WO2011085527A1 - 空气能水源热泵一体化机组 - Google Patents

空气能水源热泵一体化机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085527A1
WO2011085527A1 PCT/CN2010/000796 CN2010000796W WO2011085527A1 WO 2011085527 A1 WO2011085527 A1 WO 2011085527A1 CN 2010000796 W CN2010000796 W CN 2010000796W WO 2011085527 A1 WO2011085527 A1 WO 2011085527A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
inlet
heat
valve
outlet
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PCT/CN2010/000796
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭建国
吴加胜
汪迪文
曾向阳
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湖南元亨科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2011085527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085527A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/041—Details of condensers of evaporative condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

  • the invention discloses a high-efficiency air energy water source heat pump integrated unit, belonging to the application field of an air source heat pump and a water source heat pump system.
  • Solar energy is characterized by intermittent and unstable properties that make large-scale direct application of solar energy very constrained.
  • Air source air-cooled
  • the heat pump has the advantages of being flexible and capable of cooling and heating
  • the air source heat pump not only has a low refrigeration COP (cooling coefficient of performance) in summer, but also has a defrosting problem during heating in winter.
  • the quality of the defrosting method seriously affects the heating performance, safety reliability and life of the air source heat pump.
  • the air source (air-cooled) heat pump Since the outdoor air temperature varies greatly with the regional climate in winter, the air source (air-cooled) heat pump has the following problems during use:
  • the outdoor air temperature is very low in winter. As the outdoor air temperature drops, the COP value of the air-cooled heat pump unit will decrease significantly. When the outdoor temperature drops to a certain limit (usually -5 to -10 °C, a few equipment can reach -15 °C), the unit will It is difficult to start and cannot be used normally.
  • the air-cooled heat pump unit In the case of frosting, the air-cooled heat pump unit generally adopts electric heating or reverse circulation for defrost.
  • the two methods of defrost use the former to consume a large amount of electricity.
  • the air-cooled heat pump When the latter is defrost, the air-cooled heat pump not only does not supply heat to the room. On the contrary, the defrosting heat is extracted from the room, causing 6 to 12% of the heat loss.
  • the water source heat pump uses the soil, groundwater, surface water, etc. as the low-level cold heat source for cooling and heating. Under actual circumstances, the geological conditions and the cost of water resources utilization in different regions are quite different. Therefore, geological conditions and whether there is a suitable water source become a key to the application of water source heat pumps.
  • the traditional air-conditioning unit ⁇ Although it can meet the refrigeration and heating requirements under normal conditions, the air-conditioned room has a large area, high initial investment, high operating cost, complicated installation, large amount of engineering, strong professionalism, cumbersome construction, and management. Maintenance troubles are not conducive to large-scale applications.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency air energy water source heat pump integrated unit with simple structure, small volume, high energy efficiency ratio, low cost, easy installation, construction, economical operation and convenient maintenance, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the heat exchange heat of the heat exchange tower is utilized to minimize the energy consumption of the air conditioner.
  • a high-efficiency air energy water source heat pump integrated unit including a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a heat exchange tower, a water pump, an expansion wide, a reversing valve
  • the first heat exchanger is installed in the heat exchange tower; the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger through the reversing valve, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger is divided into In two ways, one way is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve through a one-way wide, and the other is connected to the inlet and outlet of the expansion valve through a one-way valve; the outlet of the expansion valve passes through the one-way valve and the first
  • the inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected, the inlet of the second heat exchanger is also connected to the inlet of the expansion valve through a one-way valve; the outlet of the second heat exchanger passes through the reversing valve and the compressor
  • the inlet connection is connected to the heat exchange tower with a water pump that
  • a storage is further connected between the outlet of the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the expanded width Liquid, dry filter, sight glass.
  • an accumulator, a dryer, and a sight glass are further connected between the inlet of the second heat exchanger and the inlet of the expansion.
  • a discharge expansion valve for absorbing the compression heat of the compressor and cooling the lubricating oil is further connected between the compressor and the first heat exchanger outlet and the second heat exchanger inlet.
  • the compressor is one of a piston type, a screw type, a scroll type, and a centrifugal type.
  • the reversing valve is a four-way reversing valve.
  • a gas-liquid separator is connected between the switching valve and the compressor inlet.
  • the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tower is one of water or an aqueous solution, and the heat exchange medium is directly sprayed on the surface of the first heat exchanger.
  • the aqueous solution heat exchange medium of the heat exchange tower is selected from the group consisting of having a low surface vapor pressure, a high solubility, a low viscosity, a high boiling point, stable solution properties, low volatility, low corrosivity, and non-toxicity.
  • a solution with low solute price and easy availability including: lithium iodide solution, lithium nitrate solution, zinc bromide inhibited crystallization of urea solution, lithium chloride solution, lithium bromide solution, lithium bromide and calcium chloride mixed solution, lithium chloride One of a mixed solution with calcium chloride.
