WO2011084626A1 - Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane - Google Patents
Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011084626A1 WO2011084626A1 PCT/US2010/060825 US2010060825W WO2011084626A1 WO 2011084626 A1 WO2011084626 A1 WO 2011084626A1 US 2010060825 W US2010060825 W US 2010060825W WO 2011084626 A1 WO2011084626 A1 WO 2011084626A1
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- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8286—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for insect resistance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/10—Seeds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/146—Genetically Modified [GMO] plants, e.g. transgenic plants
Definitions
- Bt proteins have been used to create the insect-resistant transgenic plants that have been successfully registered and commercialized to date. These include CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylF and Cry3Bb in corn, CrylAc and Cry2Ab in cotton, and Cry3A in potato.
- the commercial products expressing these proteins express a single protein except in cases where the combined insecticidal spectrum of 2 proteins is desired (e.g, CrylAb and Cry3Bb in corn combined to provide resistance to lepidopteran pests and rootworm, respectively) or where the independent action of the proteins makes them useful as a tool for delaying the development of resistance in susceptible insect populations (e.g., CrylAc and Cry2Ab in cotton combined to provide resistance management for tobacco budworm).
- CrylAb and Cry3Bb in corn combined to provide resistance to lepidopteran pests and rootworm, respectively
- the independent action of the proteins makes them useful as a tool for delaying the development of resistance in susceptible insect populations (e.g., CrylAc and Cry2Ab in cotton combined to provide resistance management for tobacco budworm).
- the proteins selected for use in an IRM stack need to exert their insecticidal effect independently so that resistance developed to one protein does not confer resistance to the second protein (i.e., there is not cross resistance to the proteins). If, for example, a pest population selected for resistance to "Protein A” is sensitive to "Protein B”, we would conclude that there is not cross resistance and that a combination of Protein A and Protein B would be effective in delaying resistance to Protein A alone.
- Cry 1 Fa is useful in controlling many lepidopteran pests species including the European corn borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)) and the fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), and is active against the sugarcane borer (SCB; Diatraea saccharalis) .
- EB European corn borer
- FAW fall armyworm
- SCB Diatraea saccharalis
- CrylFa protein as produced in corn plants containing event TC1507, is responsible for an industry-leading insect resistance trait for FAW control. CrylFa is further deployed in the Herculex ® , SmartStaxTM, and WideStrikeTM products.
- CrylAb and CrylFa are insecticidal proteins currently used (separately) in transgenic corn to protect plants from a variety of insect pests.
- a key pest of corn that these proteins provide protection from is the European corn borer (ECB). US
- 2008/0311096 relates in part to the use of CrylAb to control a CrylF-resistant ECB population.
- the subject invention relates in part to the surprising discovery that CrylFa is very active against a sugarcane borer (SCB) population that is resistant to CrylAb.
- SCB sugarcane borer
- sugarcane plants producing CrylFa and CrylAb will be useful in delaying or preventing the development of resistance by SCB to either of these insecticidal proteins alone.
- the subject invention relates in part to the surprising discovery that CrylFa is very active against a sugarcane borer (SCB; Diatraea saccharalis) population that is resistant to CrylAb. Accordingly, the subject invention relates in part to the surprising discovery that CrylFa can be used in combination with, or "stacked" with, CrylAb in sugarcane to combat the development of resistance by SCB to either of these insecticidal proteins alone. Stated another way, the subject invention relates in part to the surprising discovery that that a sugarcane borer population selected for resistance to CrylAb is not resistant to CrylFa; sugarcane borer that are resistant to CrylAb toxin are susceptible ⁇ i.e., are not cross-resistant) to CrylFa. Thus, the subject invention includes the use of CrylFa toxin in sugarcane to control populations of sugarcane borer that are resistant to CrylAb.
- SCB sugarcane borer
- CrylAb can be used in combination with, or "stacked" with, CrylAb in
- crylFa and crylAb including insecticidal portions thereof
- sugarcane plants expressing crylFa and crylAb will be useful in delaying or preventing the development of resistance to either of these insecticidal proteins alone.
- the subject invention includes the use of CrylFa and CrylAb to protect sugarcane from damage and yield loss caused by sugarcane borer or to sugarcane borer populations that have developed resistance to CrylAb.
- the subject invention thus teaches an IRM stack to mitigate against the development of resistance by sugarcane borer to CrylAb and/or CrylFa.
