WO2011073433A1

WO2011073433A1 - Method for producing fiber composite structures, including microwave curing step, and fiber composite structure thereby obtained

Info

Publication number: WO2011073433A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/070163
Authority: WO
Inventors: Birgit Reiter; Peter Domagalski; Andreas Kienzle; Tanja Damjanovic
Original assignee: Sgl Carbon Se
Priority date: 2009-12-17
Filing date: 2010-12-17
Publication date: 2011-06-23
Also published as: EP2512781A1; DE102009054894A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing fiber composite structures (1) which comprises the following steps: impregnation of a fiber structure with a polymer material; and treatment of the impregnated fiber structure by introducing microwave energy into the impregnated fiber structure to melt and/or cross-link the polymer material.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FIBER COMPOSITES WITH MICROWAVE CURING, AND THE FIBER COMPOSITE STRUCTURE OBTAINED THEREFROM

Description:

The invention relates to a method for the production of fiber composite structures, such fiber composite structures and to an apparatus for producing such fiber composite structures.

Fiber composite structures are often used because of their lightweight construction potential in aviation, in racing, in the energy sector, in shipbuilding and in the automotive sector. For the production of such fiber composite structures, various production processes, such as autoclave processes or RTM processes are typically used, in which an impregnation of a fiber structure with polymer material and / or resin and curing takes place. Curing usually takes place in suitable tools. A disadvantage of the mentioned methods, however, is that a large amount of energy is lost unused due to the non-specific energy transfer to the impregnated fiber structure. Another disadvantage of the method is that due to the sometimes long occupancy times of the tools relatively long cycle times in the manufacturing process are the result, which can significantly increase the cost of these methods.

In addition, in mass production processes, there is a need for efficient use of materials, as well as generally cost-effective processes with a reduced number of process steps to ensure increased throughput. Also in this regard, the conventional methods, such as RTM or autoclave method are insufficient. In contrast to these methods, other manufacturing methods for fiber composite structures, such as pultrusion (deep drawing) or hot pressing, which allow for greater efficiency in terms of greater production volume, with respect to the feasible geometries of fiber composite structures very limiting. For example, in pultrusion processes it is almost impossible to finally produce only straight profiles with a constant cross-section. However, this limits the usefulness of these methods for more complex structures, such as those in the automotive industry, a strong demand. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method for the production of fiber composite structures, which on the one hand allows a good use of energy, but at the same time allows the production of more complex structures, in particular of three-dimensional complex structures. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to propose an apparatus for producing such fiber composite structures, as well as such a fiber composite structure.

This object is achieved by a method for the production of fiber composite structures, which comprises the following steps: impregnating a fiber structure with a polymer material; Treating the impregnated fiber structure by introducing microwave energy into the impregnated fiber structure to melt and / or crosslink the polymer material.

Furthermore, the object is achieved by a fiber composite structure, which is obtainable with such a method. In particular, this fiber composite structure may be a semi-finished product. Moreover, the object is achieved in that an apparatus for producing such a fiber composite structure is proposed, which has at least one, preferably at least two microwave radiation sources. During the process of energy input, there is typically an interaction of electromagnetic waves with the anisotropic impregnated fiber structure. By a direct introduction of the microwave energy into the impregnated fiber structure, the absorption of the introduced energy can be carried out mainly at the locations which are provided and / or suitable for the energy absorption. This is especially the polymer material which can melt or molecularly crosslink due to energy absorption. Advantageously, the direct energy input by means of a microwave thus also allows faster process times, since the additional heating of further structures is sometimes eliminated. Furthermore, the coupling of the microwave radiation can also take place via the fiber structure itself, in particular via carbon fibers, if such are covered by the fiber structure, or via a filler. However, should such coupling occur, sufficient heat energy is typically dissipated to the surrounding polymeric material or resin so that it can melt or crosslink.

Moreover, introduction by means of microwave energy allows energy to be introduced into deeper layers of the impregnated fiber structure or fiber composite structure, without, however, having previously built up a temperature gradient in the fiber composite structure for heat transport. Such temperature gradients often contribute to an undesirable heat treatment in which certain regions are treated approximately reinforced, i. warmed up, are considered other regions. However, the method according to the invention can enable a substantially uniform heating of the complete fiber structure or fiber composite structure. This also avoids tensions that can cause weak points in the structure.

