WO2011064459A1 - Dust collecting and analysing apparatus and method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material - Google Patents

Dust collecting and analysing apparatus and method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011064459A1
WO2011064459A1 PCT/FI2010/050976 FI2010050976W WO2011064459A1 WO 2011064459 A1 WO2011064459 A1 WO 2011064459A1 FI 2010050976 W FI2010050976 W FI 2010050976W WO 2011064459 A1 WO2011064459 A1 WO 2011064459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
dust
fine
detached
classified
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2010/050976
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Raine Lehto
Jarmo Lilja
Pasi Arvela
Arto Nikkilä
Original Assignee
Raine Lehto
Jarmo Lilja
Pasi Arvela
Nikkilae Arto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raine Lehto, Jarmo Lilja, Pasi Arvela, Nikkilae Arto filed Critical Raine Lehto
Priority to EP10832706.5A priority Critical patent/EP2507614A4/en
Publication of WO2011064459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011064459A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2208—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with impactors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/34—Paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N2001/028—Sampling from a surface, swabbing, vaporising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0096—Investigating consistence of powders, dustability, dustiness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
    • G01N2015/0261—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections using impactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dust collecting and analysing apparatus for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets.
  • the invention also relates to a method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets.
  • the paper and printing industries are facing worsening dust problems due to the increasing use of recycled pulp and paper.
  • dust linting is often analysed visually by using, for example, different calibration tapes on which dust from the surface of a sample adheres and is then analysed under a microscope or at simplest compared visually with a reference sample. This is a laborious and inaccurate process.
  • carrying out a dust analysis is a laborious and multi-phased process and obtaining a single result takes a long time and it cannot be used, for example, for adjusting machinery, because the analysis is carried out with separate samples in a laboratory.
  • Another problem relates to the analysis of dust/particles.
  • the technique for measuring small particles guided by an air flow is continuously reliable typically up to 20 micrometres.
  • the technique used is based on the diffraction of laser light from the particles.
  • Measuring techniques are also available for the range from 20-200 micrometres, but the devices are expensive and volume measurement is often lost, whereby the mass of the dust per the volume of air is not found out.
  • the mass of the dust is an essential quantity.
  • From the paper are also detached fibres having a length of e.g. 1-3 millime- tres and an average thickness of 20 micrometres. These fibres cannot be measured reliably on the basis of laser light diffraction, and in practice there is no usable measuring technique available for this range, especially one that would function in real time.
  • the aim of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a solution by means of which dust detaching from paper or board can be analysed reliably and rapidly and which solution is applicable to both continuous analysis on a production line and for analysing individual samples, for example, in a laboratory.
  • the dust collecting and analysing apparatus is characterised in that the apparatus comprises means for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material being examined and means for leading the detached material into a virtual impac- tor, where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse ma- terial, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus and a coarse material measuring apparatus, respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser.