- crylFa and cryl Ab genes in sugarcane can produce a high dose IRM stack for controlling SCB.
- Other proteins can be added to this combination to add spectrum.
- CrylFa would be effective in controlling SCB populations that have developed resistance to CrylAb.
- One deployment option would be to use these Cry proteins in geographies where CrylAb has become ineffective in controlling SCB due to the development of resistance.
- Another deployment option would be to use one or both of these Cry proteins in combination with CrylAb to mitigate the development of resistance in SCB to CrylAb.
- Chimeric toxins of the subject invention comprise a full core N-terminal toxin portion of a B.t. toxin and, at some point past the end of the toxin portion, the protein has a transition to a heterologous protoxin sequence.
- the N-terminal toxin portion of a B.t. toxin is referered to herein as the "core" toxin.
- the transition to the heterologous protoxin segment can occur at approximately the toxin/protoxin junction or, in the alternative, a portion of the native protoxin (extending past the toxin portion) can be retained with the transition to the heterologous protoxin occurring downstream.
- one chimeric toxin of the subject invention has the full core toxin portion of CrylAb (amino acids 1 to 601) and a heterologous protoxin (amino acids 602 to the C-terminus).
- the portion of a chimeric toxin comprising the protoxin is derived from a CrylAb protein toxin.
- a second chimeric toxin of the subject invention has the full core toxin portion of CrylCa (amino acids 1 to 619) and a heterologous protoxin (amino acids 620 to the C-terminus).
- the portion of a chimeric toxin comprising the protoxin is derived from a Cryl Ab protein toxin.
- Cryl Ab protein toxin The above can also be applied to Cry 1 Fa insecticidal proteins.
- sequences can be obtained as described in US 2008/0311096.
- crylFa toxins even within a certain class such as crylFa or Cryl Ab, will vary to some extent in length and the precise location of the transition from toxin portion to protoxin portion.
- crylFa toxins are about 1150 to about 1200 amino acids in length.
- the transition from toxin portion to protoxin portion will typically occur at between about 50% to about 60% of the full length toxin.
- the chimeric toxin of the subject invention will include the full expanse of this core N-terminal toxin portion.
- the chimeric toxin will comprise at least about 50% of the full length crylFa or CrylAb B.t. toxin. This will typically be at least about 590 amino acids.
- the full expanse of the cryl A(b) protoxin portion extends from the end of the toxin portion to the C-terminus of the molecule. It is the last about 100 to 150 amino acids of this portion which are most critical to include in the chimeric toxin of the subject invention.
- genes and toxins useful according to the subject invention include not only the full length sequences disclosed but also fragments of these sequences, variants, mutants, and fusion proteins which retain the characteristic pesticidal activity of the toxins specifically exemplified herein.
- variants or “variations” of genes refer to nucleotide sequences which encode the same toxins or which encode equivalent toxins having pesticidal activity.
- equivalent toxins refers to toxins having the same or essentially the same biological activity against the target pests as the claimed toxins.
- the boundaries represent approximately 95% (Cryl Ab's and lFa's), 78%o (Cryl s and CrylF's), and 45% (Cryl 's) sequence identity, per "Revision of the Nomenclature for the Bacillus thuringiensis Pesticidal Crystal Proteins," N.
- genes encoding active toxins can be identified and obtained through several means.
- the specific genes or gene portions exemplified herein may be obtained from the isolates deposited at a culture depository as described above. These genes, or portions or variants thereof, may also be constructed synthetically, for example, by use of a gene synthesizer. Variations of genes may be readily constructed using standard techniques for making point mutations. Also, fragments of these genes can be made using commercially available exonucleases or endonucleases according to standard procedures.
- enzymes such as Bal31 or site-directed mutagenesis can be used to systematically cut off nucleotides from the ends of these genes.
- genes which encode active fragments may be obtained using a variety of restriction enzymes. Proteases may be used to directly obtain active fragments of these toxins.
- exemplified toxins would be within the scope of the subject invention. Also, because of the redundancy of the genetic code, a variety of different DNA sequences can encode the amino acid sequences disclosed herein. It is well within the skill of a person trained in the art to create these alternative DNA sequences encoding the same, or essentially the same, toxins. These variant DNA sequences are within the scope of the subject invention. As used herein, reference to "essentially the same" sequence refers to sequences which have amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, or insertions which do not materially affect pesticidal activity. Fragments retaining pesticidal activity are also included in this definition.
