WO2011061151A1 - Ethylene copolymers - Google Patents
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- WO2011061151A1 WO2011061151A1 PCT/EP2010/067490 EP2010067490W WO2011061151A1 WO 2011061151 A1 WO2011061151 A1 WO 2011061151A1 EP 2010067490 W EP2010067490 W EP 2010067490W WO 2011061151 A1 WO2011061151 A1 WO 2011061151A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Definitions
- Polymers based on non-conjugated cyclic dienes such as ethylene/propylene/ethylidene norbornene copolymers are those which are vulcanizable, are superior in weatherability, heat resistance and ozone resistance and are used for automobile industrial parts, industrial rubber products, insulating materials, civil and construction materials and rubber products such as gummed clothes and also widely used for materials to be blended with plastics such as a polypropylene and polystyrene.
- non-conjugated cyclic dienes are polymerized the polymerization activity is low, furthermore the polymer obtained has low molecular weight and low content of non-conjugated cyclic dienes derived units since this class of comonomer is not easy to polymerize.
- WO 2004/050724 relates to a class of metallocene compounds having formula:
- R 4 and R 5 form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7- membered ring.
- this document is completely silent about the use of non conjugated cyclic diene as comonomers.
- WO 2005/058916 relates to a similar class of metallocene compounds wherein preferably the indenyl ring is substituted in position 4 with a phenyl moiety. Even this document is silent about the possibility to use non conjugated cyclic diene as comonomers.
- the applicant find a class of bridged metallocene compound having a particular substitution pattern able to give in high yields ethylene optionally an alpha olefin, and non conjugated cyclic diene copolymers having an high molecular weight and a relatively high non conjugated cyclic diene derived units content, without using an high concentration of non conjugated cyclic diene in the polymerization bath.
- M is titanium zirconium or hafnium; preferably M is zirconium
- X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a R, OR, OSO2CF3, OCOR, SR, NR 2 or PR 2 group wherein R is a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o-aryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radical; optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two X groups can be joined together to form a group OR'O wherein R' is a Ci-C 2 o-alkylidene, C6-C 2 o-arylidene, C7-C 2 o-alkylarylidene, or C7-C 2 o-arylalkylidene radical; preferably X is a hydrogen atom,
- R 1 equal to each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R 1 is a linear
- Ci-Cio-alkyl radical is a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl radical;
- R 2 , and R 5 are hydrogen atoms, or C1-C20 alkyl radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R 2 , and R 5 are hydrogen atoms.
- R 6 are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R 6 , equal to or different from each other are , Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o-aryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; more preferably R 6 , equal to or different from each other are Ci-C4o-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl or isopropyl;
- R 3 and R 4 form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7-membered ring preferably a C4-C6-membered ring, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; every atom forming said ring being substituted with R 7 radicals; that means that the valence of each atom forming said ring is filled with R 7 groups, wherein R 7 , equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1-C40 hydrocabon radicals optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R 7 are hydrogen atoms or Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o- ryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of
- metallocene of formula (I) is in the racemic form
- the non-conjugated cyclic diene of the present invention is a cyclic compound having-two unsaturated bonds.
- This non-conjugated cyclic diene is preferably a hydrocarbon cyclic compound having preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms and more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- non-conjugated cyclic diene of the present invention may include, though not particularly limited to, bicycle [2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having an alkylidene group such as 5- ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene), 5-ethylidene-6- methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6- isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n- propylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n-propylidene-6-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n- propylidene-6-ethyl
- bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a Ci-Cio alkylidene group as substituent and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a Ci-Cio alkenyl group as substituent are preferable.
- Particularly preferred are 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/Z-5- ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene) and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene are most preferable.
- Preferred alpha olefin is propylene or 1-butene.
- the process according to the present invention can be carried out in a gas phase, or in a liquid phase in the presence or absence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent.
- the hydrocarbon solvent can either be aromatic such as toluene, or aliphatic such as propane, hexane, heptane, isobutane or cyclohexane.
- the process is carried out in a liquid phase it can be in slurry, or in solution.
- the copolymers of the present invention are obtained by a solution process, i.e. a process carried out in liquid phase wherein the polymer is completely or partially soluble in the reaction medium.
