WO2011041399A2 - Pi3k (delta) selective inhibitors - Google Patents

Pi3k (delta) selective inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011041399A2
WO2011041399A2 PCT/US2010/050702 US2010050702W WO2011041399A2 WO 2011041399 A2 WO2011041399 A2 WO 2011041399A2 US 2010050702 W US2010050702 W US 2010050702W WO 2011041399 A2 WO2011041399 A2 WO 2011041399A2
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compound
difluoromethyl
morpholin
alkyl
heterocyclo
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PCT/US2010/050702
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French (fr)
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WO2011041399A3 (en
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Congxin Liang
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Tyrogenex, Inc.
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Priority to CA2775942A priority Critical patent/CA2775942A1/en
Priority to AU2010300719A priority patent/AU2010300719A1/en
Priority to JP2012531120A priority patent/JP2013505965A/en
Priority to CN2010800527768A priority patent/CN102741253A/en
Priority to US13/498,770 priority patent/US8569296B2/en
Priority to EP10821162.4A priority patent/EP2483272A4/en
Publication of WO2011041399A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011041399A2/en
Publication of WO2011041399A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011041399A3/en
Priority to US14/065,195 priority patent/US20140051699A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
    • C07D473/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
    • C07D473/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6
    • C07D473/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6 two nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel PI3K, especially ⁇ 3 ⁇ (PI3K delta), selective inhibitors, compositions comprising a PI3K or PI3K6 selective inhibitor, and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions associated with PI3K or PI3K5 modulation.
  • novel PI3K especially ⁇ 3 ⁇ (PI3K delta), selective inhibitors, compositions comprising a PI3K or PI3K6 selective inhibitor, and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions associated with PI3K or PI3K5 modulation.
  • Phosphatidylinositol (hereinafter abbreviated as "PI") is one of a number of phospholipids found in cell membranes. In recent years it has become clear that PI plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction. In the late 1980s, a PI3 kinase (PI3K) was found to be an enzyme which phosphorylates the 3-position of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (D. Whitman et al, 1988, Nature, 332, 664).
  • PI3K was originally considered to be a single enzyme, but it has now been clarified that a plurality of subtypes are present in PI3K. Each subtype has its own mechanism for regulating activity.
  • Three major classes of PDKs have been identified on the basis of their in vitro substrate specificity (B. Vanhaesebroeck, 1997, Trend in Biol. Sci, 22, 267).
  • Substrates for class I PDKs are PI, PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) and PI 4,5-biphosphate (PI (4,5)P2).
  • Class I PDKs are further divided into two groups, class la and class lb, in terms of their activation mechanism.
  • Class la PDKs include PDK PI 10a, pi 10 ⁇ and pi 10 ⁇ subtypes, which transmit signals from tyrosine kinase- coupled receptors.
  • Class lb PDK includes a pi 10 ⁇ subtype activated by a G protein- coupled receptor.
  • PI and PI(4)P are known as substrates for class II PDKs.
  • Class ⁇ PI3Ks include PI3K C2a, 02 ⁇ and C2y subtypes, which are characterized by containing C2 domains at the C terminus. The substrate for class HI PI3Ks is PI only.
  • the class la subtype has been most extensively investigated to date.
  • the three subtypes of class la are heterodimers of a catalytic 110 kDa subunit and regulatory subunits of 85 kDa or 55 kDa.
  • the regulatory subunits contain SH2 domains and bind to tyrosine residues phosphorylated by growth factor receptors with a tyrosine kinase activity or oncogene products, thereby inducing the PI3 activity of the pi 10 catalytic subunit which phosphorylates its lipid substrate.
  • the class la subtypes are considered to be associated with cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
  • Cy is an unsaturated or a ⁇ romat0ic, mono or fused ring.
  • morpholine based PI3K inhibitors [7] In the above examples, the morpholine group was considered essential for the PI3K inhibitory activities. In WO2007/132171, the morpholine group was replaced by a heteroaryl group.
  • Class 1 PI3K isoforms particularly when is 2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1-yl.
  • This invention further extends our search for more potent and selective PI3K5 inhibitors according to Formula III and other bicyclo heteroaryls. Surprisingly, we found that certain substitutions of Formula III lead to compounds with different PI3K kinase selectivity profiles.
  • PI3K5 is preferentially expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. In mice carrying PI3K6 null or catalytically inactive mutations, defects in B cell functions such as BCR-mediated signaling, response to antigens, and reduced levels of circulating immunoglobulins have been reported. PI3K5 plays an essential role in certain signaling pathways of neutrophil activation and appears to be an attractive target for the development of an anti-inflammatory therapeutic (Sadhu et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communications 308, 764, 2003).
  • the invention relates to novel compounds as PI3K, especially PI3K5, selective inhibitors, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compound compositions.
  • the compounds and compositions comprising them are useful for treating or preventing disease or disease symptoms, including those mediated by or associated with PI3K or PI3K5 activities.
  • the present invention provides compounds of Formula IVa or IVb:
  • X is N or CR
  • a and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z 3
  • R, Ri, and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z3;
  • Z 3 ⁇ 4 is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or
  • any two of Zi, Z 2 , and Z 3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
  • Z 4 and Z5 are each independently
  • Z11 and Zi 2 are each independently
  • each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
  • Zn, Z i8 , Z19 or Z 20 may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22; where Zn and Zi 8 , or Z19 and Z20, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22; and
  • any two of Zi 8 , Z19 or Z20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22.
  • X is N or CR
  • a and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z 3
  • R, R], and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z 3 ;
  • any two of Zi, Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
  • Z4 and Z5 are each independently
  • Z11 and Zi 2 are each independently
  • each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
  • Zn, Zi 8 , Z1 or Z 20 may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z 22 ;
  • Zn and Zi 8 , or Z19 and Z 20 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z 22 ;
  • any two of Zi 8 , Z19 or Z 20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z 22 .
  • the compounds of this invention, and compositions comprising them, are useful for treating or lessening the severity of PI3K modulated diseases, disorders, or symptoms thereof.
  • the invention relates to a method of treating a disease or disease symptom in a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any formulae herein, or pharmaceutical salt, solvate or hydrate thereof (or composition thereof)-
  • the disease or disease symptom can be any of those modulated by a PI3K.
  • the disease or disease symptom can be, for example, cancer, inflammation, or cardiovascular disease or disorder.
  • ameliorate and “treat” are used interchangeably and both mean decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease (e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein).
  • disease is meant any condition or disorder that damages or interferes with the normal function of a cell, tissue, or organ.
  • marker is meant any alteration that is associated with a disease or disorder.
  • the term "compound” as used herein, is also intended to include salts, prodrugs, and prodrug salts of a compound of formulae herein.
  • the term also includes any solvates, hydrates, and polymorphs of any of the foregoing.
  • the specific recitation of "prodrug,” “prodrug salt,” “solvate,” “hydrate,” or “polymorph” in certain aspects of the invention described in this application shall not be interpreted as an intended omission of these forms in other aspects of the invention where the term “compound” is used without recitation of these other forms.
  • a salt of a compound of this invention is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
  • the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
  • prodrug means a derivative of a compound that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide a compound of this invention.
  • Prodrugs may only become active upon such reaction under biological conditions, or they may have activity in their unreacted forms.
  • Examples of prodrugs contemplated in this invention include, but are not limited to, analogs or derivatives of compounds of any one of the formulae disclosed herein that comprise biohydrolyzable moieties such as amides, esters, carbamates, carbonates, and phosphate analogues.
  • Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (1995) 172-178, 949-982
  • biohydrolyzable moiety means a functional group (e.g., amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, or phosphate) analogue, that either: 1) does not destroy the biological activity of the compound and confers upon that compound advantageous properties in vivo, such as uptake, duration of action, or onset of action; or 2) is itself biologically inactive but is converted in vivo to a biologically active compound.
  • a functional group e.g., amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, or phosphate
  • a prodrug salt is a compound formed between an acid and a basic group of the prodrug, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the prodrug, such as a carboxyl functional group.
  • the prodrug salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • prodrugs and prodrug salts are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal (e.g., by allowing an orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into the blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or central nervous system) relative to the parent species.
  • Preferred prodrugs include derivatives where a group that enhances aqueous solubility or active transport through the gut membrane is appended to the structure of formulae described herein. See, e.g., Alexander, J. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1988, 31, 318-322; Bundgaard, H. Design of Prodrugs; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1985; pp 1-92; Bundgaard, H.; Nielsen, N. M.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound or a prodrug of a compound of this invention.
  • Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, lactic, oxalic, para-bromophenylsulfonic, carbonic, succinic, citric, benzoic and acetic acid, and related inorganic and organic acids.
  • Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate,
  • Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and especially those formed with organic acids such as maleic acid.
  • Suitable bases for forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts with acidic functional groups of prodrugs of this invention include, but are not limited to, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium; hydroxides of alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium; hydroxides of other metals, such as aluminum and zinc; ammonia, and organic amines, such as unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or trialkylamines; dicyclohexylamine; tributyl amine; pyridine; N-methyl,N-ethylamine; diethylamine; triethylamine; mono-, bis-, or tris-(2- hydroxy-lower alkyl amines), such as mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2- hydroxy-tert-butylamine, or tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N, N,-di-lower alkyl- N-(hydroxy lower)
  • hydrate means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • solvate means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of solvent such as water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, or the like, bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • polymorph means solid crystalline forms of a compound or complex thereof which may be characterized by physical means such as, for instance, X-ray powder diffraction patterns or infrared spectroscopy. Different polymorphs of the same compound can exhibit different physical, chemical and/or spectroscopic properties. Different physical properties include, but are not limited to stability (e.g., to heat, light or moisture), compressibility and density (important in formulation and product manufacturing), hygroscopicity, solubility, and dissolution rates (which can affect bioavailability).
  • Differences in stability can result from changes in chemical reactivity (e.g., differential oxidation, such that a dosage form discolors more rapidly when comprised of one polymorph than when comprised of another polymorph) or mechanical characteristics (e.g., tablets crumble on storage as a kinetically favored polymorph converts to thermodynamically more stable polymorph) or both (e.g., tablets of one polymorph are more susceptible to breakdown at high humidity).
  • chemical reactivity e.g., differential oxidation, such that a dosage form discolors more rapidly when comprised of one polymorph than when comprised of another polymorph
  • mechanical characteristics e.g., tablets crumble on storage as a kinetically favored polymorph converts to thermodynamically more stable polymorph
  • both e.g., tablets of one polymorph are more susceptible to breakdown at high humidity.
  • Different physical properties of polymorphs can affect their processing. For example, one polymorph might be more likely to form solvates or might be more difficult to filter or wash free of impurities than another
  • substantially free of other stereoisomers means less than 25% of other stereoisomers, preferably less than 10% of other stereoisomers, more preferably less than 5% of other stereoisomers and most preferably less than 2% of other stereoisomers, or less than "X"% of other stereoisomers (wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive) are present.
  • Methods of obtaining or synthesizing diastereomers are well known in the art and may be applied as practicable to final compounds or to starting material or intermediates. Other embodiments are those wherein the compound is an isolated compound.
  • at least X% enantiomerically enriched as used herein means that at least X% of the compound is a single enantiomeric form, wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive.
  • stable compounds refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow manufacture and which maintain the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., formulation into therapeutic products, intermediates for use in production of therapeutic compounds, isolatable or storable intermediate compounds, treating a disease or condition responsive to therapeutic agents).
  • Stepoisomer refers to both enantiomers and diastereomers.
  • halo or halogen refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • alk or "alkyl” refer to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the expression “lower alkyl” refers to alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms (inclusive).
  • arylalkyl refers to a moiety in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl group.
  • alkenyl refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one double bond. Where an alkenyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a double bond.
  • alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl radical.
  • alkylenedioxo refers to a divalent species of the structure -0-R-0-, in which R represents an alkylene.
  • alkynyl refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one triple bond. Where an alkynyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a triple bond.
  • alkylene refers to a divalent straight chain bridge of 1 to 5 carbon atoms connected by single bonds (e.g., -(CH 2 ) X - , wherein x is 1 to 5), which may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • alkenylene refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms having one or two double bonds that is connected by single bonds and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • alkynylene refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has a triple bond therein, is connected by single bonds, and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • cycloalkyl and “cycloalkenyl” as employed herein includes saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic, respectively, hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 12 carbons, preferably 3 to 8 carbons, and more preferably 3 to 6 carbon.
  • Ar or “aryl” refer to aromatic cyclic groups (for example 6 membered monocyclic, 10 membered bicyclic or 14 membered tricyclic ring systems) which contain 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and anthracene.
  • Heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms) group of 5 to 12 ring atoms containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, the remaining ring atoms being C, and, in addition,. having a completely conjugated pi-electron system, wherein 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent.
  • heteroaryl groups examples, without limitation, of heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinazoline, isoquinoline, purine and carbazole.
  • heterocycle refers to fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups, for example, 3 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 12 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, wherein 0, 1, 2 or 3 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent.
  • Each ring of the heterocyclic group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized.
  • the heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system.
  • substituted refers to a group “substituted” on any functional group delineated herein, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group at any atom of that group.
  • functional group delineated herein e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, can be substituted with a substituent (e.g., those listed below).
  • Suitable substituents include, without limitation halogen, CN, N0 2 , OR 100 , SR 100 , S(0) 2 OR 100 , NR 100 R 101 , Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl, C,-C 2 perfluoroalkoxy, 1 ,2- methylenedioxy, C(O)OR 10 °, C(O)NR 100 R 101 , OC(O)NR 100 R 101 , NR I00 C(O)NR 100 R 101 , C(NR 10I )NR 100 R 101 , NR 100 C(NR 101 )NR 100 R 101 , S(O) 2 NR 100 R 10 ⁇ R 102 , C(0)R 102 , NR 100 C(O)R 102 , S(0)R 102 , S(0) 2 R 102 , R 101 , oxo, C(0)R 101 , C(0)(CH 2 )nOH,
  • each R 100 is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
  • Each R is independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkyl substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
  • Each R 102 is independently C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkyl substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
  • Each C3- ; cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and C1-C4 alkyl in each R 100 , R 101 and R 102 can optionally be substituted with halogen, CN, C1-C4 alkyl, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, NH 2 , C1-C4 alkylamino, C1-C4 dialkylamino, d- C 2 perfluoroalkyl, Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkoxy, or 1,2-methylenedioxy.
  • oxo refers to an oxygen atom, which forms a carbonyl when attached to carbon, an N-oxide when attached to nitrogen, and a sulfoxide or sulfone when attached to sulfur.
  • acyl refers to an alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, or heteroarylcarbonyl substituent, any of which may be further substituted by substituents.