- a further method for identifying the gene-encoding toxins and gene portions useful according to the subject invention is through the use of oligonucleotide probes. These probes are detectable nucleotide sequences. These sequences may be detectable by virtue of an appropriate label or may be made inherently fluorescent as described in International Application No. WO93/16094. As is well known in the art, if the probe molecule and nucleic acid sample hybridize by forming a strong bond between the two molecules, it can be reasonably assumed that the probe and sample have substantial homology. Preferably, hybridization is conducted under stringent conditions by techniques well-known in the art, as described, for example, in Keller, G. H., M. M.
- DNA Probes Stockton Press, New York, N.Y., pp. 169-170.
- salt concentrations and temperature combinations are as follows (in order of increasing stringency): 2X SSPE or SSC at room temperature; IX SSPE or SSC at 42° C; 0.1X SSPE or SSC at 42° C; 0.1X SSPE or SSC at 65° C.
- Detection of the probe provides a means for determining in a known manner whether hybridization has occurred.
- Such a probe analysis provides a rapid method for identifying toxin-encoding genes of the subject invention.
- the nucleotide segments which are used as probes according to the invention can be synthesized using DNA synthesizer and standard procedures. These nucleotide sequences can also be used as PCR primers to amplify genes of the subject invention.
- toxins of the subject invention have been specifically exemplified herein. Since these toxins are merely exemplary of the toxins of the subject invention, it should be readily apparent that the subject invention comprises variant or equivalent toxins (and nucleotide sequences coding for equivalent toxins) having the same or similar pesticidal activity of the exemplified toxin.
- Equivalent toxins will have amino acid homology with an exemplified toxin. This amino acid homology will typically be greater than 75%, preferably be greater than 90%, and most preferably be greater than 95%. The amino acid homology will be highest in critical regions of the toxin which account for biological activity or are involved in the determination of three-dimensional configuration which ultimately is responsible for the biological activity.
- amino acids may be placed in the following classes: non-polar, uncharged polar, basic, and acidic. Conservative substitutions whereby an amino acid of one class is replaced with another amino acid of the same type fall within the scope of the subject invention so long as the substitution does not materially alter the biological activity of the compound.
- Table 1 provides a listing of examples of amino acids belonging to each class.
- non-conservative substitutions can also be made.
- the critical factor is that these substitutions must not significantly detract from the biological activity of the toxin.
- Recombinant hosts The genes encoding the toxins of the subject invention can be introduced into a wide variety of microbial or plant hosts. Expression of the toxin gene results, directly or indirectly, in the intracellular production and maintenance of the pesticide. Conjugal transfer and recombinant transfer can be used to create a B.t. strain that expresses both toxins of the subject invention. Other host organisms may also be transformed with one or both of the toxin genes then used to accomplish the synergistic effect. With suitable microbial hosts, e.g., Pseudomonas, the microbes can be applied to the situs of the pest, where they will proliferate and be ingested. The result is control of the pest. Alternatively, the microbe hosting the toxin gene can be treated under conditions that prolong the activity of the toxin and stabilize the cell. The treated cell, which retains the toxic activity, then can be applied to the environment of the target pest.
- suitable microbial hosts e.g., Pseudomona
- the B.t. toxin gene is introduced via a suitable vector into a microbial host, and said host is applied to the environment in a living state, it is essential that certain host microbes be used.
- Microorganism hosts are selected which are known to occupy the "phytosphere" (phylloplane, phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and/or rhizoplane) of one or more crops of interest. These microorganisms are selected so as to be capable of successfully competing in the particular environment (crop and other insect habitats) with the wild-type microorganisms, provide for stable maintenance and expression of the gene expressing the polypeptide pesticide, and, desirably, provide for improved protection of the pesticide from environmental degradation and inactivation.
- microorganisms are known to inhabit the phylloplane (the surface of the plant leaves) and/or the rhizosphere (the soil surrounding plant roots) of a wide variety of important crops. These microorganisms include bacteria, algae, and fungi. Of particular interest are microorganisms, such as bacteria, e.g., genera Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Serratia, Klebsiella, Xanthomonas, Streptomyces, Rhizobium,
- Rhodopseudomonas Methylophilius, Agrobactenum, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus,
- fungi particularly yeast, e.g., genera Saccharomyces, Cryptococcus, Kluyveromyces, Sporobolomyces, Rhodotorula, and Aureobasidium.