- the polymerization temperature is generally comprised between -100°C and +200°C preferably comprised between 0° and 160°C, more preferably between 30°C and 90°C.
- the polymerization pressure is generally comprised between 0,5 and 100 bar.
- the metallocene compound A) has formula (II)
- R R , R , R and R' have the meaning specified above; more preferably R are hydrogen atoms.
- Alumoxanes used as component B) can be obtained by reacting water with an organo-aluminium compound of formula H j AlU 3 _ j or H j AbUe- j , where U substituents, same or different, are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, Ci-C2o-alkyl, C3-C2o-cyclalkyl, C6-C2o-aryl, C7-C2o-alkylaryl or or C7-C20- arylalkyl radical, optionally containing silicon or germanium atoms with the proviso that at least one U is different from halogen, and j ranges from 0 to 1 , being also a non-integer number.
- organo-aluminium compound of formula H j AlU 3 _ j or H j AbUe- j where U substituents, same or different, are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, Ci-C2o-alkyl, C3-C2
- the molar ratio of Al/water is preferably comprised between 1 : 1 and 100: 1.
- the molar ratio between aluminium and the metal of the metallocene generally is comprised between about 10: 1 and about 20000: 1, and more preferably between about 100: 1 and about 5000: 1.
- the alumoxanes used in the catalyst according to the invention are considered to be linear, branched or cyclic compounds containing at least one group of the type:
- n 1 is 0 or an integer from 1 to 40 and the substituents U are defined as above, or alumoxanes of the formula:
- alumoxanes suitable for use according to the present invention are methylalumoxane (MAO), tetra-(isobutyl)alumoxane (TIBAO), tetra-(2,4,4- trimethyl-pentyl)alumoxane (TIOAO), tetra-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)alumoxane (TDMBAO) and tetra-(2,3,3-trimethylbutyl)alumoxane (TTMBAO).
- MAO methylalumoxane
- TIBAO tetra-(isobutyl)alumoxane
- TIOAO tetra-(2,4,4- trimethyl-pentyl)alumoxane
- TDMBAO tetra-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)alumoxane
- TTMBAO tetra-(2,3,3-trimethylbutyl)alumox
- Particularly interesting cocatalysts are those described in WO 99/21899 and in WOO 1/21674 in which the alkyl and aryl groups have specific branched patterns.
- Non-limiting examples of aluminium compounds according to WO 99/21899 and WOO 1/21674 are:
- trimethylaluminium ⁇ triisobutylaluminium (TIBAL), tris(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)aluminium ⁇ ), tris(2,3-dimethylbutyl)aluminium (TDMBA) and tris(2,3,3-trimethylbutyl)aluminium (TTMBA) are preferred.
- Non-limiting examples of compounds able to form an alkylmetallocene cation are compounds of formula ⁇ ' , wherein D + is a Bransted acid, able to donate a proton and to react irreversibly with a substituent X of the metallocene of formula (I) and E " is a compatible anion, which is able to stabilize the active catalytic species originating from the reaction of the two compounds, and which is sufficiently labile to be able to be removed by an olefinic monomer.
- the anion E " comprises of one or more boron atoms.
- the anion E " is an anion of the formula wherein the substituents Ar which can be identical or different are aryl radicals such as phenyl, pentafiuorophenyl or bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. Tetrakis-pentafluorophenyl borate is particularly preferred examples of these compounds are described in WO 91/02012.
- compounds of the formula BAr 3 can conveniently be used. Compounds of this type are described, for example, in the published International patent application WO 92/00333. Other examples of compounds able to form an alkylmetallocene cation are compounds of formula BAr 3 P wherein P is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrol radicals. .
- Non limiting examples of compounds of formula D E " are:
- Organic aluminum compounds used as compound C) are those of formula H j AlU 3 _ j or H j Al 2 U6- j described above.
- the catalysts of the present invention can also be supported on an inert carrier. This is achieved by depositing the metallocene compound A) or the product of the reaction thereof with the component B), or the component B) and then the metallocene compound A) on an inert support such as, for example, silica, alumina, Al-Si, Al-Mg mixed oxides, magnesium halides, styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, polyethylene or polypropylene.
