WO2011054946A2 - Wave energy converter having a counter-float - Google Patents

Wave energy converter having a counter-float Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011054946A2
WO2011054946A2 PCT/EP2010/066952 EP2010066952W WO2011054946A2 WO 2011054946 A2 WO2011054946 A2 WO 2011054946A2 EP 2010066952 W EP2010066952 W EP 2010066952W WO 2011054946 A2 WO2011054946 A2 WO 2011054946A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulley
float
cable
energy
wave
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Application number
PCT/EP2010/066952
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hubert Quinet
Original Assignee
Hubert Quinet
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Publication date
Application filed by Hubert Quinet filed Critical Hubert Quinet
Publication of WO2011054946A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011054946A2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1865—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for collecting wave energy and / or wave comprising at least a first pulley intended to be fixed on a seabed and a first float designed to move under the energy swell and / or waves, said first float being connected to a first end of a cable moving on said first pulley, under the effect of the swell and / or waves and rotating said at least a first pulley, which is linked to a system for capturing energy.
  • the wave energy is better known as the wave energy.
  • the first float is moved up and down and back and forth (or left to right) under the effect of waves and / or swell, and in this way the cable to which the float is connected performs a movement back and forth which is converted by the pulley into a rotational movement to rotate a system of energy capture.
  • the wave energy is abundant between 40 ° and 60 ° latitude.
  • the resource that the wave energy harvesting equipment, the wave energy, plan to convert into electricity is of the order of 30 to 100 Kw per square meter. It is therefore an energy that nature has already concentrated. It could produce 1,400 Twh annually (World Energy Council). Europe is the main beneficiary.
  • PELAMIS Planar artery shortening ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • a PELAMIS waveform unit weighs 750 tons. It is calibrated to produce 750 Kw. On the wave energy capture area taken as a reference, 1,600 PELAMIS waveforms are planned to produce 1,000 MW. The set represents 1,200,000 tons of steel and 100,000 tons of high-tech equipment inside the cylinders.
  • This center is preparing to test the SEAREV, the concept of which has been validated on a scale of 1: 1 in hull basins of the fluid mechanics laboratory of the lich Centrale de France and the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research). At sea, the test site is off Le Croisic.
  • the SEAREV is 26 meters long, 10 meters wide with a mass of 1 000 tons. It contains a wheel 9 meters in diameter that functions as a pendulum.
  • the SEAREV has a nominal power of 0.5 to 1
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a device for collecting wave and / or wave energy that is less cumbersome and much simpler. in which a large part of the installation is submerged and poses no risk to the marine fauna and flora.
  • a device as indicated at the beginning, characterized in that said device further comprises a second submerged float connected to the other end of said cable.
  • the counter-float keeps the cable under tension permanently. Therefore, when the swell causes a lowering of the first float that floats on the surface of the water, even if the lowering of it is fast, the counter-float ensures the tension in the cable since it tends to back up and therefore allows an optimal rotation of the first phase. As a result, the first pulley, connected to a system of energy capture actuates the latter under the effect of the swell and this allows an optimal production of energy.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a second pulley also intended to be fixed on said seabed, said second pulley being also rotated by said cable.
  • the tension in the cable is optimal and it remains engaged around said first and second pulley, even under the effect of the swell, sometimes violent.
  • the voltage is permanently maintained by the second float (or cons-float) immersed, the presence of two pulleys promotes the state of equilibrium and speed of reaction by the counter-float.
  • said second pulley is connected to another energy capture system which may be of the same or different nature.
  • said first pulley and / or said second pulley is (are) fixed (s) to the seabed via a concrete slab, to promote the stability of the device according to the invention.
  • the cable comprises a first substantially vertical section and a second substantially horizontal section between said first and second pulleys. Therefore, the first section and said other section are substantially perpendicular, which has the effect that the pulley exerts a compressive force on the cable and therefore the cable, firmly engaged in the pulley is in the position in which there is has the least frictional loss since the area of contact between the pulley and the cable is the lowest, while allowing proper drive of the pulley by the compression force that is applied. Consequently, this configuration is one of the optimal configurations of the device according to the invention.
  • the second submerged float must be positioned in such a way that it is not subject to swell.
  • the subject of the invention is also a process for converting wave energy into electrical energy comprising the steps of:
  • This method is characterized in that said driving of said first rotating pulley is carried out by a powering up. said cable by the presence at a second end thereof of a second float, immersed.
  • the method also comprises driving a second rotating pulley by a cable at least connected to a first end of said first float.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a particularly simplified embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of a variant of the device according to the invention wherein said first pulley is connected to a system for capturing energy.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a variant of the device according to the invention in which each pulley is connected to its own energy capture system.
  • the present invention is a device for transforming wave energy into mechanical energy which can then be converted into electrical energy.
  • the energy that makes the device work is mainly that of the swell.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a first float 2 arranged to move under the effect of the swell and / or waves of the sea 1, connected to a cable 3 by a first end thereof 3a.
  • the device comprises a first pulley 5 driven by said cable 4 when it is kept under tension using a counter-float 9 (or second float) at the second end of the cable 3b.