  • the invention adopts the above structure, and the first heat exchanger is directly placed in the heat exchange tower, the refrigerant circulates between the heat exchanger and the compressor, and the indirect heat and mass exchange is performed with the air through the heat exchange tower, and the summer heat is exchanged.
  • the hot tower spray water dissipates heat to the outdoor air, taking away the heat of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger; in the winter, it absorbs heat from the outdoor air by spraying a suitable aqueous solution, and the refrigerant in the heat exchanger takes heat from the aqueous solution.
  • aqueous solution with low surface vapor pressure, high solubility, low viscosity, high boiling point, stable solution properties, low volatility, low corrosivity, non-toxicity, low solute price and easy availability.
  • the cooling medium remains liquid at very low temperatures and does not freeze, ensuring proper operation of the equipment.
  • the invention adopts an integrated integrated structure, and combines high-efficiency refrigeration, heating device and dual-temperature conversion device assembly, and has the advantages of compact structure, which combines refrigeration and heating to realize conversion cooling or heating.
  • the invention overcomes the defects that the air source heat pump and the water source heat pump are restricted by environmental conditions, and the replacement of the cooling medium can effectively ensure that the equipment can be operated stably and efficiently for a long time, is not restricted by environmental conditions, and has high heat exchange efficiency.
  • the system has high energy efficiency ratio; in winter, it can operate normally at outdoor temperature above -15°C.
  • the energy efficiency ratio of the unit can reach 2.8 ⁇ 3.5 during the whole winter; the coefficient of performance of summer refrigeration can reach 4.2 ⁇ 4.8, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. It can save 25% ⁇ 30% energy than air-cooled heat pump. .
  • the invention adopts an integrated combined structure, which is convenient and quick to install, can realize ready-to-use, greatly shortens the construction period, reduces the construction difficulty and cost, and the performance of the whole machine is stable and reliable, and is easy to operate.
  • the integrated unit is The assembly structure is easy to install and disassemble, easy to manage, easy to maintain and repair, and has wide adaptability.
  • the invention can be designed and configured according to different uses and different environmental temperature and humidity conditions, which can save a lot of running costs, save one-time water resources, and can obtain more heat or cold at the same time, suitable for heating and heating.
  • refrigeration and air conditioning completely solve the problem of no boiler heating, air source heat pump, low heating efficiency, water source heat pump, various conditions, and the air conditioner room area are tight, so that the air conditioning heat pump technology is raised to a new level.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high energy efficiency ratio, low cost, easy installation and construction, economical operation and convenient maintenance, and is an air conditioning refrigeration, heating and sanitary hot water with great development potential.
  • the method is suitable for industrial application; it is of great significance to alleviate the increasingly tense energy crisis and protect the environment; it can also solve the climate instability factors of the air source, the conditions of the source and water sources, and the high initial investment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circulation direction of the agent the dotted arrow indicates the direction of refrigerant circulation during heating.
  • Figure 2 1 compressor, 2 four-way reversing valve, 3 heat exchange tower, 4 heat exchanger, 5 heat exchanger, 6 reservoir, 7 dry filter, 8 sight glass, 9 refrigeration thermal expansion Valve, 10 heating and thermal expansion valve, 11 spray expansion valve, 12 water pump, 13, 14 check valve, 15, 16 solenoid valve, solid arrow indicates the high efficiency air energy water source heat pump integrated unit refrigeration unit refrigerant The direction of the cycle, the dotted arrow indicates the direction of refrigerant circulation during heating.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention comprises a compressor 1, a four-way switching valve 2, a heat exchange tower 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 5, and a reservoir 6.
  • the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, the expansion valve 9, the gas-liquid separator 10, the liquid discharge expansion valve 11, the water pump 12, and the check valves 13, 14, 15, and 16, are electromagnetically wide.
  • the first heat exchanger 4 is installed in the heat exchange tower 3; the outlet G of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet A of the first heat exchanger 4 through the four-way switching valve 2,
  • the outlet B of the first heat exchanger 4 is divided into two paths, one is connected to the inlet C of the expansion valve 9 through the check valve 16, and the other is connected to the outlet D of the expansion valve 9 through the check valve 15.
  • the outlet D of the expansion valve 9 is connected to the inlet E of the second heat exchanger 5 via a check valve 13 , and the inlet E of the second heat exchanger 5 also passes through the check valve 14 and the expansion valve 9
  • the inlet C is connected;
  • the outlet F of the second heat exchanger 5 Connected to the inlet H of the compressor 1 through the reversing valve 2, the water exchange tube 3 is provided with a water pump 12 for providing circulating power of the cooling medium;
  • the outlet B of the first heat exchanger 4 and the Also connected between the inlet C of the expansion valve 9 is a reservoir 6, a drying filter 7, and a mirror 8;
  • an inlet E of the second heat exchanger 5 and an inlet C of the expansion valve 9 are also connected a reservoir 6, a drying filter 7, and a mirror 8;
  • a connection between the compressor 1 and the outlet B of the first heat exchanger 4 and the inlet E of the second heat exchanger 5 for absorbing the compressor 1
  • a liquid expansion valve 11 that compresses heat and cools
  • the compressor is one of a piston type, a screw type, a scroll type, and a centrifugal type.