- an inert support such as, for example, silica, alumina, Al-Si, Al-Mg mixed oxides, magnesium halides, styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the supportation process is carried out in an inert solvent such as hydrocarbon for example toluene, hexane, pentane or propane and at a temperature ranging from 0°C to 100°C, preferably the process is carried out at a temperature ranging from 25°C to 90°C or the process is carried out at room temperature.
- an inert solvent such as hydrocarbon for example toluene, hexane, pentane or propane
- a suitable class of supports which can be used is that constituted by porous organic supports functionalized with groups having active hydrogen atoms. Particularly suitable are those in which the organic support is a partially crosslinked styrene polymer. Supports of this type are described in European application EP -633272.
- Another class of inert supports particularly suitable for use according to the invention is that of polyolefin porous prepolymers, particularly polyethylene.
- a further suitable class of inert supports for use according to the invention is that of porous magnesium halides such as those described in International application WO 95/32995.
- the polymer obtained with the present invention have preferably an ethylene derived units content ranging from 25.0 to 99.5 % by weight; a content of non-conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 % by weight, preferably from 1.0 to 10.0 % by weight.
- the ethylene derived units content ranges from 30.0 to 75.0 % by weight
- the non-conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 % by weight
- a content of alpha olefins of formula CH 2 CHT derived units ranging from 23.0 to 60.0 % by weight.
- the ethylene derived units content ranges from 50.0 to 70.0 % by weight
- the non- conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranges from 3.5 to 9.0 % by weight
- ENB content was determined with Infrared spectroscopy by using a method based on a calibration straight line obtained by using the absorption bands in the region between 4482 cm-1 and 3950 cm-1 and the absorption band at 1688 cm-1.
- Ethylene and propylene content were obtained with a method based on Near Infrared absorption bands at 5669cm-l and 5891 cm-1 , the resulting value is then corrected for the ENB content.
- the measures are carried out on a film sample obtained by molding the raw polymer with a hydraulic press (0.2 - 3 Kg/cm2) for about 30 seconds at either 160 °C (ethylene/propylene determination) or 180 °C (ENB determination) using an aluminium spacer of fixed thickness (0.1 - 0.2 mm).
- 6-methyl-l,2,3,5 tetrahydro-s-indacene has been synthesized according to the procedure reported on WO 2009/080438.
- Me2Si[2-Me-5,6(cyclotrymethylen)indenyl]2ZrCl2 has been synthesized according to the procedure described in WO 2004/050724 by using rac-dimethyl-bis-(2 -methyl- 1,5,6,7- tetrahydro-s-indacen-l-yl)-silane instead of r c-dimethyl-bis-(2,5,5,7,7-pentamethyl-l, 5,6,7- tetrahydro -s-indacen- 1 -yl)-silane .
- a weighted amount of metallocene is transferred in a Schlenk flask under nitrogen.
- This activated metallocene solution is maintained at room temperature under stirring for 12 h. After this, it can be used in polymerization and it maintains the initial polymerization over at least a week.
- the autoclave is closed and the temperature is raised to 58 °C and ethylene and propylene (amounts reported in Table 1 ) are added.
- the internal pressure is kept constant for the entire polymerization test by feeding an ethylene/propylene mixture having nearly the same weight ratio of the terpolymer under production.
- table 1 the polymerization conditions are reported.
- the bottom discharge valve is opened and the terpolymer solution is discharged from the autoclave into a heated steel tank and monomers and solvent are removed by feeding for 10 min hot water steam.
Abstract
A process for copolymerizing ethylene, comprising the step of contacting ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and optionally one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a C1-C20 alkyl radical under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by contacting: A) a metallocene compound of formula (I) wherein: M is titanium zirconium or hafnium; X, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hidrocabon group optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; R1 are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radical; R2, and R5 are hydrogen atoms, or C1-C20 hydrocarbon radicals; R6, equal to or different from each other, are C1-C20 hydrocarbon radicals; R3 and R4, form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7-membered ring; B) an alumoxane or a compound capable of forming an alkyl metallocene cation; and optionally (C) an organo aluminum compound.