  • the pulley 5 When the pulley 5 is driven by the cable 3, it drives a system for capturing the energy 4.
  • the energy capture system and the first pulley 5 are fixed on the bottom of the sea 8, for example by means of a concrete slab 7.
  • the swell of the sea 1 thus raises the first float 2 which exerts traction on the cable 3 whose movement drives a system for capturing the energy 4 by means of the first pulley.
  • the first section 3c of the cable 3 is therefore substantially vertical.
  • a second submerged float 9 which tends the cable 3 on the pulley 5 in compression.
  • the other section of the cable 3d is in this case parallel, but of opposite orientation (antiparallel) compared to the first section.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an advantageous variant according to the invention which comprises a second part 6.
  • the cable 3 therefore passes around the first 5 and second pulleys 6 and the other section 3d of the cable 3 is then substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the first section 3c of the cable 3.
  • the first pulley 5 is connected to the generator 4.
  • the second pulley 6 is connected to said generator 4.
  • the operation of the wave-forming device according to the invention is identical to that described for FIG.
  • each pulley is connected to its own energy capture system 4.
  • the cable comprises at least a first section 3c and another section 3d which have a different orientation relative to each other. This allows the pulley 5 to exert a compressive force on the cable 3 which is held in tension between said first and second submerged float 9 (counter float).
  • the device according to the invention has the following advantages:
  • a pulley 5 or 6 is for example equipped to be a face of a magnetic clutch.
  • the other side of the magnetic clutch is secured to a gear train and an energy capture system such as a generator 4 and the control of the magnetic clutch.
  • electro-active polymers mature and with the help of a one-way hydraulic brake, they can also be used to produce electricity.
  • AEGIR hydraulic brake
  • the hydraulic brakes can reduce the ballast. The same applies for a system of turbines placed on the cable 3.
  • the wave-forming machine places all the equipment away from the waves.
  • the surface float 2 can be reduced to a minimum and connected by cable 3, at the ideal depth, to another density volume (not shown) close to the water.
  • the movements of the water at depth, generated by the waves on the surface move this volume connected by the cable 3 to the fixed pulleys 5,6 on the weighted base 7.
  • the energy is captured as for the basic version but, in case of a storm, the small surface float 2 and the volume suspended from it can be brought back to the useful depth under water until the end of the storm.
  • the energy capture system can be a generator, a water pump, a submerged piston, a reverse osmosis device or any other combination thereof that can transform the mechanical energy into any other energy, it can also include an electrolysis device, a compressed air storage system, ...
  • the Kwh could cost 0.01 € by providing 100,000 units of 25 Kw nominals over 40 square km.
  • the minimal cost of the device according to the invention would justify the partial storage of electricity in the form of compressed air in natural faults, as is done in the USA in lowa for wind power.
  • the storage in the form of compressed air note that the yield could be excellent if one could reach great depths: the pressurized air would retain its temperature, a condition of effective relaxation. Without this, it is necessary either to heat the compressed air with an external thermal resource, or to compress the ambient air to heat it and to mix it with the compressed air stored in the natural faults at the time of use in the turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to harnessing the energy of the swell and/or waves (1), including at least one first pulley (5) provided for being attached to the seabed (8) as well as a first float (2) provided for moving by means of the energy of the swell and/or waves (1), said first float (2) being connected to a first end (3a) of a cable (3) travelling on said first pulley (5), as a result of the swell and/or waves (1) rotating said at least one first pulley (5), which is connected to an energy-harnessing system (4), and a second submerged float (9), which is connected to the other end (3b) of said cable (3).

Description

HOULOMOTEUR A CONTRE-FLOTTEUR.  FLOAT CONTROL UNIT.
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de captage de l'énergie des vagues et/ou de la houle comprenant au moins une première poulie prévue pour être fixée sur un fond marin ainsi qu'un premier flotteur prévu pour se mouvoir sous l'énergie de la houle et/ou des vagues, ledit premier flotteur étant relié à une première extrémité d'un câble se déplaçant sur ladite première poulie, sous l'effet de la houle et/ou des vagues et entraîner en rotation ladite au moins une première poul ie, laquelle est rel iée à un système de captation de l'énergie.  The present invention relates to a device for collecting wave energy and / or wave comprising at least a first pulley intended to be fixed on a seabed and a first float designed to move under the energy swell and / or waves, said first float being connected to a first end of a cable moving on said first pulley, under the effect of the swell and / or waves and rotating said at least a first pulley, which is linked to a system for capturing energy.
Ce type de dispositif est plus connu sous le nom d'houlomoteur. Le premier flotteur est soumis à des mouvements de haut en bas et d'avant en arrière (ou de gauche à droite) sous l'effet des vagues et/ou de la houle et de cette façon, le câble auquel est relié le flotteur effectue un mouvement de va et vient qui est converti grâce à la poulie en un mouvement de rotation permettant de faire tourner un système de captation de l'énergie.  This type of device is better known as the wave energy. The first float is moved up and down and back and forth (or left to right) under the effect of waves and / or swell, and in this way the cable to which the float is connected performs a movement back and forth which is converted by the pulley into a rotational movement to rotate a system of energy capture.