A further advantage of introducing microwave energy into the fiber structure is that the heating can not only be volumetric, but can also be adapted to the structural requirements of the fiber composite by, for example, providing higher energy density to certain areas than others , or the radiation can be targeted to predetermined sections of the fiber composite structure. Alternatively, by suitably orienting or arranging the microwave radiation sources with respect to the fiber structure or fiber composite structure, a largely homogeneous microwave field can be generated in the latter.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that prior to the step of treating the impregnated fiber structure with microwave energy, the impregnated fiber structure is preformed by deep drawing (pultrusion), calendering, laminating, in particular band laminating, pressing, in particular belt pressing or hydroforming , Preforming refers here to a forming process which takes place before the step of act of the impregnated fiber structure is done with microwave energy. Preforming allows for proper shaping in a condition in which the impregnated fiber structure has not yet been microwaved and thus is sometimes relatively easier to form. Namely, melting or crosslinking of the polymer which has already taken place can clearly restrict the moldability of the impregnated fiber structure.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that during the step of treating the impregnated fiber structure with microwave energy, the impregnated fiber structure is simultaneously formed by deep-drawing (pultrusion), calendering, laminating, in particular band laminating, pressing, in particular belt pressing or hydroforming becomes. Such a method allows a time saving in the production process, since two process steps can be performed simultaneously. In addition, the simultaneous introduction of microwave energy essentially allows a finalization of the

Shaping. By simultaneously carrying out a shaping process and introducing microwave energy, the polymer material-impregnated fiber structure is converted into a stable final state or else intermediate state (for example as semifinished product), the polymer material being at least partially melted or crosslinked.

According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, this also has the following steps: inserting at least two impregnated fiber structures into a tool; and joining the at least two impregnated fiber structures during the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure by introducing microwave energy. This makes it possible to produce more complex fiber composite structures, in particular three-dimensionally more complex fiber composite structures. In addition, an efficient joining process can be carried out since the joining of the at least two fiber structures is assisted by the microwave radiation. Such a joining process can also be supported by the use of a primer or adhesive. The adhesive can also be activated by the microwave radiation. Further, the adhesive may also be provided in microcapsules, wherein the destruction of the microcapsule may be effected by microwaves. The Microcapsules have the function of a latent hardener system and consist of resin, hardener and additive.

In an alternative embodiment, joining is made possible by the inherent adhesion of the polymer material or resin directly between the two fibrous structures, which then adhere to each other and to each other

Harden.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the method also has the following steps: inserting a core into the fiber structure or between the fiber structures to form cavities in the fiber composite structures; and removing the core during or after treating the impregnated fiber structure by introducing microwave energy. The core can be either a lost or a non-lost core, in particular a draggable core. The core preferably interacts with the microwave radiation less than the surrounding material. Thus, not only can complex structures be represented, but cavities can also be provided which, for example, can fulfill further functions in the finished or semi-finished fiber structure or fiber composite structure. To be mentioned here, for example, are the shapes of cooling channels for material cooling when the fiber composite structure produced is used as intended, or cavities for saving material.

In a further embodiment of the method, the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure can be temperature-controlled by introducing microwave energy. Alternatively, the method can also be temperature-controlled. In both cases, the temperature in the treated impregnated fiber structure determines the amount of further energy input. Alternatively, the temperature can also be determined on a tool accommodating the fiber structure or on the surface of the fiber structure itself. Accordingly, the amount of energy to be introduced can be suitably adjusted so that the process conditions, in particular the melting temperature of the polymer material or the degree of crosslinking, are suitably controlled can. Advantageous process temperatures for phenolic resins are about 80 ° C to 1 10 ° C, and for thermoset polymers typically 130 ° to 300 °. Alternatively, the method can be carried out in such a way that the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure is power-controlled by introduction of microwave energy. In particular, such a method is used when the process conditions are already sufficiently known in advance and, after prior knowledge, it is sufficient to introduce a certain amount of energy over a predetermined period of time. A performance-controlled method is particularly advantageous in a series production, in which only the knowledge of the approximate course of the process up to the entry of a previously known amount of energy is required.