Description
Title
Ethylene copolymers
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining copolymers containing derived units of ethylene and non conjugated cyclic diene and optionally containing derived units of one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a Ci-C2o alkyl radical. Said copolymers being obtained by using a class of metallocene compounds having a specific substitution pattern.
Polymers based on non-conjugated cyclic dienes such as ethylene/propylene/ethylidene norbornene copolymers are those which are vulcanizable, are superior in weatherability, heat resistance and ozone resistance and are used for automobile industrial parts, industrial rubber products, insulating materials, civil and construction materials and rubber products such as gummed clothes and also widely used for materials to be blended with plastics such as a polypropylene and polystyrene.
However when non-conjugated cyclic dienes are polymerized the polymerization activity is low, furthermore the polymer obtained has low molecular weight and low content of non-conjugated cyclic dienes derived units since this class of comonomer is not easy to polymerize.
WO 2004/050724 relates to a class of metallocene compounds having formula:
Wherein in particular R4 and R5, form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7- membered ring. However this document is completely silent about the use of non conjugated cyclic diene as comonomers.
WO 2005/058916 relates to a similar class of metallocene compounds wherein preferably the indenyl ring is substituted in position 4 with a phenyl moiety. Even this document is silent about the possibility to use non conjugated cyclic diene as comonomers.
The applicant find a class of bridged metallocene compound having a particular substitution pattern able to give in high yields ethylene optionally an alpha olefin, and non conjugated cyclic diene copolymers having an high molecular weight and a relatively high non conjugated cyclic diene derived units content, without using an high concentration of non conjugated cyclic diene in the polymerization bath.
An object of the present invention is a process for copolymerizing ethylene comprising the step of contacting ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and optionally one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a C1-C20 alkyl radical under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by contacting:
A) a metallocene compound of formula (I)
(I)
Wherein:
M is titanium zirconium or hafnium; preferably M is zirconium
X, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a R, OR, OSO2CF3, OCOR, SR, NR2 or PR2 group wherein R is a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o-aryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radical; optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two X groups can be joined together to form a group OR'O wherein R' is a Ci-C2o-alkylidene, C6-C2o-arylidene, C7-C2o-alkylarylidene, or C7-C2o-arylalkylidene radical; preferably X is a
hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or R group; more preferably X is chlorine or a methyl radical;
R1, equal to each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R1 is a linear
Ci-Cio-alkyl radical; more preferably R1, is a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl radical;
R2, and R5, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms, or C1-C20 alkyl radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R2, and R5 are hydrogen atoms.
R6, equal to or different from each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R6, equal to or different from each other are , Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o-aryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; more preferably R6, equal to or different from each other are Ci-C4o-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl or isopropyl;
R3 and R4, form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7-membered ring preferably a C4-C6-membered ring, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; every atom forming said ring being substituted with R7 radicals; that means that the valence of each atom forming said ring is filled with R7 groups, wherein R7, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1-C40 hydrocabon radicals optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; preferably R7 are hydrogen atoms or Ci-C4o-alkyl, C2-C40 alkenyl, C2-C40 alkynyl, C6-C4o- ryl, C7-C4o-alkylaryl or C7-C4o-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; more preferably R7 is a hydrogen atom or a Ci-C2o-alkyl radical; even more preferably it is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl radical;
B) an alumoxane or a compound capable of forming an alkyl metallocene cation; and optionally
(C) an organo aluminum compound.
Preferably the metallocene of formula (I) is in the racemic form
The non-conjugated cyclic diene of the present invention is a cyclic compound having-two unsaturated bonds. This non-conjugated cyclic diene is preferably a hydrocarbon cyclic compound having preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms and more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
Examples of the non-conjugated cyclic diene of the present invention may include, though not particularly limited to, bicycle [2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having an alkylidene group such as 5- ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene), 5-ethylidene-6- methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6- isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-6-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n- propylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n-propylidene-6-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n- propylidene-6-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-n-propylidene-6-isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- ene,5-n-propylidene-6-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-isopropylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5 -isopropylidene-6-methylbicyclo [2.2.l]hept-2-ene, 5 -isopropylidene-6-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1 ]hept- 2-ene, 5-isopropylidene-6-isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and 5-isopropylidene-6- butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene; bicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene derivatives having an alkenyl group such as 5-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene(5-vinyl-2-norbornene), 5-propenylbicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-ene and 5-butenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene; dicyclopentadiene, cyclooctadiene, and 4-vinyl-l- ciclohexene. Among these groups, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a Ci-Cio alkylidene group as substituent and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a Ci-Cio alkenyl group as substituent are preferable. Particularly preferred are 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/Z-5- ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene) and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene are most preferable.