L'énergie de la houle est abondante entre 40° et 60° de latitude. La ressource que les équipements de captation de l'énergie de la houle, le houlomoteur, envisagent de transformer en électricité est de l'ordre de 30 à 100 Kw par mètre carré. Il s'agit donc d'une énergie que la nature a déjà concentrée. Elle pourrait produire annuellement 1 .400 Twh (World Energy Council). L'Europe en est la principale bénéficiaire.  The wave energy is abundant between 40 ° and 60 ° latitude. The resource that the wave energy harvesting equipment, the wave energy, plan to convert into electricity is of the order of 30 to 100 Kw per square meter. It is therefore an energy that nature has already concentrated. It could produce 1,400 Twh annually (World Energy Council). Europe is the main beneficiary.
La plupart des études prévoient de produire 1 .000 Mégawatts (l'équivalent d'une centrale nucléaire) avec chaque parc de houlomoteurs placés sur 40 Km carrés de mer. (Les structures ne couvriront vraiment que 1 Km carré) Most studies plan to produce 1,000 megawatts (the equivalent of a nuclear power plant) with each waveforms placed on 40 square kilometers of sea. (The structures will really cover only 1 square km)
Les problèmes auxquels sont confrontés tous les systèmes sont évidemment :  The problems facing all systems are obviously:
- La résistance aux tempêtes  - Resistance to storms
Le rendement  The yield
La nécessité de beaucoup de matériaux  The need for many materials
Les houlomoteurs proposés à ce jour nécessitent l'emploi de masses énormes de matériaux coûteux et, de surcroit, aucun des prototypes à échelle réelle n'a résisté aux tempêtes. A ce jour, aucune convergence de principe, de technique ou de forme n'est perceptible. Tout est encore à découvrir. The wave pumps proposed to date require the use of enormous masses of expensive materials and, in addition, none of the full-scale prototypes have withstood the storms. To date, no convergence of principle, technique or form is perceptible. Everything is still to discover.
On connaît par exemple le houlomoteur surnommé PELAMIS. Il est le plus connu des houlomoteurs et se compose d'un serpent divisé en 4 cylindres allongés sur 180 mètres et unis les uns aux autres par des charnières.  We know for example the wave called PELAMIS. It is the best known of the wave and consists of a snake divided into 4 cylinders lying on 180 meters and joined to each other by hinges.
Les mouvements relatifs des 4 cylindres entre eux actionnent des vérins. La pression crée dans le circuit hydraulique est transformée en électricité.  The relative movements of the 4 cylinders between them actuate cylinders. The pressure created in the hydraulic circuit is transformed into electricity.
Une unité de houlomoteur PELAMIS pèse 750 tonnes. Elle est calibrée pour produire 750 Kw. Sur la surface de captation de l'énergie de la houle prise comme référence, 1 .600 houlomoteurs PELAMIS sont prévus pour produire 1 .000 Mwatts. L'ensemble représente 1 .200.000 tonnes d'acier et 100.000 tonnes d'équipement de haute technologie à l'intérieur des cylindres.  A PELAMIS waveform unit weighs 750 tons. It is calibrated to produce 750 Kw. On the wave energy capture area taken as a reference, 1,600 PELAMIS waveforms are planned to produce 1,000 MW. The set represents 1,200,000 tons of steel and 100,000 tons of high-tech equipment inside the cylinders.
Les concepteurs estiment la construction de ces centrales à 3 milliards d'euros. Si l'on tient compte du caractère intermittent de la houle, qui multiplie par un facteur compris entre 2,3 et 3 le temps d'amortissement, on ne s'étonnera pas du prix élevé du Kwh. En 2008, la première unité commerciale de PELAMIS a été mise en service. Elle a été retirée pour réparation, la conception de plusieurs composantes est à revoir. The designers estimate the construction of these plants to 3 billion euros. If we take into account the intermittent nature of the swell, which multiplies by a factor between 2.3 and 3 the amortization time, it is not surprising the high price of Kwh. In 2008, the first commercial unit of PELAMIS was commissioned. It has been removed for repair, the design of several components is to be reviewed.
Un autre centre d'essais en Ecosse sera opérationnel en 2010, le Sem-Rev (Site d'expérimentation en mer pour la récupération de l'énergie des vagues).  Another test center in Scotland will be operational in 2010, the Sem-Rev (Offshore Experimentation Site for Wave Energy Recovery).
Ce centre se prépare à tester le SEAREV dont le concept a été validé à l'échelle 1 /1 2 en bassins de carènes du laboratoire de mécanique des fluides de l'Ecole Centrale de Nantes et du CNRS (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique). En mer, le site des essais se trouve au large du Croisic.  This center is preparing to test the SEAREV, the concept of which has been validated on a scale of 1: 1 in hull basins of the fluid mechanics laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Nantes and the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research). At sea, the test site is off Le Croisic.
