WO2011093481A1 - 窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法及び窒化物系化合物半導体自立基板 - Google Patents
窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法及び窒化物系化合物半導体自立基板 Download PDFInfo
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- nitride
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- -1 nitride compound Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 77
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/183—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being provided with a buffer layer, e.g. a lattice matching layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/0242—Crystalline insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a nitride compound semiconductor substrate using a HVPE method and a nitride compound semiconductor free-standing substrate, and more particularly to a growth condition for growing a low-temperature protective layer.
- a semiconductor device for example, an electronic device or an optical device obtained by epitaxially growing a nitride compound semiconductor such as GaN (hereinafter referred to as a GaN-based semiconductor) on a substrate.
- a substrate mainly made of sapphire or SiC is used.
- these substrate materials have a large lattice mismatch with a GaN-based semiconductor, when a GaN-based semiconductor is epitaxially grown on the substrate, distortion occurs due to strain. Crystal defects will occur. And the crystal defect which arose in the epitaxial layer becomes a factor which reduces the characteristic of a semiconductor device. Therefore, various growth methods have been tried to solve the problems caused by such lattice mismatch.
- Patent Document 1 proposes to use an NdGaO 3 substrate (hereinafter referred to as an NGO substrate) whose pseudo lattice constant is close to that of a GaN-based semiconductor.
- an NGO substrate whose pseudo lattice constant is close to that of a GaN-based semiconductor.
- a technique is disclosed in which a GaN thick film is grown on an NGO substrate by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) to produce a GaN free-standing substrate (a substrate composed only of GaN).
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- the length of the NGO a-axis and the lattice constant in the [11-20] direction of GaN are almost the same, so the problem caused by the lattice mismatch described above can be solved.
- the device characteristics can be improved by using the GaN free-standing substrate as a semiconductor device substrate.
- the growth of the GaN thick film layer is generally performed at a growth temperature of about 1000 ° C., but when the NGO substrate is exposed to the source gas at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C., the GaN thick film layer changes in quality. The crystal quality of the will deteriorate. Therefore, a technique for protecting the NGO substrate by growing a GaN thin film layer called a low-temperature protective layer on the NGO substrate at around 600 ° C. before growing the GaN thick film layer (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). .
- JP 2003-257854 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-4045
- the GaN thick film layer was grown at 1000 ° C.
- stress was applied to the GaN thick film layer due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between GaN and NGO, and the GaN thick film layer warped.
- the in-plane off-angle variation increases.
- the variation in the in-plane off angle becomes large. If the variation in the off angle within the surface of the GaN free-standing substrate becomes large, there is a possibility that desired characteristics (for example, the emission wavelength of the light emitting element) cannot be obtained in a semiconductor device using the substrate.
- the present invention provides a nitride-based compound semiconductor substrate that can prevent a nitride-based compound semiconductor layer from warping and can grow a nitride-based compound semiconductor layer with small in-plane off-angle variation with good reproducibility. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nitride-based compound semiconductor substrate suitable for manufacturing methods and semiconductor devices.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- the supply partial pressure of HCl is 3.07 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.71 ⁇ in the first step. 10 ⁇ 3 atm, and the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is 6.58 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm.
- the supply partial pressure of HCl is set to 4.37 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 6.55 ⁇ in the first step. It is characterized by 10 ⁇ 3 atm.
- the supply partial pressure of HCl is 2.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm, and NH 3
- the supply partial pressure is 7.39 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1.54 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 atm.
- the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is set to 8.76 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1.23. It is characterized by ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 atm.
- the invention according to claim 6 is a nitride compound semiconductor obtained by separating the thick film layer from the nitride compound semiconductor substrate produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
- a self-supporting board, The variation of the off angle with respect to the [11-20] direction and the [1-100] direction in the plane is 1 ° or less, respectively.
- a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN is grown before the GaN thick film layer is grown.