  • the method according to the invention is, for its part, characterised in that in the method, dust is detached controllably from the surface of the material being examined and led by means of underpressure into a virtual impactor, where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus and a coarse material measuring apparatus, respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is used to collect the detaching dust and a statistical analysis is rapidly made of the dust within the desired size range, which may be from less than 1 micrometre to several millimetres, and the data obtained is stored in the memory.
  • Current apparatuses based on diffraction can typically be used for measuring up to about 20 micrometres. If it is desirable to measure larger particle sizes, the price of the appa- ratuses increases and the upper limit for those functioning on the diffraction principle is typically 200 micrometres. With the apparatus according to the invention, it is possible to measure both the amount of air used as carrier and the number and sizes of the particles carried by it.
  • the apparatus can be mounted, for example, in the measuring beam of a paper machine or in a printing machine for monitor the dust-forming properties of the paper grade manufactured or used, respectively.
  • the apparatus produces a statistical analysis rapidly. For example in laboratory use, the analysis takes approximately a few minutes, including the sampling time. The speed of the analysis depends on the concentration of particles in the air flow.
  • a continuously operating device for example in a paper machine, can make statistical analyses, for example, every few seconds, depending on the concentration of particles in the air flow. Dilution may also be necessary if the particle concentration is high.
  • the apparatus functions in such a way that if the paper manufactured is found to form dust, the type of raw material and binders are changed so as to reduce dust formation.
  • the quality of printed products improves; the dust linting of the paper can be tested during running and higher quality printing papers can be required, if necessary; the amount of dust floating in the air/collecting in the machines can be reduced; the fire risk diminishes (problems of static electricity); there is less need to clean the machines and fewer stoppages. Furthermore, for printing houses, information on the dust-forming qualities of paper is an asset in negotiations when acquiring printing papers.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 1 comprises means 1 for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material 11 being examined.
  • the material 11 may be, for example, a paper or board web or a separate sample sheet of the paper/board being examined.
  • the detached material 12 is led through a conical part 14 and a pipe 8 to a virtual impactor 15 known as such, which is not described in greater detail in this connection.
  • the coarse material measuring apparatus 3 comprises a narrowed part 9' formed in the pipe part 9, at which rays of light 4 are directed through a transparent bottom plate 13, towards a camera 16 positioned above, which may be, for example, a line scan camera or a rapid matrix camera.
  • the line scan camera scans transversely to the direction of the air flow, at a high fre- quency (e.g. 2048 pixels at 40 kHz), detecting the particles carried by the air flow.
  • the matrix camera takes a picture (e.g.
  • the line scan camera produces a long image and the matrix camera produces several successive images from which are determined by image processing methods the size categories of the particles, and by means of methods known as such also the mass per used air volume.
  • the dust is led to a dust-collection container 6 by means of a pump 7.
  • the pump 7 generates the underpressure required in the dust detaching part 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a dust collecting and analysing apparatus for deter mining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets. The apparatus comprises means (1) for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material (11) being examined and means (14, 8) for leading the detached material (12) into a virtual impactor (15), where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus (2) and a coarse material measuring apparatus (3), respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser (5). The invention also comprises a method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets.

