AA. ).
- FIG. 4C shows the air flow.
- the rotating shaft 31 that transmits the rotational force is rotatably supported by a generator housing (not shown) via a bearing.
- One end of the rotating shaft 31 can be coupled to a propeller or the like, and the rotational force is transmitted to the generator 30.
- Rotors 32e and 32i are fastened to the rotating shaft 31, and the rotor rotates in synchronization with the rotating shaft.
- the generator 30 includes rotors 32e and 32i having permanent magnets 34ea, 34eb, 34ia, and 34ib arranged on a plurality of disk-like structures 33e and 33i that are connected to the rotating shaft, and positions that face the rotation trajectory of the permanent magnets.
- the disk-shaped structure 36 has a stator 35 in which a plurality of coils 37a and 37b are arranged, and these rotors and stators are alternately stacked.
- the rotor has three stages, and a stator having a coil is sandwiched therebetween.
- the air introduced from the intake port (not shown) of the housing by the blower flows along the rotary shaft 31 from the rotor 32e at one end, and is led out from the exhaust port (not shown) through the rotor 32e at the other end.
- a through hole may be provided in one or both of the rotors 32e and 32i and the stator 35.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a rotor provided with a through hole.
- the exhaust port may be provided on the radial direction side as shown in FIG.
- the permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention can also be used as a radial gap generator.
- the permanent magnet may be fixed to the stator and the coil may be fixed to the rotor.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Radial gap type motor (Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3) ⁇ Motor used in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3> As shown in FIG. 5, an 8-pole, 12-slot SPM motor having a rotor diameter of 180 mm, an outer diameter of 220 mm including a stator frame, an axial length of 250 mm, and a shaft diameter of 30 mm was produced. This rotor constitutes one pole by using four permanent magnets in the axial direction.
- a torque of 30 Nm was generated at 1000 rpm and rated to 3 kW, and the rotational speed of 1000 rpm and torque of 30 Nm were used as conditions for rated operation.
- the motor is provided with a cooling hole 48 as shown in FIG. 5, and forced air cooling is possible by sending air to the hole.
- FIG. 6 shows the magnet shape used. The depth is 55 mm. This magnet is C-shaped and has a radial magnetization direction.
- the magnet used in this example is a neodymium Nd-Fe-B magnet.
- Table 1 shows the magnetic properties of the magnets. The maximum energy product of all magnets at room temperature is 350 kJ / m 3 .
- As the permanent magnet four types A, B, C, and D having the residual magnetic flux density (Br) and the coercive force (iHc) shown in Table 1 were used.
- the magnet of D After applying the grain boundary diffusion method, the magnet of D is obtained by laminating 11 magnets each having a thickness of 5 mm and bonding them to a length of 55 mm as shown in FIG.
- the so-called grain boundary diffusion alloy method is applied, in which a fluorine compound containing Tb is applied to the whole using the magnet of C as a base material, and the coercive force is improved by heat treatment at 900 ° C. for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere. I let you.
- Example 1 As four-stage permanent magnets in the axial direction of the rotor of the SPM motor, A, B, C, and D were attached in order from the windward during forced air cooling. Using this SPM motor, rated operation (first rated operation) is performed for 3 hours, and the surface temperature of the rotor during rated operation at both ends of the rotor is measured using a radiation thermometer from the hole provided in the frame. did. The measured temperatures at both ends of the rotor are taken as “inlet side measured temperature” and “exhaust side measured temperature”, respectively, and the measurement results are shown in the “rated operation” row of Table 2. The “estimated average temperature” in Table 2 was the average temperature at both ends of the rotor.
- Example 1 the motor was cooled to room temperature, rated operation (second rated operation) was performed for 1 hour, and the output was measured.
- the change in output between the first rated operation and the second rated operation is shown in the “rated operation” column of Table 3.
- the row of “operation” shows the output change from the first rated operation in the “20% overload operation” column of Table 3.
- Example 1 as can be seen from Table 3, the motor characteristics have not changed, and thus it can be seen that the permanent magnet used in this rotor has no demagnetization.
- Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that B magnets were attached to all four stages of permanent magnets in the axial direction of the rotor. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. As shown in Table 3, when the load operation was performed, the motor output was reduced by 15%. When the magnets were taken out and examined, among the four-stage magnets of Comparative Example 1, the second-stage magnet on the leeward side was demagnetized, and in particular, the fourth stage had 12% demagnetization.
- Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that C magnets were attached to all four stages of permanent magnets in the axial direction of the rotor. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. As shown in Table 3, when the load operation was performed, the motor output was reduced by 0.4%. When the magnet was taken out and examined, the magnet on the most leeward side among the four stages of magnets was demagnetized.
- Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that D-magnets were attached to all four stages of permanent magnets in the axial direction of the rotor. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. As shown in Table 3, when the load operation is performed, the motor output does not decrease.
- Table 3 also shows the magnet cost based on the cost of the magnet used for the rotor of Comparative Example 1 and the magnet cost based on the cost of the magnet used for the rotor of Example 1. Since the magnet of D used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 uses expensive Tb and includes a heat treatment step, it is more expensive than the magnets of A, B, and C. Therefore, compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 3 in which the number of magnets D used is larger than that in Example 1 is more expensive than Example 1, and the amount of Tb, which is a rare metal, is increased.
- Axial gap type motors (Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 4 to 9) ⁇ Motors used in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5>
- the dimensions of the rotor 32e are shown in FIG. 8, the dimensions of the rotor 32i are shown in FIG. 9, and the dimensions of the stator 35 are shown in FIG.
- Both the outer diameters of the rotor and the stator were 230 mm, the number of poles of the rotor was 8, and the number of slots of the stator was 12.
- a concentric arc drawn at a central angle of 45 ° was connected by a straight line, and a shape composed of two concentric arcs and two straight lines was used. Therefore, it is described as a pseudo trapezoidal magnet.
- Two pseudo trapezoidal magnets are used for one pole, and these magnets are arranged in the radial direction (an inner magnet and an outer magnet).
- the magnet should be installed at a concentric circle 20 mm from the center and installed so that the inner circumference of the inner magnet matches, and a concentric circle 55 mm from the center. Install so that the inner periphery of This corresponds to one pole.
- the inner side magnet and the outer side magnet were arrange
- the end rotor and the inner rotor are made of iron plates having an outer diameter of 210 mm, and the permanent magnets have the same polarity when they are adjacent in the radial direction, and are different from each other in the circumferential direction. It arrange
- the stator is a pseudo-trapezoid having a concentric arc having a central angle of 30 ° and an outer diameter of 200 mm and an inner diameter of 40 mm on a bakelite plate having an outer diameter of 230 mm, an inner diameter of 20 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm, and an air core with a turn number of 30 having a thickness of 10 mm. 12 coils are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- Nd—Fe—B sintered magnets having the same magnetic characteristics, a permanent trapezoidal magnet having a central angle of 45 ° and a concentric arc having an outer diameter of 100 mm and an inner diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 5 mm can be obtained.
- the two straight portions of the pseudo trapezoid were used as 2.5 mm shaving magnets F in the inner direction along the straight line.
- an Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet having a residual magnetic flux density Br of 1.375 (T) and a coercive force iHc of 1671 (kA / m), an outer diameter of 200 mm can be obtained at a central angle of 45 °.
- a pseudo trapezoidal permanent magnet having a concentric arc with an inner diameter of 110 mm and a thickness of 5 mm
- the two linear portions of the pseudo trapezoid were each 2.5 cm shaved magnets EH inward along the straight line.
- a permanent trapezoidal magnet having an arc with a central angle of 45 ° and an outer diameter of 100 mm and an inner diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 5 mm is produced.
- the two straight portions of the pseudo trapezoid were used as 2.5 mm shaving magnets FH in the inner direction along the straight lines.
- Example 2 the rotors of the axial gap type motor described above are referred to as Rp, Rq, and Rr in the order from the windward during forced air cooling.
- the above axial gap type motor is manufactured using F for the inner magnet of Rp, EH for the outer magnet, FH for the inner magnet of Rq, EH for the outer magnet, FH for the inner magnet of Rr, and EH for the outer magnet.
- Motor characteristics 30Nm torque generated at 1000rpm, rated at 3kW, rated at 1000rpm, torque 30Nm at rated operating conditions, after rated operation for 1 hour, and sufficiently cooling the axial rotating machine at room temperature After that, the output after 1 hour was measured with 20% overload operation was measured. Furthermore, the inlet side temperature and the outlet side temperature after both operations were measured. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Example 3 As shown in FIG. 11, an axial gap type motor similar to that in Example 2 was manufactured except that through holes H were provided in the iron plate portions of the two end rotors 32e.