- This low-temperature protective layer is provided to prevent the NGO substrate from reacting with NH 3 and the like at the growth temperature (800 to 1200 ° C.) of the GaN thick film layer, but the growth conditions have been studied separately. Absent. Therefore, the present inventors investigated how the GaN thick film layer warps and the variation of the off-angle with respect to a specific direction in the plane changes depending on the growth conditions of the low-temperature protective layer.
- the properties of the low-temperature protective layer when grown by changing the supply amount of either the group III source gas HCl or the group V source gas NH 3 are as follows. Examined. Note that an NGO substrate was used as the substrate, the growth temperature was 600 ° C., and the growth time was 7.5 min. Specifically, the supply amount of HCl is constant at a supply partial pressure: 2.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm, and the supply amount of NH 3 is set at a supply partial pressure: 5.70 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1.54 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . The low temperature protective layer was grown by changing at 1 atm.
- the supply amount of NH 3 is constant at a supply partial pressure: 6.58 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm
- the supply amount of HCl is set at a supply partial pressure: 3.07 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.71 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm.
- the low temperature protective layer was grown by changing. As a result, when the supply amount of the source gas is changed, the full width at half maximum, the film thickness, and the surface form of the low-temperature protective layer change due to the X-ray diffraction. It was seen (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- a GaN thick film layer was grown on the low-temperature protective layer thus grown, and the off angles with respect to the [1-100] direction and the [11-20] direction in the GaN thick film layer were measured.
- a total of 5 points that is, one point in the plane of the GaN thick film layer and four points located on the peripheral edge on the orthogonal axis passing through the center point, were measured points.
- the variation of the off angle was calculated by (maximum value ⁇ minimum value) / 2.
- the off-angle variation tended to increase as the film thickness increased (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Further, when the film thickness of the low temperature protective layer is 50 to 58 nm, the variation in the off angle is 1.0 ° or less, and when the low temperature protective layer is grown under the conventional growth conditions (the film thickness of the low temperature protective layer is 50 nm). It was clearly better than the weak case. On the other hand, when the low temperature protective layer is grown by changing the supply amount of HCl, the variation in the off-angle decreases as the film thickness increases up to 90 nm, and the film thickness becomes 90 nm. As the film thickness increased, the off-angle variation tended to increase (see FIGS. 5 and 6). Further, when the film thickness of the low-temperature protective layer is 50 to 95 nm, the variation in off-angle is 1.0 ° or less, which is clearly better than the case where the low-temperature protective layer is grown under the conventional growth conditions.
- the variation in the off-angle of the GaN thick film layer grown thereon can be improved by growing the low-temperature protective layer with a film thickness within a predetermined range.
- the supply amount of NH 3 is increased to increase the film thickness of the low-temperature protection layer
- the supply amount of HCl is increased to increase the film thickness of the low-temperature protection layer
- the GaN thick film layer is turned off.
- the supply amount of NH 3 is excessively increased, the NGO substrate is adversely affected by NH 3 during the growth of the low-temperature protective layer, and the properties of the low-temperature protective layer, and thus the GaN thick film layer.
- the present invention for defining the range of the film thickness of the low-temperature protective layer capable of reducing the variation in the off angle in the GaN thick film layer and the supply amount of the source gas (ratio of the supply amount of NH 3 and the supply amount of HCl) was completed. .
- a nitride-based compound semiconductor thick film layer with low warpage and small in-plane variation in off-angle with good reproducibility it is possible to grow a nitride-based compound semiconductor thick film layer with low warpage and small in-plane variation in off-angle with good reproducibility, and suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- a self-supporting substrate can be obtained.
- NH 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the variation in off-angle with respect to the [1-100] direction of the low temperature protective layer having a thickness and a GaN thick film layer when varying the feed rate.
- NH 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the variation in off-angle with respect to the [11-20] direction of the low temperature protective layer having a thickness and a GaN thick film layer when varying the feed rate.