  • the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers and diastereomeric mixtures. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein. All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystal forms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a compound of Formula IVa or IVb:
  • X is N or CR
  • a and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z 3
  • R, Ri, and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z 3 ;
  • Zf is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl,
  • cycloalkylalkyl cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl;
  • any two ofZ, Z2, and Z 3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
  • Z4 and Z5 are each independently
  • Z11 and Z12 are each independently
  • each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
  • each Zi7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, ⁇ cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl;
  • each Zi8 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl;
  • each Zi9 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,
  • Zn, Zi 8 , Z19 or Z 20 may be substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z 22 ;
  • Zn and Zi 8 , or Z ⁇ g and Z 20 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z 22 ;
  • any two of Zi 8 , Z19 or Z 20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent
  • the compounds are of any of the Formula IVc:
  • R ⁇ and R 2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVa.
  • the compounds are of any of the Formula IVd:
  • Ri and R 2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R 3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zj, Z 2 and Z 3 as defined for Formula IVa.
  • the compounds are of any of the Formula IVe:
  • Ri and R 2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVa.
  • the compounds are of any of the Formula IVf:
  • X, Ri and R 2 are as defined for Formula IVb; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z 2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVb.
  • the compounds are of any of the Formula IVg:
  • R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Z ⁇ , Z 2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVb.
  • the compound is a compound of Table 1.
  • the compound is one of:
  • the compound is one of:
  • the compound is one of:
  • the synthetic methods described herein may also additionally include steps, either before or after any of the steps described in any scheme, to add or remove suitable protecting groups in order to ultimately allow synthesis of the compound of the formulae described herein.
  • the methods delineated herein contemplate converting compounds of one formula to compounds of another formula.
  • the process of converting refers to one or more chemical transformations, which can be performed in situ, or with isolation of intermediate compounds.
  • the transformations can include reacting the starting compounds or intermediates with additional reagents using techniques and protocols known in the art, including those in the references cited herein.
  • Intermediates can be used with or without purification (e.g., filtration, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, trituration, solid phase extraction, and chromatography).
  • compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug, if applicable, of said compound; and an acceptable carrier.
  • a composition of this invention is formulated for pharmaceutical use ("a pharmaceutical composition"), wherein the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and, in the case of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, not deleterious to the recipient thereof in amounts typically used in medicaments.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene- polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
  • ion exchangers alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin
  • serum proteins such as human serum albumin
  • buffer substances such as phosphate
  • compositions of the invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration.
  • the compound of the formulae herein is administered transdermally (e.g., using a transdermal patch).
  • Other formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., tablets and sustained release capsules, and in liposomes, and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA (17th ed. 1985).
  • Such preparative methods include the step of bringing into association with the molecule to be administered ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, liposomes or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product.
  • the compound is administered orally.
  • compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or packed in liposomes and as a bolus, etc.
  • Soft gelatin capsules can be useful for containing such suspensions, which may beneficially increase the rate of compound absorption.
  • a tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface-active or dispersing agent.
  • Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets optionally may be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein.
  • compositions of pharmaceutically active ingredients are known in the art and described in several issued US Patents, some of which include, but are not limited to, US Patent Nos. 4,369,172; and 4,842,866, and references cited therein.
  • Coatings can be used for delivery of compounds to the intestine (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 6,638,534, 5,217,720, and 6,569,457, 6,461,631, 6,528,080, 6,800,663, and references cited therein).
  • a useful formulation for the compounds of this invention is the form of enteric pellets of which the enteric layer comprises
  • hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration include lozenges comprising the ingredients in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and nonaqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
  • Such injection solutions may be in the form, for example, of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
  • This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3- butanediol.
  • suitable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • ⁇ sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluerit or dispersant.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
  • Topical administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is especially useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application.
  • the pharmaceutical composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches and iontophoretic administration are also included in this invention.
  • Particularly favored derivatives and prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal (e.g., by allowing an orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into the blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or central nervous system) relative to the parent species.
  • Preferred prodrugs include derivatives where a group that enhances aqueous solubility or active transport through the gut membrane is appended to the structure of formulae described herein. See, e.g., Alexander, J. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1988, 31, 318-322; Bundgaard, H.
  • Application of the subject therapeutics may be local, so as to be administered at the site of interest.
  • Various techniques can be used for providing the subject compositions at the site of interest, such as injection, use of catheters, trocars, projectiles, pluronic gel, stents, sustained drug release polymers or other device which provides for internal access.
  • the invention provides a method of impregnating an implantable drug release device comprising the step of contacting said drug release device with a compound or composition of this invention.
  • Implantable drug release devices include, but are not limited to, biodegradable polymer capsules or bullets, non-degradable, diffusible polymer capsules and biodegradable polymer wafers.
  • the invention provides an implantable medical device coated with a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is therapeutically active.
  • a composition of the present invention further comprises a second therapeutic agent.
  • the second therapeutic agent includes any compound or therapeutic agent known to have or that demonstrates advantageous properties when administered alone or with a compound of any of the formulae herein.
  • Drugs that could be usefully combined with these compounds include other kinase inhibitors and/or other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of the diseases and disorders discussed above.
  • the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from cancer.
  • the second therapeutic agent co-formulated with a compound of this invention is an agent useful in the treatment of PI3K-mediated disease/disorders such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders.
  • the invention provides separate dosage forms of a compound of this invention and a second therapeutic agent that are associated with one another.
  • association with one another means that the separate dosage forms are packaged together or otherwise attached to one another such that it is readily apparent that the separate dosage forms are intended to be sold and administered together (within less than 24 hours of one another, consecutively or simultaneously).
  • the compound of the present invention is present in an effective amount.
  • the term is a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration or progression of the disorder being treated, prevent the advancement of the disorder being treated, cause the regression of the disorder being treated, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy.
  • Effective doses will also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the diseases treated, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, the sex, age and general health condition of the patient, excipient usage, the possibility of co-usage with other therapeutic treatments such as use of other agents and the judgment of the treating physician.
  • an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is between about 20% and 100% of the dosage normally utilized in a monotherapy regime using just that agent.
  • an effective amount is between about 70% and 100% of the normal monotherapeutic dose.
  • the normal monotherapeutic dosages of these second therapeutic agents are well known in the art. See, e.g., Wells et al., eds.,
  • the invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or disorder or symptom thereof (e.g., those delineated herein) comprising the step of administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound or a composition of this invention.
  • a disease or disorder or symptom thereof e.g., those delineated herein
  • Such diseases are well known in the art and are also disclosed herein.
  • the method of treating involves treatment of a disorder that is mediated by one or many of the PI3K (e.g., the disease is mediated by PI-3K5).
  • the method of this invention is used to treat a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or condition such as discussed by Drees et al in Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2004) 14(5):703 -732.
  • a disease or condition such as discussed by Drees et al in Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2004) 14(5):703 -732.
  • These include cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders. Examples of metabolism/endocrine disorders include diabetes and obesity.
  • cancers which the present compounds can be used to treat include leukemia, brain tumors, renal cancer, gastric cancer and cancer of the skin, bladder, breast, uterus, lung, colon, prostate, ovary and pancreas.
  • a human or animal patient suffering from an immune disorder, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, a metabolism/endocrine disorder or a neurological disorders may thus be treated by a method comprising the administration thereto of a compound of the present invention as defined above. The condition of the patient may thereby be improved or ameliorated.
  • Diseases and conditions treatable according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, cancer, stroke, diabetes, hepatomegaly, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, viral disease, autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, restenosis, psoriasis, allergic disorders, inflammation, neurological disorders, a hormone-related disease, conditions associated with organ
  • Cancers which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, breast, ovary, cervix, prostate, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, stomach, skin,
  • keratoacanthoma lung, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, bone, colon, adenoma, pancreas, adenocarcinoma, thyroid, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, liver carcinoma and biliary passages, kidney carcinoma, myeloid disorders, lymphoid disorders, hairy cells, buccal cavity and pharynx (oral), lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx, small intestine, colonrectum, large intestine, rectum, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin's and leukemia.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma
  • small cell carcinoma lung adenocarcinoma, bone, colon, adenoma, pancreas, adenocarcinoma, thyroid, follicular carcinoma, un
  • Cardiovascular diseases which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, restenosis, cardiomegaly, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure.
  • Neurodegenerative disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative disease caused by traumatic injury, glutamate neurotoxicity and hypoxia.
  • Inflammatory diseases which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Methods delineated herein include those wherein the subject is identified as in need of a particular stated treatment. Identifying a subject in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a subject or a health care professional and can be subjective (e.g. opinion) or objective (e.g. measurable by a test or diagnostic method).
  • the invention provides a method of modulating the activity of a PI3K in a cell comprising contacting a cell with one or more compounds of any of the formulae herein.
  • the above method of treatment comprises the further step of co-administering to said patient one or more second therapeutic agents.
  • the choice of second therapeutic agent may be made from any second therapeutic agent known to be useful for indications herein.
  • co-administered means that the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with a compound of this invention as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms. Alternatively, the additional agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of a compound of this invention. In such combination therapy treatment, both the compounds of this invention and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by conventional methods.
  • composition of this invention comprising both a compound of the invention and a second therapeutic agent to a subject does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or any compound of this invention to said subject at another time during a course of treatment.
  • the effective amount of the compound of this invention is less than its effective amount would be where the second therapeutic agent is not administered. In another embodiment, the effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is less than its effective amount would be where the compound of this invention is not administered. In this way, undesired side effects associated with high doses of either agent may be minimized. Other potential advantages (including without limitation improved dosing regimens and/or reduced drug cost) will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
  • the invention provides the use of a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) alone or together with one or more of the above-described second therapeutic agents in the manufacture of a medicament, either as a single composition or as separate dosage forms, for treatment or prevention in a subject of a disease, disorder or symptom set forth above.
  • a compound of the formulae herein for use in the treatment or prevention in a subject of a disease, disorder or symptom thereof delineated herein.
  • the methods herein include those further comprising monitoring subject response to the treatment administrations.
  • monitoring may include periodic sampling of subject tissue, fluids, specimens, cells, proteins,, chemical markers, genetic materials, etc. as markers or indicators of the treatment regimen.
  • the subject is prescreened or identified as in need of such treatment by assessment for a relevant marker or indicator of suitability for such treatment.
  • the invention provides a method of monitoring treatment progress.
  • the method includes the step of determining a level of diagnostic marker (Marker) (e.g., any target or cell type delineated herein modulated by a compound herein) or diagnostic measurement (e.g., screen, assay) in a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disorder or symptoms thereof delineated herein, in which the subject has been administered a therapeutic amount of a compound herein sufficient to treat the disease or symptoms thereof.
  • the level of Marker determined in the method can be compared to known levels of Marker in either healthy normal controls or in other afflicted patients to establish the subject's disease status.
  • a second level of Marker in the subject is determined at a time point later than the determination of the first level, and the two levels are compared to monitor the course of disease or the efficacy of the therapy.
  • a pre- treatment level of Marker in the subject is determined prior to beginning treatment according to this invention; this pre-treatment level of Marker can then be compared to the level of Marker in the subject after the treatment commences, to determine the efficacy of the treatment.
  • a level of Marker or Marker activity in a subject is determined at least once. Comparison of Marker levels, e.g., to another measurement of Marker level obtained previously or subsequently from the same patient, another patient, or a normal subject, may be useful in determining whether therapy according to the invention is having the desired effect, and thereby permitting adjustment of dosage levels as appropriate. Determination of Marker levels may be performed using any suitable sampling/expression assay method known in the art or described herein. Preferably, a tissue or fluid sample is first removed from a subject. Examples of suitable samples include blood, urine, tissue, mouth or cheek cells, and hair samples containing roots. Other suitable samples would be known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Determination of protein levels and/or mRNA levels (e.g., Marker levels) in the sample can be performed using any suitable technique known in the art, including, but not limited to, enzyme immunoassay, ELISA, radiolabelling/assay techniques, blotting/chemiluminescence methods, real-time PCR, and the like.
  • kits for use to treat diseases, disorders, or symptoms thereof, including those delineated herein comprise: a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is in a container; and b) instructions describing a method of using the pharmaceutical composition to treat the disease, disorder, or symptoms thereof, including those delineated herein.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is in a container; and b) instructions describing a method of using the pharmaceutical composition to treat the disease, disorder, or symptoms thereof, including those delineated herein.
  • the container may be any vessel or other sealed or sealable apparatus that can hold said pharmaceutical composition.
  • Examples include bottles, divided or multi- chambered holders bottles, wherein each division or chamber comprises a single dose of said composition, a divided foil packet wherein each division comprises a single dose of said composition, or a dispenser that dispenses single doses of said composition.
  • the container can be in any conventional shape or form as known in the art which is made of a pharmaceutically acceptable material, for example a paper or cardboard box, a glass or plastic bottle or jar, a re-sealable bag (for example, to hold a "refill" of tablets for placement into a different container), or a blister pack with individual doses for pressing out of the pack according to a therapeutic schedule.
  • the container employed can depend on the exact dosage form involved, for example a conventional cardboard box would not generally be used to hold a liquid suspension. It is feasible that more than one container can be used together in a single package to market a single dosage form.
  • tablets may be contained in a bottle, which is in turn contained within a box.
  • the container is a blister pack.
  • the kit may additionally comprising information and/or instructions for the physician, pharmacist or subject.
  • Such memory aids include numbers printed on each chamber or division containing a dosage that corresponds with the days of the regimen which the tablets or capsules so specified should be ingested, or days of the week printed on each chamber or division, or a card which contains the same type of information.
  • Step 3 A solution of le in morpholine (lOmL) was heated at 80 °C for lh and evaporated under vacuum to provide crude If which was used for next step without further purification.
  • Step 4 To a suspension of If in methanol was added a solution of HCl/Et20 (2.5N, lOmL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight, then evaporated to provide lg.
  • Step 5 To a mixture of lg and Et 3 N in DCM was added MsCl under ice-bath. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 hours, and then evaporated. The residue was triturated with methanol and filtered to provide 1 (305mg, 78.1% from le).
  • Step 2 The procedure from 2b to 2c was similar to that of lc to le which provided 2c (47mg, 13%).
  • Step 3 The procedure from 2c to 2 was similar to that of le to If which provided 2 (52mg, 98%).