  • the heat exchange medium of the heat exchange tower when cooling, the heat exchange medium is water; when heating, the heat exchange medium is added with lithium iodide solution, lithium nitrate solution, zinc bromide to inhibit crystallization of urea
  • the refrigerant is directly exchanged with the cooling water or the aqueous solution in the heat exchange tower 3 via the first heat exchanger 4 disposed in the heat exchange tower 3.
  • the first heat exchanger 4 in the heat exchange tower 3 has a coil structure, one end of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the four-way switching valve 2 in the integrated unit, and the other end of the first heat exchanger 4 is stopped.
  • the reverse valve 16 is connected to the reservoir 6.
  • the high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 directly enters the heat exchange tower 3 through the four-way switching valve 2 .
  • the inlet A of the first heat exchanger 4 is cooled by the cooling water in the heat exchange tower 3 under the constant pressure, and the cooling water is circulated through the water pump 12 in the heat exchange tower 3 to release the condensation heat to the external atmosphere. in.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant vapor in the first heat exchanger (condenser) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3 is lowered, and the liquid is condensed into the liquid from the outlet B of the first heat exchanger (condenser) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3, and the high pressure refrigeration
  • the liquid enters the accumulator 6 through the check valve 16, and then passes through the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, and the electromagnetic valve 17, and throttles and depressurizes at the expansion valve 9, causing partial refrigerant liquid to vaporize and absorb latent heat of vaporization.
  • the temperature of its own is also reduced accordingly, becoming a wet steam at low temperature and low pressure, passing through the check valve 13 Entering the inlet E of the second heat exchanger (evaporator) 5, in the second heat exchanger (evaporator) 5, the refrigerant liquid absorbs the heat of the cooled medium (air-conditioning chilled water) under the same pressure After vaporization, the formed low-temperature low-pressure steam passes from the outlet F of the second heat exchanger (evaporator) 5 through the four-way switching valve 2, and is returned to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separation 10, and thus the cycle is repeated.
  • the four-way switching valve 2 operates, the refrigerant reverses circulation, and the high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 Passing the four-way switching valve 2 into the second heat exchanger (condenser) 5 heating the air conditioning water, under the condition of constant pressure, the temperature of the refrigerant vapor in the second heat exchanger (condenser) 5 is lowered, and condenses into a liquid Discharged from the second heat exchanger (condenser) 5, the high-pressure refrigerant liquid enters the accumulator 6 through the check valve 14, and then passes through the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, and the solenoid valve 17, at the expansion valve 9 Flow lowering, becoming wet steam at low temperature and low pressure, entering the first heat exchanger (evaporator) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3 through the check valve 15, and the first heat exchanger in the heat exchange tower 3 (evaporator)
  • the liquid injection expansion valve 11 is sprayed through the electromagnetic valve 18 to the compression chamber of the compressor 1, and is used for absorbing the compression heat of the compressor 1 and cooling the lubricating oil, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the compressor 1. jobs.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention comprises a compressor 1, a four-way switching valve 2, a heat exchange tower 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 5, and a reservoir 6,
  • the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, the refrigerating thermal expansion valve 9, the heating and heating expansion valve 19, the liquid discharge expansion valve 11, the water pump 12, the check valves 13, 14, and the solenoid valve 18 are constructed, and the second embodiment of the present invention is
  • the stop widths 15, 16 in the embodiment 1 are replaced by expansion valves 19, and the outlet B of the first heat exchanger 4 is divided into two paths, one through the check valve 13 and the inlet C of the expansion valve 9, respectively.
  • the expansion valve 19 is connected to the inlet I, and the other is connected to the outlet J of the expansion valve 19; the outlet D of the expansion valve 9 and the second heat exchanger 5
  • the inlet E is connected, and the inlet E of the second heat exchanger 5 is also connected to the inlet C of the expansion valve 9 and the inlet I of the expansion valve 19 through a check valve 14 respectively; the outlet F of the second heat exchanger 5
  • the switching valve 2 is connected to the inlet H of the compressor 1 .
  • the refrigerant is directly exchanged with the cooling water or the aqueous solution in the heat exchange tower 3 via the first heat exchanger 4 disposed in the heat exchange tower 3.
  • the first heat exchanger 4 in the heat exchange tower 3 has a coil structure, one end of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the four-way switching valve 2 in the integrated unit, and the other end of the first heat exchanger 4 is stopped.
  • the counter valve 13 is connected to the accumulator 6 or directly to the expansion valve 19.