In a further embodiment of the method it is provided that it is carried out such that the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure by introduction of microwave energy lasts between 1 min and 60 min. The exact duration of time is determined inter alia by the geometry and size of the fiber structure to be treated, that of the tool and that of the microwave radiation sources. Moreover, even larger components, such as wing or fuselage parts of aircraft or ships can be specifically treated by microwaves, so that sometimes longer periods of treatment may be required. According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, provision can be made for pressing to be controlled away or under pressure control. The pressing can be done before or during the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure with microwave radiation. A path-controlled method allows easy process control. Furthermore, the controller can also take into account the amount of microwave energy already introduced into the impregnated fiber structure. A pressure-controlled method can be adapted, above all, to predetermined process steps which correspond to defined states of the impregnated fiber structure during the course of the treatment. As an additional process step, carbonization and / or also graphitization of the fiber composite structure after treatment with microwaves can take place according to a further embodiment. Further, as an alternative method steps preferably Nachimprägnieren, curing with microwave radiation and microwave assisted CVI may be provided. The resulting composite material is then cohesively Carbon Reinforced Carbon (CFC). Concrete applications include, for example, the production of felt (eg for furnace linings), aircraft brake discs and brake discs for road vehicles. If, in a further embodiment, the additional process step of a siliconization is carried out, carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide can be produced as a fiber composite structure if carbon fibers are encompassed by the fiber structure. Such a fiber composite structure can be used for brake disks, for example, as well as in the field of ballistics.

In a preferred embodiment of the fiber composite structure according to the invention, the polymer material provided for impregnation is a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic resin. A thermoplastic polymer or resin may melt upon exposure to microwave energy, with crosslinking or solidification occurring upon completion of the energy input. A thermosetting polymer or resin is typically increasingly crosslinked upon treatment with microwave energy to form a three-dimensionally crosslinked structure in which, for example, a fibrous structure may be embedded. Here, known temperature limits are to be observed.

According to another embodiment, the polymer material intended for impregnation may be an organic and / or inorganic resin. Inorganic resins are to be used in particular as a binding system if the fiber structure comprises fibers of SiC.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a so-called hybrid resin is used as the resin, which is based on at least two, usually independent reaction systems. The second reaction system can also be designed in the form of a so-called accelerator or catalyst of the first reaction system, by means of which a control of the reaction can take place.

Furthermore, thermosetting and / or thermoplastic resins may be dissolved in organic or inorganic solvents for improved application. optional For example, the polymeric material or resin may also contain fillers such as wood flour, carbon black, graphite, rock dust, glass dust or coke as a filler.

According to a further embodiment, it may be provided that the fiber structure comprises fiber rovings, short cut fibers, fiber bundles or semi-finished textile products such as woven fabric, scrim, braid or knitted fabric. Fiber types used are preferably: carbon fibers based on PAN, pitch and cellulose, graphite, hybrid yarns of glass, aramid and / or carbon, continuous fibers and also fine-cut fibers. The fibers impart to the fiber composite structure a structure which is resistant to mechanical influences and which is embedded in the polymer material, in particular in the resin. An embedding can also be understood in terms of incomplete embedding. Furthermore, the fiber structure may also comprise multi-axial covers, nonwovens, felts or papers. According to a continuation, provision can also be made for the fiber structure to comprise pretreated fiber bundles, in particular temperature-pretreated fiber bundles. Such a temperature pretreatment can be carried out both for the treatment of the fiber surface, for example for the removal of the fiber sizing, or else in a series of further process steps, such as CFK, CSiC or CFC components comprising fiber bundles. In particular, carbochip components which may be included as a builder in a fiber structure or fiber composite structure may be mentioned here. Preferably, carbochips having a width of less than 10 mm, in particular less than 2 mm, a length of less than 20 mm, in particular less than 10 mm, and a height of less than 8 mm, in particular less than 6 mm and more preferably less than 3 mm are used.