  • EXAMPLE 3 6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-9- (tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-9H-purine
  • Step 1 DIAD (2.38g, 11.9mmol, 1.5eq) was added dropwise to a solution of 3a
  • Step 3 A mixture of 3c (350mg, 0.866mmol, leq), Et 3 N(0.18ml,1.30mmol,1.5eq), and morpholine (75mg,0.866mmol, 1 eq) in EtOH(lOmL) was stirred at 70°C overnight. The resulting solid was collected by filtration to afford compound 3
  • Step 1 DIAD (2.5g, 13mmol, 1.2eq) was added drop-wise to a solution of 4a (lmL, l lmmol, l. leq), la (2g, lOmmol, leq) and PPh 3 (3.3g,13mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (20mL) under N2 at 0°C. Then the mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 4b (1.5g, yield: 57%).
  • Step 1 A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (3.9g, 20mmol, leq), TsOH.H 2 0 (117mg, 0.61mmol) and 2H-3,4-dihydropyran (4.6mL, 50mmol, 2.5eq) in ethyl acetate was heated to 50°C for 2h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5a (5.0g, yield: 95%) as a white solid.
  • Step 2 NaH (60%, l . lg, 45.8mmol, 1.5eq) was added protion-wise to a solution of compound Id (3.4g, 20.1mmol, l .leq) in DMF(50mL) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at r.t for 45min.
  • Compound 5a (5.0g, 18.3mmol, leq) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at r.t over weekend. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with water for 3 times, dried, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5b (3.4g, yield: 45.8%) as a white solid.
  • Step 3 A mixture of 5b (3g, 7.43mmol, leq), Et3N (1.54mL, 1.5eq) and morpholine (0.78g, 1.2eq) in ethanol(150mL) was heated to 70 °C overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and water was added, the resulting precipitate was collected and washed with ethanol to give 5c (3.3g, yield: 97.6%).
  • Step 4 A mixture of 5c (3.3g, 7.25mmol,1.0eq) in HCl/EA(40mL ) was stirred at 0°C for 30min, and then warmed to room temperature for 1.5h. The mixture was filtered and the yellow solid was washed with aq. NaHC03 to give 5d (2.52g, yield: 93.7%) as a white solid.
  • Step 5 A mixture of 5d (2.52g, 6.79mmol, leq), 2C03 (2.8g, 20.37mmol, 3eq), methyl 2-bromopropanoate (1.7g, 10.19mmol, 1.5eq), Cul (778.4mg, 4.07mmol, 0.6eq) in CH 3 CN(150mL) was heated to reflux for 4h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5e (1.8g, yield: 57.9%) as a yellow solid.
  • Step 6 To a suspension of LiAlH4(179.2mg, 4.72mmol, 1.2eq) in THF(45mL) was added 5e (1.8g, 3.93mmol, leq) in THF(5mL) at 0 ⁇ 5°C and the mixture was stirred at for lh. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and water was added to the residue in an ice-bath. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the water phase was filtered and extracted with ether acetate again, the organic layers were combined and dried, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give compound 5 (lg, yield: 59.3%) as a light red solid.
  • Step 1 A mixture of 5b (202mg, 0.5mmol, leq), 8-oxa-3- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane.HCl (85mg, 0.57mmol, 1.14eq) and Cs 2 C0 3 (489mg, l.Smmol, 3eq) in DMF(6mL) was stirred at 80°C for 2 hr. The mixture was poured into ice-water, the resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with water to give compound 6a (170mg, yield: 70%) as a white solid.
  • Step 2 A mixture of 6a (80mg, 0.17mmol,1.0eq) in HCl/EA(3mL ) was stirred at 0°C for 30min. The mixture was adjusted pH to 8-9 with aq. NaHC03 and extracted with EA 3 times. The combined organic layers were dried, filtered and concentrated to give 6b (54mg, yield: 81.8%).
  • Step 3 A mixture of 6b (54mg, 0.13mmol, leq), K 2 C0 3 (56.3mg, 0.39mmol, 3eq), methyl 2-bromopropanoate (34.1mg, 0.20mmol, 1.5eq), Cul(15.6mg, 0.08mmol, 0.6eq) in CH 3 CN(5mL) was heated to reflux for overnight. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give 6c (29mg, yield: 44.2%).
  • Step 4 To a suspension of LiAlH4(5mg, 0.12mmol, 2.0eq) in THF(5mL) was added 6c (29mg, 0.06mmol, leq) in THF(0.5mL) at 0-5°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for lh. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and water was added to the residue in an ice-bath. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times, the combined organic layers were dried, concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give compound 6 (7mg, yield: 26%).
  • Step 1 7a (2g, 20mmol) and 7b (2.64g, 20mmol) in methanol (75mL) was stirred at r.t. for 1.5h. The solvent was evaporated to afford 7c which was used for next step directly.
  • Step 2 NaBH 3 CN (1.26g, 20mmol) was added slowly to a solution of 7c obtained above in 50% acetic acid (70mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5h at r.t., neutralized with IN NaOH and extracted with DCM. The extract was washed with sat. NaHC0 3 , dried and evaporated to give 7d (4.3g, ca. 100%) as a white solid. TFA (23g, 0.2mol) was added to a solution of 7d in DCM (30mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2h and evaporated to dryness to provide 7e (6.8g) which was used for next step directly.
  • Step 5 The procedure from 7h to 7 was similar to that of Example 3 (630mg).
  • 1H- NMR (300MHz, DMSO-cfc): 6 1.89-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 3.57 (t, 2H), 3.70-3.87 (m, 8H), 3.99-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.86-4.94 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.92- 7.94 (m, 2H).
  • LC-MS [M+H] + 456.1.
  • Step 1 The procedure from 8a to 8e was similar to that of 7a to 7g which provided 8e (6.14g, 75.6% from 8a).
  • Step 2 The procedure from 8e to 8g was similar to that of lc to If which provided 8g (1.04g, 71 % from 70e).
  • Step 3 To a solution of 8g (2.08g, 3.54mmol) in methanol (200mL) and DCM (lOOmL) was added 800mg of 10% Pd/C. The mixture was degassed for three times with N 2 , and hydrogenated under H 2 atmosphere over night. After removing Pd/C by filtration, the reaction was evaporated and dried to give 8h (800mg, 100%).
  • Step 4 The procedure from 8h to 8 was similar to that of lg to 1 which provided 8 (910mg, 89%).
  • LC-MS [M+H] + : 581.2.
  • Step 1 A mixture of lb (4.85g, 16.5mmol) and 9a (16.5g, 0.33mol) in ethanol (50mL) was heated under reflux overnight, then evaporated under high vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in ethanol and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated and dried to give crude 9b (4.02g, ca. 100%).
  • Step 2 The procedure from crude 9b to 9e was similar to that of 7e to 7 which provided 9e (940mg, 10.8% from 9b).
  • Step 3 The procedure from 9e to 9h was similar to that of If to 1 which provided 9h (733mg, 81% from 9e).
  • Step 4 To a suspension of 9h (733mg, 1.31mmol) in methanol (lOmL) was added a solution of HCl/Et20 (20mL). The mixture was stirred for 5 hours, then evaporated to provide 9 (880mg).
  • IH-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-cfe): 5 3.00 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.89 (m, 14H), 4.81 (t, 2H), 7.33-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.92-7.95 (m, 2H), 11.79 (brs, 1H).
  • EXAMPLE 10 4- ⁇ 6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin- 9-yl ⁇ piperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone
  • Step 1 The procedure from crude la to lOd was similar to that of la to 3 which provided lOd (884mg, 16.1% from la).
  • Step 2 To a solution of lOd (884mg, 1.59mmol) in DCM (15mL) was added TFA (1.8mL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2h, evaporated and the residue was dissolved in DCM again and washed with sat. aq. NaHC0 3 . The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The residue was triturated with EA (3mL) and filtered to provide lOe (640mg, yield: 88.5%).
  • Step3 The procedure from lOe to 10 was similar to that of lg to 1 which provided 10 (205mg, 70.6%).
  • IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC1 3 ): 5 2.13-2.21 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.98-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.37 (t, 4H), 3.81-3.94 (m, 10H), 4.52- 4.61 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.93 (m, 1H).
  • Step 1 The procedure from lOe to 17b was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided crude 17b. 17b was used directly to the next step without further purification.
  • Stepl The procedure from crude la to 22d was similar to that of la to 3 which provided 22d (743mg, 48.3% from la).
  • Step 2 The procedure from crude 22d to 22 was similar to that of lOd to 10 which provided 22 (346mg, 91.8% from 22d).
  • Step 2 To a solution of ethanol (40mL) was sodium (0.905g, 39.4mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to reflex until the solid sodium disappeared. After being cooled to r.t., 23a (5.0g, 39.4mmol) and 23b (3.3 lg, 39.4mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 5h, cooled to r.t., filtered and washed with ethanol to afford 23c (5.08g, yield: 61.1%)
  • Step3 To a solution of sodium ethoxide (4.11g, 60.5mmol) in ethanol was added 23c (5.08g, 24.1mmol) and ethyl ethoxyformate (9.94g, 84.3mmol) during 40 min at room temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C for 5h, then cooled to r.t. and filtrated to give 23d (5.62g, yield: 83%).
  • Step 5 The procedure from 23e to 23 was similar to that of 3b to 3 which provided 23 (393mg, 44.9% from 23e).
  • 1H-NMR (300MHz, CDC1 3 ): 5 2.11-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.53- 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.69 (m, 2H), ' 3.82 (t, 4H), 3.98 (t, 4H), 4.92-5.02 (m, 1H), 7.42- 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.85-7.96 (m, 2H).
  • kinase assays For most assays, kinase-tagged T7 phage strains were grown in parallel in 24-well blocks in an E. coli host derived from the BL21 strain. E. coli were grown to log-phase and infected with T7 phage from a frozen stock (multiplicity of infection ⁇ 0.1) and incubated with shaking at 32 °C until lysis (-90 minutes). The lysates were centrifuged (6,000 x g) and filtered (0.2 mm) to remove cell debris. The remaining kinases were produced in HEK-293 cells and subsequently tagged with DNA for qPCR detection.
  • Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads were treated with biotinylated small molecule ligands for 30 minutes at room temperature to generate affinity resins for kinase assays.
  • the liganded beads were blocked with excess biotin and washed with blocking buffer (SeaBlock (Pierce), 1 % BSA, 0.05 % Tween 20, 1 mM DTT) to remove unbound ligand and to reduce non-specific phage binding.
  • Binding reactions were assembled by combining kinases, liganded affinity beads, and test compounds in lx binding buffer (20 % SeaBlock, 0.17x PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 6 mM DTT). Test compounds were prepared as 40x stocks in 100% DMSO and directly diluted into the assay. All reactions were performed in polypropylene 384- well plates in a final volume of 0.04 ml. The assay plates were incubated at room temperature with shaking for 1 hour and the affinity beads were washed with wash buffer (lx PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20).
  • the beads were then re-suspended in elution buffer (lx PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 0.5 mM non-biotinylated affinity ligand) and incubated at room temperature with shaking for 30 minutes.
  • elution buffer lx PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 0.5 mM non-biotinylated affinity ligand
  • methoxy substituted compounds e.g. # 21, also showed potent inhibition of other PI3K isoforms (alpha and gamma), in addition to delta, at ⁇ 100nM in these assays.
  • GST-tagged bovine pi 10a, GST-tagged human pi 10 ⁇ , His-tagged pi 10 ⁇ , and Glu-tagged PI3K 02 ⁇ are expressed in an SfWBaculovirus system and purified as fusion proteins.
  • the test compounds are dissolved in DMSO (0.5 ⁇ _) and each enzyme is mixed in 25 ⁇ _ of buffer solution (pi 10a, ⁇ , ⁇ assay: 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 160 mM NaCl, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 30 mM MgCl 2 , 0.4 mM EDTA, 0.4 mM • ⁇ ; ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ assay: 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 160 mM NaCl, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 15 mM CaCl 2 , 0.4 mM EDTA).
  • SPA beads (Amersham) in 150 ⁇ - PBS is added. The mixture is left to stand for 5 min and then centrifuged at 300g for 2 min. Radioactivity is measured using TopCount (Packard).
  • Cells (A375, HeLa, A549, MCF7, and MCF7 ADR-res) are cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum and streptomycin/penicillin. Solutions of the test compounds (1 ⁇ _ ⁇ ) are spotted onto a 96-well culture plate, followed by addition of cells (lxlO 4 ) in 100 ⁇ L ⁇ After 46-h incubation, 10 ⁇ _. of Alamar blue reagent is added to each well. After 2-h, the excitation/emission wavelengths at 544/590 nm are measured using Fluostar.

Abstract

Novel PI3K, especially PI3K delta isoform, selective inhibitors are disclosed. The compounds are useful in treating disorders related to abnormal PI3K or PI3Kδ activities such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders.

Description

PI3K (delta) SELECTIVE INHIBITORS
Related Application
This application is a PCT international application, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application 61/277,737, which was filed on September 29, 2009. The entire content of the above U.S. Provisional application is incorporated herein.
Technical Field of the Invention
[1] This invention relates to novel PI3K, especially ΡΙ3Κδ (PI3K delta), selective inhibitors, compositions comprising a PI3K or PI3K6 selective inhibitor, and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions associated with PI3K or PI3K5 modulation.
Background of the Invention
[2] Phosphatidylinositol (hereinafter abbreviated as "PI") is one of a number of phospholipids found in cell membranes. In recent years it has become clear that PI plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction. In the late 1980s, a PI3 kinase (PI3K) was found to be an enzyme which phosphorylates the 3-position of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (D. Whitman et al, 1988, Nature, 332, 664).
[3] PI3K was originally considered to be a single enzyme, but it has now been clarified that a plurality of subtypes are present in PI3K. Each subtype has its own mechanism for regulating activity. Three major classes of PDKs have been identified on the basis of their in vitro substrate specificity (B. Vanhaesebroeck, 1997, Trend in Biol. Sci, 22, 267). Substrates for class I PDKs are PI, PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) and PI 4,5-biphosphate (PI (4,5)P2). Class I PDKs are further divided into two groups, class la and class lb, in terms of their activation mechanism. Class la PDKs include PDK PI 10a, pi 10β and pi 10δ subtypes, which transmit signals from tyrosine kinase- coupled receptors. Class lb PDK includes a pi 10γ subtype activated by a G protein- coupled receptor. PI and PI(4)P are known as substrates for class II PDKs. Class Π PI3Ks include PI3K C2a, 02β and C2y subtypes, which are characterized by containing C2 domains at the C terminus. The substrate for class HI PI3Ks is PI only.