  • the high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 directly enters the heat exchange tower 3 through the four-way switching valve 2
  • the heat exchanger 4 (condenser) is cooled by the cooling water in the heat exchange tower 3 under the constant pressure, and the cooling water is circulated and sprayed in the heat exchange tower 3 through the water pump 12 to release the condensation heat to the external atmosphere. in.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant vapor in the first heat exchanger (condenser) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3 is lowered, and the liquid is condensed and discharged from the first heat exchanger (condenser) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3, and the high-pressure refrigerant liquid
  • the check valve 13 enters the accumulator 6, and then passes through the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, and the electromagnetic valve 15, and the throttle valve 9 is throttled and depressurized at the expansion valve 9, causing partial refrigerant liquid to vaporize and absorb latent heat of vaporization, thereby making it
  • the temperature itself is also reduced accordingly, becoming wet steam at low temperature and low pressure, entering the second heat exchanger (evaporator) 5, and in the second heat exchanger (evaporator) 5, the refrigerant liquid is under constant pressure.
  • the heat absorbed by the cooling medium (air-conditioning chilled water) is vaporized, and the formed low-temperature low-pressure steam passes through the four-way switching valve 2, and then returns to the compressor 1 through
  • the four-way switching valve 2 operates, the refrigerant reverses circulation, and the high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the four-way.
  • the reversing valve 2 is plunged into the second heat exchanger (condenser). 5
  • the air conditioner is heated by the air conditioner.
  • the pressure is constant, the temperature of the refrigerant vapor in the second heat exchanger (condenser) 5 is lowered, and the liquid is condensed into a liquid.
  • the two heat exchangers (condensers) 5 are discharged, and the high-pressure refrigerant liquid enters the accumulator through the check valve 14 6, then through the drying filter 7, the sight glass 8, the solenoid valve 15, throttle depressurization at the expansion valve 19, into the low temperature and low pressure of the wet steam, into the first heat exchanger in the heat exchange tower 3 (evaporation 4, in the first heat exchanger (evaporator) 4 in the heat exchange tower 3, the refrigerant liquid absorbs the heat of the aqueous solution of the heat exchange tower 3 under the condition of constant pressure (the aqueous solution is exchanged by the water pump 12)
