WO2011089037A1 - Multi cycle geothermal power plant - Google Patents

Multi cycle geothermal power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011089037A1
WO2011089037A1 PCT/EP2011/050198 EP2011050198W WO2011089037A1 WO 2011089037 A1 WO2011089037 A1 WO 2011089037A1 EP 2011050198 W EP2011050198 W EP 2011050198W WO 2011089037 A1 WO2011089037 A1 WO 2011089037A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cycle
primary
power plant
closed loop
steam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/050198
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Celine Mahieux
Christophe Doublet
Markus Fluck
François-André GIRARD
Michael Hiegemann
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology Ltd filed Critical Alstom Technology Ltd
Priority to JP2012549300A priority Critical patent/JP2013517425A/en
Priority to EP11700079A priority patent/EP2526264A1/en
Publication of WO2011089037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011089037A1/en
Priority to US13/551,771 priority patent/US20130091841A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to geothermal power plants and specifically to geothermal power plant configurations suitable for higher temperature reservoirs that have reservoir fluid temperatures significantly above 1 00°C.
  • Common geothermal plant configurations incorporating turbines include direct cycles, indirect cycles or hybrid cycles comprising both indirect and direct cycles,
  • Indirect cycles include multi cycle configurations having a primary cycle, in which reservoir fluid flows through, and a second cycle, having a closed loop circulating fluid that includes a turbine for extracting energy from the circulating fluid.
  • Such cycles may be configured as organic Rankine cycles (ORC) or Kalina cycles.
  • a geothermal power plant is provided that is suitable for operation in higher temperature reservoirs, typically the domain of direct cycle systems, while providing high efficiency and improved resilience to impurities thus enabling standardisation of design of major equipment items such as the turbine unit(s).
  • Embodiments attempt to address this problem by means of the subject matter of the independent claim.
  • Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
  • An embodiment is based on the general idea of providing a second close loop steam/water cycle and a further closed loop cycle for extracting heat from a reservoir fluid.
  • Such power plant is suitable for reservoirs that have high enough temperature to generate steam of sufficient pressure and temperature to operated a steam turbine.
  • the cycle fluid remains free of reservoir contaminates, enabling standardisation of design and in particular enable the second loop to be cost effectively configured as a steam/water loop.
  • This is further added by the further closed loop cycle that is capable of removing low-grade heat from the reservoir, thus improving the economics of the power plant.
  • essentially all reservoir fluid extracted from the reservoir may be returned to the reservoir, increasing the potential life of the reservoir.
  • An aspect provides a multi cycle geothermal power plant that comprises a primary cycle, a closed loop second cycle and at least one further cycle.
  • the primary cycle is configured for a geothermal reservoir fluid wherein reservoir flows once through the cycle.
  • the second cycle is a closed loop water/steam cycle that has a vaporiser that spans the primary cycle and second cycle for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle to the second cycle, while the further closed loop cycle has a heat exchanger spanning the primary cycle and the further cycle for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle to the further second cycle.
  • Figure 1 is a flowsheet of a geothermal power plant according to a preferred embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the fig. shows an exemplary embodiment of a multi cylce geothermal power plant 5.
  • the multi cycle characteristic of the power plant 5 is provided by the fact that the power plant 5 comprises a primary cycle 1 0 and a secondary cycle.
  • the primary cycle 10 comprises a loop for circulating reservoir fluid therethrough.
  • the reservoir fluid typically brine, is extracted from a production well 1 2 and circulates once through the primary cycle 10 before being returned to an injection well 14.
  • Thermal energy is extracted from the reservoir fluid circulating through the primary cycle 10 by means of one or more heat exchangers 8.
  • heat exchangers 8 In an exemplary embodiment heat
  • the secondary cycle comprises a closed loop second cycle 20 and a closed loop further cycle 30 wherein a closed loop cycle is defined as a loop where the heat transfer fluid flows around a continuous loop with minimal makeup or losses.
  • the second cycle 20 shown in the Fig. is
  • a vaporiser 7, in the second cycle 20, spans both the primary cyclel O and the second cycle 20, i.e. is partially located in both cycles.
  • the purpose of the vaporiser 7 and heat exchanger 8 is to transfer thermal energy from the reservoir fluid circulating through the primary cycle 1 0 to the water/steam circulating in the second cycle 20 without the contact or mixing of either fluid with each other. In this way, the water/steam of the second cycle 20 remains free of impurities from the reservoir fluid and so the second cycle 20 can be designed for a clean system.
  • the function of the vaporiser 7 is therefore to utilise the thermal energy of the reservoir fluid by vaporising the water heat transfer fluid of the second cycle 20.
  • an embodiment of the power plant 5 includes a further closed loop cycle that has a heat exchanger 8 for transferring energy from the primary cycle 1 0 into the further cycle 30.
  • the further cycle 30 typically includes a heat energy extraction unit 32, for example a turbine, coupled to a generator 24 for generating power.
  • the further cycle 30 is
  • the further cycle 30 is configured as a Kalina Cycle.
  • the power plant 5 is configured with more than one further cycles 30.
  • the purpose of an embodiment of the further cycle 30 is to extract low grade heat from the reservoir fluid after an initial, first or previous extraction of higher grade heat by the second cycle 20. This is achieved, in an exemplary embodiment, by locating the vaporiser 7 of the second cycle 20 upstream and in series with a heat exchanger 8 of the further cycle 30.
  • a high reservoir return rate can be achieved, providing the benefit of increased reservoir life and energy extraction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a multi cycle geothermal power plant (5) with at least the following cycles: a primary cycle (10) configured for a geothermal reservoir fluid; a closed loop second cycle (20) having a vaporiser (7), spanning the primary cycle (10) and second cycle (20), for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle (10) to the second cycle (20); and at least one further closed loop water/steam cycle (30) having a heat exchanger (8), spanning the primary cycle (10) and the or each further cycle (30), for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle (10) to the or each further cycle (30). By providing indirect secondary cycles the power plant (5) is capable of exploiting high impurity wells with high energy extraction efficiency.