[4] In the PI3K subtypes, the class la subtype has been most extensively investigated to date. The three subtypes of class la are heterodimers of a catalytic 110 kDa subunit and regulatory subunits of 85 kDa or 55 kDa. The regulatory subunits contain SH2 domains and bind to tyrosine residues phosphorylated by growth factor receptors with a tyrosine kinase activity or oncogene products, thereby inducing the PI3 activity of the pi 10 catalytic subunit which phosphorylates its lipid substrate. Thus, the class la subtypes are considered to be associated with cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
[5] It has been extensively published that the morpholino derivatives shown in Formula I below are PI3K inhibitors:
[6] Wherein Cy is an unsaturated or a ■romat0ic, mono or fused ring. Some of the representative examples are listed below: LY294002 (Vlahos et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 5241-5248), la (WO2007/129161), lb (WO2007/084786), Ic
(WO2007/080382), Id (WO2007/042810), TGX221 (WO2004/016607), and Ie
WO2008/018426).
Figure imgf000003_0001
Representative morpholine based PI3K inhibitors [7] In the above examples, the morpholine group was considered essential for the PI3K inhibitory activities. In WO2007/132171, the morpholine group was replaced by a heteroaryl group.
[8] More recently, we (US provisional application Serial No. 61/134,163, WO2010/005558) and others (WO 2009/045174, WO 2009/04575) found that compounds of Formula Π are also otent PI3K inhibitors.
Figure imgf000004_0001
[9] Furthermore, we discovered that compounds of Formula III are potent and selective ΡΙ3Κδ inhibitors, some with >10 fold selectivity against PI3K5 verses other
Class 1 PI3K isoforms, particularly when
Figure imgf000004_0002
is 2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1-yl.
Figure imgf000004_0003
[10] Subsequently, we further discovered that compounds of Formula Ila are also potent and selective PI3K, mTOR inhibitors with better pharmaceutical properties than the corresponding compounds of Formula Π. Similarly, it was discovered that compounds with 2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl substitution are potent and selective PI3K delta inhibitors (US provisional application Serial No. 61/214,828, WO2010/056320).
Figure imgf000005_0001
[11] Compounds with 2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl substitution to a monocyclic heteroaryl have been published in a few patents (see e.g. WO
2008032072, WO 2008032027, WO 2008032060, WO 2008032036, WO
2008032033, WO 2008032089, WO 2008032091, WO 2008032086, WO
2008032028, WO 2008032064, WO 2008032077, and WO 2008032041). But those compounds were not disclosed as potent and selective PI3 5 inhibitors. In fact, a representative compound, ZST 474 was reported to be a pan-PI3K inhibitor with limited (<10 fold) selectivity against PI3K5 (Yaguchi et al. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98 (8), 545, 2006).
Figure imgf000005_0002
[12] This invention further extends our search for more potent and selective PI3K5 inhibitors according to Formula III and other bicyclo heteroaryls. Surprisingly, we found that certain substitutions of Formula III lead to compounds with different PI3K kinase selectivity profiles.
[13] PI3K5 is preferentially expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. In mice carrying PI3K6 null or catalytically inactive mutations, defects in B cell functions such as BCR-mediated signaling, response to antigens, and reduced levels of circulating immunoglobulins have been reported. PI3K5 plays an essential role in certain signaling pathways of neutrophil activation and appears to be an attractive target for the development of an anti-inflammatory therapeutic (Sadhu et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communications 308, 764, 2003). It was also found to be required for optimal IgE/Ag-dependent hypersensitivity responses in mice, suggesting that it is a potential therapeutic target for allergy- and mast cell-related diseases such as asthma (Ali et al. J. Immunology, 180, 2538, 2008; Park et al. Respirology 13, 764, 2008). Furthermore, the expression pattern of PI3 6 and its effects in B-lymphoid cells have raised hopes that specific inhibitors of PI3K6 may suppress the proliferation and survival of transformed hematopoietic cells. Indeed, high levels of PI3K5 have been found in leukemic cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Sujobert et al. Blood, 106, 1063, 2005), thereby suggesting that it is also a potential target for treating leukemia.
Summary of the Invention
[14] The invention relates to novel compounds as PI3K, especially PI3K5, selective inhibitors, compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compound compositions. The compounds and compositions comprising them are useful for treating or preventing disease or disease symptoms, including those mediated by or associated with PI3K or PI3K5 activities.
[15] The present invention provides compounds of Formula IVa or IVb:
Figure imgf000006_0001
or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof; wherein X is N or CR; A and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3; R, Ri, and R2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3;
Zi, Z2 and Z3 are each independently:
(1) hydrogen, or ¾, where Z ¾ is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (12);
(2) -OH or -OZ16;
(3) -SH or -SZ16;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ,6, C(0)qO-Z16, -C(0)NZ17Z,8, -C(0)C(0)NZnZ18, or -O- C(0)qZi6, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ,6, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Zi8;
(10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z2o;
(11) oxo;
(12) -0-C(0)-Zi6; or
(13) any two of Zi, Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
Z4 and Z5 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Zu-S(0)q-Z12-;
(3) -Zu-C(0)-Z12-;
(4) -Z„-0-Z12-;
Figure imgf000007_0001
(6) -Zn-0-C(0)-Z12-; or
(7) -Z„-C(0)-0-Z12;
Z11 and Zi2 are each independently
(1) a single bond; (2) alkylene;
(3) alkenylene; or
(4) alkynylene; each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
(1) hydrogen or alkyl;
(2) -OH or -OZ2,;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i ;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ21, -C(0)NZ17Z18, -C(0)C(0)NZ17Z18, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ2 or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano; ^
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z -NZi7Z18;
(10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-¾i ;
each Zn is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zis is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi9 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z20 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z2i is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z22 is independently,
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -OZ2r,
(3) -SH or -SZ2J;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ21, -C(0)NZ2iZ2i, -C(0)C(0)NZ2iZ2i, or -0-C(0)qZ2,, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ2i, or -S(0)qNZ2iZ21;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
Figure imgf000009_0001
(10) -Z4-N(Z2i) -Z5-NZ21Z21 ;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z2i;
where Zn, Zi8, Z19 or Z20 may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22; where Zn and Zi8, or Z19 and Z20, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22; and
[16] where any two of Zi8, Z19 or Z20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22.
[17] The present invention provides compounds of Formula IVa or IVb:
Figure imgf000010_0001
or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof; wherein X is N or CR; A and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3; R, R], and R2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3;
Zi, Z2 and Z3 are each independently:
(1) hydrogen, or Z6, where is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (12);
(2) -OH or -OZi6;
(3) -SH or -SZie;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ16, -C(0)NZ17ZI8) -C(0)C(0)NZ17Z18, or -0-C(0)qZI6, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ16, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Z18;
(10) -Z4-N(Zi8) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo; (12) -0-C(0)-Zi6; or
(13) any two of Zi, Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
Z4 and Z5 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Z„-S(0)q-Zi2-;
(3) -ZI1-C(0)-Z,2-;
(4) -Zu-0-Z12-;
(5) -Z11-S-Z12-;
(6) -Zn-0-C(0)-Z12-; or
(7) -Z„-C(0)-0-Z12;
Z11 and Zi2 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) alkylene;
(3) alkenylene; or
(4) alkynylene; each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -OZ2i ;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ2i, -C(0)NZ17Z18, -C(0)C(0)NZ17Zi8, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ2i, or -S(0)qNZ17Zi8;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Z18; (10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z21;
each Zi7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zis is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi9 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z2o is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each 21 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z22 is independently,
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -OZ2i;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ2i, -C(0)NZ21Z21, -C(0)C(0)NZ21Z21, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -SiO jZj!, or -S(0)qNZ21Z21;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(^ -Ζί-ΝΖ,,Ζ,,; (10) -Z4-N(Z21) -Z5-NZ21Z21;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z21;
[18] where Zn, Zi8, Z1 or Z20 may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22;
[19] where Zn and Zi8, or Z19 and Z20, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22; and
[20] where any two of Zi8, Z19 or Z20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22.
[21] The compounds of this invention, and compositions comprising them, are useful for treating or lessening the severity of PI3K modulated diseases, disorders, or symptoms thereof.
[22] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of treating a disease or disease symptom in a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any formulae herein, or pharmaceutical salt, solvate or hydrate thereof (or composition thereof)- The disease or disease symptom can be any of those modulated by a PI3K. The disease or disease symptom can be, for example, cancer, inflammation, or cardiovascular disease or disorder.
Detailed Description of The Invention
[23] Definitions
[24] The terms "ameliorate" and "treat" are used interchangeably and both mean decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease (e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein).
[25] By "disease" is meant any condition or disorder that damages or interferes with the normal function of a cell, tissue, or organ.
[26] By "marker" is meant any alteration that is associated with a disease or disorder. For example, any protein or polynucleotide having an alteration in expression level or activity that is associated with a disease or disorder.
[27] In this disclosure, "comprises," "comprising," "containing" and "having" and the like can have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law and can mean " includes," "including," and the like; "consisting essentially of or "consists essentially" likewise has the meaning ascribed in U.S. Patent law and the term is open-ended, allowing for the presence of more than that which is recited so long as basic or novel characteristics of that which is recited is not changed by the presence of more than that which is recited, but excludes prior art embodiments.
[28] The term "compound" as used herein, is also intended to include salts, prodrugs, and prodrug salts of a compound of formulae herein. The term also includes any solvates, hydrates, and polymorphs of any of the foregoing. The specific recitation of "prodrug," "prodrug salt," "solvate," "hydrate," or "polymorph" in certain aspects of the invention described in this application shall not be interpreted as an intended omission of these forms in other aspects of the invention where the term "compound" is used without recitation of these other forms.
[29] A salt of a compound of this invention is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group. According to another preferred embodiment, the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
[30] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term "prodrug" means a derivative of a compound that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide a compound of this invention. Prodrugs may only become active upon such reaction under biological conditions, or they may have activity in their unreacted forms. Examples of prodrugs contemplated in this invention include, but are not limited to, analogs or derivatives of compounds of any one of the formulae disclosed herein that comprise biohydrolyzable moieties such as amides, esters, carbamates, carbonates, and phosphate analogues. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (1995) 172-178, 949-982
(Manfred E. Wolff ed., 5th ed); see also Goodman and Gilman's, The
Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed. 1992,
"Biotransformation of Drugs".
[31] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term "biohydrolyzable moiety" means a functional group (e.g., amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, or phosphate) analogue, that either: 1) does not destroy the biological activity of the compound and confers upon that compound advantageous properties in vivo, such as uptake, duration of action, or onset of action; or 2) is itself biologically inactive but is converted in vivo to a biologically active compound.
[32] A prodrug salt is a compound formed between an acid and a basic group of the prodrug, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the prodrug, such as a carboxyl functional group. In a one embodiment, the prodrug salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
[33] Particularly favored prodrugs and prodrug salts are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal (e.g., by allowing an orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into the blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or central nervous system) relative to the parent species. Preferred prodrugs include derivatives where a group that enhances aqueous solubility or active transport through the gut membrane is appended to the structure of formulae described herein. See, e.g., Alexander, J. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1988, 31, 318-322; Bundgaard, H. Design of Prodrugs; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1985; pp 1-92; Bundgaard, H.; Nielsen, N. M.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1987, 30, 451-454; Bundgaard, H. A Textbook of Drug Design and Development; Harwood Academic Publ.: Switzerland, 1991 ; pp 113-191 ; Digenis, G. A. et al. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 1975, 28, 86- 112; Friis, G. J.; Bundgaard, H. A Textbook of Drug Design and Development; 2 ed.; Overseas Publ.: Amsterdam, 1996; pp 351-385; Pitman, I. H. Medicinal Research Reviews 1981, 1, 189-214.
[34] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable," as used herein, refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound or a prodrug of a compound of this invention.
[35] Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, lactic, oxalic, para-bromophenylsulfonic, carbonic, succinic, citric, benzoic and acetic acid, and related inorganic and organic acids. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate,
monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne-l,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate,
methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephathalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene- 1 -sulfonate, naphthalene-2- sulfonate, mandelate and the like salts. Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those formed with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and especially those formed with organic acids such as maleic acid.
[36] Suitable bases for forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts with acidic functional groups of prodrugs of this invention include, but are not limited to, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium; hydroxides of alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium; hydroxides of other metals, such as aluminum and zinc; ammonia, and organic amines, such as unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or trialkylamines; dicyclohexylamine; tributyl amine; pyridine; N-methyl,N-ethylamine; diethylamine; triethylamine; mono-, bis-, or tris-(2- hydroxy-lower alkyl amines), such as mono-, bis-, or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2- hydroxy-tert-butylamine, or tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N, N,-di-lower alkyl- N-(hydroxy lower alkyl)-amines, such as N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, or tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N-methyl-D-glucamine; and amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and the like.
[37] As used herein, the term "hydrate" means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
[38] As used herein, the term "solvate" means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of solvent such as water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, or the like, bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
[39] As used herein, the term "polymorph" means solid crystalline forms of a compound or complex thereof which may be characterized by physical means such as, for instance, X-ray powder diffraction patterns or infrared spectroscopy. Different polymorphs of the same compound can exhibit different physical, chemical and/or spectroscopic properties. Different physical properties include, but are not limited to stability (e.g., to heat, light or moisture), compressibility and density (important in formulation and product manufacturing), hygroscopicity, solubility, and dissolution rates (which can affect bioavailability). Differences in stability can result from changes in chemical reactivity (e.g., differential oxidation, such that a dosage form discolors more rapidly when comprised of one polymorph than when comprised of another polymorph) or mechanical characteristics (e.g., tablets crumble on storage as a kinetically favored polymorph converts to thermodynamically more stable polymorph) or both (e.g., tablets of one polymorph are more susceptible to breakdown at high humidity). Different physical properties of polymorphs can affect their processing. For example, one polymorph might be more likely to form solvates or might be more difficult to filter or wash free of impurities than another due to, for example, the shape or size distribution of particles of it.
[40] The term "substantially free of other stereoisomers" as used herein means less than 25% of other stereoisomers, preferably less than 10% of other stereoisomers, more preferably less than 5% of other stereoisomers and most preferably less than 2% of other stereoisomers, or less than "X"% of other stereoisomers (wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive) are present. Methods of obtaining or synthesizing diastereomers are well known in the art and may be applied as practicable to final compounds or to starting material or intermediates. Other embodiments are those wherein the compound is an isolated compound. The term "at least X% enantiomerically enriched" as used herein means that at least X% of the compound is a single enantiomeric form, wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive.
[41] The term "stable compounds", as used herein, refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow manufacture and which maintain the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., formulation into therapeutic products, intermediates for use in production of therapeutic compounds, isolatable or storable intermediate compounds, treating a disease or condition responsive to therapeutic agents).
[42] "Stereoisomer" refers to both enantiomers and diastereomers.
[43] As used herein, the term "halo" or "halogen" refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
[44] The terms "alk" or "alkyl" refer to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The expression "lower alkyl" refers to alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms (inclusive). The term "arylalkyl" refers to a moiety in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl group. The term "alkenyl" refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one double bond. Where an alkenyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a double bond.