Examples of alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a Ci-C2o alkyl radical are propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-lpentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1- dodecacene. Preferred alpha olefin is propylene or 1-butene.
Preferably an object of the present invention is a process for copolymerizing ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a Ci-C2o alkyl radical comprising the step of contacting ethylene, one or more non- conjugated cyclic diene and one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT.
The process according to the present invention can be carried out in a gas phase, or in a liquid phase in the presence or absence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent can either be aromatic such as toluene, or aliphatic such as propane, hexane, heptane, isobutane or cyclohexane. When the process is carried out in a liquid phase it can be in slurry, or in solution. Preferably the copolymers of the present invention are obtained by a solution process, i.e. a process carried out in liquid phase wherein the polymer is completely or partially soluble in the reaction medium.
As a general rule, the polymerization temperature is generally comprised between -100°C and +200°C preferably comprised between 0° and 160°C, more preferably between 30°C and 90°C. The polymerization pressure is generally comprised between 0,5 and 100 bar.
Preferably the metallocene compound A) has formula (II)
Wherein R R , R , R and R' have the meaning specified above; more preferably R are hydrogen atoms.
Alumoxanes used as component B) can be obtained by reacting water with an organo-aluminium compound of formula HjAlU3_j or HjAbUe-j, where U substituents, same or different, are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, Ci-C2o-alkyl, C3-C2o-cyclalkyl, C6-C2o-aryl, C7-C2o-alkylaryl or or C7-C20- arylalkyl radical, optionally containing silicon or germanium atoms with the proviso that at least one U is different from halogen, and j ranges from 0 to 1 , being also a non-integer number. In this reaction the molar ratio of Al/water is preferably comprised between 1 : 1 and 100: 1. The molar ratio between aluminium and the metal of the metallocene generally is comprised between about 10: 1 and about 20000: 1, and more preferably between about 100: 1 and about 5000: 1. The alumoxanes used in the catalyst according to the invention are considered to be linear, branched or cyclic compounds containing at least one group of the type:
wherein the substituents U, same or different, are described above.
In particular, alumoxanes of the formula:
can be used in the case of linear compounds, wherein n1 is 0 or an integer from 1 to 40 and the substituents U are defined as above, or alumoxanes of the formula:
U
I 2
(Al— 0)n
can be used in the case of cyclic compounds, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 40 and the U substituents are defined as above. Examples of alumoxanes suitable for use according to the present invention are methylalumoxane (MAO), tetra-(isobutyl)alumoxane (TIBAO), tetra-(2,4,4- trimethyl-pentyl)alumoxane (TIOAO), tetra-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)alumoxane (TDMBAO) and tetra-(2,3,3-trimethylbutyl)alumoxane (TTMBAO). Particularly interesting cocatalysts are those described in WO 99/21899 and in WOO 1/21674 in which the alkyl and aryl groups have specific branched patterns. Non-limiting examples of aluminium compounds according to WO 99/21899 and WOO 1/21674 are:
tris(2,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-dimethyl-hexyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-dimethyl- butyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-dimethyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-dimethyl-heptyl)aluminium, tris(2-methyl-3-ethyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2-methyl-3-ethyl-hexyl)aluminium, tris(2-methyl-3- ethyl-heptyl)aluminium, tris(2-methyl-3-propyl-hexyl)aluminium, tris(2-ethyl-3-methyl- butyl)aluminium, tris(2-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-diethyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2-propyl-3-methyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-isopropyl-3-methyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-isobutyl- 3-methyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2,3,3-trimethyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris(2,3,3-trimethyl- hexyl)aluminium, tris(2-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl- pentyl)aluminium, tris(2-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-trimethylsilyl- propyl)aluminium, tris(2-methyl-3-phenyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-ethyl-3-phenyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2-phenyl-propyl)aluminium, tris[2-(4-fluoro-
phenyl)-propyl] aluminium, tris[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-propyl]aluminium, tris[2-(3-isopropyl-phenyl)- propyljaluminium, tris(2-phenyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(3-methyl-2-phenyl-butyl)aluminium, tris(2- phenyl-pentyl)aluminium, tris[2-(pentafiuorophenyl)-propyl]aluminium, tris[2,2-diphenyl- ethyl] aluminium
and tris [2 -phenyl-2-methyl-propyl] aluminium, as well as the corresponding compounds wherein one of the hydrocarbyl groups is replaced with a hydrogen atom, and those wherein one or two of the hydrocarbyl groups are replaced with an isobutyl group.