Le SEAREV a 26 mètres de long, 10 mètre de large avec une masse de 1 .000 tonnes. Il contient une roue de 9 mètres de diamètre qui fonctionne comme un pendule.  The SEAREV is 26 meters long, 10 meters wide with a mass of 1 000 tons. It contains a wheel 9 meters in diameter that functions as a pendulum.
Le SEAREV affiche une puissance nominale de 0,5 à 1 The SEAREV has a nominal power of 0.5 to 1
Mwatts. Dispersés sur 40 Km carrés, ces houlomoteurs au nombre de 1 .000 à 2.000 représentent un investissement de 20 à 30 milliards d'euros en cas de production à grande échelle. MWatts. Scattered over 40 square kilometers, these 1 000 to 2.000 wave motors represent an investment of 20 to 30 billion euros in the case of large-scale production.
La totalité des équipements est à l'abri à l'intérieur du houlomoteur SEAREV. On peut prédire que le SEAREV donnera sa pleine puissance lors des tempêtes pour lesquelles il est parfaitement dimensionné.  All equipment is protected inside the SEAREV waveform. We can predict that the SEAREV will give full power during storms for which it is perfectly sized.
Malheureusement, ces dispositifs connus sont complexes et nécessitent des équipements qui présentent de nombreux problèmes, notamment à cause des conditions sévères auxquelles ils sont soumis. Dans d'autres cas, l'encombrement des dispositifs existants reste problématique ainsi que la quantité de matière impliquée.  Unfortunately, these known devices are complex and require equipment that have many problems, in particular because of the severe conditions to which they are subject. In other cases, the size of the existing devices remains problematic as well as the amount of material involved.
L'invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en procurant un dispositif de captage de l'énergie de la houle et/ou des vagues moins encombrant et nettement plus simple, dans lequel une grande partie de l'installation est immergée et ne présente aucun risque pour la faune et la flore marine. The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a device for collecting wave and / or wave energy that is less cumbersome and much simpler. in which a large part of the installation is submerged and poses no risk to the marine fauna and flora.
Pour résoudre ce problème, il est prévu suivant l'invention, un dispositif, procédé tel qu'indiqué au début caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif comprend en outre un deuxième flotteur immergé, relié à l'autre extrémité dudit câble.  To solve this problem, there is provided according to the invention, a device, as indicated at the beginning, characterized in that said device further comprises a second submerged float connected to the other end of said cable.
La présence du deuxième flotteur immergé que l'on appellera dans la suite de la description, le contre-flotteur, permet de maintenir le câble sous tension en permanence. Dès lors, lorsque la houle provoque un abaissement du premier flotteur qui flotte sur la surface de l'eau, même si l'abaissement de celui-ci est rapide, le contre- flotteur assure la tension dans le câble puisqu'il a tendance à remonter et permet donc une rotation optimale de la prem ière pou l ie. En conséquence, la première poulie, reliée à un système de captation de l'énergie actionne ce dernier sous l'effet de la houle et ceci permet une production optimale d'énergie.  The presence of the second submerged float that will be called in the following description, the counter-float, keeps the cable under tension permanently. Therefore, when the swell causes a lowering of the first float that floats on the surface of the water, even if the lowering of it is fast, the counter-float ensures the tension in the cable since it tends to back up and therefore allows an optimal rotation of the first phase. As a result, the first pulley, connected to a system of energy capture actuates the latter under the effect of the swell and this allows an optimal production of energy.
Avantageusement, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend une deuxième poulie également prévue pour être fixée sur ledit fond marin, ladite deuxième poulie étant également entraînée en rotation par ledit câble. De cette façon, la tension dans le câble est optimale et celui- ci reste engagé autour de ladite première et de la deuxième poulie, même sous l'effet de la houle, parfois violente. En effet, puisque la tension est maintenue en permanence par le deuxième flotteur (ou contre-flotteur) immergé, la présence de deux poulies favorise l'état d'équilibre et la rapidité de réaction par le contre-flotteur.  Advantageously, the device according to the invention comprises a second pulley also intended to be fixed on said seabed, said second pulley being also rotated by said cable. In this way, the tension in the cable is optimal and it remains engaged around said first and second pulley, even under the effect of the swell, sometimes violent. Indeed, since the voltage is permanently maintained by the second float (or cons-float) immersed, the presence of two pulleys promotes the state of equilibrium and speed of reaction by the counter-float.
Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, lequel ladite deuxième poulie est reliée à un autre système de captation de l'énergie qui peut être de nature identique ou différente. De préférence, ladite première poulie et/ou ladite deuxième poulie est (sont) fixée(s) au fond marin par l'intermédiaire d'une dalle de béton, pour favoriser la stabilité du dispositif selon l'invention. In a particular embodiment, which said second pulley is connected to another energy capture system which may be of the same or different nature. Preferably, said first pulley and / or said second pulley is (are) fixed (s) to the seabed via a concrete slab, to promote the stability of the device according to the invention.