- the through holes had a diameter of 15 mm, and eight iron plates were provided at equal intervals on the same circumference with a diameter of 60 mm.
- the rotor of this axial gap type motor is called Hp, Hq, Hr on the inner side in order from the windward at the time of forced air cooling, F on the inner magnet of Hp, E on the outer magnet, F on the inner magnet of Hq, outer EH was used for the magnet, FH for the inner magnet of Hr, and EH for the outer magnet.
- the rated operation, the output after 20% overload operation, the intake port side temperature and the exhaust port side temperature after both operations were measured. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Comparative Example 7 Use H for inner magnet of Hp, E for outer magnet, F for inner magnet of Hq, E for outer magnet, F for inner magnet of Hr, E for outer magnet, and a rotor having the above through hole H
- An axial gap type motor was manufactured, and the rated operation, the output after 20% overload operation, the intake port side temperature and the exhaust port side temperature after both operations were measured in the same manner as in Example 2. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Example 4 As shown in FIG. 12, two end rotors 32e with through holes H and one stator 35 without through holes are used, which are the same as in the third embodiment, and are parallel to the rotor of the intake port, and the exhaust port is An axial gap motor was manufactured using a casing in the radial direction.
- the axial motor of the second embodiment is the same as the axial motor except for the number of rotors, the number of stators, the intake port, the exhaust port, and the through hole.
- the rotor of this axial gap type motor will be referred to as Kp and Kq on the inner side in order from the windward at the time of forced air cooling.
- This axial gap type motor was manufactured using F for the inner magnet of Kp, EH for the outer magnet, F for the inner magnet of Kq, and EH for the outer magnet. Further, as in Example 2, the rated operation, the output after 20% overload operation, the intake port side temperature and the exhaust port side temperature after both operations were measured. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 6.
- Comparative Example 8 The same axial gap type motor as in Example 4 was manufactured except that the inner magnet of Kp was changed to FH, the outer magnet was changed to EH, the inner magnet of Kq was changed to FH, and the outer magnet was changed to EH. The output after 20% overload operation, the inlet side temperature and the exhaust side temperature after both operations were measured. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 6.