- GaN substrate by epitaxially growing GaN, which is a GaN-based semiconductor, on an NGO substrate made of a rare earth perovskite
- chloride gas (GaCl) generated from group III metal Ga and HCl is reacted with NH 3 to epitaxially grow a GaN layer on the substrate.
- the NGO substrate is placed in the HVPE apparatus, and the temperature is raised until the substrate temperature reaches the first growth temperature (400 to 800 ° C.). Then, GaCl, which is a Group III material generated from Ga metal and HCl, and NH 3, which is a Group V material, are supplied onto the NGO substrate, and a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN is formed to a thickness of 40 to 100 nm. .
- the supply amount of NH 3 is preferably set so that the supply partial pressure is 1.23 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 atm or less.
- the growth conditions (growth temperature, growth time, source gas supply amount) of the GaN thick film layer are not particularly limited, and for example, general GaN growth conditions can be applied.
- a GaN substrate in which a low-temperature protective layer and a GaN thick film layer are formed on an NGO substrate is obtained.
- the GaN thick film layer in the GaN substrate does not warp, and variation in off-angle with respect to the in-plane [1-100] direction and [11-20] direction is 1 ° or less.
- the off-angles with respect to the in-plane [1-100] direction and [11-20] direction Variation of 1 ° or less. Therefore, by using this GaN free-standing substrate as a substrate for manufacturing a semiconductor device, a semiconductor device having desired characteristics can be realized.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is 6.58 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm and the supply partial pressure of HCl is 3.07 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.71 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm, that is, HCl.
- the raw material gas was supplied so that the supply ratio III / V of NH 3 was 0.046 to 0.13, and a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN was grown. At this time, the growth temperature was 600 ° C., and the growth time was constant at 7.5 min.
- the film thickness of the formed low-temperature protective layer was increased from 50 to 90 nm as the HCl supply amount (supply partial pressure) increased.
- the source gas was supplied so that the supply partial pressure of HCl was 1.06 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm and the supply partial pressure of NH 3 was 5.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm, and 2500 ⁇ m A GaN thick film layer was formed.
- the growth temperature was 1000 ° C., and the growth time was 8 hours.
- the warpage was clearly smaller than in the case of the comparative example described later.
- the variation of the off angle was 1 ° or less, It was good.
- the film thickness of the low-temperature protective layer is 60 to 90 nm, and the in-plane thickness of the GaN thick film layer is increased.
- the variation in off-angle was 0.3 ° or less.
- Example 2 In Example 2, the supply partial pressure of HCl is 2.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm and the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is 7.39 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1.23 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 atm, that is, HCl.
- the source gas was supplied so that the supply ratio III / V of NH 3 was 0.017 to 0.029, and a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN was grown. At this time, the growth temperature was 600 ° C., and the growth time was constant at 7.5 min.
- the film thickness of the formed low-temperature protective layer increased with an increase in NH 3 supply amount (supply partial pressure), and was 50 to 58 nm. On this low-temperature protective layer, a GaN thick film layer was grown in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the warpage was clearly smaller than in the case of the comparative example described later.
- the variation of the off angle was 1 ° or less, It was good.
- the film thickness of the low-temperature protective layer is 52 to 53 nm, and the in-plane of the GaN thick film layer The variation in the off-angle was 0.3 ° or less.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the supply partial pressure of HCl is 2.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm and the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is 6.58 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 atm, that is, the supply ratio of HCl and NH 3 is III / A source gas was supplied so that V was 0.033, and a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN was grown. At this time, the growth temperature was 600 ° C. and the growth time was 7.5 min. The film thickness of the formed low-temperature protective layer was 47 nm. On this low-temperature protective layer, a GaN thick film layer was grown in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2.