De plus, dans une forme de réalisation particulière, le câble comprend une première section sensiblement verticale et une deuxième section sensiblement horizontale entre lesdites premières et deuxièmes poulies. Dès lors, la première section et ladite autre section sont sensiblement perpendiculaire, ce qui a pour effet que la poulie exerce une force de compression sur le câble et dès lors, le câble, fermement engagé dans la poulie est dans la position dans laquelle il y a le moins de perte par frottement puisque la zone de contact entre la poulie et le câble est la plus faible, tout en permettant un entraînement approprié de la poulie par la force de compression qui est appliquée. En conséquence, cette configuration est une des configurations optimales du dispositif selon l'invention.  In addition, in a particular embodiment, the cable comprises a first substantially vertical section and a second substantially horizontal section between said first and second pulleys. Therefore, the first section and said other section are substantially perpendicular, which has the effect that the pulley exerts a compressive force on the cable and therefore the cable, firmly engaged in the pulley is in the position in which there is has the least frictional loss since the area of contact between the pulley and the cable is the lowest, while allowing proper drive of the pulley by the compression force that is applied. Consequently, this configuration is one of the optimal configurations of the device according to the invention.
D'ailleurs, le deuxième flotteur immergé doit être positionné de telle façon qu'il ne soit pas soumis à la houle.  Moreover, the second submerged float must be positioned in such a way that it is not subject to swell.
D'autres formes de réalisation du dispositif suivant l'invention sont indiquées dans les revendications annexées.  Other embodiments of the device according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de transformation d'énergie de la houle en énergie électrique comprenant les étapes de: The subject of the invention is also a process for converting wave energy into electrical energy comprising the steps of:
- captage du mouvement de la houle par un premier flotteur - capture of the movement of the swell by a first float
- entraînement d'au moins une première poulie en rotation par un câble au moins relié à une première extrémité audit premier flotteur,  driving at least a first rotating pulley by a cable at least connected at one end to said first float,
- transformation du mouvement de rotation en énergie (par exemple en énergie électrique).  - transformation of the rotation movement into energy (for example into electrical energy).
Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que ledit entraînement de la dite première poulie en rotation est effectué par une mise sous tension dudit câble par la présence à une deuxième extrémité de celui-ci d'un deuxième flotteur, immergé. This method is characterized in that said driving of said first rotating pulley is carried out by a powering up. said cable by the presence at a second end thereof of a second float, immersed.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, le procédé comprend également un entraînement d'une deuxième poulie en rotation par un câble au moins relié à une première extrémité audit premier flotteur.  In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the method also comprises driving a second rotating pulley by a cable at least connected to a first end of said first float.
D'autres formes de réalisation du procédé suivant l'invention sont indiquées dans les revendications annexées.  Other embodiments of the process according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims.
D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre non limitatif et en faisant référence aux dessins annexés.  Other features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une forme de réalisation particulièrement simplifiée du dispositif selon l'invention.  Figure 1 is a sectional view of a particularly simplified embodiment of the device according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une variante du dispositif selon l'invention dans lequel ladite première poulie est reliée à un système de captation de l'énergie.  Figure 2 is a sectional view of a variant of the device according to the invention wherein said first pulley is connected to a system for capturing energy.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une variante du dispositif selon l'invention dans lequel chaque poulie est reliée à son propre système de captation de l'énergie.  Figure 3 is a sectional view of a variant of the device according to the invention in which each pulley is connected to its own energy capture system.
Sur les figures, les éléments identiques ou analogues portent les mêmes références.  In the figures, identical or similar elements bear the same references.
La présente invention est un dispositif permettant de transformer l'énergie de la houle en énergie mécanique transformable ensuite en énergie électrique.  The present invention is a device for transforming wave energy into mechanical energy which can then be converted into electrical energy.
L'énergie qui fait fonctionner le dispositif est principalement celle de la houle.  The energy that makes the device work is mainly that of the swell.
Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend un premier flotteur 2 agencé pour se mouvoir sous l'effet de la houle et/ou des vagues de la mer 1 , relié à un câble 3 par une première extrémité de celui-ci 3a. Le dispositif comprend une première poulie 5 entraînée par ledit câble 4 lorsque celui-ci est maintenu sous tension à l'aide d'un contre-flotteur 9 (ou deuxième flotteur) au niveau de la deuxième extrémité du câble 3b. Lorsque la poulie 5 est entraînée par le câble 3, elle entraine un système de captation de l'énergie 4. The device according to the invention comprises a first float 2 arranged to move under the effect of the swell and / or waves of the sea 1, connected to a cable 3 by a first end thereof 3a. The device comprises a first pulley 5 driven by said cable 4 when it is kept under tension using a counter-float 9 (or second float) at the second end of the cable 3b. When the pulley 5 is driven by the cable 3, it drives a system for capturing the energy 4.
Avantageusement, le système de captation de l'énergie et la première poulie 5 sont fixés sur le fond de la mer 8, par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'une dalle de béton 7.  Advantageously, the energy capture system and the first pulley 5 are fixed on the bottom of the sea 8, for example by means of a concrete slab 7.