Description

Multi cycle geothermal power plant
TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure relates generally to geothermal power plants and specifically to geothermal power plant configurations suitable for higher temperature reservoirs that have reservoir fluid temperatures significantly above 1 00°C.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Common geothermal plant configurations incorporating turbines include direct cycles, indirect cycles or hybrid cycles comprising both indirect and direct cycles,
Indirect cycles include multi cycle configurations having a primary cycle, in which reservoir fluid flows through, and a second cycle, having a closed loop circulating fluid that includes a turbine for extracting energy from the circulating fluid. Such cycles may be configured as organic Rankine cycles (ORC) or Kalina cycles. Multi cycle
configurations are typically used in low temperature geothermal reservoirs as the additional capital cost of having at least two cycles is offset by the ability to extract energy from relatively low temperature sources. While some of the early higher temperature geothermal reservoirs used binary steam cycles, due in part to impurities in geothermal fluids, improvements in technology, particularly in steam turbine technology, has resulted in the predominance of direct cycles, utilising dry steam or single and multi flash configurations, in high reservoir temperature applications. Despite these technical advances, impurities in geothermal reservoir fluids still present challenges. For example, there may be a need for additional H2S and Hg removal equipment. Corrosion may also be a problem, especially in mineral rich reservoirs. This problem is commonly overcome by the use of more expensive corrosion resistant steel alloys, titanium alloys, or coatings, adding significant cost to the more complex mechanical units such as the turbine. In addition, silica, a particular problem in flash drums, in high concentration is slightly soluble in flash or dry steam and so can further lead to turbine fouling. Coupled to the fact that no two geothermal reservoirs are the same and that the impurity levels of a particular reservoir may change with time, it may take several years of operation and testing to fully understand a given reservoirs conditions in order to optimise, in particularly, the steam turbine in order to overcome the problems caused by impurities. As such time is rarely available, the steam turbine is typically over engineered resulting in both reduced efficiency and increased cost.
Further impacting cost and efficiency is the comparably low temperature and high wetness a steam turbine, typically used in direct cycles, is required to operate in. To overcome the problems caused by these factors typically requires over-sizing and over designing the turbine.
SUMMARY
A geothermal power plant is provided that is suitable for operation in higher temperature reservoirs, typically the domain of direct cycle systems, while providing high efficiency and improved resilience to impurities thus enabling standardisation of design of major equipment items such as the turbine unit(s).
Embodiments attempt to address this problem by means of the subject matter of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
An embodiment is based on the general idea of providing a second close loop steam/water cycle and a further closed loop cycle for extracting heat from a reservoir fluid. Such power plant is suitable for reservoirs that have high enough temperature to generate steam of sufficient pressure and temperature to operated a steam turbine. By configuring the second and further cycles, as a closed loop cycle, the cycle fluid remains free of reservoir contaminates, enabling standardisation of design and in particular enable the second loop to be cost effectively configured as a steam/water loop. This is further added by the further closed loop cycle that is capable of removing low-grade heat from the reservoir, thus improving the economics of the power plant. In addition by having only closed loop second and further cycles essentially all reservoir fluid extracted from the reservoir may be returned to the reservoir, increasing the potential life of the reservoir. An aspect provides a multi cycle geothermal power plant that comprises a primary cycle, a closed loop second cycle and at least one further cycle. The primary cycle is configured for a geothermal reservoir fluid wherein reservoir flows once through the cycle. The second cycle is a closed loop water/steam cycle that has a vaporiser that spans the primary cycle and second cycle for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle to the second cycle, while the further closed loop cycle has a heat exchanger spanning the primary cycle and the further cycle for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle to the further second cycle. ,