Description

Dust collecting and analysing apparatus and method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material
The present invention relates to a dust collecting and analysing apparatus for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets. The invention also relates to a method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets. The paper and printing industries are facing worsening dust problems due to the increasing use of recycled pulp and paper. Currently, dust linting is often analysed visually by using, for example, different calibration tapes on which dust from the surface of a sample adheres and is then analysed under a microscope or at simplest compared visually with a reference sample. This is a laborious and inaccurate process. With current measuring devices, carrying out a dust analysis is a laborious and multi-phased process and obtaining a single result takes a long time and it cannot be used, for example, for adjusting machinery, because the analysis is carried out with separate samples in a laboratory.
Another problem relates to the analysis of dust/particles. With current measuring technology, the technique for measuring small particles guided by an air flow is continuously reliable typically up to 20 micrometres. The technique used is based on the diffraction of laser light from the particles. Measuring techniques are also available for the range from 20-200 micrometres, but the devices are expensive and volume measurement is often lost, whereby the mass of the dust per the volume of air is not found out. In the paper and printing industry, specifically the mass of the dust is an essential quantity. From the paper are also detached fibres having a length of e.g. 1-3 millime- tres and an average thickness of 20 micrometres. These fibres cannot be measured reliably on the basis of laser light diffraction, and in practice there is no usable measuring technique available for this range, especially one that would function in real time.
The aim of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a solution by means of which dust detaching from paper or board can be analysed reliably and rapidly and which solution is applicable to both continuous analysis on a production line and for analysing individual samples, for example, in a laboratory. In order to achieve this aim, the dust collecting and analysing apparatus according to the invention is characterised in that the apparatus comprises means for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material being examined and means for leading the detached material into a virtual impac- tor, where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse ma- terial, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus and a coarse material measuring apparatus, respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser. The method according to the invention is, for its part, characterised in that in the method, dust is detached controllably from the surface of the material being examined and led by means of underpressure into a virtual impactor, where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus and a coarse material measuring apparatus, respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser.
The apparatus according to the invention is used to collect the detaching dust and a statistical analysis is rapidly made of the dust within the desired size range, which may be from less than 1 micrometre to several millimetres, and the data obtained is stored in the memory. Current apparatuses based on diffraction can typically be used for measuring up to about 20 micrometres. If it is desirable to measure larger particle sizes, the price of the appa- ratuses increases and the upper limit for those functioning on the diffraction principle is typically 200 micrometres. With the apparatus according to the invention, it is possible to measure both the amount of air used as carrier and the number and sizes of the particles carried by it. The apparatus can be mounted, for example, in the measuring beam of a paper machine or in a printing machine for monitor the dust-forming properties of the paper grade manufactured or used, respectively. The apparatus produces a statistical analysis rapidly. For example in laboratory use, the analysis takes approximately a few minutes, including the sampling time. The speed of the analysis depends on the concentration of particles in the air flow. A continuously operating device, for example in a paper machine, can make statistical analyses, for example, every few seconds, depending on the concentration of particles in the air flow. Dilution may also be necessary if the particle concentration is high.
For example, in adjusting a paper machine, the apparatus functions in such a way that if the paper manufactured is found to form dust, the type of raw material and binders are changed so as to reduce dust formation. The following advantages, among others, are obtained with the solution according to the invention:
- Printing machines: the quality of printed products improves; the dust linting of the paper can be tested during running and higher quality printing papers can be required, if necessary; the amount of dust floating in the air/collecting in the machines can be reduced; the fire risk diminishes (problems of static electricity); there is less need to clean the machines and fewer stoppages. Furthermore, for printing houses, information on the dust-forming qualities of paper is an asset in negotiations when acquiring printing papers.
- Paper machines: ability to develop high-quality printing papers with re- duced amounts of detaching dust; fewer stoppages and less frequent cleaning/washing. The invention is described in greater detail in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawing, the only Figure in which shows a diagrammatic view in principle of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 comprises means 1 for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material 11 being examined. The material 11 may be, for example, a paper or board web or a separate sample sheet of the paper/board being examined. The detached material 12 is led through a conical part 14 and a pipe 8 to a virtual impactor 15 known as such, which is not described in greater detail in this connection. In the virtual impactor 15, the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led along a pipe 10 to a fine material measuring apparatus 2 and along pipe 9 to a coarse material measuring apparatus 3, respectively. The results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in the analyser 5. The coarse material measuring apparatus 3 comprises a narrowed part 9' formed in the pipe part 9, at which rays of light 4 are directed through a transparent bottom plate 13, towards a camera 16 positioned above, which may be, for example, a line scan camera or a rapid matrix camera. The line scan camera scans transversely to the direction of the air flow, at a high fre- quency (e.g. 2048 pixels at 40 kHz), detecting the particles carried by the air flow. The matrix camera takes a picture (e.g. 2048x2048 pixels), for example at 10 [is intervals, imaging the particles carried by the air flow. The scanning speed of the line scan camera or the exposure speed of the matrix camera is synchronised to match the flow rate. If necessary, two cameras can be used to facilitate synchronisation. As a result, the line scan camera produces a long image and the matrix camera produces several successive images from which are determined by image processing methods the size categories of the particles, and by means of methods known as such also the mass per used air volume. After the measuring apparatus 3, the dust is led to a dust-collection container 6 by means of a pump 7. The pump 7 generates the underpressure required in the dust detaching part 1.