It has also proved to be advantageous if the fiber structure comprises mechanically pretreated fiber bundles, in particular mechanically premixed fiber bundles. Such treated fiber bundles may have improved impregnation properties which increase the quality of the fiber composite structure to be produced. Furthermore, such fiber bundles, in particular if they have already been processed in CFK, CSiC or CFC components, can lead to advantageous microstructuring. tion, which ensures an improved quality of the subsequently produced fiber composite structure.

A further advantageous embodiment of the fiber composite structure also comprises fiber bundles of a defined, substantially uniform size. These can be produced in such large numbers that a series production of fiber composite structures can be made possible. In addition, with uniform fiber bundles, the strengths of the fiber composite structure to be produced can be better estimated or calculated.

According to a further or alternatively alternative embodiment it can be provided that the fiber structure comprises a number of fibers of different lengths, in particular the fibers are arranged on top of each other and preferably have different orientations of the fiber extension directions. Fiber structures of different fiber lengths can also be recycled fibers, which are obtained in a recycling process. Furthermore, fibers of different lengths can also be suitably adapted to the fiber composite structure to be produced, so that strengths of the fiber composite structure can also be adjusted specifically, also locally.

According to the embodiment, the fiber composite structure may also be a component of a vehicle, in particular a brake disc of such a vehicle. Furthermore, uses of the fiber composite structure in the field of measurement technology and optics (eg for probe tubes, columns, optical scissors, camera plates and lens mountings) are preferred, as in the field of mechanical engineering (eg for gripper bars, connecting rods, lifting hooks, lifting beams and rotor stirrups) Significant advantages of the fiber composite structures according to the invention, for example in the area of measuring technology and optics, are low thermal expansion (adjustable down to the negative range), low weight, high measurement accuracy, dimensional stability and positioning accuracy. excellent fatigue strength, higher output, low energy consumption and good chemical resistance. Other areas of application include aircraft construction, automotive engineering

Commercial vehicles, shipbuilding, sheet metal parts and glare. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the device for producing the fiber composite structure, it is provided that the device has at least one, preferably at least two microwave radiation sources. The microwave sources allow the radiation or introduction of microwave energy into the impregnated fiber structure. The microwave radiation sources can be designed such that they absorb the entire fiber structure and irradiate with microwave energy during operation, or are only attached locally to a tool which accommodates the fiber structure. To improve the energy absorption by the fiber structure, the radiation characteristic in the arrangement of the microwave radiation source with respect to the fiber structure can be adjusted.

According to a further embodiment of the device, it is provided that the at least one microwave radiation source is arranged on a tool for shaping or for receiving the fiber structure, in particular on different sides of the tool. The arrangement on different sides of the tool enables an improved energy density distribution in the impregnated fiber structure. The arrangement can also take into account the geometry of the tool or the impregnated fiber structure, so that the best possible energy input can take place. The arrangement can also support an advantageous homogenization of the radiation field.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that a plurality of microwave radiation sources is arranged on the tool symmetrically to the treated fiber composite structure. Such an arrangement can achieve an advantageous homogenization of the radiation field and thus of the energy input.

It can advantageously be provided that the at least one microwave radiation source is arranged on the shaping tool on a substantially microwave-transmissive region of the tool, which in particular has a ceramic, preferably Al 2 O 3, a granite structure, a plastic, and / or a calcium umcarbonstruktur (eg Cyclics C65 calcium carb). Ceramics can be made sufficiently homogeneous, so that when irradiated with microwave radiation no hot spots, ie regions of excessive energy input, occur. On the one hand, this ensures an advantageous energy distribution over the entire radiation cross section and, on the other hand, damage to the microwave-transmissive region is avoided. It should also be mentioned that typically no complete microwave permeability can be achieved. A permeability of more than 10%, in particular of more than 50% in

predetermined spectral ranges can already be considered sufficient in the present case.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the power of the at least one microwave radiation source is between 1 and 300 kW. These radiation powers are typically sufficient for most treatments of impregnated fiber structures. Greater performance may be provided, as the application requires.