Amongst the above aluminium compounds, trimethylaluminium ΓΜΑ), triisobutylaluminium (TIBAL), tris(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)aluminium ΓΙΟΑ), tris(2,3-dimethylbutyl)aluminium (TDMBA) and tris(2,3,3-trimethylbutyl)aluminium (TTMBA) are preferred.
Non-limiting examples of compounds able to form an alkylmetallocene cation are compounds of formula Ό^Έ', wherein D+ is a Bransted acid, able to donate a proton and to react irreversibly with a substituent X of the metallocene of formula (I) and E" is a compatible anion, which is able to stabilize the active catalytic species originating from the reaction of the two compounds, and which is sufficiently labile to be able to be removed by an olefinic monomer. Preferably, the anion E" comprises of one or more boron atoms. More preferably, the anion E" is an anion of the formula wherein the substituents Ar which can be identical or different are aryl radicals such as phenyl, pentafiuorophenyl or bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. Tetrakis-pentafluorophenyl borate is particularly preferred examples of these compounds are described in WO 91/02012. Moreover, compounds of the formula BAr3 can conveniently be used. Compounds of this type are described, for example, in the published International patent application WO 92/00333. Other examples of compounds able to form an alkylmetallocene cation are compounds of formula BAr3P wherein P is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrol radicals. . These compounds are described in WO01/62764. Other examples of cocatalyst can be found in EP 775707 and DE 19917985. Compounds containing boron atoms can be conveniently supported according to the description of DE-A- 19962814 and DE-A- 19962910. All these compounds containing boron atoms can be used in a molar ratio between boron and the metal of the metallocene comprised between about 1 : 1 and about 10: 1 ; preferably 1 :1 and 2.1 ; more preferably about 1 :1 .
Non limiting examples of compounds of formula D E" are:
Tributylammoniumtetrakispentafiuorophenylaluminate,
Tributylammoniumtetrakis(3,5-bis(trifiuoromethyl)phenyl)borate,
Tributylammoniumtetrakis(4-fluorophenyl)borate,
N,N-Dimethylbenzylammonium-tetrakispentafiuorophenylborate,
N,N-Dimethylhexylammonium-tetrakispentafluorophenylborate,
N,N-Dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,
N,N-Dimethylaniliniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate,
Di(propyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,
Di(cyclohexyl)ammoniumtetrakis(pentafiuorophenyl)borate,
Triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,
Triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate,
Ferroceniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,
Ferroceniumtetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate.
Organic aluminum compounds used as compound C) are those of formula HjAlU3_j or HjAl2U6-j described above. The catalysts of the present invention can also be supported on an inert carrier. This is achieved by depositing the metallocene compound A) or the product of the reaction thereof with the component B), or the component B) and then the metallocene compound A) on an inert support such as, for example, silica, alumina, Al-Si, Al-Mg mixed oxides, magnesium halides, styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, polyethylene or polypropylene. The supportation process is carried out in an inert solvent such as hydrocarbon for example toluene, hexane, pentane or propane and at a temperature ranging from 0°C to 100°C, preferably the process is carried out at a temperature ranging from 25°C to 90°C or the process is carried out at room temperature.
A suitable class of supports which can be used is that constituted by porous organic supports functionalized with groups having active hydrogen atoms. Particularly suitable are those in which the organic support is a partially crosslinked styrene polymer. Supports of this type are described in European application EP -633272. Another class of inert supports particularly suitable for use according to the invention is that of polyolefin porous prepolymers, particularly polyethylene.