Claims

Claims
1. A dust collecting and analysing apparatus for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets, the apparatus comprising means (1) for controllably detaching dust from the surface of the material (11) being examined, characterised in that the apparatus comprises means (14, 8) for leading the detached material (12) into a virtual impactor (15), where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led to a fine material measuring apparatus (2) and a coarse material measuring apparatus (3), respectively, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser (5); and that as a measuring apparatus for coarse material is used a camera which images the particles carried by the air flow.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the virtual impactor (15) is arranged to carry out the separation of the particles in such a way that particles smaller than about 200 pm are classified as fine material, which is led into a measuring apparatus operating on the diffraction principle, which determines the size and number of the particles, and particles lar- ger than about 200 pm are classified as coarser material, which is led to a coarse material imaging system (3), which determines the size and number of the particles.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the virtual im- pactor is arranged to carry out the separation of the particles in such a way that particles smaller than about 100 pm are classified as fine material and particles larger than about 100 pm are classified as coarser material.
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the virtual im- pactor is arranged to carry out the separation of the particles in such a way that particles smaller than about 20 pm are classified as fine material and particles larger than about 20 pm are classified as coarser material.
5. A method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material, such as paper or board webs or sheets, in which method dust is detached controllably from the surface of the material (11) being examined, characterised in that the detached dust is led by means of underpressure into a virtual impactor (15), where the detached dust is separated into fine material and coarse material, which are led to a fine material meas- uring apparatus (2) and a coarse material measuring apparatus (3), respectively, where a camera which images the particles carried by the air flow is used as the measuring apparatus for coarse material, and the results obtained from the measuring apparatuses are combined in an analyser (5).
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the material detached in the method is separated in a virtual impactor (15) into fine material smaller than 200 pm and coarser material larger than 200 pm.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the material de- tached in the method is separated in a virtual impactor (15) into fine material smaller than 100 pm and coarser material larger than 100 pm.
8. A method as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the material detached in the method is separated in a virtual impactor (15) into fine material smaller than 20 pm and coarser material larger than 20 pm.
9. A method as claimed in any of the claims 5-8, characterised in that the material classified as fine is measured in a measuring apparatus (3) operating on the diffraction principle.
PCT/FI2010/050976 2009-11-30 2010-11-29 Dust collecting and analysing apparatus and method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material WO2011064459A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10832706.5A EP2507614A4 (en) 2009-11-30 2010-11-29 Dust collecting and analysing apparatus and method for determining the size and mass of particles detaching from fibrous material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20096267A FI124022B (en) 2009-11-30 2009-11-30 Dust collection and analysis equipment and method for determining the size and mass of particles released from a fiber material
FI20096267 2009-11-30

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WO2011064459A1 true WO2011064459A1 (en) 2011-06-03

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104749073A (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-01 东南大学 Device and method for testing mechanical strength of particles
CN106323825A (en) * 2016-10-26 2017-01-11 浙江大学 Pipeline powdered coal particle size measuring device and measuring method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3737129A1 (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-11 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Apparatus having limited time and particle size resolution for determining the concentration of dust, in particular wood dust, in the air breathed in places of work
DE4433092C1 (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-12-07 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Determining concentration of differently sized particle-dust aggregates in aerosol
WO2002099391A2 (en) * 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Paper Testing Instruments Gmbh Particle probe
JP2008224332A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-25 Nippon Steel Corp Device and method for measuring continuous falling dust
JP2008256363A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-23 Nippon Steel Corp Device for measuring continuous falling dust
WO2009138566A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2009-11-19 Metso Automation Oy Method and equipment for determining dust formation of moving web-like material

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FR2749658B1 (en) * 1996-06-10 1998-07-31 Centre Tech Ind Papier METHOD FOR REGULATING A PAPER PULK DEINKING CHAIN AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF PARTICLES CONTAINED IN A LIQUID
FI111102B (en) * 1997-09-22 2003-05-30 Metso Automation Oy Method for measuring particles in suspension and measuring device
US6938777B2 (en) * 2001-09-17 2005-09-06 Mesosystems Technology, Inc. Method for removing surface deposits of concentrated collected particles
US20070092976A1 (en) * 2005-10-06 2007-04-26 Board Of Regents Of The University And College Systems Of Nevada Continuous emissions monitoring

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3737129A1 (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-11 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Apparatus having limited time and particle size resolution for determining the concentration of dust, in particular wood dust, in the air breathed in places of work
DE4433092C1 (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-12-07 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Determining concentration of differently sized particle-dust aggregates in aerosol
WO2002099391A2 (en) * 2001-06-05 2002-12-12 Paper Testing Instruments Gmbh Particle probe
JP2008224332A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-25 Nippon Steel Corp Device and method for measuring continuous falling dust
JP2008256363A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-23 Nippon Steel Corp Device for measuring continuous falling dust
WO2009138566A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2009-11-19 Metso Automation Oy Method and equipment for determining dust formation of moving web-like material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104749073A (en) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-01 东南大学 Device and method for testing mechanical strength of particles
CN106323825A (en) * 2016-10-26 2017-01-11 浙江大学 Pipeline powdered coal particle size measuring device and measuring method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2507614A1 (en) 2012-10-10
EP2507614A4 (en) 2017-08-16
FI20096267A (en) 2011-05-31
FI124022B (en) 2014-02-14
FI20096267A0 (en) 2009-11-30

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