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of the invention is disclosed.
BRIEF DESCRI PTION OF THE DRAWINGS
By way of example, an embodiment of the present disclosure is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :
Figure 1 is a flowsheet of a geothermal power plant according to a preferred embodiment of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments. It will be evident, however, that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
The fig. shows an exemplary embodiment of a multi cylce geothermal power plant 5. The multi cycle characteristic of the power plant 5 is provided by the fact that the power plant 5 comprises a primary cycle 1 0 and a secondary cycle. The primary cycle 10 comprises a loop for circulating reservoir fluid therethrough. The reservoir fluid, typically brine, is extracted from a production well 1 2 and circulates once through the primary cycle 10 before being returned to an injection well 14. Thermal energy is extracted from the reservoir fluid circulating through the primary cycle 10 by means of one or more heat exchangers 8. In an exemplary embodiment heat
exchangers 8 include vaporisers 7. Filtration means, not shown, are typically included in the primary cycle 1 0 to reduce fouling of the equipment within this primary cycle 1 0.
In an exemplary embodiment, shown in the Fig., the secondary cycle comprises a closed loop second cycle 20 and a closed loop further cycle 30 wherein a closed loop cycle is defined as a loop where the heat transfer fluid flows around a continuous loop with minimal makeup or losses.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second cycle 20 shown in the Fig. is
configured for water/steam heat transfer fluid by the selection of suitable components. A vaporiser 7, in the second cycle 20, spans both the primary cyclel O and the second cycle 20, i.e. is partially located in both cycles. The purpose of the vaporiser 7 and heat exchanger 8 is to transfer thermal energy from the reservoir fluid circulating through the primary cycle 1 0 to the water/steam circulating in the second cycle 20 without the contact or mixing of either fluid with each other. In this way, the water/steam of the second cycle 20 remains free of impurities from the reservoir fluid and so the second cycle 20 can be designed for a clean system. The function of the vaporiser 7 is therefore to utilise the thermal energy of the reservoir fluid by vaporising the water heat transfer fluid of the second cycle 20.
In order to utilise lower temperature thermal energy, an embodiment of the power plant 5 includes a further closed loop cycle that has a heat exchanger 8 for transferring energy from the primary cycle 1 0 into the further cycle 30. The further cycle 30 typically includes a heat energy extraction unit 32, for example a turbine, coupled to a generator 24 for generating power. In an exemplary embodiment, the further cycle 30 is
configured as an Organic Rankine cycle. In another exemplary embodiment, the further cycle 30 is configured as a Kalina Cycle. In an exemplary embodiment, the power plant 5 is configured with more than one further cycles 30. The purpose of an embodiment of the further cycle 30 is to extract low grade heat from the reservoir fluid after an initial, first or previous extraction of higher grade heat by the second cycle 20. This is achieved, in an exemplary embodiment, by locating the vaporiser 7 of the second cycle 20 upstream and in series with a heat exchanger 8 of the further cycle 30.
By configuring and exemplary embodiment with a second cycle 20 and at least one further cycle 30, each as closed loop cycles, a high reservoir return rate can be achieved, providing the benefit of increased reservoir life and energy extraction.
Although the disclosure has been herein shown and described in what is conceived to be the most practical exemplary embodiment the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather that the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalences thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
REFERENCE NUMBERS
5 Geothermal power plant
7 Vaporiser
8 Heat exchanger
10 Primary cycle
12 Production well
14 Injection well
20 Second cycle
22 Steam turbine unit
24 Generator
26 Condenser
27 Feed pump
30 Third cycle
32 Energy extraction unit
NOT FURNISHED UPON FILING