A further suitable class of inert supports for use according to the invention is that of porous magnesium halides such as those described in International application WO 95/32995.
The polymer obtained with the present invention have preferably an ethylene derived units content ranging from 25.0 to 99.5 % by weight; a content of non-conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 % by weight, preferably from 1.0 to 10.0 % by weight. Preferably the ethylene derived units content ranges from 30.0 to 75.0 % by weight, the non-conjugated
cyclic diene derived units ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 % by weight the and a content of alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT derived units ranging from 23.0 to 60.0 % by weight. More preferably the ethylene derived units content ranges from 50.0 to 70.0 % by weight, the non- conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranges from 3.5 to 9.0 % by weight the and a content of alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT derived units ranges from 21.0 to 55.0 % by weight.
The following examples are for illustrative purpose and do not intend to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
Measure of Ethylene, propylene and non-conjugated diene content
ENB content was determined with Infrared spectroscopy by using a method based on a calibration straight line obtained by using the absorption bands in the region between 4482 cm-1 and 3950 cm-1 and the absorption band at 1688 cm-1.
Ethylene and propylene content were obtained with a method based on Near Infrared absorption bands at 5669cm-l and 5891 cm-1 , the resulting value is then corrected for the ENB content. The measures are carried out on a film sample obtained by molding the raw polymer with a hydraulic press (0.2 - 3 Kg/cm2) for about 30 seconds at either 160 °C (ethylene/propylene determination) or 180 °C (ENB determination) using an aluminium spacer of fixed thickness (0.1 - 0.2 mm).
Compounds
Synthesis of Me2Si[2-Me-5,6(cyclotrymethylen)indenyl]2ZrCl2 [Al]
6-methyl-l,2,3,5 tetrahydro-s-indacene has been synthesized according to the procedure reported on WO 2009/080438.
Rac-dimethyl-bis-(2-methyl-l,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-indacen-l-yl)-silane has been synthesized according to the procedure described in WO 2004/050724 by using 6-methyl-l,2,3,5 tetrahydro- s-indacene instead of l,l,3,3,6-Pentamethyl-l ,2,3,5-tetrahydro-s-indacene.
Me2Si[2-Me-5,6(cyclotrymethylen)indenyl]2ZrCl2 has been synthesized according to the procedure described in WO 2004/050724 by using rac-dimethyl-bis-(2 -methyl- 1,5,6,7-
tetrahydro-s-indacen-l-yl)-silane instead of r c-dimethyl-bis-(2,5,5,7,7-pentamethyl-l, 5,6,7- tetrahydro -s-indacen- 1 -yl)-silane .
rac-μ-{bis-[η5-2-methyl- -( -ter^butylphenyl)-l,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indaceIl-l- yl]dimethylsilanediyl}dichlorozirconium (IV). (C-l)
rac-μ-{bis-[η5-2-methyl-4-(4-^er butyl henyl)-l ,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-indacen-l- yl]dimethylsilanediyl}dichlorozirconium has been synthesized according to the procedure described in WO2006/097497
Al(z'-Bu)3 (TIBA) and methylalumoxane (MAO, Chemtura 30%wt/wt in toluene) were used as received.
Preparation of the catalyst system
A weighted amount of metallocene is transferred in a Schlenk flask under nitrogen. The solid is then dissolved in a quantity of MAO/TIBA toluene/cyclohexane solution (MAO/TIBA = 2 molar) to obtain a final Al/Zr ratio equal to 600 mol/mol. The MAO/TIBA solution is obtained by mixing a solution of MAO in Toluene with a cyclohexane solution of TIBA (Al = 4 g/1).
This activated metallocene solution is maintained at room temperature under stirring for 12 h. After this, it can be used in polymerization and it maintains the initial polymerization over at least a week.
Examples 1-3
In a 4.5 litre jacketed stainless-steel autoclave is purged with nitrogen flow at 70 °C for one hour. Then, at 30 °C, 1300 g. of technical iso-hexane, 5-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene(5-vinyl-2- norbornene) (ENB) (amount reported in Table 1) and 4 mmol of MAO/TIB A cyclohexane solution (MAO/TIBA = 2 molar) are introduced in the autoclave.