- phytosphere bacterial species as Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Acetobacter xylinum, Agrobactenium tumefaciens, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Xanthomonas campestris, Rhizobium melioti, Alcaligenes entrophus, and Azotobacter vinlandii; and phytosphere yeast species such as Rhodotorula rubra, R. glutinis, R. marina, R. aurantiaca, Cryptococcus albidus, C. diffluens, C. laurentii, Saccharomyces rosei, S. pretoriensis, S. cerevisiae, Sporobolomyces roseus, S. odorus, Kluyveromyces veronae, and
- Aureobasidium pollulans Of particular interest are the pigmented microorganisms.
- Bacillus thuringiensis or recombinant cells expressing the B.t. toxins can be treated to prolong the toxin activity and stabilize the cell.
- the pesticide microcapsule that is formed comprises the B.t. toxin or toxins within a cellular structure that has been stabilized and will protect the toxin when the microcapsule is applied to the environment of the target pest.
- Suitable host cells may include either prokaryotes or eukaryotes, normally being limited to those cells which do not produce substances toxic to higher organisms, such as mammals. However, organisms which produce substances toxic to higher organisms could be used, where the toxic substances are unstable or the level of application sufficiently low as to avoid any possibility of toxicity to a
- the cell will usually be intact and be substantially in the proliferative form when treated, rather than in a spore form, although in some instances spores may be employed.
- Treatment of the microbial cell can be by chemical or physical means, or by a combination of chemical and/or physical means, so long as the technique does not deleteriously affect the properties of the toxin, nor diminish the cellular capability of protecting the toxin.
- chemical reagents are halogenating agents, particularly halogens of atomic no. 17-80. More particularly, iodine can be used under mild conditions and for sufficient time to achieve the desired results.
- aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde
- anti-infectives such as zephiran chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride
- alcohols such as isopropyl and ethanol
- histologic fixatives such as Lugol iodine, Bouin's fixative, various acids and Helly's fixative (See: Humason, Gretchen L., Animal Tissue Techniques, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1967); or a combination of physical (heat) and chemical agents that preserve and prolong the activity of the toxin produced in the cell when the cell is administered to the host environment.
- Examples of physical means are short wavelength radiation such as gamma-radiation and X-radiation, freezing, UV irradiation, lyophilization, and the like.
- Methods for treatment of microbial cells are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,695,455 and 4,695,462, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the cells generally will have enhanced structural stability which will enhance resistance to environmental conditions.
- the method of cell treatment should be selected so as not to inhibit processing of the proform to the mature form of the pesticide by the target pest pathogen.
- formaldehyde will crosslink proteins and could inhibit processing of the proform of a polypeptide pesticide.
- the method of treatment should retain at least a substantial portion of the bio-availability or bioactivity of the toxin.
- Characteristics of particular interest in selecting a host cell for purposes of production include ease of introducing the B.t. gene or genes into the host, availability of expression systems, efficiency of expression, stability of the pesticide in the host, and the presence of auxiliary genetic capabilities.
- Characteristics of interest for use as a pesticide microcapsule include protective qualities for the pesticide, such as thick cell walls, pigmentation, and intracellular packaging or formation of inclusion bodies; survival in aqueous environments; lack of mammalian toxicity; attractiveness to pests for ingestion; ease of killing and fixing without damage to the toxin; and the like. Other considerations include ease of formulation and handling, economics, storage stability, and the like.
- the cellular host containing the B.t. insecticidal gene or genes may be grown in any convenient nutrient medium, where the DNA construct provides a selective advantage, providing for a selective medium so that substantially all or all of the cells retain the B.t. gene. These cells may then be harvested in accordance with conventional ways. Alternatively, the cells can be treated prior to harvesting.
- the B.t. cells producing the toxins of the invention can be cultured using standard art media and fermentation techniques. Upon completion of the fermentation cycle the bacteria can be harvested by first separating the B.t. spores and crystals from the fermentation broth by means well known in the art. The recovered B.t. spores and crystals can be formulated into a wettable powder, liquid concentrate, granules or other formulations by the addition of surfactants, dispersants, inert carriers, and other components to facilitate handling and application for particular target pests. These formulations and application procedures are all well known in the art.
- Formulated bait granules containing an attractant and spores, crystals, and toxins of the B.t. isolates, or recombinant microbes comprising the genes obtainable from the B.t. isolates disclosed herein can be applied to the soil.