La houle de la mer 1 soulève donc le premier flotteur 2 qui exerce une traction sur le câble 3 dont le mouvement entraine un système de captation de l'énergie 4 par l'intermédiaire de la première poulie. La première section 3c du câble 3 est donc sensiblement verticale. A l'autre extrémité 3b du câble 3 est relié un deuxième flotteur immergé 9 qui tend le câble 3 sur la poulie 5 en compression. L'autre section du câble 3d est dans ce cas-ci parallèle, mais d'orientation inverse (antiparallèle) par rapport à la première section. Lorsque la houle redescend, le premier flotteur 2 descend également et le contre- flotteur 9 soumis à la poussée d'Archimède (qui exerce sur le flotteur une force dirigée vers le haut), maintient le câble 3 en tension. Ce mouvement entraine également système de captation de l'énergie 4, comme par exemple, il pourrait entraîne la rotation d'un générateur conventionnel.  The swell of the sea 1 thus raises the first float 2 which exerts traction on the cable 3 whose movement drives a system for capturing the energy 4 by means of the first pulley. The first section 3c of the cable 3 is therefore substantially vertical. At the other end 3b of the cable 3 is connected a second submerged float 9 which tends the cable 3 on the pulley 5 in compression. The other section of the cable 3d is in this case parallel, but of opposite orientation (antiparallel) compared to the first section. When the swell goes down again, the first float 2 also descends and the counterfloat 9 subjected to buoyancy (which exerts on the float a force directed upwards), keeps the cable 3 in tension. This movement also drives energy capture system 4, as for example, it could lead to the rotation of a conventional generator.
La figure 2 illustre une variante avantageuse selon l'invention qui comprend une deuxième partie 6. Le câble 3 passe donc autour des premières 5 et deuxièmes poulies 6 et l'autre section 3d du câble 3 est alors sensiblement horizontale et perpendiculaire à la première section 3c du câble 3. La première poulie 5 est reliée au générateur 4. Bien entendu, dans une variante selon l'invention, seule la deuxième poulie 6 est reliée audit générateur 4. Le fonctionnement du houlomoteur selon l'invention est identique à ce qui a été décrit pour la figure 1 . FIG. 2 illustrates an advantageous variant according to the invention which comprises a second part 6. The cable 3 therefore passes around the first 5 and second pulleys 6 and the other section 3d of the cable 3 is then substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the first section 3c of the cable 3. The first pulley 5 is connected to the generator 4. Of course, in a variant according to the invention, only the second pulley 6 is connected to said generator 4. The operation of the wave-forming device according to the invention is identical to that described for FIG.
A la figure 3, se trouve une variante selon l'invention dans laquelle chaque poulie est reliée à son propre système de captation de l'énergie 4.  In FIG. 3, there is a variant according to the invention in which each pulley is connected to its own energy capture system 4.
Dans ces 3 formes de réalisation, le câble comprend au moins un premier tronçon 3c et un autre tronçon 3d qui présentent une orientation différente l'un par rapport à l'autre. Ceci permet à la poulie 5 d'exercer une force de compression sur le câble 3 qui est maintenu en tension entre ledit premier et deuxième flotteur 9 (contre-flotteur) immergé.  In these 3 embodiments, the cable comprises at least a first section 3c and another section 3d which have a different orientation relative to each other. This allows the pulley 5 to exert a compressive force on the cable 3 which is held in tension between said first and second submerged float 9 (counter float).
Comme on peut le constater de ce qui précède, le dispositif selon l'invention présente les avantages suivants :  As can be seen from the above, the device according to the invention has the following advantages:
a) Le contre flotteur 9 assure la tension du câble 3,  a) The counter float 9 ensures the tension of the cable 3,
b) Le dispositif s'adapte automatiquement à toutes les variations du niveau de l'eau.  b) The device automatically adapts to all variations of the water level.
c) Le dispositif s'adapte automatiquement aux effets du courant marin  (c) The device automatically adapts to the effects of the ocean current
d) Le dispositif s'adapte automatiquement aux effets du vent Pour capter l'énergie, une poulie 5 ou 6 est par exemple équipée de manière à être une face d'un embrayage magnétique. L'autre face de l'embrayage magnétique est solidaire d'un train de pignons et d'un système de captation de l'énergie comme par exemple une génératrice 4 ainsi que de la commande de l'embrayage magnétique.  d) The device adapts automatically to the effects of wind To capture energy, a pulley 5 or 6 is for example equipped to be a face of a magnetic clutch. The other side of the magnetic clutch is secured to a gear train and an energy capture system such as a generator 4 and the control of the magnetic clutch.
Tous ces éléments se trouvent dans un boîtier étanche fixé à la poutre lestée (7).  All these elements are in a sealed housing fixed to the weighted beam (7).