- Comparative Example 9 The same axial gap type motor as in Example 4 was manufactured except that the inner magnet of Kp was changed to F, the outer magnet was changed to E, the inner magnet of Kq was changed to F, and the outer magnet was changed to E. The output after 20% overload operation, the inlet side temperature and the exhaust side temperature after both operations were measured. These results are shown in Tables 4 and 6.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、回転シャフト、該回転シャフトに連結され該回転シャフトとともに回転する回転子、固定子、及び該回転子又は該固定子に固着されている永久磁石を収納するハウジングと、
冷却用空気を上記ハウジング内に貫流させるため、上記ハウジングの一端に設けた吸気口と、他端に設けた空気を排気口と、
上記冷却用空気を上記吸入口に送る送風機とを備え、上記永久磁石の磁力を用いて駆動する永久磁石回転機であって、
上記永久磁石のうち、上記排気口側の永久磁石が、上記吸気口側の永久磁石よりも高い保磁力を有する永久磁石回転機を提供する。固定子は、ハウジングに直接的又は間接的に固定されて良い。排気口側の永久磁石に吸気口側の永久磁石よりも高い保磁力を持たせることには、吸気口側から排気口側に向けて永久磁石の保磁力を段階的に高めることも含める。
本発明によれば、永久磁石回転機に用いられる永久磁石のうち、冷却用空気の排気口側の永久磁石を、吸気口側の永久磁石よりも高い保磁力を有するものとする。従来は、発電機の発電効率の低下やモータの駆動効率の低下は、使用する永久磁石全体の耐熱性を上げる必要があると考えられていたが、意外にも一部の永久磁石の保磁力を増加させるだけでこれらの低下を抑制できる。これにより、コスト的にも有利となる。
この吸収処理温度は、焼結磁石体の焼結温度以下である。焼結磁石体の焼結温度(Ts℃と称する)より高い温度で処理すると、(1)焼結磁石の組織が変質し、高い磁気特性が得られなくなる、(2)熱変形により加工寸法が維持できなくなる、(3)拡散させたRが磁石の結晶粒界面だけでなく内部にまで拡散してしまい残留磁束密度が低下する、等の問題が生じるために、処理温度は焼結温度以下、好ましくは(Ts-10)℃以下とする。なお、温度の下限は適宜選定されるが、通常350℃以上である。吸収処理時間は1分~100時間である。1分未満では吸収処理が完了せず、100時間を超えると、焼結磁石の組織が変質する、不可避的な酸化や成分の蒸発が磁気特性に悪い影響を与えるといった問題が生じやすい。より好ましくは5分~8時間、特に10分~6時間である。
R2の酸化物、R3のフッ化物及びR4の酸フッ化物に含まれる希土類元素は、Y及びScを含む希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上であるが、上記表層部に濃化して結晶磁気異方性を高める効果の特に大きい元素はDy、Tbであるので、粉末に含まれている希土類元素としてはDy及びTbの割合が合計で10原子%以上であることが好適である。更に好ましくは20原子%以上である。また、R2、R3、及びR4におけるNdとPrの合計濃度が、R1のNdとPrの合計濃度より低いことが好ましい。
この吸収処理の結果、残留磁束密度の低減をほとんど伴わずにR1-Fe-B系焼結磁石の保磁力が効率的に増大される。
平行となっている。また、コイルはティースに集中巻きで巻かれ、U相V相W相の3相のY結線がなされている。コイルの黒丸印はコイルの巻き方向が手前、×印はコイルの巻き方向が奥であることを意味している。FMは界磁の方向を示し、Mは磁化方向を示す。
ラジアルギャップ型モータ20は、回転シャフト21と、回転子コア23の外周面に複数個の永久磁石24を張り付けた回転子22と、回転子22の外周面に空隙(ギャップ)を介して配置された複数のスロットを有する固定子コア26とティースに巻かれたコイル27からなる固定子25とで構成されている。図2では、回転軸に沿って24a、24b、24c、24dの磁石を配置している。送風機によりハウジングの吸気口(図示せず)から導入された空気は、回転コア23内の回転シャフト21に沿って設けたホール28を通ってハウジングの排気口(図示せず)から導出される。排気口側にある永久磁石24c、24dが、吸気口側の永久磁石24a、24bよりも高い保磁力を有する永久磁石を用いることにより、回転機の駆動効率の低下を抑制できる。
本発明の永久磁石回転機は、アキシャルギャップ型モータとしても使用できる。
ハウジング内の発熱を制御する冷却用空気を送るための送風機を備え、冷却用空気をハウジング内に貫通させるため、例えば、端部回転子及び内部回転子の外周面とハウジングと間の空隙、並びに/又は端部回転子、内部回転子及び必要であれば固定子の内部に回転シャフトの回転軸に沿って設けたホールに流すことができるように吸気口と排気口を配置する。
この発電機は、特許文献3に示すように、好ましくは、前記永久磁石が、前記回転軸の
軸方向に磁化方向を持ち、前記端部回転子及び内部回転子の各回転盤において回転軸を中心とする2つ以上の異径同心円の各円周上に4極以上の磁極数を有するように等間隔に配置され、前記各回転盤の永久磁石が配置された異径同心円に相対する前記固定盤の異径同心円の各円周上に前記固定子コイルが3個以上等間隔に配置されている。