- Formulated product can also be applied as a seed-coating or root treatment or total plant treatment at later stages of the crop cycle. Plant and soil treatments of B.t.
- cells may be employed as wettable powders, granules or dusts, by mixing with various inert materials, such as inorganic minerals (phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and the like) or botanical materials (powdered corncobs, rice hulls, walnut shells, and the like).
- the formulations may include spreader-sticker adjuvants, stabilizing agents, other pesticidal additives, or surfactants.
- Liquid formulations may be aqueous-based or non-aqueous and employed as foams, gels, suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, or the like.
- the ingredients may include rheological agents, surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants, or polymers.
- the pesticidal concentration will vary widely depending upon the nature of the particular formulation, particularly whether it is a concentrate or to be used directly.
- the pesticide will be present in at least 1% by weight and may be 100% by weight.
- the dry formulations will have from about 1-95% by weight of the pesticide while the liquid formulations will generally be from about 1-60% by weight of the solids in the liquid phase.
- the formulations will generally have from about 10.sup.2 to about 10.sup.4 cells/mg. These formulations will be administered at about 50 mg (liquid or dry) to 1 kg or more per hectare.
- the formulations can be applied to the environment of the lepidopteran pest, e.g., foliage or soil, by spraying, dusting, sprinkling, or the like.
- a preferred recombinant host for production of the insecticidal proteins of the subject invention is a transformed plant.
- Genes encoding Bt toxin proteins, as disclosed herein, can be inserted into plant cells using a variety of techniques which are well known in the art. For example, a large number of cloning vectors comprising a replication system in Escherichia coli and a marker that permits selection of the transformed cells are available for preparation for the insertion of foreign genes into higher plants.
- the vectors comprise, for example, pBR322, pUC series, M13mp series, pACYC184, inter alia.
- the DNA fragment having the sequence encoding the Bt toxin protein can be inserted into the vector at a suitable restriction site.
- the resulting plasmid is used for transformation into E. coli.
- the E. coli cells are cultivated in a suitable nutrient medium, then harvested and lysed.
- the plasmid is recovered. Sequence analysis, restriction analysis, electrophoresis, and other biochemical-molecular biological methods are generally carried out as methods of analysis.
- the DNA sequence used can be cleaved and joined to the next DNA sequence.
- Each plasmid sequence can be cloned in the same or other plasmids. Depending on the method of inserting desired genes into the plant, other DNA sequences may be necessary.
- the Ti or Ri plasmid is used for the transformation of the plant cell, then at least the right border, but often the right and the left border of the Ti or Ri plasmid T-DNA, has to be joined as the flanking region of the genes to be inserted.
- T-DNA for the transformation of plant cells has been intensively researched and sufficiently described in EP 120 516, Lee and Gelvin (2008), Hoekema (1985), Fraley et al., (1986), and An et al., (1985), and is well established in the art.
- the transformation vector normally contains a selectable marker that confers on the transformed plant cells resistance to a biocide or an antibiotic, such as Bialaphos, Kanamycin, G418, Bleomycin, or Hygromycin, inter alia.
- the individually employed marker should accordingly permit the selection of transformed cells rather than cells that do not contain the inserted DNA.
- a large number of techniques is available for inserting DNA into a plant host cell. Those techniques include transformation with T-DNA using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes as transformation agent, fusion, injection, biolistics (microparticle bombardment), or electroporation as well as other possible methods. If Agrobacteria are used for the transformation, the DNA to be inserted has to be cloned into special plasmids, namely either into an intermediate vector or into a binary vector. The intermediate vectors can be integrated into the Ti or Ri plasmid by homologous recombination owing to sequences that are homologous to sequences in the T-DNA.
- the Ti or Ri plasmid also comprises the vir region necessary for the transfer of the T-DNA.
- Intermediate vectors cannot replicate themselves in Agrobacteria.
- the intermediate vector can be transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens by means of a helper plasmid (conjugation).
- Binary vectors can replicate themselves both in E. coli and in Agrobacteria. They comprise a selection marker gene and a linker or polylinker which are framed by the Right and Left T-DNA border regions. They can be transformed directly into Agrobacteria (Holsters et al., 1978).
- the Agrobacterium used as host cell is to comprise a plasmid carrying a vir region. The vir region is necessary for the transfer of the T-DNA into the plant cell.
- Additional T-DNA may be contained.
- the bacterium so transformed is used for the transformation of plant cells.