Claims

Claims
1 . A multi cycle geothermal power plant (5) comprising:
a primary cycle (10) configured for a geothermal reservoir fluid;
a closed loop second cycle (20) having a vaporiser (7), spanning the primary cycle (10) and second cycle (20), for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle (10) to the second cycle (20); and
at least one further closed loop cycle (30) having a heat exchanger (8), spanning the primary cycle (1 0) and the or each further cycle (30), for transferring thermal energy from the primary cycle (10) to the or each further cycle (30),
the power plant (5) characterised by the second cycle (20) being a water/steam cycle.
2. The power plant (5) of claim 1 wherein the or each further cycle (30) is configured as one of a selection of: an Organic Rankine Cycle; or a Kalina Cycle.
3. The power plant (5) of claim 1 or 2 wherein the second cycle (20) includes a steam turbine unit (22), configured and arranged to receive steam from the vaporiser (7).
4. The power plant (5) of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the vaporiser (7) is arranged in series in the primary cycle (10) with the heat exchanger (8).
PCT/EP2011/050198 2010-01-19 2011-01-10 Multi cycle geothermal power plant WO2011089037A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012549300A JP2013517425A (en) 2010-01-19 2011-01-10 Multi-cycle geothermal power plant
EP11700079A EP2526264A1 (en) 2010-01-19 2011-01-10 Multi cycle geothermal power plant
US13/551,771 US20130091841A1 (en) 2010-01-19 2012-07-18 Multi cycle geothermal power plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2010A000047 2010-01-19
IT000047A ITMI20100047A1 (en) 2010-01-19 2010-01-19 MULTI CYCLE GEOTHERMAL POWER STATION

Related Child Applications (1)

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US13/551,771 Continuation US20130091841A1 (en) 2010-01-19 2012-07-18 Multi cycle geothermal power plant

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EP (1) EP2526264A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2013517425A (en)
IT (1) ITMI20100047A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011089037A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2436700R1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-02-13 Universidade Da Coruña Serial rankine cycle thermal plant

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20155317A1 (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-04-26 Exergy Spa ORC binary cycle geothermal plant and process
KR101811580B1 (en) * 2017-01-04 2018-01-26 현대엔지니어링 주식회사 System for High Temperature Reactor
NO346207B1 (en) * 2020-07-13 2022-04-19 Hans Gude Gudesen Power generation system and method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5860279A (en) * 1994-02-14 1999-01-19 Bronicki; Lucien Y. Method and apparatus for cooling hot fluids

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3795103A (en) * 1971-09-30 1974-03-05 J Anderson Dual fluid cycle
US3857244A (en) * 1973-11-02 1974-12-31 R Faucette Energy recovery and conversion system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5860279A (en) * 1994-02-14 1999-01-19 Bronicki; Lucien Y. Method and apparatus for cooling hot fluids

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2436700R1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-02-13 Universidade Da Coruña Serial rankine cycle thermal plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2526264A1 (en) 2012-11-28
JP2013517425A (en) 2013-05-16
US20130091841A1 (en) 2013-04-18
ITMI20100047A1 (en) 2011-07-20

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