According to a further embodiment of the device, it is provided that at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the tool. The temperature sensor can be provided on the outside of the tool or on the inside of the tool. In particular, the temperature sensor may be a probe for insertion through the tool into the fiber structure. The temperature sensor allows suitable temperature control of the treatment with microwave energy. According to the embodiment, it is also possible to provide more than one temperature sensor per fiber structure or per tool. These can also be arranged advantageously relative to each other.

It is also advantageous if the tool is formed at least partially insulated in temperature. Temperature insulation ensures reduced heat dissipation when treating the impregnated fiber structure with microwave energy.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, provision can be made for the tool and the microwave radiation sources to be matched to one another in that a substantially uniform temperature distribution is formed in the fiber composite structure during operation of the at least one microwave radiation source. This ensures that the melting process or the cross-linking process is largely uniform over the entire volume of the impregnated fiber structure.

Further features of the invention are described below by way of examples. Here, the same reference numerals relate to features having substantially the same effect.

Hereby show:

1 shows a schematic representation of the treatment by means of microwave irradiation of a fiber structure impregnated with a polymer material in cross-section;

FIG. 2a a schematic representation of a tool in a perspective view for receiving impregnated fiber structures; FIG. 2b a schematic representation of the tool according to FIG. 2a in a perspective view after filling with an impregnated fiber structure;

2c shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an apparatus for treating impregnated fiber structures comprising a tool according to FIGS. 2a and 2b;

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a

Tool in perspective view for receiving impregnated fiber structures;

4a shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a device for the treatment of impregnated fiber structures comprising a tool according to FIG. 3; 4b is a schematic representation of another embodiment of an apparatus for treating impregnated fiber structures comprising a tool according to FIG. 3; Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a

Apparatus for treating impregnated fiber structures as a pultrusion device;

1 shows a schematic representation of the treatment by means of microwave radiation 10 of a fiber structure 2 impregnated with a polymer material 3 (both not individually shown here) in cross-section. The fiber structure 2 impregnated with a polymer material 3 is presently depicted as an already produced fiber composite structure 1. The fiber composite structure 1 is accommodated in a tool 65, which encloses the fiber composite structure 1 on all sides. Consequently, the composite fiber structure 1 can be exposed to microwave radiation 10, so that the polymer material 3 melts and / or crosslinks when the absorbed microwave energy is converted into heat energy. In addition, the tool can still be pressurized in order to carry out a pressing of the polymer material 3 impregnated fiber structure 2 (fiber composite structure 1).

2a shows a schematic representation of a tool 65 in a perspective view for receiving impregnated fiber structures 2. The tool 65 has a receptacle 67, in which impregnated fiber structures 2 can be accommodated. In particular, the fiber structures 2 in the receptacle 67 may be mixed and impregnated with a polymeric material 3 (not shown herein) if they have not already been previously impregnated therewith. The receptacle 67 has a fixed predetermined shape, so that the impregnated fiber structures 2 have a corresponding counter-form after being treated with microwave energy. Furthermore, the tool 65 has a cover (not provided with a reference numeral) with which the receptacle can be closed or covered. The cover is adapted to the shape of the receptacle 67, so that preferably a fitting closure of the opening of the receptacle 67 can take place. In the present case, the impregnated fiber structure 2 is only schematically illustrated. posed. In this case, the fiber structure 2 is impregnated or mixed with a polymer material 3, as shown in FIG. 2 b, the polymer material 3 being indicated only schematically. The filling state of the receptacle 67 can vary or be adjusted depending on the requirements.