- Plant explants can advantageously be cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the transfer of the DNA into the plant cell.
- Whole plants can then be regenerated from the infected plant material (for example, pieces of leaf, segments of stalk, roots, but also protoplasts or suspension-cultivated cells) in a suitable medium, which may contain antibiotics or biocides for selection.
- the plants so obtained can then be tested for the presence of the inserted DNA.
- No special demands are made of the plasmids in the case of injection and electroporation. It is possible to use ordinary plasmids, such as, for example, pUC derivatives.
- the transformed cells grow inside the plants in the usual manner. They can form germ cells and transmit the transformed trait(s) to progeny plants. Such plants can be grown in the normal manner and crossed with plants that have the same transformed hereditary factors or other hereditary factors. The resulting hybrid individuals have the corresponding phenotypic properties.
- plants will be transformed with genes wherein the codon usage has been optimized for plants.
- codon usage has been optimized for plants.
- US Patent No. 5380831 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- 130 kDa-type (full- length) toxins have an N-terminal half that is the core toxin, and a C-terminal half that is the protoxin "tail.”
- appropriate "tails” can be used with truncated / core toxins of the subject invention. See e.g. US Patent No. 6218188 and US Patent No. 6673990.
- a preferred transformed plant is a fertile maize plant comprising a plant expressible gene encoding a Cry 1 Fa protein, and further comprising a second plant expressible gene encoding a Cryl Ab protein.
- Transfer (or introgression) of the Cryl Ab and Cryl Fa trait(s) into inbred maize lines can be achieved by recurrent selection breeding, for example by backcrossing.
- a desired recurrent parent is first crossed to a donor inbred (the non-recurrent parent) that carries the appropriate gene(s) for the Cryl Ab and CrylFa traits.
- the progeny of this cross is then mated back to the recurrent parent followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait(s) to be transferred from the non-recurrent parent.
- the progeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the trait(s) being transferred, but will be like the recurrent parent for most or almost all other genes (see, for example, Poehlman & Sleper (1995) Breeding Field Crops, 4th Ed., 172-175; Fehr (1987) Principles of Cultivar Development, Vol. 1 : Theory and Technique, 360-376).
- IRM Insect Resistance Management
- Structured refuges 20% non-Lepidopteran Bt corn refuge in Corn Belt; 50% non-Lepidopteran Bt refuge in Cotton Belt
- Strips must be at least 4 rows wide (preferably 6 rows) to reduce the effects of larval movement
- Any of the above percentages (such as those for IF/1 Ab), or similar refuge ratios, can be used for the subject double or triple stacks or pyramids in sugarcane.
- Example 1 Summary - Response of a CrylAb-Susceptible and -Resistant Sugarcane Borer to CrylFa Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Protein
- Cry 1 Fa protein demonstrated insecticidal activity against both Bt- susceptible (Bt-SS) and Bt-resistant (Bt-R ) strains of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis.
- Bt-RR strain of D. saccharalis demonstrated a 142-fold resistance to trypsin- activated CrylAb protein.
- This Bt-resistant strain of D. saccharalis showed some cross- resistance to Cry 1 Fa, but the resistance ratios were reduced significantly (4-fold). The results suggest that Cry 1 Fa can be effective for managing CrylAb resistance in D. saccharalis and other corn borer species.
- a Bt-susceptible strain (Bt-SS) of D. saccharalis was established using larvae collected from corn fields near Winnsboro in Northeast Louisiana during 2004.
- a Bt-resistant strain (Bt-RR) of D. saccharalis was developed from a single iso-line family using an F 2 screen. These Bt-resistant insects completed larval development on commercial CrylAb corn hybrids and demonstrated a significant resistance level to purified trypsin-activated CrylAb toxin.
- individuals of the Bt-resistant strain were backcrossed with those of the Bt-susceptible strain and re-selected for resistance with CrylAb corn leaf tissue in the F 2 generation of the backcross.
- Larval susceptibility of the Bt-SS and Bt-RR strains of D. saccharalis to CrylAb and CrylFa was determined using diet incorporation procedures. In each bioassay, 6 or 7 Cry protein concentrations were used. The range of Bt concentrations was from 0.03125 to 32 ⁇ g /g for assaying CrylAb protein, and from 0.03125 to 128 for evaluating CrylFa. Cry protein solutions were prepared by mixing Bt proteins with appropriate amount of distilled water for assaying Cryl Ab or the buffer for examining CrylFa.