回転力を伝える回転シャフト31は発電機のハウジング(図示せず)にベアリングを介して回転自在に支持されている。回転シャフト31の一端はプロペラ等に結合可能であり、回転力が発電機30に伝達される。回転シャフト31には回転子32e、32iが締結されており回転シャフトと同期して回転子が回転する。発電機30は、回転シャフトと連結する盤状構造物33e、33iに複数配置した永久磁石34ea、34eb、34ia、34ibをした回転子32e,32iと、この永久磁石の回転軌道と対向する位置に盤状構造物36に複数のコイル37a、37bを配列した固定子35とを有し、これら回転子と固定子とが交互に積層された構造である。この例では、回転子は3段を構成し、その間にコイルを備えた固定子が挟み込まれる。送風機によりハウジングの吸気口(図示せず)から導入された空気は、一端の回転子32eから回転シャフト31に沿って流れ、他端の回転子32eを経て排気口(図示せず)から導出される。排気口側にある端部回転子32eに備えられた永久磁石34ea、34eb、及び内部回転子32iが複数ある場合は排気口側の永久磁石34ia、34ibが、吸気口側の永久磁石よりも高い保磁力を有する永久磁石を用いることにより、回転機の発電効率の低下を抑制できる。
さらに、回転シャフト31付近の空気の流れを良くするため、回転子32e、32i、固定子35のいずれか片方、もしくは両方に貫通穴を設けても良い。なお、図8には、貫通穴を設けた回転子の例を示す。
また、回転子32e、32i、や固定子35のいずれか片方、もしくは両方に貫通穴がない場合、回転シャフト31に沿って流れた空気は、回転子や固定子に衝突し、一旦、径方向に流れるため、図10のように、排気口を径方向側に設けても良い。
本発明の永久磁石回転機は、ラジアルギャップ型発電機としても使用できる。
1.ラジアルギャップ型モータ(実施例1及び比較例1~3)
<実施例1及び比較例1~3で使用したモータ>
図5に示すように、ロータ径φ180mm、固定子枠含む外径φ220mm、軸長250mm、シャフト径φ30mmで8極、12スロットのSPMモータを作成した。本回転子は、軸方向に、4つの永久磁石を用いて、1つの極を構成している。モータの性能は、最大エネルギー積350kJ/m3の磁石を使用して、1000rpmで30Nmのトルクを発生、定格3kWとし、この回転数1000rpm、トルク30Nmを定格運転の条件とした。モータには、図5に示すように冷却用穴48が設けられており、この穴に空気を送ることにより強制空冷可能である。
図6には、使用した磁石形状を示す。奥行きは55mmである。本磁石は、C型形状で磁化方向は径方向である。なお、本実施例で使用した磁石はネオジウム系Nd-Fe-B磁石である。磁石の磁気特性を表1に示す。すべての磁石の室温での最大エネルギー積は350kJ/m3である。永久磁石として、表1に示す残留磁束密度(Br)と保磁力(iHc)を有するA、B、C、Dの4種類を使用した。Dの磁石は、粒界拡散法を適用した後、図7に示すように、5mmずつの厚みの磁石を11枚積層して55mm長さに貼り合わせ
たものである。Dの磁石は、Cの磁石を母材として、Tbを含むフッ素化合物を全体に塗布し、Ar雰囲気中で900℃で1時間の熱処理により保磁力を向上させる、いわゆる粒界拡散合金法を適用させた。
上記のSPMモータの回転子の軸方向の4段の永久磁石として、強制空冷時の風上から順にA、B、C、Dを取り付けた。このSPMモータを使用して、3時間定格運転(第1定格運転)を行い、ロータの両端での、定格運転時のロータの表面温度を、枠に設けた穴より放射温度計を用いて測定した。回転子両端の測定温度をそれぞれ「吸気口側測定温度」、「排気口側測定温度」として、測定結果を表2の「定格運転」の行に示す。なお、表2中の「推定平均温度」は、回転子両端の平均温度とした。
その後、モータを室温まで冷却し、1時間定格運転(第2定格運転)を行い、出力を測定した。第1定格運転と第2定格運転の出力変化を表3の「定格運転」の欄に示す。さらに、その後、一旦、モータを室温まで冷却し、定格運転の20%過負荷の状態で1時間の運転をした場合の出力を測定し、その際のロータ温度を表2の「20%過負荷運転」の行に示し、第1定格運転との出力変化を表3の「20%過負荷運転」の欄に示す。
実施例1では、表3から、わかるように、モータ特性は変化しておらず、よって、本ロータに、使用された永久磁石に減磁はないことが分かる。
回転子の軸方向の4段の永久磁石の全てにBの磁石を取り付けた以外は、実施例1と同様とした。結果を表2と表3に示す。
表3に示すように、負荷運転を実施した場合、モータ出力が15%低下していた。磁石を取り出して調べたところ、比較例1の4段の磁石の内、風下側2段の磁石が減磁しており、特に4段目が12%の減磁を生じていた。
回転子の軸方向の4段の永久磁石の全てにCの磁石を取り付けた以外は、実施例1と同様とした。結果を表2と表3に示す。
表3に示すように、負荷運転を実施した場合、モータ出力が0.4%低下していた。磁石を取り出して調べたところ、4段の磁石の内、最も風下側の磁石が減磁していた。
回転子の軸方向の4段の永久磁石の全てにDの磁石を取り付けた以外は、実施例1と同様とした。結果を表2と表3に示す。
表3に示すように、負荷運転を実施した場合、モータ出力は低下していない。
<実施例2及び比較例4~5で使用したモータ>