  • the hot tower 3 performs circulating spraying to absorb heat in the external atmospheric environment, and the formed low-temperature low-pressure steam is returned to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 10 after being commutated to the crucible 2 by the four-way, so that the cycle is repeated.
  • the liquid injection expansion valve 11 is sprayed through the electromagnetic valve 18 to the compression chamber of the compressor 1, for absorbing the compression heat of the compressor 1 and cooling the lubricating oil, thereby ensuring compression.
  • Machine 1 works normally.
  • the compressor is one of a piston type, a screw type, a scroll type, and a centrifugal type.
  • the heat exchange medium of the heat exchange tower when cooling, the heat exchange medium is water; when heating, the heat exchange medium is added with lithium iodide solution, lithium nitrate solution, zinc bromide to inhibit crystallization of urea

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Description

空气能水源热泵一体化机组 技术领域
本发明公开了一种高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组， 属于空气源热泵、 水源热泵系统应用领域。
背景技术
目前能源问题已经成为全球经济发展面临的主要制约。 随着经济的发展 和人们生活水平的提高， 建筑能耗己经占全社会总能耗的 30%以上， 并且还 在以较快的速度增长。 建筑能耗中空调夏季制冷、 冬季采暖的能耗所占的比 重最大， 空调技术的不断创新将对节能减排具有重大意义。
太阳能具有间歇性和不稳定性等特点， 这些特性使太阳能的大规模直接 应用受到很大制约。
空气源 （风冷） 热泵虽然具有使用灵活， 能够制冷、 制热的优点， 但空 气源热泵不仅在夏季制冷 COP (制冷性能系数）不高， 而且在冬季制热时存 在除霜问题， 而其除霜方式的好坏严重影响着空气源热泵的制热性能、 安全 可靠性和寿命。
由于冬季室外空气温度随地域气候差异变化很大， 导致空气源 （风冷） 热泵在使用过程中存在以下问题：
1. 在寒冷地区， 冬季室外空气温度很低。 随着室外空气温度的下降， 风 冷热泵机组的 COP值将明显下降，当室外温度降至一定限度时（通常为 -5 〜 -10°C， 少数设备可达 -15°C )， 机组将难以启动， 无法正常使用。
2. 即使冬季室外气温在 -5 〜0°C， 热泵可以启动， 但由于此时室外换热 器盘管表面温度在 0°C以下， 换热器表面会使空气中水蒸气在盘管表面凝露 结霜。 换热器表面霜层厚度增加， 不仅增大管壁附加热阻减小换热器的传热 系数， 降低传热效率， 而且使盘管的空气流道变窄， 妨碍对流， 增加空气流 动阻力， 造成风机功率增加。
3. 在结霜情况下， 风冷热泵机组一般采用电加热或逆循环进行融霜方 式，这两种融霜方法前者耗电量大，后者融霜时风冷热泵不仅不向室内供热， 相反还从室内提取融霜热量， 造成 6〜12%的供热量损失。
水源热泵则利用土壤、地下水、地表水等作为低位冷热源进行供冷供热。 实际情况下， 不同地区的地质条件、 水资源利用的成本差异相当大， 因此， 地质条件、 以及是否有合适的水源成为水源热泵应用的一个关键。
传统的空调方 ^：虽可达到一般情况下的制冷、 制热要求， 但空调机房占 地面积大、 初投资高、 运行费用高、 安装复杂、 工程量大、 专业性强、 施工 烦琐、 管理维护麻烦， 不利于大规模应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足而提供一种结构简单、 体积小、 能效比高、 成本较低、 安装、 施工容易、 运行经济、 维护方便的高效空气能 水源热泵一体化机组， 充分利用换热塔的换热热量以便最大限度降低空调运 行能耗。