- the Bt solutions were then mixed with a meridic diet just prior to dispensing the diet into individual cells of 128-cell trays (Bio-Ba-128, C-D International, Pitman, NJ).
- a meridic diet just prior to dispensing the diet into individual cells of 128-cell trays
- approximately 0.7 ml of treated diet was placed into each cell using 10-ml syringes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Diet treated with distilled water (blank control) or buffer only was used as control treatments.
- One neonate ( ⁇ 24 h) of D. saccharalis was released on the diet surface in each cell. After larval inoculation, cells were covered with vented lids (C-D International, Pitman, NJ).
- the bioassay trays were placed in an environmental chamber maintained at 28 °C, 50% RH, and a 16:8 (L:D) h photoperiod. Larval mortality, larval weight, and number of surviving larvae that did not demonstrate weight gains ( ⁇ 0.1 mg per larva) were recorded on the 7 th day after inoculation. Each combination of insect strain by Cry protein concentration was replicated four times with 16 to 32 larvae in each replicate.
- Larval mortality criteria were measured as 'practical' mortality, which considered both the actual dead larvae and the surviving larvae that did not show a significant gain in body weight ( ⁇ 0.1 mg per larva) as morbid or non-feeding insects.
- the 'practical' mortality (hereafter simplified as mortality) of each D. saccharalis strain was corrected for larval mortality on non-treated control diet for analyzing Cryl Ab or the buffer only-treated diet for assessing CrylFa.
- a 100% of larval growth inhibition was assigned to a replication if there were no larvae that had significant weight gain ( ⁇ 0.1 mg/larva).
- the growth inhibition data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with insect strain and Cry protein concentration as the two main factors.
- Bt-RR strain had a significantly (P ⁇ 0.05) lower mortality at 0.125, 0.5, and 2 ⁇ g/g than Bt-SS strain.
- larval mortality of Bt-RR strain at Cry protein concentrations of ⁇ 8 ⁇ g/g increased slower than that of the Bt-SS strain.
- Bt-SS strain Growth inhibition of Bt-SS strain increased faster than that of Bt-RR strain. Significant larval growth inhibition of both insect strains was observed at 0.03125 ⁇ . The growth of Bt-SS strain was completely inhibited at 2 ⁇ , while it occurred at 8 ⁇ g/g for Bt-RR strain.
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
UAA201208660A UA112056C2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | TRANSGENIC CULTIVAL PLANT PLANT CONTAINING DNA CODING THE INSECTICID PROTEIN Cry1Fa AND DNA CODING THE INSECTICID PROTEIN Cry1Ab FOR COMBATING TROUBLE |
JP2012544842A JP5913124B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combination of CRY1Fa and CRY1Ab proteins for control of Cry-resistant sugarcane borers and management of insect resistance in sugarcane |
CN2010800638154A CN102753694A (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
BR112012014804A BR112012014804A2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | "combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for cry-resistant sugarcane borer control and control of insect resistance in sugarcane" |
AU2010339915A AU2010339915B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of Cry1Fa and Cry1Ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
US13/516,619 US20130042374A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | COMBINED USE OF Cry1Fa AND Cry1Ab PROTEINS FOR CONTROL OF 1Ab-RESISTANT SUGARCANE BORER AND FOR INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT IN SUGARCANE |
EP10842616.4A EP2513315A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
RU2012130020/10A RU2604790C2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | COMBINED USE OF Cry1Fa AND Cry1Ab PROTEINS FOR CONTROL OF Cry PROTEIN-RESISTANT SUGARCANE BORER, AND FOR INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT IN SUGARCANE |
MX2012007132A MX348995B (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane. |
KR1020127018426A KR101841300B1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
NZ601093A NZ601093A (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
CA2782552A CA2782552A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
ZA2012/04917A ZA201204917B (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2012-07-02 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US28428909P | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | |
US61/284,289 | 2009-12-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011084626A1 true WO2011084626A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
Family
ID=44305720
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/060825 WO2011084626A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Combined use of cry1fa and cry1ab proteins for control of cry-resistant sugarcane borer and for insect resistance management in sugarcane |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130042374A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2513315A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5913124B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101841300B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102753694A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010339915B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012014804A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2782552A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2012001635A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO6602143A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX348995B (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ601093A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2604790C2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA112056C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011084626A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201204917B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103060342B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-21 | 福建农林大学 | Bt toxin CrylAn-loop2-P2S with high toxicity to rice nilaparvata lugens and engineering bacteria |