[45] The term "alkoxy" refers to an -O-alkyl radical. The term "alkylenedioxo" refers to a divalent species of the structure -0-R-0-, in which R represents an alkylene.
[46] The term "alkynyl" refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one triple bond. Where an alkynyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a triple bond.
[47] The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent straight chain bridge of 1 to 5 carbon atoms connected by single bonds (e.g., -(CH2)X- , wherein x is 1 to 5), which may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
[48] The term "alkenylene" refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms having one or two double bonds that is connected by single bonds and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups. Exemplary alkenylene groups are - CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH=CH-CH2-, -C(CH3)2CH=CH- and - CH(C2H5)-CH=CH-.
[49] The term "alkynylene" refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has a triple bond therein, is connected by single bonds, and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups. Exemplary alkynylene groups are -C=C-, -CH2-C≡C-, -CH(CH3)-C≡C- and -C≡C-CH(C2H5)CH2-.
[50] The terms "cycloalkyl" and "cycloalkenyl" as employed herein includes saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic, respectively, hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 12 carbons, preferably 3 to 8 carbons, and more preferably 3 to 6 carbon. [51] The terms "Ar" or "aryl" refer to aromatic cyclic groups (for example 6 membered monocyclic, 10 membered bicyclic or 14 membered tricyclic ring systems) which contain 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Exemplary aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and anthracene.
[52] Heteroaryl" refers to a monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms) group of 5 to 12 ring atoms containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, the remaining ring atoms being C, and, in addition,. having a completely conjugated pi-electron system, wherein 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent. Examples, without limitation, of heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinazoline, isoquinoline, purine and carbazole.
[53] The terms "heterocycle", "heterocyclic" or "heterocyclo" refer to fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups, for example, 3 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 12 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, wherein 0, 1, 2 or 3 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent. Each ring of the heterocyclic group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized. The heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system.
[54] The term "substituents" refers to a group "substituted" on any functional group delineated herein, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group at any atom of that group. In aspects, functional group delineated herein, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, can be substituted with a substituent (e.g., those listed below). Suitable substituents include, without limitation halogen, CN, N02, OR100, SR100, S(0)2OR100, NR100R101, Ci-C2 perfluoroalkyl, C,-C2 perfluoroalkoxy, 1 ,2- methylenedioxy, C(O)OR10°, C(O)NR100R101, OC(O)NR100R101, NRI00C(O)NR100R101, C(NR10I)NR100R101, NR100C(NR101)NR100R101, S(O)2NR100R10\ R102, C(0)R102, NR100C(O)R102, S(0)R102, S(0)2R102, R101, oxo, C(0)R101, C(0)(CH2)nOH,
(CH2)nOR100, (CH2)nC(O)NR100R101, NR100S(O)2R102, where n is independently 0-6 inclusive. Each R100 is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. Each R is independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkyl substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl. Each R102 is independently C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkyl substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl. Each C3- ; cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and C1-C4 alkyl in each R100, R101 and R102 can optionally be substituted with halogen, CN, C1-C4 alkyl, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, NH2, C1-C4 alkylamino, C1-C4 dialkylamino, d- C2perfluoroalkyl, Ci-C2 perfluoroalkoxy, or 1,2-methylenedioxy.
[55] The term "oxo" refers to an oxygen atom, which forms a carbonyl when attached to carbon, an N-oxide when attached to nitrogen, and a sulfoxide or sulfone when attached to sulfur.
[56] The term "acyl" refers to an alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, or heteroarylcarbonyl substituent, any of which may be further substituted by substituents.
[57] The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The recitation of an embodiment for a variable herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other
embodiments or portions thereof.
[58] The compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers and diastereomeric mixtures. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention. The compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein. All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystal forms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in the present invention.
[59] The present invention provides a compound of Formula IVa or IVb:
Figure imgf000021_0001
or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof; wherein X is N or CR; A and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3; R, Ri, and R2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3;
[60] Zi, Z2 and Z3 are each independently:
(1) hydrogen, or ¾, where Zf, is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (12);
(2) -OH or -OZi6;
(3) -SH or -SZi6;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ16, -C(0)NZ17Zi8, -C(0)C(0)NZi7Z,8, or -0-C(0)qZ16, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ16, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Z18;
(10) -Z4-N(Zi8) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(1 1) oxo; (12) -0-C(0)-Zi6; or
(13) any two ofZ, Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
Z4 and Z5 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Zn-S(0)q-Z,2-;
Figure imgf000022_0001
(6) -Zn-0-C(0)-Z12-; or
(7) -Zn-C(0)-0-Z12;
Z11 and Z12 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) alkylene;
(3) alkenylene; or ·>
(4) alkynylene; each Zi6 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -OZ2i;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ2i, -C(0)NZnZ18, -C(0)C(0)NZI7Zi8, or -0-C(0)qZ2i, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ2i, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Z18; (10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-¾i;
each Zi7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, · cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi8 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi9 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z20 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z2i is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z22 is independently,
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -0¾i;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ21, - (0)NZ21Z21, -C(0)C(0)NZ2iZ21, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ21, or -S(0)qNZ21Z21;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ21Z21; (10) -Z4-N(Z21) -Z5-NZ2,Z21 ;
(1 1) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z21 ;
[61] where Zn, Zi8, Z19 or Z20 may be substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22;
[62] where Zn and Zi8, or Z\g and Z20, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, or 3 independent Z22; and
[63] where any two of Zi8, Z19 or Z20 together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent
[64] In one aspect, the compounds are of any of the Formula IVc:
Figure imgf000024_0001
wherein R\ and R2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVa.
[65] In one aspect, the compounds are of any of the Formula IVd:
Figure imgf000024_0002
wherein Ri and R2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zj, Z2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVa.
[66] In one aspect, the compounds are of any of the Formula IVe:
Figure imgf000025_0001
wherein Ri and R2 are as defined for Formula IVa; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVa.
[67] In one aspect, the compounds are of any of the Formula IVf:
Figure imgf000025_0002
wherein X, Ri and R2 are as defined for Formula IVb; R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVb.
[68] In one aspect, the compounds are of any of the Formula IVg:
Figure imgf000026_0001
wherein X, Ri and R2 are as defined for Formula IVb; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Z\, Z2 and Z3 as defined for Formula IVb.
[69] In one aspect, the compound is a compound of Table 1.
[70] The structures in Table 1 and the schemes therein contain certain -NH-, -NH2 (amino) and -OH (hydroxyl) groups where the corresponding hydrogen atom(s) do not explicitly appear; however they are to be read as -NH-, -NH2 or -OH as the case may be.
[71] Table 1
Figure imgf000026_0002
[72] In another aspect, the compound is one of:
2-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin- 1 - ylmethyl)-4-mo holin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine;
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 ^1)-4-πιοφηο1ϊη-4^1- 1 -(tetrahydro-pyran-4- yl)- 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine;
2-(2-Difluoromethyl-4-methoxy-benzoin idazol-l-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- pipeΓazin-l-ylmethyl)-4-moφholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine; or
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-4-methoxy-benzoimidazol- 1 ^1)-4-πιοφηοΗη-4^1- 1 -(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.
[73] In another aspect, the compound is one of:
6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-9-[2-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-l-yl)- ethyl]-2-iroMpholin-4-yl-9H-purine;
2- { 6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-πιοφηο1ΐη-4^1ρυήη-9^1 } ethan- 1 -ol;
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-moφholin-4-yl-9-(tetrahydro-pyran-4- yl)-9H-purine;
9-sec-Butyl-6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-moφholin-4-yl-9H-purine; 2-[6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-2-moφholin-4-yl-purin-9-yl] -propan- 1 - ol;
2- [6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-2-(8 -oxa-3 -aza-bicyclo [3.2.1 ] oct-3 -yl)- purin-9-yl]-propan-l-ol;
4- { 1 -(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-4[2-(difluoromethyl)
benzimidazolyl]pyrazolo [5,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl }moφholine; or
4-{4-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-6-moφholin-4-ylpyrazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidinyljpiperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone.
[74] In yet another aspect, the compound is one of:
l-(2-{4-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-6-moφholin-4-ylpyrazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidinyl } ethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine;
4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}piperidyl 4- methylpiperazinyl ketone;
[4- [6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-πιοφηο1ίηο-ρυΓίη-9^1] - 1 -piperidyl] - (4-fluorophenyl)methanone; [4-[6-[2-(άΐΑυοΓθΓηεΐ1ι>,1^6ηζίπιί(ΐ3ζο1-1-γ1]-2-πιο 1ιο1ίηο-ρυπη-9-γ1]-1-ρίρ6ή{ΐ3'1]- (4-pyridyl)methanone;
[4-[6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-mo holino-purin-9-yl] - 1 -piperidyl] - (3-pyridyl)methanone;
(4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-mo holin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}piρeridyl)- N,N-dimethylcarboxamide;
methyl 4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9- yl Jpiperidinecarboxylate;
4- { 6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl } - 1 - (methylsulfonyl)piperidine;
(2R)-l-(4-{6-[2-(difluoΓomethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9- yl } piperidyl)-2-hydroxypropan- 1 -one;
4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-mo holin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}piperidyl pyrrolidinyl ketone;
4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzinlidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9- yl} piperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone;
4- { 6-[2-(difluoΓomethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazol l]-2-moφholin-4-yl urin-9-yl } - 1 - (methylsulfonyl)piperidine;
l-(9-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydΓopyran-4-yl)-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-6-yl)-2- (difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazole;
3-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-moφholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}pyπ■olidinyl)- N,N-dimethylcarboxamide;
4-{ 3-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-7-[2-(difluoromethyl) benzimidazolyl]- 1 ,2,3- triazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}moφholine.
[75] The synthesis of compounds of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) can be readily effected by synthetic chemists of ordinary skill. Relevant procedures and intermediates are disclosed, for instance, herein. Each of the patents, patent applications, and publications, whether in traditional journals or available only through the internet, referred to herein, is incoφorated in its entirety by reference.
[76] Other approaches to synthesizing compounds of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) can readily be adapted from references cited herein. Variations of these procedures and their optimization are within the skill of the ordinary practitioner. The chemical structures herein contain certain -NH-, -NH2 (amino) and -OH (hydroxyl) groups where the corresponding hydrogen atom(s) may not explicitly appear; however they are to be read as -NH-, -NH2 or -OH as the case may be.
[77] The specific approaches and compounds shown above are not intended to be limiting. The chemical structures in the schemes herein depict variables that are hereby defined commensurately with chemical group definitions (moieties, atoms, etc.) of the corresponding position in the compound formulae herein, whether identified by the same variable name (e.g., R1, R2, R, R', X, etc.) or not. The suitability of a chemical group in a compound structure for use in synthesis of another compound structure is within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. Additional methods of synthesizing compounds of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) and their synthetic precursors, including those within routes not explicitly shown in schemes herein, are within the means of chemists of ordinary skill in the art.
Methods for optimizing reaction conditions, if necessary minimizing competing byproducts, are known in the art. The methods described herein may also additionally include steps, either before or after the steps described specifically herein, to add or remove suitable protecting groups in order to ultimately allow synthesis of the compounds herein. In addition, various synthetic steps may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds. Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing the applicable compounds are known in the art and include, for example, those described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1999); L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994); and L. Paquette, ed., Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995) and subsequent editions thereof.
[78] The synthetic methods described herein may also additionally include steps, either before or after any of the steps described in any scheme, to add or remove suitable protecting groups in order to ultimately allow synthesis of the compound of the formulae described herein. The methods delineated herein contemplate converting compounds of one formula to compounds of another formula. The process of converting refers to one or more chemical transformations, which can be performed in situ, or with isolation of intermediate compounds. The transformations can include reacting the starting compounds or intermediates with additional reagents using techniques and protocols known in the art, including those in the references cited herein. Intermediates can be used with or without purification (e.g., filtration, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, trituration, solid phase extraction, and chromatography).
[79] Combinations of substituents and variables envisioned by this invention are only those that result in the formation of stable compounds.
[80] The invention also provides compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph or prodrug, if applicable, of said compound; and an acceptable carrier. Preferably, a composition of this invention is formulated for pharmaceutical use ("a pharmaceutical composition"), wherein the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The carrier(s) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and, in the case of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, not deleterious to the recipient thereof in amounts typically used in medicaments.
[81] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene- polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
[82] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration. In certain embodiments, the compound of the formulae herein is administered transdermally (e.g., using a transdermal patch). Other formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., tablets and sustained release capsules, and in liposomes, and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA (17th ed. 1985).
[83] Such preparative methods include the step of bringing into association with the molecule to be administered ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, liposomes or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product.
[84] In certain preferred embodiments, the compound is administered orally.
Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or packed in liposomes and as a bolus, etc. Soft gelatin capsules can be useful for containing such suspensions, which may beneficially increase the rate of compound absorption.
[85] A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface-active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets optionally may be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein. Methods of formulating such slow or controlled release compositions of pharmaceutically active ingredients, such as those herein and other compounds known in the art, are known in the art and described in several issued US Patents, some of which include, but are not limited to, US Patent Nos. 4,369,172; and 4,842,866, and references cited therein. Coatings can be used for delivery of compounds to the intestine (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 6,638,534, 5,217,720, and 6,569,457, 6,461,631, 6,528,080, 6,800,663, and references cited therein). A useful formulation for the compounds of this invention is the form of enteric pellets of which the enteric layer comprises
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate. [86] In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are administered orally, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring and/or coloring agents may be added.
[87] Compositions suitable for topical administration include lozenges comprising the ingredients in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia.
[88] Compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and nonaqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
[89] Such injection solutions may be in the form, for example, of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3- butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, · sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluerit or dispersant. [90] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components. Such materials include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
[91] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
[92] Topical administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is especially useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application. For application topically to the skin, the pharmaceutical composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier. Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water. The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches and iontophoretic administration are also included in this invention.
[93] Particularly favored derivatives and prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal (e.g., by allowing an orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into the blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or central nervous system) relative to the parent species. Preferred prodrugs include derivatives where a group that enhances aqueous solubility or active transport through the gut membrane is appended to the structure of formulae described herein. See, e.g., Alexander, J. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1988, 31, 318-322; Bundgaard, H. Design of Prodrugs; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1985; pp 1-92; Bundgaard, H.; Nielsen, N. M. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1987, 30, 451-454; Bundgaard, H. A Textbook of Drug Design and Development; Harwood Academic Publ.: Switzerland, 1991 ; pp 113-191; Digenis, G. A. et al. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 1975, 28, 86-112; Friis, G. J. ; Bundgaard, H. A Textbook of Drug Design and Development; 2 ed.; Overseas Publ.: Amsterdam, 1996; pp 351-385; Pitman, I. H. Medicinal Research Reviews 1981, 1, 189-214.