After introducing a sufficient amount of impregnated fiber structures 2 into the receptacle 67, the tool 67 is closed and irradiated in a treatment process with microwave energy 10 from a microwave radiation source 70. The irradiation takes place in the present case from the side which is directed counter to the receptacle 67, but can be made according to other requirements from any side. The only prerequisite is that the microwave energy can be introduced through the walls of the tool 65 in the impregnated fiber structure 2. For this purpose, a microwave permeable region 66 can be provided, via which the microwave energy can be coupled into the receptacle 67. At the same time or with a time delay, pressure (symbolically represented by the arrow) can also be exerted on the cover of the receptacle 67, which is transmitted correspondingly to the impregnated fiber structure 2. FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of a tool 65 in a perspective view for receiving impregnated fiber structures 2. Unlike tool 65 in FIGS. 2a to 2c, the present tool 65 has a annular structure on. Such formations are particularly suitable for the production of brake discs. The tool 65 has a cover of the annular receptacle 67, which defines a microwave transmissive region 66. For example, the entire cover is made of a microwave-transparent material such as Al 2 O 3, so that directly through the cover microwave energy can be radiated into the receptacle 67. Alternatively, individual windows may be provided. The remaining walls can also be temperature-insulated, so that the heat losses are reduced.

As shown in Fig. 4a, a plurality of microwave radiation sources 70 may be provided on the cover, which a radiation direction in the direction the receptacle 67 have. In the present case, a total of 4 microwave radiation sources 70 are provided, which are arranged symmetrically on the cover. In this case, however, any other number of microwave radiation sources 70 is conceivable. Alternatively or additionally, as shown in FIG. 4b, further microwave radiation sources 70 may additionally be provided on the side of the tool 65 opposite the first microwave radiation sources 70, which are likewise arranged symmetrically. These second microwave radiation sources 70 may also have a different arrangement or number than shown here. It is essential, however, that even with the use of further microwave radiation sources 70, they release their energy through a microwave-permeable region 66 into the interior of the tool 65. This is not specified here. In addition, in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, further pressing devices may also be provided which exert pressure on the impregnated fiber structure 2 via the cover. The pressing devices are not shown here. For example, as internal experiments have shown, with a weight of 2500 g of impregnated fiber structure at a heating rate of 10 K / min, a temperature of 180 ° C can be maintained over a period of 20 minutes to obtain a stable fiber composite structure. The mass of the fiber composite structure thus produced was about 2300 g after the treatment process with a thickness of about 2 cm and had a density of 1, 21 g / cm ³ .

5 shows a schematic representation of a device 60 for treating impregnated fiber structures as a pultrusion device. Here, a fiber strand or roving, in the sense of a fiber structure 2, in particular carbon fibers, introduced via deflection rollers 68 in a dipping 69, in which the fiber strand or roving 20 soaked with a polymer material 3, that is impregnated. Subsequently, the impregnated fiber strand 20, in the sense of an impregnated fiber structure 2, is drawn into an inlet 64 of the pultrusion device 60. After passing through the inlet 64, the fiber structure 2 (fiber strand / roving 20) with Treated microwave energy from a microwave radiation source 70, wherein the polymer material at least partially crosslinked. Subsequently, the fiber strand / roving 20 is guided into the tool 65 as a molding tool. After the molding process, a pultruded fiber strand / roving 20 (fiber composite structure 1) is obtained.

For example, in the pultrusion process, carbon fibers of the manufacturers Teaxax and SGL (Sigrafil) can be suitably processed in flat profiles. As a pultrusion tool, a tool with a cross-sectional area of 50 mm ² is suitable, using a take-off speed between 0.3 m / min and 1.235 m / min. The thickness of the pultrudate is in particular between 1 and 2 mm, whereby a fiber volume content can be achieved, which is about 60%. The mold temperature can be suitably adjusted to 150 to 200 ° C. The cooling of the tool can be done at the inlet. As a polymer material, the phenolic resin Eponol 2509 together with the curing agent Eponol 2501 / B with the addition of eponol PHL 2601 / A2 has proven to be advantageous as a release agent. In addition, the filler ASP 400 can be used as a filler.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 fiber composite structure

2 fiber structure

3 polymer material

10 microwave energy

20 strand / roving

60 device

64 inlet

65 tool

66 microwave permeable area

67 recording

68 pulley

69 dipping bath

70 microwave radiation source

Claims

Claims:

1. A process for producing fiber composite structures (1), which comprises the following steps:

- Impregnating a fiber structure (2) with a polymer material (3);

- Treating the impregnated fiber structure (2) by introducing microwave energy into the impregnated fiber structure (2) for melting and / or crosslinking of the polymer material (3).