US11129906B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2021-09-28 | David Gordon Bermudes | Chimeric protein toxins for expression by therapeutic bacteria |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5990390A (en) * | 1990-01-22 | 1999-11-23 | Dekalb Genetics Corporation | Methods and compositions for the production of stably transformed, fertile monocot plants and cells thereof |
US20010028940A1 (en) * | 1995-09-16 | 2001-10-11 | Peter Costa | Method for producing a laminated glass pane free of optical obstruction caused by warping, use of a particular carrier film for the production of the laminated glass pane and carrier films particularly suitable for the method or the use |
US20050155103A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2005-07-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Transgenic plants expressing lepidopteran-active delta-endotoxins |
US20070240237A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Expression in Use of Novel Pesticidal Toxins |
US20080311096A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2008-12-18 | Lang Bruce A | Combinations of Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa as an insect resistance management tool |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009132850A1 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-05 | Bayer Bioscience N.V. | Armyworm insect resistance management in transgenic plants |
-
2010
- 2010-12-16 US US13/516,619 patent/US20130042374A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-16 CA CA2782552A patent/CA2782552A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-16 CN CN2010800638154A patent/CN102753694A/en active Pending
- 2010-12-16 AU AU2010339915A patent/AU2010339915B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-16 EP EP10842616.4A patent/EP2513315A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-16 KR KR1020127018426A patent/KR101841300B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-12-16 WO PCT/US2010/060825 patent/WO2011084626A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-12-16 MX MX2012007132A patent/MX348995B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-12-16 JP JP2012544842A patent/JP5913124B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-16 RU RU2012130020/10A patent/RU2604790C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-16 UA UAA201208660A patent/UA112056C2/en unknown
- 2010-12-16 NZ NZ601093A patent/NZ601093A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-16 BR BR112012014804A patent/BR112012014804A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-06-15 CL CL2012001635A patent/CL2012001635A1/en unknown
- 2012-07-02 ZA ZA2012/04917A patent/ZA201204917B/en unknown
- 2012-07-16 CO CO12119353A patent/CO6602143A2/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5990390A (en) * | 1990-01-22 | 1999-11-23 | Dekalb Genetics Corporation | Methods and compositions for the production of stably transformed, fertile monocot plants and cells thereof |
US20010028940A1 (en) * | 1995-09-16 | 2001-10-11 | Peter Costa | Method for producing a laminated glass pane free of optical obstruction caused by warping, use of a particular carrier film for the production of the laminated glass pane and carrier films particularly suitable for the method or the use |
US20050155103A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2005-07-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Transgenic plants expressing lepidopteran-active delta-endotoxins |
US20070240237A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Expression in Use of Novel Pesticidal Toxins |
US20080311096A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2008-12-18 | Lang Bruce A | Combinations of Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa as an insect resistance management tool |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
BRAGA ET AL.: "Expression of the Cry1Ab Protein In Genetically Modified Sugarcane for the Control of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).", JOURNAL OF NEW SEEDS, vol. 5, no. 2-3, March 2003 (2003-03-01), pages 209 - 221, XP008163666, DOI: doi:10.1300/J153v05n02_07 * |
GUTIERRIEZ ET AL.: "Physiologically based demographics of Bt cotton?pest Interactions I.", PINK BOLLWORM RESISTANCE, REFUGE AND RISK ECOLOGICAL MODELLING, vol. 191, 2006, pages 346 - 359, XP005239868 * |
See also references of EP2513315A4 * |
ZENG.: "Control of Insect Pests In Sugarcane : IPM Approaches In China.", SUGAR TECH., vol. 6, no. 4, 2004, pages 273 - 279 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2604790C2 (en) | 2016-12-10 |
JP2013514771A (en) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2513315A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
NZ601093A (en) | 2014-09-26 |
UA112056C2 (en) | 2016-07-25 |
AU2010339915A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
KR20120101549A (en) | 2012-09-13 |
BR112012014804A2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
KR101841300B1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
CL2012001635A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 |
MX348995B (en) | 2017-07-05 |
CN102753694A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
ZA201204917B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
US20130042374A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
RU2012130020A (en) | 2014-01-27 |
MX2012007132A (en) | 2012-07-17 |
CA2782552A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
JP5913124B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
EP2513315A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
AU2010339915B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
CO6602143A2 (en) | 2013-01-18 |
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