図3~4に示すアキシャルギャップ型発電きに対応する、2つの端部回転子32eと、1つの内部回転子32iと、2つの固定子35を備えるアキシャルギャップ型モータを使用した。回転子32eの寸法を図8、回転子32iの寸法を図9、固定子35の寸法を図10に示した。回転子と固定子の外径はともに230mmであり、回転子の極数は8極、固定子のスロット数は12であった。なお、磁石として、45°の中心角で描いた同心円の弧の両端を直線で結んだ、2つ同心円弧と2つの直線からなる形状を有したものを用いたが、平行な対辺を同心円弧に置き換えた擬似台形ともいえるため、擬似台形状磁石と記載する。1極について、擬似台形状磁石が2個使用されており、この磁石は、径方向に並んでいる(内側磁石と外側磁石)。磁石の取り付け位置は、中心から20mmのところに同心円を描き、内側磁石の内周部が一致するように設置し、さらに、中心から55mmのところに同心円を描き、この同心円の円周と外側磁石の内周部が一致するように設置する。これが1極に相当する。さらに、周方向に、等間隔に内側磁石及び外側磁石を配置した。その結果、8極のアキシャルギャップ型モータになった。
端部回転子と内部回転子は、外径210mmの鉄板から出来ており、永久磁石は、その極性が、径方向に隣り合うものは、同じ極性で、周方向には、互いに、異なるように配置し、上記の所定の位置に、アクリル系接着剤により固定した。
固定子は、外径230mm、内径20mm、厚み10mmのベークライト板に、中心角30°で外径200mmと内径40mmの同心円の弧を有する擬似台形状で、厚み10mmを有するターン数30の空芯コイルが、周方向に等間隔で12か所配置されている。
次に、図5のケーシングと図4のように、上記の3つの回転子、上記の2つの固定子と用い、回転子間の距離を22mmとして、そのギャップ中央に固定子を配置し、アキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2~3、比較例4~7の評価に用いた。
残留磁束密度Brが、1.375(T)、保磁力iHcが1273(kA/m)であるNd-Fe-B系焼結磁石を研削加工することで、中心角45°で外径200mmと内径110mmの同心円の弧を有する擬似台形状で厚み5mmの永久磁石を作製後、この擬似台形の2つの直線部分を該直線に沿ってそれぞれ内部方向に各2.5cm削り磁石Eとした。また、同じ磁気特性を持つNd-Fe-B系焼結磁石を研削加工することで、中心角45°で外径100mmと内径40mmの同心円の弧を有する擬似台形状で厚み5mmの永久磁石を作製後、この擬似台形の2つの直線部分を該直線に沿ってそれぞれ内部方向に各2.5cm削り磁石Fとした。
残留磁束密度Brが、1.375(T)、保磁力iHcが1671(kA/m)であるNd-Fe-B系焼結磁石を研削加工することで、中心角45°で外径200mmと内径110mmの同心円の弧を有する擬似台形状で厚み5mmの永久磁石を作製後、この擬似台形の2つの直線部分を該直線に沿ってそれぞれ内部方向に各2.5cm削り磁石EHとした。また、同じ磁気特性を持つNd-Fe-B系焼結磁石を研削加工することで、中心角45°で外径100mmと内径40mmの弧を有する擬似台形状で厚み5mmの永久磁石を作製後、この擬似台形の2つの直線部分を該直線に沿ってそれぞれ内部方向に各2.5cm削り磁石FHとした。
以下、上記のアキシャルギャップ型モータの回転子を、強制空冷時の風上から順に内側をRp、Rq、Rrと呼ぶこととする。
Rpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Rqの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Rrの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEHに用いて、上記のアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、このモータ特性は1000rpmで30Nmのトルクを発生、定格3kWとし、この回転数1000rpm、トルク30Nmを定格運転の条件とし、その定格運転を1時間実施後、及び、アキシャル型回転機を十分に室温で冷却した後、20%過負荷運転で1時間実施後の出力を測定した。さらに、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と5に示す。
Rpの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Rqの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Rrの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEHに用いて、上記のアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と5に示す。
Rpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Rqの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Rrの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEに用いて、上記のアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と5に示す。
図11に示すように、2つの端部回転子32eの鉄板部分に貫通穴Hを設けた以外は、実施例2と同様なアキシャルギャプ型モータを製作した。貫通穴は、直径15mmを有し、各鉄板に直径60mmの同一円周上に等間隔に8つ設けられた。このアキシャルギャップ型モータの回転子を、強制空冷時の風上から順に内側をHp、Hq、Hrと呼ぶ事とし、Hpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Hqの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEH、Hrの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEHに用いた。
さらに、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表5に示す。