本发明是采用下述技术方案实现的： 高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组， 包括压缩机、 第一换热器、 第二换热器、 换热塔、 水泵、 膨胀阔、 换向阀、， 所述第一换热器安装在所述换热塔内； 所述压缩机的出口通过所述换向阀与 所述第一换热器的入口连接， 所述第一换热器的出口分为两路， 一路通过一 个单向阔与所述膨胀阀的入口连接， 另一路通过一个单向阀与所述膨胀阀的 入出口连接； 所述膨胀阀的出口通过单向阀与所述第二换热器的入口连接， 第二换热器的入口还通过一个单向阀与所述膨胀阀的入口连接； 所述第二换 热器的出口通过所述换向阀与所述压缩机的入口连接， 所述换热塔上安装有 提供冷却介质循环动力的水泵。
本发明中， 所述第一换热器的出口与所述膨胀阔的入口之间还连接有储 液器、 干燥过滤器、 视镜。
本发明中， 所述第二换热器的入口与所述膨胀阔的入口之间还连接有储 液器、 干燥器、 视镜。
本发明中， 所述压缩机与所述第一换热器出口与第二换热器入口之间还 连接有用于吸收压缩机的压缩热和冷却润滑油的喷液膨胀阀。
本发明中， 所述压縮机为活塞式、 螺杆式、 涡旋式、 离心式中的一种。 本发明中， 所述换向阀为四通换向阀。
本发明中， 所述换向阀与所述压缩机入口之间连接有气液分离器。 本发明中， 所述换热塔中换热介质为水或水溶液中的一种， 且该换热介 质直接喷淋于第一换热器表面。
本发明中， 所述换热塔的水溶液换热介质选自具有较低的表面蒸汽压、 较高的溶解度、 低粘度， 高沸点， 溶液性质稳定， 低挥发性、 低腐蚀性， 无 毒性， 溶质价格低廉， 容易获得的溶液， 包括： 添加了碘化锂溶液， 硝酸锂 溶液， 溴化锌抑止结晶的尿素溶液、 氯化锂溶液、 溴化锂溶液、 溴化锂与氯 化钙混合溶液、 氯化锂和氯化钙混合溶液中的一种。
本发明由于采用上述结构， 将第一换热器直接放置于换热塔中， 制冷剂 在换热器与压缩机之间循环流动， 通过换热塔与空气进行间接热质交换， 夏 季通过换热塔喷淋水向室外空气中散热， 带走换热器中制冷剂的热量； 冬季 通过喷淋合适的水溶液从室外空气中吸热， 换热器中制冷剂从水溶液中获取 热量。 特别是冬季， 使用具有较低的表面蒸汽压、 较高的溶解度、 低粘度， 高沸点， 溶液性质稳定， 低挥发性、 低腐蚀性， 无毒性， 溶质价格低廉， 容 易获得的水溶液， 可以保证冷却介质在极低的温度下保持液态， 不结冰， 保 证设备的正常运行。
与现有风冷热泵、 水源热泵、 常规制冷机等相比， 具有以下优点和积极 效果： 1、 本发明采用一体式整体组合结构， 将高效制冷、 制热装置和双温转 换装置装配结合在一体， 具有结构紧凑的优点， 使制冷、 制热结合成一体， 实现转换制冷或制热的功能。
2、 本发明克服了空气源热泵、 水源热泵受环境条件限制使用的缺陷， 通过更换冷却介质， 可有效保证设备能长期稳定、 高效地运行使用， 不受环 境条件的限制， 且换热效率高， 系统的能效比高； 冬季可在室外气温 -15°C以 上正常稳定运行， 整个冬季， 机组的能效比可达 2.8〜3.5； 夏季制冷的性能 系数可达 4.2〜4.8， 节能效果显著， 相比风冷热泵可节能 25%〜30%。。
3、 本发明采用一体化组合结构， 安装方便、 快捷， 可实现即装即用， 大大縮短施工周期， 降低了施工难度和费用， 整机性能稳定可靠， 便于操作， 另外， 该一体化机组为组装结构， 安装、 拆卸方便， 便于管理， 便于维护检 修， 适应性广。
4、 本发明可根据不同的用途、 不同环境温湿度条件， 进行设计和配置， 可节省大量的运行费用，节约一次性水资源，可同时获得更多的热量或冷量， 适用于供热采暖和制冷空调， 彻底解决无锅炉供热采暖、 空气源热泵冬季制 热效率低水源热泵受各种条件限制、 以及空调机房面积紧张等问题， 使空调 热泵技术提高到一个新水平。
综上所述， 本发明结构简单、 体积小、 能效比高、 成本较低、 安装、 施 工容易、 运行经济、 维护方便， 是一种极具有发展潜力的空调制冷、 制热、 制卫生热水方式， 适于工业化应用； 对于缓解日益紧张的能源危机、 保护环 境具有十分重要的意义；此外还可以解决空气源的气候不稳定性因素，地源、 水源的条件限制以及初投资过高等问题。
附图说明
. 附图 1 为本发明一种实施例的结构示意图。
附图 2 为本发明另一种实施例的结构示意图。 附图 1中， 1压缩机， 2四通换向阀， 3换热塔， 4换热器， 5换热器， 6 储液器， 7干燥过滤器， 8视液镜， 9膨胀阀， 10气液分离器， 11喷液膨胀 阀， 12水泵， 13、 14、 15、 16止逆阀， 17、 18电磁阀， 实线箭头表示实施 例 1高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组制冷时制冷剂循环方向， 虚线箭头表示 制热时制冷剂循环方向。
附图 2中， 1压缩机， 2四通换向阀， 3换热塔， 4换热器， 5换热器， 6 储液器， 7干燥过滤器， 8视液镜， 9制冷热力膨胀阀， 10制热热力膨胀阀， 11喷液膨胀阀， 12水泵， 13， 14止逆阀， 15、 16电磁阀， 实线箭头表示实 施例 2高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组制冷时制冷剂循环方向， 虚线箭头表 示制热时制冷剂循环方向。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的具体实施方案为本发明的优选实施例， 并不能对本发明的 权利要求进行限定， 其他的任何未背离本发明的技术方案而所做的改变或其 它等效的置换方式， 均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
以下结合附图和实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例 1: 参见附图 1， 本发明实施例 1由压縮机 1， 四通换向阀 2， 换 热塔 3， 第一换热器 4， 第二换热器 5， 储液器 6， 干燥过滤器 7， 视液镜 8， 膨胀阀 9， 气液分离器 10， 喷液膨胀阀 11， 水泵 12， 止逆阀 13、 14、 15、 16, 电磁阔 18构成。