- the curvature return was observed visually, the clear curvature return was confirmed. Further, when the off angles with respect to the [1-100] direction and the [11-20] direction were measured at five points in the plane in the GaN thick film layer, the variation of the off angle with respect to the [1-100] direction was 1.32. The off-angle variation with respect to the [11-20] direction was 1.58 °. Also in a GaN free-standing substrate manufactured by removing the NGO substrate from the GaN substrate by an appropriate method, separating the GaN thick film layer, and polishing the GaN thick film crystal, the [1-100] direction and the [11] The variation of the off angle relative to the ⁇ 20] direction was greater than 1 °.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the supply partial pressure of HCl is 2.19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 atm and the supply partial pressure of NH 3 is 1.54 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 atm, that is, the supply ratio of HCl and NH 3 is III / A source gas was supplied so that V was 0.014, and a low-temperature protective layer made of GaN was grown. At this time, the growth temperature was 600 ° C. and the growth time was 7.5 min. The film thickness of the formed low-temperature protective layer was 58.7 nm. On this low-temperature protective layer, a GaN thick film layer was grown in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2.
- the curvature return was observed visually, the clear curvature return was confirmed. Further, when the off angles with respect to the [1-100] direction and the [11-20] direction were measured at five points in the plane of the GaN thick film layer, the variation of the off angle with respect to the [1-100] direction was 1.18. The off-angle variation with respect to the [11-20] direction was 1.31 °. Also in a GaN free-standing substrate manufactured by removing the NGO substrate from the GaN substrate by an appropriate method, separating the GaN thick film layer, and polishing the GaN thick film crystal, the [1-100] direction and the [11] The variation of the off angle relative to the ⁇ 20] direction was greater than 1 °.
- a GaN free-standing substrate suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor device can be obtained by separating a GaN thick film layer from the GaN substrate obtained in the embodiment and polishing it to prepare a GaN free-standing substrate.
- the nitride-based compound semiconductor is a compound semiconductor represented by In x Ga y Al 1-xy N (0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1),
- In x Ga y Al 1-xy N there are GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, InGaAlN, and the like.
Abstract
Description
ハイドライド気相成長法(HVPE:Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy)を利用して、III族金属とHClから生成された塩化物ガスとNH3を反応させて基板上に窒化物系化合物半導体をエピタキシャル成長させる窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法であって、
希土類ペロブスカイト基板上に第1成長温度で低温保護層を形成する第1工程と、
前記低温保護層上に前記第1成長温度より高い第2成長温度で窒化物系化合物半導体からなる厚膜層を形成する第2工程と、を有し、