The autoclave is closed and the temperature is raised to 58 °C and ethylene and propylene (amounts reported in Table 1 ) are added.
A measured amount (Table 1) of activated metallocene catalyst system solution is added to 5 mL of technical iso-hexane and then injected in the autoclave by nitrogen overpressure.
The internal pressure is kept constant for the entire polymerization test by feeding an ethylene/propylene mixture having nearly the same weight ratio of the terpolymer under production. On table 1 the polymerization conditions are reported.
After 30 minutes the bottom discharge valve is opened and the terpolymer solution is discharged from the autoclave into a heated steel tank and monomers and solvent are removed by feeding for 10 min hot water steam.
The terpolymer was recovered and carefully dried at 70 °C under vacuum for 8 hours, the characterization data are reported in Table 2.
Table 1
Comparative
Table 2
Comparative
The results of table 2 clearly show that compound Al has an higher activity with respect to compound CI .
Claims
Claims
A process for copolymerizing ethylene, comprising the step of contacting ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and optionally one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a Ci-C2o alkyl radical under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by contacting:
) a metallocene compound of formula (I)
(I)
Wherein:
M is titanium zirconium or hafnium;
X, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a R, OR, OR'O, OS02CF3, OCOR, SR, NR2 or PR2 group wherein R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-C2o-alkyl, C3-C2o-cycloalkyl, C6-C2o-aryl, C7-C2o-alkylaryl or C7-C2o-arylalkyl radical, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; and R' is a Ci-C2o-alkylidene, C6-C2o-arylidene, C7-C2o-alkylarylidene, or C7-C2o-arylalkylidene radical;
R1, equal to or different from each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radical optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements: R2, and R5, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms, or Ci-C2o alkyl radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic
Table of the Elements;
R6, equal to or different from each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements;
R3 and R4, form together a condensed saturated or unsaturaded C3-C7-membered ring preferably a C4-C6-membered ring, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-16 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; every atom forming said ring being substituted with R7 radicals; wherein R7, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1-C40 hydrocabon radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements;
B) an alumoxane or a compound capable of forming an alkyl metallocene cation; and optionally
(C) an organo aluminum compound.
The process according to claim 1 wherein in the compound of formula (I) X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a OR'O or R group;
The process according to claims 1 or 2 wherein in the compound of formula (I) R1 , equal to or different from each other, is a linear Ci-Cio-alkyl radical;
The process according to anyone of claims 1-3 wherein R2, and R5 are hydrogen atoms The process according to anyone of claims 1-4 wherein the metallocene compound A) has formula (II):
Wherein R1 R2, R5, R6 and R7 have the meaning described in claim 1.
The process according to claim 5 wherein in the compound of formula (II) R7 are hydrogen atoms.
The process according to anyone of claims 1-6 for copolymerizing ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT wherein T is a C1-C20 alkyl radical comprising the step of contacting ethylene, one or more non-conjugated cyclic diene and one or more alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT in the presence of the catalyst system of claims 1-6.
The process according to anyone of claims 1 -7 wherein the non-conjugated cyclic diene is a hydrocarbon compound having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
The process according to claim 8 wherein the non-conjugated cyclic diene is selected from the group consisting of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a C1-C10 alkylidene group as susbstitutent and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene derivatives having a C1-C10 alkenyl group as susbstitutent.
The process according to claim 9 wherein the non-conjugated cyclic diene is selected from 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/Z-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene) and 5-vinyl- 2-norbornene.
11. The process according to anyone of claims 1 -10 wherein the alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT are selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 2- methyl-lpentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1 -dodecacene.
12. The process according to anyone of claims 1-1 1 wherein the polymer has an ethylene derived units content ranging from 25.0 to 99.5 % by weight and a content of non- conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 % by weight.
13. The process according to claim 12 wherein the polymer has content of non-conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 % by weight.
14. The process according to anyone of claims 1-13 wherein the polymer has an ethylene derived units content ranging from 30.0 to 75.0 % by weight, a non-conjugated cyclic diene derived units ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 % by weight and a content of alpha olefins of formula CH2=CHT derived units ranging from 23.0 to 60.0 % by weight, the sum being 100%.
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| US61/283,223 | 2009-12-01 |
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