Si les polymères électro actifs parviennent à maturité et moyennant, s'il échoit, un frein hydraulique à sens unique, ils peuvent également servir à produire l'électricité. On pourrait aussi utiliser selon l'invention des génératrices électriques linéaires ou des dynamos couplées au même frein hydraulique (AEGIR). Bien placés, les freins hydrauliques permettent de diminuer le lest. La même chose s'applique pour un système de turbines placées sur le câble 3. If the electro-active polymers mature and with the help of a one-way hydraulic brake, they can also be used to produce electricity. We could also use the invention of linear electric generators or dynamos coupled to the same hydraulic brake (AEGIR). Well placed, the hydraulic brakes can reduce the ballast. The same applies for a system of turbines placed on the cable 3.
On notera qu'en dehors du flotteur principal, le houlomoteur selon l'invention place tout l'équipement à l'abri des vagues. Pour améliorer la protection du matériel face aux tempêtes, on peut réduire le flotteur de surface 2 au minimum et le relier par le câble 3, à la profondeur idéale, à un autre volume de densité (non illustré) proche de l'eau. Les mouvements de l'eau en profondeur, engendrés par les vagues en surface, déplacent ce volume relié par le câble 3 aux poulies fixées 5,6 sur le socle lesté 7. La captation de l'énergie se fait comme pour la version de base mais, en cas de tempête, le petit flotteur de surface 2 et le volume qui lui est suspendu peuvent être ramenés à la profondeur utile sous l'eau jusqu'à la fin de la tempête.  It will be noted that apart from the main float, the wave-forming machine according to the invention places all the equipment away from the waves. To improve the protection of equipment against storms, the surface float 2 can be reduced to a minimum and connected by cable 3, at the ideal depth, to another density volume (not shown) close to the water. The movements of the water at depth, generated by the waves on the surface, move this volume connected by the cable 3 to the fixed pulleys 5,6 on the weighted base 7. The energy is captured as for the basic version but, in case of a storm, the small surface float 2 and the volume suspended from it can be brought back to the useful depth under water until the end of the storm.
Le système de captation de l'énergie selon l'invention peut être une génératrice, une pompe à eau, un piston immergé, un dispositif à osmose inverse ou encore toute autre combinaison de ceux-ci qui peuvent transformer l'énergie mécanique en toute autre énergie, il peut également comprendre un dispositif d'électrolyse, un système de stockage d'air comprimé, ...  The energy capture system according to the invention can be a generator, a water pump, a submerged piston, a reverse osmosis device or any other combination thereof that can transform the mechanical energy into any other energy, it can also include an electrolysis device, a compressed air storage system, ...
Dans sa version de base, on peut estimer qu'un houlomoteur selon l'invention consommera une centaine de kilos d'équipements métalliques. Le reste peut être élaboré à partir de matériaux de récupération, en particulier les deux flotteurs (2 et 9).  In its basic version, it can be estimated that a wave-forming machine according to the invention will consume a hundred kilograms of metal equipment. The rest can be made from salvage materials, especially the two floats (2 and 9).
On peut estimer qu'à terme le Kwh pourrait coûter 0,01€ en prévoyant 100.000 unités de 25 Kw nominaux sur 40 Km carrés. Le coût minime du dispositif selon l'invention justifierait le stockage partiel de l'électricité sous forme d'air comprimé dans des failles naturelles, comme cela se fait aux USA en lowa pour l'éolien. En ce qui concerne le stockage sous forme d'air comprimé, notons que le rendement pourrait être excellent si on pouvait atteindre de grandes profondeurs : l'air sous pression conserverait sa température, condition d'une détente efficace. Sans cela, il faut soit réchauffer l'air comprimé avec une ressource thermique extérieure, soit comprimer l'air ambiant pour l'échauffer et le mélanger à l'air comprimé stocké dans les failles naturelles au moment de l'utilisation dans la turbine. It can be estimated that in the long term the Kwh could cost 0.01 € by providing 100,000 units of 25 Kw nominals over 40 square km. The minimal cost of the device according to the invention would justify the partial storage of electricity in the form of compressed air in natural faults, as is done in the USA in lowa for wind power. With regard to the storage in the form of compressed air, note that the yield could be excellent if one could reach great depths: the pressurized air would retain its temperature, a condition of effective relaxation. Without this, it is necessary either to heat the compressed air with an external thermal resource, or to compress the ambient air to heat it and to mix it with the compressed air stored in the natural faults at the time of use in the turbine.
Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'est en aucune façon limitée aux formes de réalisations décrites ci-dessus et que bien des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre des revendications annexées. En particulier, il faut envisager que bien souvent, un parc à houlomoteur sera créé comprenant pl usieurs dispositif selon l'invention agissant de concert ou muni de plusieurs poulies.  It is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In particular, it must be considered that very often a wave energy park will be created comprising several devices according to the invention acting in concert or provided with several pulleys.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif de captage de l'énergie de la houle et/ou des vagues (1 ) comprenant au moins une première poulie (5) prévue pour être fixée sur un fond marin (8) ainsi qu'un premier flotteur (2) prévu pour se mouvoir sous l'énergie de la houle et/ou des vagues (1 ), ledit premier flotteur (2) étant relié à une première extrémité (3a) d'un câble (3) se déplaçant sur ladite première poulie (5), sous l'effet de la houle et/ou des vagues (1 ) et entraîner en rotation ladite au moins une première poulie (5), laquelle est reliée à un système de captation de l'énergie (4),  1. Device for collecting wave and / or wave energy (1) comprising at least a first pulley (5) intended to be fixed on a seabed (8) and a first float (2) provided for to move under wave and / or wave energy (1), said first float (2) being connected to a first end (3a) of a cable (3) moving on said first pulley (5), under the effect of the swell and / or the waves (1) and rotate said at least one first pulley (5), which is connected to an energy capture system (4),
caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif comprend en outre un deuxième flotteur immergé (9), relié à l'autre extrémité (3b) dudit câble (3).  characterized in that said device further comprises a second submerged float (9) connected to the other end (3b) of said cable (3).