前記第1工程では、HClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.016~0.13となるようにHCl及びNH3の供給量を調整し、50~90nmの膜厚で前記低温保護層を形成することを特徴とする窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。
面内における[11-20]方向及び[1-100]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきが、それぞれ1°以下であることを特徴とする。
上述したように、HVPE法を利用してGaN自立基板を製造する場合、GaN厚膜層を成長させる前にGaNからなる低温保護層を成長させるようにしている。この低温保護層は、GaN厚膜層の成長温度(800~1200℃)でNGO基板がNH3等と反応して変質するのを防止するために設けられるが、成長条件については別段検討されていない。そこで本発明者等は、低温保護層の成長条件によって、GaN厚膜層の反り返りや面内における特定方向に対するオフ角のばらつきがどのように変化するかを調査した。
その結果、原料ガスの供給量を変化させると、低温保護層のX線回折による半値幅、膜厚、表面形態が変化し、このうち低温保護層の膜厚と原料ガスの供給量に相関が見られた(図1,2参照)。
その結果、NH3の供給量を変化させて低温保護層を成長させた場合には、低温保護層の膜厚が55nmまでは膜厚が厚くなるに伴いオフ角のばらつきが小さくなり、膜厚が55nmを超えると膜厚が厚くなるに伴いオフ角のばらつきが大きくなる傾向が見られた(図3,4参照)。また、低温保護層の膜厚が50~58nmのときには、オフ角のばらつきが1.0°以下であり、従来の成長条件で低温保護層を成長させた場合(低温保護層の膜厚が50nm弱の場合)よりも明らかに良好であった。
一方、HClの供給量を変化させて低温保護層を成長させた場合には、低温保護層の膜厚が90nmまでは膜厚が厚くなるに伴いオフ角のばらつきが小さくなり、膜厚が90nmを超えると膜厚が厚くなるに伴いオフ角のばらつきが大きくなる傾向が見られた(図5,6参照)。また、低温保護層の膜厚が50~95nmのときには、オフ角のばらつきが1.0°以下であり、従来の成長条件で低温保護層を成長させた場合よりも明らかに良好であった。
そして、GaN厚膜層におけるオフ角のばらつきを低減できる低温保護層の膜厚の範囲及び原料ガスの供給量(NH3の供給量とHClの供給量の比)を規定する本発明を完成した。
本実施形態では、希土類ペロブスカイトからなるNGO基板上に、GaN系半導体であるGaNをエピタキシャル成長させ、GaN基板を製造する方法について説明する。HVPE法では、III族金属であるGaとHClから生成された塩化物ガス(GaCl)とNH3を反応させて、基板上にGaN層をエピタキシャル成長させる。
このとき、NH3によりNGO基板が変質しないように、HClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.016~0.13となるように原料ガスの供給量を調整する。また、NH3の供給量は供給分圧が1.23×10-1atm以下となるようにするのが望ましい。
実施例1では、NH3の供給分圧が6.58×10-2atm、HClの供給分圧が3.07×10-3~8.71×10-3atmとなるように、すなわちHClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.046~0.13となるように原料ガスを供給し、GaNからなる低温保護層を成長させた。このとき、成長温度は600℃とし、成長時間は7.5minで一定とした。形成された低温保護層の膜厚は、HCl供給量(供給分圧)の増加に伴い厚くなり、50~90nmであった。
この低温保護層の上に、HClの供給分圧が1.06×10-2atm、NH3の供給分圧が5.00×10-2atmとなるように原料ガスを供給し、2500μmのGaN厚膜層を形成した。このとき、成長温度は1000℃とし、成長時間は8時間とした。
また、GaN厚膜層において、面内の5点で[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角を測定したところ、いずれの場合もオフ角のばらつきは1°以下であり、良好であった。特に、HClの供給分圧を4.37×10-3~6.55×10-3atmとした場合には、低温保護層の膜厚が60~90nmとなり、GaN厚膜層の面内のオフ角のばらつきは0.3°以下となった。
また、GaN基板から適当な方法によりNGO基板を除去してGaN厚膜層を分離し、このGaN厚膜結晶を研磨加工して作製したGaN自立基板においても、[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは0.3°以下であった。
実施例2では、HClの供給分圧が2.19×10-3atm、NH3の供給分圧が7.39×10-2~1.23×10-1atmとなるように、すなわちHClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.017~0.029となるように原料ガスを供給し、GaNからなる低温保護層を成長させた。このとき、成長温度は600℃とし、成長時間は7.5minで一定とした。形成された低温保護層の膜厚は、NH3供給量(供給分圧)の増加に伴い厚くなり、50~58nmであった。この低温保護層の上に、実施例1と同様にしてGaN厚膜層を成長させた。
また、GaN厚膜層において、面内の5点で[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角を測定したところ、いずれの場合もオフ角のばらつきは1°以下であり、良好であった。特に、NH3の供給分圧を8.58×10-2~1.05×10-1atmとした場合には、低温保護層の膜厚が52~53nmとなり、GaN厚膜層の面内のオフ角のばらつきは0.3°以下となった。
また、GaN基板から適当な方法によりNGO基板を除去してGaN厚膜層を分離し、このGaN厚膜結晶を研磨加工して作製したGaN自立基板においても、[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは0.3°以下であった。
比較例1では、HClの供給分圧が2.19×10-3atm、NH3の供給分圧が6.58×10-2atmとなるように、すなわちHClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.033となるように原料ガスを供給し、GaNからなる低温保護層を成長させた。このとき、成長温度は600℃とし、成長時間は7.5minとした。形成された低温保護層の膜厚は47nmであった。この低温保護層の上に、実施例1,2と同様にしてGaN厚膜層を成長させた。
また、GaN厚膜層において、面内の5点で[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角を測定したところ、[1-100]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1.32°で、[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1.58°であった。