[94] Application of the subject therapeutics may be local, so as to be administered at the site of interest. Various techniques can be used for providing the subject compositions at the site of interest, such as injection, use of catheters, trocars, projectiles, pluronic gel, stents, sustained drug release polymers or other device which provides for internal access.
[95] According to another embodiment, the invention provides a method of impregnating an implantable drug release device comprising the step of contacting said drug release device with a compound or composition of this invention.
Implantable drug release devices include, but are not limited to, biodegradable polymer capsules or bullets, non-degradable, diffusible polymer capsules and biodegradable polymer wafers.
[96] According to another embodiment, the invention provides an implantable medical device coated with a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is therapeutically active.
[97] In another embodiment, a composition of the present invention further comprises a second therapeutic agent. The second therapeutic agent includes any compound or therapeutic agent known to have or that demonstrates advantageous properties when administered alone or with a compound of any of the formulae herein. Drugs that could be usefully combined with these compounds include other kinase inhibitors and/or other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of the diseases and disorders discussed above.
[98] Such agents are described in detail in the art. Preferably, the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from cancer. [99] Even more preferably the second therapeutic agent co-formulated with a compound of this invention is an agent useful in the treatment of PI3K-mediated disease/disorders such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders.
[100] In another embodiment, the invention provides separate dosage forms of a compound of this invention and a second therapeutic agent that are associated with one another. The term "associated with one another" as used herein means that the separate dosage forms are packaged together or otherwise attached to one another such that it is readily apparent that the separate dosage forms are intended to be sold and administered together (within less than 24 hours of one another, consecutively or simultaneously).
[101] In the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, the compound of the present invention is present in an effective amount. As used herein, the term
"effective amount" refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration or progression of the disorder being treated, prevent the advancement of the disorder being treated, cause the regression of the disorder being treated, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy.
[102] The interrelationship of dosages for animals and humans (based on milligrams per meter squared of body surface) is described in Freireich et al., (1966) Cancer Chemother Rep 50: 219. Body surface area may be approximately determined from height and weight of the patient. See, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardley, N.Y., 1970, 537. An effective amount of a compound of this invention can range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 500 mg/kg, more preferably 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, more preferably 0.1 mg/kg to about 2.5 mg/kg. Effective doses will also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the diseases treated, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, the sex, age and general health condition of the patient, excipient usage, the possibility of co-usage with other therapeutic treatments such as use of other agents and the judgment of the treating physician.
[103] For pharmaceutical compositions that comprise a second therapeutic agent, an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is between about 20% and 100% of the dosage normally utilized in a monotherapy regime using just that agent.
Preferably, an effective amount is between about 70% and 100% of the normal monotherapeutic dose. The normal monotherapeutic dosages of these second therapeutic agents are well known in the art. See, e.g., Wells et al., eds.,
Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000), each of which references are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
[104] It is expected that some of the second therapeutic agents referenced above will act synergistically with the compounds of this invention. When this occurs, its will allow the effective dosage of the second therapeutic agent and/or the compound of this invention to be reduced from that required in a monotherapy. This has the advantage of minimizing toxic side effects of either the second therapeutic agent of a compound of this invention, synergistic improvements in efficacy, improved ease of administration or use and/or reduced overall expense of compound preparation or formulation.
Methods of Treatment
[105] According to another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or disorder or symptom thereof (e.g., those delineated herein) comprising the step of administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound or a composition of this invention. Such diseases are well known in the art and are also disclosed herein.
[106] In one aspect, the method of treating involves treatment of a disorder that is mediated by one or many of the PI3K (e.g., the disease is mediated by PI-3K5). In a preferred embodiment, the method of this invention is used to treat a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or condition such as discussed by Drees et al in Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2004) 14(5):703 -732. These include cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders. Examples of metabolism/endocrine disorders include diabetes and obesity.
[107] Examples of cancers which the present compounds can be used to treat include leukemia, brain tumors, renal cancer, gastric cancer and cancer of the skin, bladder, breast, uterus, lung, colon, prostate, ovary and pancreas. A human or animal patient suffering from an immune disorder, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, a metabolism/endocrine disorder or a neurological disorders may thus be treated by a method comprising the administration thereto of a compound of the present invention as defined above. The condition of the patient may thereby be improved or ameliorated.
[108] Diseases and conditions treatable according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, cancer, stroke, diabetes, hepatomegaly, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, viral disease, autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, restenosis, psoriasis, allergic disorders, inflammation, neurological disorders, a hormone-related disease, conditions associated with organ
transplantation, immunodeficiency disorders, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, infectious diseases, conditions associated with cell death, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), liver disease, pathologic immune conditions involving T cell activation, and CNS disorders in a patient.
[109] Cancers which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, breast, ovary, cervix, prostate, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, stomach, skin,
keratoacanthoma, lung, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, bone, colon, adenoma, pancreas, adenocarcinoma, thyroid, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, liver carcinoma and biliary passages, kidney carcinoma, myeloid disorders, lymphoid disorders, hairy cells, buccal cavity and pharynx (oral), lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx, small intestine, colonrectum, large intestine, rectum, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin's and leukemia.
[110] Cardiovascular diseases which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, restenosis, cardiomegaly, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure.
[Ill] Neurodegenerative disease which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative disease caused by traumatic injury, glutamate neurotoxicity and hypoxia. [112] Inflammatory diseases which can be treated according to the methods of this invention include, but are not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
[113] Methods delineated herein include those wherein the subject is identified as in need of a particular stated treatment. Identifying a subject in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a subject or a health care professional and can be subjective (e.g. opinion) or objective (e.g. measurable by a test or diagnostic method).
[114] In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of modulating the activity of a PI3K in a cell comprising contacting a cell with one or more compounds of any of the formulae herein.
[115] In another embodiment, the above method of treatment comprises the further step of co-administering to said patient one or more second therapeutic agents. The choice of second therapeutic agent may be made from any second therapeutic agent known to be useful for indications herein.
[116] The term "co-administered" as used herein means that the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with a compound of this invention as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms. Alternatively, the additional agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of a compound of this invention. In such combination therapy treatment, both the compounds of this invention and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by conventional methods. The administration of a composition of this invention comprising both a compound of the invention and a second therapeutic agent to a subject does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or any compound of this invention to said subject at another time during a course of treatment.
[117] Effective amounts of these second therapeutic agents are well known to those skilled in the art and guidance for dosing may be found in patents and published patent applications referenced herein, as well as in Wells et al., eds., Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR
Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000), and other medical texts. However, it is well within the skilled artisan's purview to determine the second therapeutic agent's optimal effective-amount range.
[118] In one embodiment of the invention where a second therapeutic agent is administered to a subject, the effective amount of the compound of this invention is less than its effective amount would be where the second therapeutic agent is not administered. In another embodiment, the effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is less than its effective amount would be where the compound of this invention is not administered. In this way, undesired side effects associated with high doses of either agent may be minimized. Other potential advantages (including without limitation improved dosing regimens and/or reduced drug cost) will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
[119] In yet another aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) alone or together with one or more of the above-described second therapeutic agents in the manufacture of a medicament, either as a single composition or as separate dosage forms, for treatment or prevention in a subject of a disease, disorder or symptom set forth above. Another aspect of the invention is a compound of the formulae herein for use in the treatment or prevention in a subject of a disease, disorder or symptom thereof delineated herein.
[120] In other aspects, the methods herein include those further comprising monitoring subject response to the treatment administrations. Such monitoring may include periodic sampling of subject tissue, fluids, specimens, cells, proteins,, chemical markers, genetic materials, etc. as markers or indicators of the treatment regimen. In other methods, the subject is prescreened or identified as in need of such treatment by assessment for a relevant marker or indicator of suitability for such treatment.
[121] In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of monitoring treatment progress. The method includes the step of determining a level of diagnostic marker (Marker) (e.g., any target or cell type delineated herein modulated by a compound herein) or diagnostic measurement (e.g., screen, assay) in a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disorder or symptoms thereof delineated herein, in which the subject has been administered a therapeutic amount of a compound herein sufficient to treat the disease or symptoms thereof. The level of Marker determined in the method can be compared to known levels of Marker in either healthy normal controls or in other afflicted patients to establish the subject's disease status. In preferred embodiments, a second level of Marker in the subject is determined at a time point later than the determination of the first level, and the two levels are compared to monitor the course of disease or the efficacy of the therapy. In certain preferred embodiments, a pre- treatment level of Marker in the subject is determined prior to beginning treatment according to this invention; this pre-treatment level of Marker can then be compared to the level of Marker in the subject after the treatment commences, to determine the efficacy of the treatment.
[122] In certain method embodiments, a level of Marker or Marker activity in a subject is determined at least once. Comparison of Marker levels, e.g., to another measurement of Marker level obtained previously or subsequently from the same patient, another patient, or a normal subject, may be useful in determining whether therapy according to the invention is having the desired effect, and thereby permitting adjustment of dosage levels as appropriate. Determination of Marker levels may be performed using any suitable sampling/expression assay method known in the art or described herein. Preferably, a tissue or fluid sample is first removed from a subject. Examples of suitable samples include blood, urine, tissue, mouth or cheek cells, and hair samples containing roots. Other suitable samples would be known to the person skilled in the art. Determination of protein levels and/or mRNA levels (e.g., Marker levels) in the sample can be performed using any suitable technique known in the art, including, but not limited to, enzyme immunoassay, ELISA, radiolabelling/assay techniques, blotting/chemiluminescence methods, real-time PCR, and the like.
[123] The present invention also provides kits for use to treat diseases, disorders, or symptoms thereof, including those delineated herein. These kits comprise: a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula IV) or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is in a container; and b) instructions describing a method of using the pharmaceutical composition to treat the disease, disorder, or symptoms thereof, including those delineated herein.
[124] The container may be any vessel or other sealed or sealable apparatus that can hold said pharmaceutical composition. Examples include bottles, divided or multi- chambered holders bottles, wherein each division or chamber comprises a single dose of said composition, a divided foil packet wherein each division comprises a single dose of said composition, or a dispenser that dispenses single doses of said composition. The container can be in any conventional shape or form as known in the art which is made of a pharmaceutically acceptable material, for example a paper or cardboard box, a glass or plastic bottle or jar, a re-sealable bag (for example, to hold a "refill" of tablets for placement into a different container), or a blister pack with individual doses for pressing out of the pack according to a therapeutic schedule. The container employed can depend on the exact dosage form involved, for example a conventional cardboard box would not generally be used to hold a liquid suspension. It is feasible that more than one container can be used together in a single package to market a single dosage form. For example, tablets may be contained in a bottle, which is in turn contained within a box. Preferably, the container is a blister pack.
[125] The kit may additionally comprising information and/or instructions for the physician, pharmacist or subject. Such memory aids include numbers printed on each chamber or division containing a dosage that corresponds with the days of the regimen which the tablets or capsules so specified should be ingested, or days of the week printed on each chamber or division, or a card which contains the same type of information.
[126] All references cited herein, whether in print, electronic, computer readable storage media or other form, are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety, including but not limited to, abstracts, articles, journals, publications, texts, treatises, technical data sheets, internet web sites, databases, patents, patent applications, and patent publications.
[127]
Examples
EXAMPLE 1: 6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoirnidazol-l-yl)-9-[2-(4-methanesulfonyl- piperazin-l-yI)-ethyl]-2-morpholin-4-yl-9H-purine
Figure imgf000042_0001
Step 1: To a solution of la in DMF was added NaH with ice-bath. The resulting mixture was stirred for 15min. at 0-5 °C and was added lb. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2h and evaporated to remove DMF. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=8:1) to give lc (1.74g, 67.4%).
Step 2: To a solution of Id (599mg, 3.57mmol) in DMF (20mL) was added NaH (143mg, 3.57mmol) with ice-bath. The resulting mixture was stirred for 15min. at 0-5 °C and was added lc (1.43g, 3.57mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. over night and evaporated to remove DMF. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=1 :2) to give le (1.13g, 59.5% yield).
Step 3: A solution of le in morpholine (lOmL) was heated at 80 °C for lh and evaporated under vacuum to provide crude If which was used for next step without further purification.
Step 4: To a suspension of If in methanol was added a solution of HCl/Et20 (2.5N, lOmL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight, then evaporated to provide lg. Step 5: To a mixture of lg and Et3N in DCM was added MsCl under ice-bath. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 hours, and then evaporated. The residue was triturated with methanol and filtered to provide 1 (305mg, 78.1% from le). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 6=2.67 (t, 4H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.88 (t, 2H), 3.22 (t, 4H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 8H), 4.29 (t, 2H), 7.27-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.74-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.94 (m, 2H). LC-MS
[M+H]+:562.1
EXAMPLE 2: 2-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-l-yl]-2-morpholin-4 - ylpurin-9-yl} ethan-l-ol
Figure imgf000043_0001
Step 1: A mixture of la (5.67g, 30mmol), 2a (2.8g, 45mmol) and Ph3P (11.8g, 45mmol) in THF (200mL) was stirred at r.t. for lhour under N2 atmosphere, then was added DIAD (9.09g, 45mmol) dropwise under ice-bath. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. over 2 days. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA:DCM =1 : 1 :0.4) to give 2b (5.05g, 72% yield).
Step 2: The procedure from 2b to 2c was similar to that of lc to le which provided 2c (47mg, 13%).
Step 3: The procedure from 2c to 2 was similar to that of le to If which provided 2 (52mg, 98%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=3.80 (brs, 1H), 3.84-3.87 (m, 8H), 4.08 (t, 2H), 4.34 (t, 2H), 7.38-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H). LC- MS [M+H]+:416.1. EXAMPLE 3: 6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-9- (tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-9H-purine
Figure imgf000044_0001
Step 1: DIAD (2.38g, 11.9mmol, 1.5eq) was added dropwise to a solution of 3a
(1.22g, 11.9mmol, 1.5eq), la (1.5g,7.94mmol,leq) and PPh3 (3.12g,11.9mmol, 1.5eq) in THF(15mL) under N2 at 0°C. Then the mixture was stirred at r.t overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to afford 3b (1.3g,yield: 63% ).
HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):8.18(s, 1 H),4.81 -4.72(m, 1H),4.21 ~4.15(m,2H),3.67~3.58(m ,2H),2.27~2.11 (m,4H). ES-MS m/z: 273(M++1).
Step 2: To a solution of Id (247mg, 1.47mmol, leq) in DMF(4mL) was added NaH (60%, 70mg, 1.76mmol,1.2 eq) portion-wise at 0~5°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30min at r.t. Then 3b (400mg, 1.47mmol, leq) was added to the mixture portion-wise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to give 3c (360mg, yield: 61%) as off-white solid.