Hpの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Hqの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Hrの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEHに用いて、上記の貫通穴Hを有する回転子を持つアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表5に示す。
Hpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Hqの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Hrの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEに用いて、上記の貫通穴Hを有する回転子を持つアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表5に示す。
図12に示すように、実施例3と同じ貫通穴H付き端部回転子32eを2つと、貫通穴のない固定子35を1つ用い、吸気口の回転子と平行であり、排気口が径方向にあるケーシングを用いてアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作した。なお、回転子の数、固定子の数、吸気口、排気口、貫通穴以外は、実施例2のアキシャルモータと同じである。
以下、このアキシャルギャップ型モータの回転子を、強制空冷時の風上から順に内側をKp、Kqと呼ぶこととする。
Kpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEH、Kqの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEH、を用いて、このアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作した。さらに、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表6に示す。
Kpの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEH、Kqの内側磁石にFH、外側磁石にEHに変更した以外は実施例4と同じアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表6に示す。
Kpの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にE、Kqの内側磁石にF、外側磁石にEに変更した以外は実施例4と同じアキシャルギャップ型モータを製作し、実施例2と同様に定格運転、20%過負荷運転後の出力、及び、両運転後の吸気口側温度、排気口側温度を測定した。これらの結果を表4と表6に示す。
さらに、回転子に貫通穴を設けることにより、保磁力の低い永久磁石を配置可能な部分が増え、よりコストダウンが出来ることがわかる。
11、21、31 回転シャフト
12、22 回転子
13、23 回転子コア
14、24、24a、24b、24c、24d 永久磁石
15、25、35 固定子
16、26 固定子コア
17、27、37、37a、37bコイル
20 ラジアルギャップ型モータ
28、48 ホール
32e 端部回転子
32i 内部回転子
33e、33i 盤状構造物
36 盤状構造物
FM 界磁の方向
M 磁化方向
H 貫通穴
Claims (4)
- 回転シャフト、該回転シャフトに連結され該回転シャフトとともに回転する回転子、固定子、及び該回転子又は該固定子に固着されている永久磁石を収納するハウジングと、
冷却用空気を上記ハウジング内に貫流させるため、上記ハウジングの一端に設けた吸気口と、他端に設けた排気口と、
上記冷却用空気を上記吸気口に送る送風機とを備え、上記永久磁石の磁力を用いて駆動する永久磁石回転機であって、
上記永久磁石のうち、上記排気口側の永久磁石が、上記吸気口側の永久磁石よりも高い保磁力を有する永久磁石回転機を提供する。 - 上記排気口側の永久磁石が、R1-Fe-B系組成(R1はY及びScを含む希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上を表す。)を有する焼結磁石体であり、R2の酸化物、R3のフッ化物、及びR4の酸フッ化物(R2、R3及びR4は独立してそれぞれY及びScを含む希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素を表す。)から選ばれる1種以上を含有する粉末を当該磁石体の表面に存在させた状態で、該焼結磁石体及び該粉体を該磁石体の焼結温度以下の温度で真空又は不活性ガス中において熱処理を施すことにより得られたものである請求項1に記載の永久磁石回転機。
- 上記排気口側の永久磁石と上記吸気口側の永久磁石が、同一のR1-Fe-B系組成(R1はY及びScを含む希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上を表す。)を有する焼結磁石体であり、上記排気口側の永久磁石が、R2の酸化物、R3のフッ化物、及びR4の酸フッ化物(R2、R3及びR4は独立してそれぞれY及びScを含む希土類元素から選ばれる1種以上の元素を表す。)から選ばれる1種以上を含有する粉末を該焼結磁石体の表面に存在させた状態で、該焼結磁石体及び該粉体を該磁石体の焼結温度以下の温度で真空又は不活性ガス中において熱処理を施すことにより得られたものである請求項1に記載の永久磁石回転機。
- 上記排気口側の永久磁石と上記吸気口側の永久磁石が、±0.02テスラの範囲の実質的に同一な残留磁束密度を有する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の永久磁石回転機。
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