2. Dispositif de captage selon la revend ication 1 , comprenant en outre, une deuxième poulie (6) prévue pour être fixée sur ledit fond marin (8), ladite deuxième poulie (6) étant également entraînée en rotation par ledit câble (3).  2. Capture device according to claim 1, further comprising a second pulley (6) adapted to be fixed on said seabed (8), said second pulley (6) also being rotated by said cable (3). .
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite deuxième poulie (6) est reliée à un autre système de captation de l'énergie (4).  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second pulley (6) is connected to another energy capture system (4).
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite première poulie (5) et/ou ladite deuxième poulie (6) est (sont) fixée(s) au fond marin (8) par l'intermédiaire d'une dalle de béton (7).  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first pulley (5) and / or said second pulley (6) is (are) fixed (s) to the seabed (8) via a concrete slab (7).
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit câble (3) comprend une première section (3c) sensiblement verticale, entre ladite première poulie (5) et ledit premier flotteur (2) et au moins une autre section (3d) présentant une orientation antiparallèle (3c). 5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said cable (3) comprises a first substantially vertical section (3c) between said first pulley (5) and said first float (2) and at least one other section ( 3d) with antiparallel orientation (3c).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite autre section est une section sensiblement horizontale (3d) entre lesdites premières et deuxième poulies (6). 6. Device according to claim 6, wherein said other section is a substantially horizontal section (3d) between said first and second pulleys (6).
7. Procédé de transformation d'énergie de la houle en énergie électrique comprenant les étapes de:  7. A method of transforming wave energy into electrical energy comprising the steps of:
captage du mouvement de la houle (1) par un premier flotteur (2)  sensing the movement of the swell (1) by a first float (2)
entraînement d'au moins une première poulie en rotation par un câble (3) au moins relié à une première extrémité (3a) audit premier flotteur (2),  driving at least a first rotating pulley by a cable (3) at least connected to a first end (3a) to said first float (2),
transformation du mouvement de rotation en énergie caractérisé en ce que ledit entraînement de la dite première poulie (5) en rotation est effectué par une mise sous tension dudit câble (3) par la présence à une deuxième extrémité (3b) de celui-ci d'un deuxième flotteur (9), immergé.  transformation of the rotational movement into energy, characterized in that said driving of said first rotating pulley (5) is effected by putting said cable (3) under tension by the presence at a second end (3b) thereof. a second float (9), immersed.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, comprenant un entraînement d'une deuxième poulie (6) en rotation par un câble (3) au moins relié à une première extrémité (3a) audit premier flotteur (2).  8. The method of claim 7, comprising a drive of a second pulley (6) in rotation by a cable (3) at least connected to a first end (3a) to said first float (2).
PCT/EP2010/066952 2009-11-06 2010-11-05 Wave energy converter having a counter-float WO2011054946A2 (en)

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CN103133233A (en) * 2011-11-23 2013-06-05 青岛天力建筑加固工程有限公司 Layering multilevel energy absorption wave removing device
CN105937478A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-14 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and method
CN105952575A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-21 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and control method
CN105952576A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-21 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and method
CN106014840A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and control method of wave power generation device
CN106401853A (en) * 2016-10-17 2017-02-15 浙江海洋大学 Swing type wave power generation equipment
RU224805U1 (en) * 2023-12-22 2024-04-05 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения" Float wave power station

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103133233A (en) * 2011-11-23 2013-06-05 青岛天力建筑加固工程有限公司 Layering multilevel energy absorption wave removing device
CN105937478A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-14 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and method
CN105952575A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-21 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and control method
CN105952576A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-09-21 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and method
CN106014840A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-12 浙江工业大学 Wave power generation device and control method of wave power generation device
CN105952575B (en) * 2016-06-28 2018-06-26 浙江工业大学 A kind of wave-power device and control method
CN105937478B (en) * 2016-06-28 2018-06-26 浙江工业大学 A kind of wave-power device and method
CN105952576B (en) * 2016-06-28 2018-06-26 浙江工业大学 Wave-power device and method
CN106014840B (en) * 2016-06-28 2018-08-14 浙江工业大学 Wave-power device and control method
CN106401853A (en) * 2016-10-17 2017-02-15 浙江海洋大学 Swing type wave power generation equipment
RU224805U1 (en) * 2023-12-22 2024-04-05 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения" Float wave power station

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