HNMR
(CDCl3,300MHz):8.28(s,lH),8.01(s,lH),7.96~7.84(m,2H),7.70~7.63(m,2H),4.88 (m,lH),4.24~4.20(m,2H),3.71~3.63(m,2H),2.33~2.24(m,2H),2.29~2.21(m,2H). ES-MS m/z: 405.5(M++1).
Step 3: A mixture of 3c (350mg, 0.866mmol, leq), Et3N(0.18ml,1.30mmol,1.5eq), and morpholine (75mg,0.866mmol, 1 eq) in EtOH(lOmL) was stirred at 70°C overnight. The resulting solid was collected by filtration to afford compound 3
(231mg, purity>95%, yield: 59%) as white solid. HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):7.94-7.91(m,lH),7.87(s,lH),7.75~7.71(m,lH),7.62~7.37(m ,3H),4.66~4.58(m)lH))4.23-4.17(m,2H),3.90~3.81(m,8H),3.68~3.53(m,2H),2.33~2.2 4(m,2H),2.17~2.1 l(m,2H). ES-MS m/z: 456(M++1).
EXAMPLE 4: 9-sec-Butyl-6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin- 4-yl-9H-purine
Figure imgf000045_0001
1a 4b 4c 4
Step 1: DIAD (2.5g, 13mmol, 1.2eq) was added drop-wise to a solution of 4a (lmL, l lmmol, l. leq), la (2g, lOmmol, leq) and PPh3 (3.3g,13mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (20mL) under N2 at 0°C. Then the mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 4b (1.5g, yield: 57%).
HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):8.12(s,lH), 4.70(m, 1H), 2.06(m, 2H), 1.63(d, 3H), 0.91(t, 3H).
Step 2: To a solution of Id (300mg, 1.8mmol, leq) in DMF (4mL) was added NaH (60%, 75mg, 1.8mmol, leq) at 0~5°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30min at 0-5°C and to the mixture was added 4b (459mg, 1.8mmol, leq) portion-wise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t over weekend. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=4: 1) to give 4c (330mg, yield: 50%) as a colorless oil. ES-MS m/z: 377 (M++l)
Step 3: A solution of 4c (330mg, 0.85mmol) in morpholine (4mL) was heated to 80°C for lh. After cooling, the solvent was removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography (EA:PE=1:4) to give compound 4 (150mg, yield: 41%) as a white solid.
HNMR(CDC13, 300MHz): 7.93(m, 1H), 7.83(s, 1H), 7.77(m, 1H), 7.45(m, 3H), 4.58(m, 1H), 3.89(m, 8H), 2.09(m, 2H), 1.65(d, 3H), 0.94(t, 3H).
ES-MS m/z: 428 (M++l). EXAMPLE 5 : 2-[6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl- purin-9-yl]-propan-l-ol
Figure imgf000046_0001
5d 5e 5
Step 1 : A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (3.9g, 20mmol, leq), TsOH.H20 (117mg, 0.61mmol) and 2H-3,4-dihydropyran (4.6mL, 50mmol, 2.5eq) in ethyl acetate was heated to 50°C for 2h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5a (5.0g, yield: 95%) as a white solid. ES-MS m/z:
273(M+H+).
Step 2: NaH (60%, l . lg, 45.8mmol, 1.5eq) was added protion-wise to a solution of compound Id (3.4g, 20.1mmol, l .leq) in DMF(50mL) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at r.t for 45min. Compound 5a (5.0g, 18.3mmol, leq) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at r.t over weekend. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with water for 3 times, dried, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5b (3.4g, yield: 45.8%) as a white solid.
'H NMR(CDC13, 300MHZ, ppm): δ 10.23(s, 1H), 7.72(d, 1H), 7.54(d, 1H)
ES-MS m/z: 321(M+H+).
Step 3: A mixture of 5b (3g, 7.43mmol, leq), Et3N (1.54mL, 1.5eq) and morpholine (0.78g, 1.2eq) in ethanol(150mL) was heated to 70 °C overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and water was added, the resulting precipitate was collected and washed with ethanol to give 5c (3.3g, yield: 97.6%).
Ή NMR(CDC13, 300MHz, ppm): δ 8.02(s, 1H), 7.92(m, 1H), 7.72(m, 1H), 7.41(m, 3H), 5.67(m, 1H), 4.18(m, 1H), 3.88(m, 12H), 2.14(m, 4H), 1.80(m, 4H)
ES-MS m/z: 456(M+H+).
Step 4: A mixture of 5c (3.3g, 7.25mmol,1.0eq) in HCl/EA(40mL ) was stirred at 0°C for 30min, and then warmed to room temperature for 1.5h. The mixture was filtered and the yellow solid was washed with aq. NaHC03 to give 5d (2.52g, yield: 93.7%) as a white solid.
•H NMR(DMSO-d6, 300MHz, ppm): δ 8.21(s, 1H), 7.87(m, 1H), 7.75(m, 1H), 7.41(m, 3H), 3.73(m, 12H).
ES-MS m/z: 372(M+H+).
Step 5: A mixture of 5d (2.52g, 6.79mmol, leq), 2C03 (2.8g, 20.37mmol, 3eq), methyl 2-bromopropanoate (1.7g, 10.19mmol, 1.5eq), Cul (778.4mg, 4.07mmol, 0.6eq) in CH3CN(150mL) was heated to reflux for 4h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give 5e (1.8g, yield: 57.9%) as a yellow solid.
ES-MS m/z: 458(M+H+).
Step 6: To a suspension of LiAlH4(179.2mg, 4.72mmol, 1.2eq) in THF(45mL) was added 5e (1.8g, 3.93mmol, leq) in THF(5mL) at 0~5°C and the mixture was stirred at for lh. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and water was added to the residue in an ice-bath. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the water phase was filtered and extracted with ether acetate again, the organic layers were combined and dried, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give compound 5 (lg, yield: 59.3%) as a light red solid.
'HNMRiCDC , 300MHz, ppm): δ 7.92(m, 2H), 7.75~7.38(m, 4H), 4.72(m, 1H), 4.08(m, 2H), 3.84(m, 8H), 3.28(t, 1H), 1.67(d, 3H).
ES-MS m/z: 430(M+H+).
EXAMPLE 6: 2-[6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-(8-oxa-3-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-purin-9-yl]-propan-l-oI
Figure imgf000048_0001
Step 1: A mixture of 5b (202mg, 0.5mmol, leq), 8-oxa-3- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane.HCl (85mg, 0.57mmol, 1.14eq) and Cs2C03(489mg, l.Smmol, 3eq) in DMF(6mL) was stirred at 80°C for 2 hr. The mixture was poured into ice-water, the resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with water to give compound 6a (170mg, yield: 70%) as a white solid.
ES-MS m/z: 482(M+H+). ^
Step 2: A mixture of 6a (80mg, 0.17mmol,1.0eq) in HCl/EA(3mL ) was stirred at 0°C for 30min. The mixture was adjusted pH to 8-9 with aq. NaHC03 and extracted with EA 3 times. The combined organic layers were dried, filtered and concentrated to give 6b (54mg, yield: 81.8%).
ES-MS m/z: 398(M+H+)
Step 3: A mixture of 6b (54mg, 0.13mmol, leq), K2C03(56.3mg, 0.39mmol, 3eq), methyl 2-bromopropanoate (34.1mg, 0.20mmol, 1.5eq), Cul(15.6mg, 0.08mmol, 0.6eq) in CH3CN(5mL) was heated to reflux for overnight. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give 6c (29mg, yield: 44.2%).
ES-MS m/z: 484(M+H+)
Step 4: To a suspension of LiAlH4(5mg, 0.12mmol, 2.0eq) in THF(5mL) was added 6c (29mg, 0.06mmol, leq) in THF(0.5mL) at 0-5°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for lh. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and water was added to the residue in an ice-bath. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate 3 times, the combined organic layers were dried, concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give compound 6 (7mg, yield: 26%).
•HNMRCCDCD, 300MHZ, ppm): δ 7.91(m, 2H), 7.75~7.38(m, 4H), 4.74(m, 1H), 4.51(m, 2H), 4.22(m, 2H), 4.05(m, 2H), 3.32(m, 2H), 1.97(m, 2H), 1.81(m, 2H), 1.67(d, 3H).
ES-MS m/z: 456(M+H+).
EXAMPLE 7: 4-{l-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-4[2-(difluoromethyl) benzimidazolyl]pyrazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl}morpholine HCI salt
Figure imgf000049_0001
7a , 7c 7d 7e 7f
Figure imgf000049_0002
Step 1: 7a (2g, 20mmol) and 7b (2.64g, 20mmol) in methanol (75mL) was stirred at r.t. for 1.5h. The solvent was evaporated to afford 7c which was used for next step directly.
Step 2: NaBH3CN (1.26g, 20mmol) was added slowly to a solution of 7c obtained above in 50% acetic acid (70mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5h at r.t., neutralized with IN NaOH and extracted with DCM. The extract was washed with sat. NaHC03, dried and evaporated to give 7d (4.3g, ca. 100%) as a white solid. TFA (23g, 0.2mol) was added to a solution of 7d in DCM (30mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2h and evaporated to dryness to provide 7e (6.8g) which was used for next step directly. Step 3: To a solution of 7f (1.5g, 7.1mmol) in EtOH (50mL) was added drop-wise a solution of 7e (6.8g, 20mmol) in EtOH (30mL), followed by TEA (4.46mL, 32mmol) at -78°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for 30min, warmed to 0°C for 30min and adjusted to pH=5~6 with 3N HCl subsequently. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and cold ethanol and dried to give 7g (1.04g, 60%).
Step 4: To a solution of Id in DMF was added NaH with ice-bath. The resulting mixture was stirred for 15min. at 0-5 °C and' was added 7g. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. over night and evaporated to remove DMF. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=1 :2) to give 7h.
Step 5: The procedure from 7h to 7 was similar to that of Example 3 (630mg). 1H- NMR (300MHz, DMSO-cfc): 6=1.89-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 3.57 (t, 2H), 3.70-3.87 (m, 8H), 3.99-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.86-4.94 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.92- 7.94 (m, 2H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 456.1.
EXAMPLE 8: 4-{4-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazoIyl]-6-morpholin-4- ylpyrazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidinyl}piperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone
Figure imgf000050_0001
8h Step 1 : The procedure from 8a to 8e was similar to that of 7a to 7g which provided 8e (6.14g, 75.6% from 8a).
Step 2: The procedure from 8e to 8g was similar to that of lc to If which provided 8g (1.04g, 71 % from 70e).
Step 3: To a solution of 8g (2.08g, 3.54mmol) in methanol (200mL) and DCM (lOOmL) was added 800mg of 10% Pd/C. The mixture was degassed for three times with N2, and hydrogenated under H2 atmosphere over night. After removing Pd/C by filtration, the reaction was evaporated and dried to give 8h (800mg, 100%).
Step 4: The procedure from 8h to 8 was similar to that of lg to 1 which provided 8 (910mg, 89%). 1H- MR (300MHz, OMSO-d6): 5=1.95-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.76 (d, 3H), 3.00-3.12 (m, 4H), 3.21-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.66-3.87 (m, 12H), 4.86- 4.89 (m, IH), 7.33-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.91-7.95 (m, 2H), 10.87 (brs, IH). LC-MS [M+H]+: 581.2.
EXAMPLE 9: l-(2-{4-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-6-morpholin-4- ylpyrazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidinyl}ethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine
Figure imgf000052_0001
9f 9h
Step 1 : A mixture of lb (4.85g, 16.5mmol) and 9a (16.5g, 0.33mol) in ethanol (50mL) was heated under reflux overnight, then evaporated under high vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in ethanol and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated and dried to give crude 9b (4.02g, ca. 100%).
Step 2: The procedure from crude 9b to 9e was similar to that of 7e to 7 which provided 9e (940mg, 10.8% from 9b).
Step 3: The procedure from 9e to 9h was similar to that of If to 1 which provided 9h (733mg, 81% from 9e).
Step 4: To a suspension of 9h (733mg, 1.31mmol) in methanol (lOmL) was added a solution of HCl/Et20 (20mL). The mixture was stirred for 5 hours, then evaporated to provide 9 (880mg). IH-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-cfe): 5=3.00 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.89 (m, 14H), 4.81 (t, 2H), 7.33-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.92-7.95 (m, 2H), 11.79 (brs, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 562.2. EXAMPLE 10: 4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin- 9-yl}piperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone
Figure imgf000053_0001
1a 10a 10b 10c
Figure imgf000053_0002
Step 1 : The procedure from crude la to lOd was similar to that of la to 3 which provided lOd (884mg, 16.1% from la).
Step 2: To a solution of lOd (884mg, 1.59mmol) in DCM (15mL) was added TFA (1.8mL). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2h, evaporated and the residue was dissolved in DCM again and washed with sat. aq. NaHC03. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The residue was triturated with EA (3mL) and filtered to provide lOe (640mg, yield: 88.5%).
Step3: The procedure from lOe to 10 was similar to that of lg to 1 which provided 10 (205mg, 70.6%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.13-2.21 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.98-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.37 (t, 4H), 3.81-3.94 (m, 10H), 4.52- 4.61 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.93 (m, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+:581.3.
EXAMPLE 11: [4-[6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-l-yl]-2-rnorpholino-purin- 9-yl]-l-piperidyl]-(4-fluorophenyl)methanone
Figure imgf000054_0001
10e 11a 11
To a solution of lOe (45 mg, 0.099mmol) in DMF (15mL) was added 11a (14mg, 0.099mmol), followed by HATU (41mg, 0.109mmol) and DIEA (25mg, 0.20mmol). After being stirred at r.t. for 2h, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was retreated with methanol (5mL), filtrated to give 11 (25.3mg, yield: 44.3%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.18-2.28 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 8H), 4.15- 4.25 (m, IH), 4.61-4.72 (m, IH), 4.85-4.97 (m, IH), 7.11-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.61 (m, 5H), 7.71-7.75 (m, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.91-7.94 (m, IH). LC-MS [M+H]+: 577.2.
EXAMPLE 12: [4-[6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-l-yl]-2-morpholino-purin- 9- l]-l-piperidyl]-(4-pyridyl)methanone
Figure imgf000054_0002
The procedure from lOe to 12 was similar to that of lOe to 11 which provided 12 (23.5mg, yield: 42.5%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.15-2.35 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.05 (m, IH), 3.29-3.38 (m, IH), 3.81-3.91 (m, 9H), 4.61-4.73 (m, IH), 4.98-5.04 (m, IH), 7.25-7.61 (m, 5H), 7.71-7.75 (m, IH), 7.85 (s, IH), 7.91-7.94 (m, IH), 8.74-8.76 (d, 2H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 560.2.