2. The method according to claim 1,

characterized in that

prior to the step of treating the impregnated fiber structure (2) with microwave energy, the impregnated fiber structure (2) is preformed by deep drawing (pultrusion), calendering, laminating, especially tape laminating, pressing, in particular belt pressing, or hydroforming.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

during the step of treating the impregnated fiber structure (2) with microwave energy, simultaneously the impregnated fiber structure (2) is formed by deep drawing (pultrusion), calendering, laminating, in particular band laminating, pressing, in particular belt pressing, or hydroforming.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the method also comprises the following steps:

- Inserting at least two impregnated fiber structures (2) in a tool (65); and

- Adding the at least two impregnated fiber structures (2) during the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure (2) by introducing microwave energy.

5. The method according to claim 4,

characterized in that

the joining is supported by the use of a primer or adhesive.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the method also comprises the following steps:

- Inserting a core in the fiber structure (2) or between the fiber structures (2) to form cavities in the fiber composite structures (1); and

- Removing the core during or after treating the impregnated fiber structure (2) by introducing microwave energy (10).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure (2) is temperature controlled by introducing microwave energy.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6,

characterized in that

the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure (2) is power controlled by introduction of microwave energy.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the treatment of the impregnated fiber structure (2) takes place by introducing microwave energy between 1 min and 60 min.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 3 to 9,

characterized in that

a pressing away controlled or pressure controlled.

11. Fiber composite structure (1) obtainable by a method according to one of the preceding claims.

12. fiber composite structure according to claim 11,

characterized in that the impregnated polymeric material (3) is a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic resin.

13. fiber composite structure according to any one of the preceding claims 11 or 12, characterized in that

the impregnated polymeric material (3) is an organic and / or inorganic resin.

14. fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 13, characterized in that

the fibrous structure (2) comprises fiber rovings, short cut fibers, fiber bundles or semi-finished textile products such as woven, scrim, braid or knitted fabric.

15. fiber composite structure according to claim 14,

characterized in that

the fiber structure (2) pretreated fiber bundles, in particular temperature pre-treated fiber bundles comprises.

16. fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 15, characterized in that

the fiber structure (2) comprises mechanically pretreated fiber bundles, in particular mechanically premixed fiber bundles.

17. Fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 16, characterized in that

the fiber structure (2) comprises fiber bundles of a defined, substantially uniform size.

18. fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 17, characterized in that

the fiber structure (2) comprises a number of fibers of different lengths, in particular the fibers are arranged on top of each other and preferably have different orientations of the fiber extension directions.

19. fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 18, characterized in that

the fiber composite structure (1) is a component of a vehicle, in particular a brake disk.

20. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 19,

characterized in that

the device (60) has at least one, preferably at least two microwave radiation sources (70).

21. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to claim 20, characterized in that

the at least one microwave radiation source (70) is arranged on a tool (65) for shaping, in particular on different sides of the tool (65).

22. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to claim 20 or 21,

characterized in that

a plurality of microwave radiation sources (70) are arranged on the tool (65) symmetrically with respect to the treated fiber composite structure (1).

23. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to any one of the arrival claims 20 to 22,

characterized in that

the at least one microwave radiation source (70) is arranged on the tool (65) for shaping on a substantially microwave transparent area (66) of the tool (65), which in particular is a ceramic, preferably Al 2 O 3, a granite structure, a plastic, and / or a Having calcium carbonate structure.

24. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that

the power of the at least one microwave radiation source (70) is between 1 and 300 kW.

25. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to any one of claims 20 to 24,

characterized in that

at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the tool (65).

26. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to any one of claims 20 to 25,

characterized in that

the tool (65) is at least partially formed temperature insulated.

27. An apparatus for producing a fiber composite structure according to any one of claims 20 to 26,

characterized in that

the tool (65) and the microwave radiation sources (70) are matched to one another in such a way that a substantially uniform temperature distribution is formed in the fiber composite structure (1) during operation of the at least one microwave radiation source (70).