所述第一换热器 4安装在所述换热塔 3内；所述压縮机 1的出口 G通过 所述四通换向阀 2与所述第一换热器 4的入口 A连接，所述第一换热器 4的 出口 B分为两路， 一路通过止逆阀 16与所述膨胀阀 9的入口 C连接， 另一 路通过止逆阀 15与所述膨胀阀 9的出口 D连接； 所述膨胀阀 9的出口 D通 过止逆阀 13与所述第二换热器 5的入口 E连接， 第二换热器 5的入口 E还 通过止逆阀 14与所述膨胀阀 9的入口 C连接； 所述第二换热器 5的出口 F 通过所述换向阀 2与所述压缩机 1的入口 H连接，所述换热塔 3上安装有提 供冷却介质循环动力的水泵 12; 所述第一换热器 4的出口 B与所述膨胀阀 9 的入口 C之间还连接有储液器 6、 干燥过滤器 7、 视镜 8; 所述第二换热器 5 的入口 E与所述膨胀阀 9的入口 C之间也连接有储液器 6、 干燥过滤器 7、 视镜 8; 所述压缩机 1与所述第一换热器 4出口 B与第二换热器 5入口 E之 间还连接有用于吸收压缩机 1的压缩热和冷却润滑油的喷液膨胀阀 11 ;所述 换向阀 2与所述压缩机 1入口 H之间连接有气液分离器 10。
本实施例中， 所述压縮机为活塞式、 螺杆式、 涡旋式、 离心式中的一种。 本实施例中， 所述换热塔的换热介质， 制冷时， 换热介质为水； 制热时， 换热介质为添加了碘化锂溶液， 硝酸锂溶液， 溴化锌抑止结晶的尿素溶液、 氯化锂溶液、 溴化锂溶液、 溴化锂与氯化钙混合溶液、 氯化锂和氯化钙混合 溶液中的一种水溶液。
本实施例的工作原理简述于下： 制冷剂经设置在换热塔 3内的第一换热 器 4直接与换热塔 3内的冷却水或水溶液进行换热。 换热塔 3内的第一换热 器 4呈盘管结构，第一换热器 4的一端与一体化机组中的四通换向阀 2连接， 第一换热器 4的另一端通过止逆阀 16与储液器 6连接。
参见附图 1中实线箭头所示， 本实施例高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组 制冷运行时， 从压缩机 1排出的高压气态制冷剂通过四通换向阀 2直接进入 换热塔 3中的第一换热器 4的入口 A, 在压力不变的情况下被换热塔 3中的 冷却水冷却，冷却水通过水泵 12在换热塔 3中进行循环，释放冷凝热到外界 大气环境中。 换热塔 3中的第一换热器 （冷凝器） 4内的制冷剂蒸汽温度降 低， 凝结成液体从换热塔 3中的第一换热器 （冷凝器） 4出口 B排出， 高压 制冷剂液体通过止逆阀 16进入储液器 6， 然后经过干燥过滤器 7、视液镜 8、 电磁阀 17， 在膨胀阀 9处节流降压， 导致部分制冷剂液体汽化， 吸收汽化潜 热， 使其本身的温度也相应降低， 成为低温低压下的湿蒸汽， 经过止逆阀 13 进入第二换热器（蒸发器） 5的入口 E， 在第二换热器（蒸发器） 5中制冷剂 液体在压力不变的情况下， 吸收被冷却介质 （空调冷冻水） 的热量而汽化， 形成的低温低压蒸汽从第二换热器 （蒸发器） 5的出口 F经过四通换向阀 2 后， 通过气液分离 10回到压缩机 1， 如此反复循环。
参见附图 1中虚线箭头所示， 本实施例高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组 制热运行时， 四通换向阀 2动作， 制冷剂反向循环， 从压缩机 1排出的高压 气态制冷剂通过四通换向阀 2进入第二换热器 （冷凝器） 5加热空调用水， 在压力不变的情况下， 第二换热器 （冷凝器） 5 内制冷剂蒸汽温度降低， 凝 结成液体从第二换热器（冷凝器） 5排出， 高压制冷剂液体通过止逆阀 14进 入储液器 6， 然后经过干燥过滤器 7、视液镜 8、 电磁阀 17， 在膨胀阀 9处节 流降压，成为低温低压下的湿蒸汽，经过止逆阀 15进入换热塔 3中的第一换 热器（蒸发器） 4， 在换热塔 3中的第一换热器（蒸发器） 4中制冷剂液体在 压力不变的情况下， 吸收换热塔 3水溶液的热量而汽化（水溶液通过水泵 12 在换热塔 3中进行循环喷淋，吸收外界大气环境中热量），形成的低温低压蒸 汽再经过四通换向阀 2后，通过气液分离器 10回到压缩机 1，如此反复循环。
该高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组中采用喷液膨胀阀 11经过电磁阀 18 向压缩机 1的压缩腔喷液， 用于吸收压缩机 1的压缩热和冷却润滑油， 从而 保证压缩机 1正常工作。
实施例 2: 参见附图 2， 本发明实施例 2由压缩机 1， 四通换向阀 2， 换 热塔 3， 第一换热器 4， 第二换热器 5， 储液器 6， 干燥过滤器 7， 视液镜 8， 制冷热力膨胀阀 9， 制热热力膨胀阀 19、 喷液膨胀阀 11， 水泵 12， 止逆阀 13、 14， 电磁阀 18构成， 本发明实施例 2是将实施例 1中的止逆阔 15、 16 用膨胀阀 19代替， 所述第一换热器 4的出口 B分为两路， 一路通过止逆阀 13分别与所述膨胀阀 9的入口 C及所述膨胀阀 19入口 I连接， 另一路与所 述膨胀阀 19的出口 J连接； 所述膨胀阀 9的出口 D与所述第二换热器 5的 入口 E连接， 第二换热器 5的入口 E还通过止逆阀 14分别与所述膨胀阀 9 的入口 C及所述膨胀阀 19入口 I连接； 所述第二换热器 5的出口 F通过所 述换向阀 2与所述压缩机 1的入口 H连接。
本实施例的工作原理简述于下： 制冷剂经设置在换热塔 3内的第一换热 器 4直接与换热塔 3内的冷却水或水溶液进行换热。 换热塔 3内的第一换热 器 4呈盘管结构,第一换热器 4的一端与一体化机组中的四通换向阀 2连接， 第一换热器 4的另一端通过止逆阀 13与储液器 6连接， 或直接与膨胀阀 19 连接。