また、GaN基板から適当な方法によりNGO基板を除去してGaN厚膜層を分離し、このGaN厚膜結晶を研磨加工して作製したGaN自立基板においても、[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1°より大きかった。
比較例2では、HClの供給分圧が2.19×10-3atm、NH3の供給分圧が1.54×10-1atmとなるように、すなわちHClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.014となるように原料ガスを供給し、GaNからなる低温保護層を成長させた。このとき、成長温度は600℃とし、成長時間は7.5minとした。形成された低温保護層の膜厚は58.7nmであった。この低温保護層の上に、実施例1,2と同様にしてGaN厚膜層を成長させた。
また、GaN厚膜層において、面内の5点で[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角を測定したところ、[1-100]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1.18°で、[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1.31°であった。
また、GaN基板から適当な方法によりNGO基板を除去してGaN厚膜層を分離し、このGaN厚膜結晶を研磨加工して作製したGaN自立基板においても、[1-100]方向及び[11-20]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきは1°より大きかった。
また、実施形態で得られたGaN基板からGaN厚膜層を分離し、研磨加工してGaN自立基板を作製することで、半導体デバイスの作製に好適なGaN自立基板を得ることができる。
上記実施形態ではGaN自立基板の製造について説明したが、HVPE法を利用して基板上に窒化物系化合物半導体層を成長させ、窒化物系化合物半導体基板を製造する場合にも本発明を適用することができる。ここで、窒化物系化合物半導体とは、InxGayAl1-x-yN(0≦x+y≦1,0≦x≦1,0≦y≦1)で表される化合物半導体であり、例えば、GaN、InGaN、AlGaN,InGaAlN等がある。
Claims (6)
- ハイドライド気相成長法(HVPE:Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy)を利用して、III族金属とHClから生成された塩化物ガスとNH3を反応させて基板上に窒化物系化合物半導体をエピタキシャル成長させる窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法であって、
希土類ペロブスカイト基板上に第1成長温度で低温保護層を形成する第1工程と、
前記低温保護層上に前記第1成長温度より高い第2成長温度で窒化物系化合物半導体からなる厚膜層を形成する第2工程と、を有し、
前記第1工程では、HClとNH3の供給比III/Vが0.016~0.13となるようにHCl及びNH3の供給量を調整し、50~90nmの膜厚で前記低温保護層を形成することを特徴とする窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程では、HClの供給分圧を3.07×10-3~8.71×10-3atmとし、NH3の供給分圧を6.58×10-2atmとすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程では、HClの供給分圧を4.37×10-3~6.55×10-3atmとすることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程では、HClの供給分圧を2.19×10-3atmとし、NH3の供給分圧を7.39×10-2~1.23×10-1atmとすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程では、NH3の供給分圧を8.76×10-2~1.23×10-1atmとすることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の窒化物系化合物半導体基板の製造方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって製造された窒化物系化合物半導体基板から前記厚膜層を分離して得られる窒化物系化合物半導体自立基板であって、
面内における[11-20]方向及び[1-100]方向に対するオフ角のばらつきが、それぞれ1°以下であることを特徴とする窒化物系化合物半導体自立基板。
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WO2015133443A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-11 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法およびiii族窒化物結晶製造装置 |
JP6019542B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-11-02 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法およびiii族窒化物結晶製造装置 |
US10202710B2 (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2019-02-12 | Osaka University | Process for producing group III nitride crystal and apparatus for producing group III nitride crystal |
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JPWO2011093481A1 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
TW201202489A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
KR20110099103A (ko) | 2011-09-06 |
CN102245814A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
US20120256297A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
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