参见附图 2中实线箭头所示， 高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组制冷运行 时， 从压缩机 1排出的高压气态制冷剂通过四通换向阀 2直接进入换热塔 3 中的第一换热器 4 (冷凝器）， 在压力不变的情况下被换热塔 3中的冷却水冷 却，冷却水通过水泵 12在换热塔 3中进行循环喷淋，释放冷凝热到外界大气 环境中。 换热塔 3中的第一换热器 （冷凝器） 4内的制冷剂蒸汽温度降低， 凝结成液体从换热塔 3中的第一换热器 （冷凝器） 4排出， 高压制冷剂液体 通过止逆阀 13进入储液器 6， 然后经过干燥过滤器 7、视液镜 8、 电磁阀 15， 在膨胀阀 9处节流降压， 导致部分制冷剂液体汽化， 吸收汽化潜热， 使其本 身的温度也相应降低， 成为低温低压下的湿蒸汽， 进入第二换热器（蒸发器） 5， 在第二换热器（蒸发器） 5中制冷剂液体在压力不变的情况下， 吸收被冷 却介质 （空调冷冻水） 的热量而汽化， 形成的低温低压蒸汽再经过四通换向 阀 2后， 通过气液分离器 10回到压缩机 1， 如此反复循环。
参见附图 2中虚线箭头所示， 高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组制热运行 时， 四通换向阀 2动作， 制冷剂反向循环， 从压缩机 1排出的高压气态制冷 剂通过四通换向阀 2迸入第二换热器 （冷凝器） 5加热空调用水， 在压力不 变的情况下， 第二换热器 （冷凝器） 5 内制冷剂蒸汽温度降低， 凝结成液体 从第二换热器（冷凝器） 5排出， 高压制冷剂液体通过止逆阀 14进入储液器 6， 然后经过干燥过滤器 7、 视液镜 8、 电磁阀 15， 在膨胀阀 19处节流降压， 成为低温低压下的湿蒸汽， 进入换热塔 3中的第一换热器（蒸发器） 4， 在换 热塔 3中的第一换热器 （蒸发器） 4中制冷剂液体在压力不变的情况下， 吸 收换热塔 3水溶液的热量而汽化 (水溶液通过水泵 12在换热塔 3中进行循环 喷淋， 吸收外界大气环境中热量）， 形成的低温低压蒸汽再经过四通换向闽 2 后， 通过气液分离器 10回到压缩机 1， 如此反复循环。
该高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组中采用喷液膨胀阀 11经过电磁阀 18 向压縮机 1的压缩腔喷液， 用于吸收压縮机 1的压縮热和冷却润滑油， 从而 保证压缩机 1正常工作。
本实施例中，所述压缩机为活塞式、螺杆式、涡旋式、离心式中的一种。。 本实施例中， 所述换热塔的换热介质， 制冷时， 换热介质为水； 制热时， 换热介质为添加了碘化锂溶液， 硝酸锂溶液， 溴化锌抑止结晶的尿素溶液、 氯化锂溶液、 溴化锂溶液、 溴化锂与氯化钙混合溶液、 氯化锂和氯化钙混合 溶液中的一种水溶液。

Claims

权利要求
1、 高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组， 包括压缩机、 第一换热器、第二换 热器、 换热塔、 7K泵、 膨胀阀、 换向阀， 其特征在于： 所述第一换热器安装 在所述换热塔内； 所述压缩机的出口通过所述换向阀与所述第一换热器的入 口连接， 所述第一换热器的出口分为两路， 一路通过一个单向阀与所述膨胀 阀的入口连接， 另一路通过一个单向阀与所述膨胀阀的入出口连接； 所述膨 胀阀的出口通过单向阀与所述第二换热器的入口连接， 第二换热器的入口还 通过一个单向阀与所述膨胀阀的入口连接； 所述第二换热器的出口通过所述 换向阀与所述压缩机的入口连接， 所述换热塔上安装有提供冷却介质循环动 力的水泵。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组，其特征在于： 所述第一换热器的出口与所述膨胀阀的入口之间连接有储液器、干燥过滤器、 视镜； 所述第二换热器的入口与所述膨胀阀的入口之间连接有储液器、 干燥 器、 视镜。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组，其特征在于： 所述压缩机与所述第一换热器出口与第二换热器入口之间连接有喷液膨胀 阀。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组，其特征在于： 所述换向阀与所述压缩机入口之间连接有气液分离器。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组，其特征在于: 所述换向阀为四通换向阀。
6、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5任意一项所述的高效空气能水源热泵一 体化机组， 其特征在于： 所述压缩机为活塞式、 螺杆式、 涡旋式、 离心式中 的一种。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组，其特征在于: 所述换热塔中换热介质为水或水溶液中的一种， 且该换热介质直接喷淋于第 一换热器表面。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的高效空气能水源热泵一体化机组， 其特征在于： 所 述换热塔的水溶液换热介质选自添加了碘化锂溶液， 硝酸锂溶液， 溴化锌抑 止结晶的尿素溶液、 氯化锂溶液、 溴化锂溶液、 溴化锂与氯化钙混合溶液、 氯化锂和氯化钙混合溶液中的一种。
PCT/CN2010/000796 2010-01-16 2010-06-04 空气能水源热泵一体化机组 WO2011085527A1 (zh)

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