EXAMPLE 13: [4-[6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazoI-l-yl]-2-morpholino-purin- 9-yI]-l-piperidyl]-(3-pyridyl)methanone
Figure imgf000055_0001
10e 13a 13
The procedure from lOe to 13 was similar to that of lOe to 11 which provided 13
(48mg, yield: 86.7%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 8=2.05-2.37 (m, 4H), 3.08-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.88 (m, 8H), 4.01-4.15 (m, IH), 4.62-4.73 (m, IH), 4.88-5.04 (m, IH), 7.25-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.75 (m, IH), 7.81-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.94 (m, IH), 8.71- 8.74 (m, 2H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 560.2.
EXAMPLE 14: (4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin- 9- I}piperidyl)-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide
Figure imgf000055_0002
10e 14a 14
The procedure from lOe to 14 was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided 14 (275mg, 79.5%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.13-2.21 (m, 4H), 2.89 (s, 6H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.92 (m, 10H), 4.52-4.58 (m, IH), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.72- 7.75 (m, IH), 7.90 (s, IH), 7.91-7.93 (m, IH). LC-MS [M+H]+:526.2.
EXAMPLE 15: methyl 4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4- ylpurin-9-yl}piperidinecarboxylate
Figure imgf000056_0001
10e 15a 15
The procedure from lOe to 15 was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided 15 (254mg, 49.6%). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 6=2.07-2.24 (m, 4H), 2.97-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.88 (m, 8H), 4.34-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.62 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.71-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.89-7.95 (m, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+:513.2.
EXAMPLE 16: 4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morphoIin-4-ylpurin- 9- l}-l-(methylsulfonyl)piperidine
Figure imgf000056_0002
The procedure from lOe to 16 was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided 16 (73mg, 78.4%). IH-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d6): 5=2.13-2.32 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.05 (m, 5H), 3.72-3.82 (m, 10H), 4.55-4.63 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.71-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.91 (m, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 533.2.
EXAMPLE 17: (2R)-l-(4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4- ylpurin-9-yI}piperidyl)-2-hydroxypropan-l-one
Figure imgf000057_0001
10e 17a 17b
Step 1: The procedure from lOe to 17b was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided crude 17b. 17b was used directly to the next step without further purification.
Step 2: To a solution of 17b which was from step 1 in THF (5mL) was added IN LiOH (0.3mL). After stirred at r.t. for 2h, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column (DCM: MeOH=20:l) to afford 17 (80mg, yield: 86.9%). 1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCI3): 5=1.32-1.43 (m, 3H), 2.17-2.31 (m, 4H), 2.83- 2.96 (m, IH), 3.23-3.36 (m, IH), 3.81-3.88 (m, 8H), 3.89-4.04 (m, IH), 4.49-4.68 (m, 2H), 4.83-4.96 (m, IH), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.71-7.75 (m, IH), 7.83 (s, IH), 7.91-7.94 (m, IH). LC-MS [M+H]+: 527.2.
EXAMPLE 18: 4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin- 9-yl}piperidyl pyrrolidinyl ketone
Figure imgf000057_0002
10e 18a 18
The procedure from lOe to 18 was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided 18 (240mg, 62.2%). 1H-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): δ=1.84 (t, 4H), 2.12-2.20 (m, 4H), 2.94-3.03 (m, 2H), 3.41 (t, 4H), 3.80-3.88 (m, 8H), 3.98-4.02 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.59 (m, IH), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.72-7.75 (m, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.89-7.93 (m, IH). LC-MS [M+H]+:552.3. EXAMPLE 19: 4-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazolyl]-2- morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}piperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone
Figure imgf000058_0001
19d 19
The procedure from 10b to 19 was similar to that of 10b to 10 which provided 19 (140mg, 14.7% from 10b). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.15-2.19 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.47-2.55 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.42 (t, 4H), 3.79-3.94 (m, 10H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.51-4.62 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.81 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.85 (s, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 611.3.
EXAMPLE 20: 4-{6-[2-(difluorornethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazolyl]-2- morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}-l-(methylsulfonyl)piperidine
Figure imgf000058_0002
19d 9g 20
The procedure from 19d to 20 was similar to that of lOe to 10 which provided 20 (85mg, 73.4%). IH-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-de): 5=2.13-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.93-3.08 (m, 5H), 3.63-3.77 (m, 10H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 4.55-4.61 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.68 (m, 3H), 78.49 (s, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+: 563.2. EXAMPLE 21 : l-(9-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-6- yl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazole
Figure imgf000059_0001
3b 19a 21a
The procedure from 3b to 21 was similar to that of 3b to 3 which provided 21 (70mg, 15.1%). IH-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d6): 8=1.98-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.75 (m, 8H), 3.97-4.03 (m, 5H), 4.59-4.70 (m, 1H), 6.91 (d, 1H), 7.23-7.66 (m, 3H), 8.43 (s, 1H). LC-MS [M+H]+:486.2.
EXAMPLE 22: (3-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin- 9-yl}pyrroIidinyl)-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide
Figure imgf000059_0002
22d 22e 22
Stepl: The procedure from crude la to 22d was similar to that of la to 3 which provided 22d (743mg, 48.3% from la).
Step 2: The procedure from crude 22d to 22 was similar to that of lOd to 10 which provided 22 (346mg, 91.8% from 22d). IH-NMR (300MHz, CDCI3): 5=2.37-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 6H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.90 (m, 9H), 4.00-4.06 (m, 1H), 5.11-5.19 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.71-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.95 (m, 1H). LC- MS [M+H]+:512.2.
EXAMPLE 23: 4-{3-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-7-[2-(difluoromethyl) benzimidazolyl]-l,2,3-triazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}morphoIine
Figure imgf000060_0001
Stepl: To a solution of 3a (7.13g, 69.9mmol) in THF (300mL) at 0~5°C, were added Ph3P (21.35g, 81.5mmol) and DIAD (16.46g, 81.5mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. for 3 days, then evaporated. The residue was purified by flash column (PE: EA=10:1) to give 23a (5.02g, yield: 56.5%).
Step 2: To a solution of ethanol (40mL) was sodium (0.905g, 39.4mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to reflex until the solid sodium disappeared. After being cooled to r.t., 23a (5.0g, 39.4mmol) and 23b (3.3 lg, 39.4mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 5h, cooled to r.t., filtered and washed with ethanol to afford 23c (5.08g, yield: 61.1%)
Step3: To a solution of sodium ethoxide (4.11g, 60.5mmol) in ethanol was added 23c (5.08g, 24.1mmol) and ethyl ethoxyformate (9.94g, 84.3mmol) during 40 min at room temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C for 5h, then cooled to r.t. and filtrated to give 23d (5.62g, yield: 83%). Step 4: A mixture of 23d (600mg, 2.53mmol) and PhPOCl2 (lOmL) was heated at 140 °C overnight and 180 °C for another 8h, then cooled to r.t. and quenched with water. The mixture was extracted with DCM (30mLX 3). The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgS04, concentrated and purified by flash column (PE: EA= 4: 1) to afford 23e (579mg, yield: 83.5%)
Step 5: The procedure from 23e to 23 was similar to that of 3b to 3 which provided 23 (393mg, 44.9% from 23e). 1H-NMR (300MHz, CDC13): 5=2.11-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.53- 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.69 (m, 2H),'3.82 (t, 4H), 3.98 (t, 4H), 4.92-5.02 (m, 1H), 7.42- 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.85-7.96 (m, 2H). LC-MS [M+H]+:457.2.
[128] Biochemical Assay (example)
[129] Assays were performed as described in Fabian et al. (2005) Nature
Biotechnology, vol. 23, p.329 and in Karaman et al. (2008) Nature Biotechnology, vol. 26, p.127.
[130] Kinase assays. For most assays, kinase-tagged T7 phage strains were grown in parallel in 24-well blocks in an E. coli host derived from the BL21 strain. E. coli were grown to log-phase and infected with T7 phage from a frozen stock (multiplicity of infection ~ 0.1) and incubated with shaking at 32 °C until lysis (-90 minutes). The lysates were centrifuged (6,000 x g) and filtered (0.2 mm) to remove cell debris. The remaining kinases were produced in HEK-293 cells and subsequently tagged with DNA for qPCR detection. Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads were treated with biotinylated small molecule ligands for 30 minutes at room temperature to generate affinity resins for kinase assays. The liganded beads were blocked with excess biotin and washed with blocking buffer (SeaBlock (Pierce), 1 % BSA, 0.05 % Tween 20, 1 mM DTT) to remove unbound ligand and to reduce non-specific phage binding.
Binding reactions were assembled by combining kinases, liganded affinity beads, and test compounds in lx binding buffer (20 % SeaBlock, 0.17x PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 6 mM DTT). Test compounds were prepared as 40x stocks in 100% DMSO and directly diluted into the assay. All reactions were performed in polypropylene 384- well plates in a final volume of 0.04 ml. The assay plates were incubated at room temperature with shaking for 1 hour and the affinity beads were washed with wash buffer (lx PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20). The beads were then re-suspended in elution buffer (lx PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 0.5 mM non-biotinylated affinity ligand) and incubated at room temperature with shaking for 30 minutes. The kinase concentration in the eluates was measured by qPCR.
[131] Compounds were tested using the above assay at Ambit Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Generally, the compounds of this invention showed surprisingly potent and selective inhibition against PI3K5 (IC5o for most compounds are less than 1 μΜ, and for some are less than 30 nM), but less inhibitory activity against other isoforms (>100 nM against ΡΒΚα, β, y and mTOR). Example 2 showed surprisingly potent and selective inhibition against PI3K5 (IC5o less than 100 nM), but less inhibitory activity against other isoforms (>100 nM against ΡΙ3Κα, β, γ and mTOR). In contrast, the corresponding compound with methyl substitution (2d) did not show significant inhibition against PI3K5 at up to 100 nM.
Figure imgf000062_0001
Some of the methoxy substituted compounds, e.g. # 21, also showed potent inhibition of other PI3K isoforms (alpha and gamma), in addition to delta, at <100nM in these assays.
[132] Scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for pllOa, ρΐΐθβ, ρΐΐθγ, and PI3K 02β
[133] GST-tagged bovine pi 10a, GST-tagged human pi 10β, His-tagged pi 10γ, and Glu-tagged PI3K 02β are expressed in an SfWBaculovirus system and purified as fusion proteins. The test compounds are dissolved in DMSO (0.5 μΙ_) and each enzyme is mixed in 25 μΙ_ of buffer solution (pi 10a, β, γ assay: 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 160 mM NaCl, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 30 mM MgCl2, 0.4 mM EDTA, 0.4 mM •ΕσΤΑ; ΡΙ3Κ 2β assay: 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 160 mM NaCl, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 5 mM MgCl2, 15 mM CaCl2, 0.4 mM EDTA). Then, 25 μΐ. of 5 mM Tris-HCl supplemented with 1 μg PI (Sigma), 0.125 μθϊ [γ-33Ρ]ΑΤΡ (Amersham Pharmacia), and 2 μΜ non-radiolabeled ATP (Sigma) are added to the mixture to initiate the reaction. After allowing the reaction to proceed at room temperature for 120 min, 0.2 mg of wheat germ agglutinin-coated
[134] SPA beads (Amersham) in 150 μΐ- PBS is added. The mixture is left to stand for 5 min and then centrifuged at 300g for 2 min. Radioactivity is measured using TopCount (Packard).
[135] Cellular Assay:
[136] Proliferation assays
[137] Cells (A375, HeLa, A549, MCF7, and MCF7 ADR-res) are cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum and streptomycin/penicillin. Solutions of the test compounds (1 μΙ_<) are spotted onto a 96-well culture plate, followed by addition of cells (lxlO4) in 100 μL· After 46-h incubation, 10 μΙ_. of Alamar blue reagent is added to each well. After 2-h, the excitation/emission wavelengths at 544/590 nm are measured using Fluostar.

Claims

Claims We claim:
1. A compound of Formula IVa or IVb:
Figure imgf000064_0001
or a salt thereof; or a prodrug, or a salt of a prodrug thereof; or a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph thereof; wherein X is N or CR; A and B are each independently CH, N, NH, O or S, where A and B together with the carbon atoms they are attached to form a five or six-membered aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3; R, Rl5 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zl5 Z2 and Z3;
Zi, Z2 and Z3 are each independently:
(1) hydrogen, or Z6, where Z6 is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (12);
Figure imgf000064_0002
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ16, C(0)qO-Z16, -C(0)NZ17Z18, -C(0)C(0)NZ17Z18, or -O- C(0)qZi6, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ16, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro; (9) -Z4-NZ17Z18;
(10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo;
(12) -0-C(0)-Z16; or
(13) any two of Zl5 Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene, alkenylene, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached;
Z4 and Z5 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Zn-S(0)q-Z12-;
(3) -Z„-C(0)-Z12-;
(4) -Z„-0-Z12-;
Figure imgf000065_0001
(6) -Zn-0-C(0)-Z12-; or
(7) -Zn-C(0)-0-Z12;
Z11 and Z12 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) alkylene;
(3) alkenylene; or
(4) alkynylene; each Z16 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups:
(1) hydrogen or alkyl;
(2) -OH or -OZ21;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ21, -C(0)NZ17Z18, -C(0)C(0)NZ17Z18, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where each q is independently 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ21, or -S(0)qNZ17Z18;
(6) halo; (7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ17Z18;
(10) -Z4-N(Z18) -Z5-NZ19Z20;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z21;
each Z17 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi8 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Zi9 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z2o is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z2i is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; each Z22 is independently,
(1) hydrogen;
(2) -OH or -OZ21;
(3) -SH or -SZ2i;
(4) -C(0)2H, C(0)qZ21, -C(0)NZ21Z21, -C(0)C(0)NZ21Z21, or -0-C(0)qZ21, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H, -S(0)qZ21, or -S(0)qNZ21Z21;
(6) halo; (7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ21Z21;
(10) -Z4-N(Z21) -Z5-NZ21Z21;
(11) oxo; or
(12) -0-C(0)-Z21;
where Z17, Z18, Z19 or Z2o may be substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22; where Z17 and Z18, or Z19 and Z2o, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be a heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independent Z22; and
where any two of Z18, Z19 or Z2o together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached may be a 3- to 12-membered saturated or unsaturated mono-, bi-, or tri- heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1,
2, or 3 independent Z22.
The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula IVc:
Figure imgf000067_0001
wherein Rl 5 R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zl 5 Z2 and Z3.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula IVd:
Figure imgf000068_0001
wherein Ri, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula IVe:
Figure imgf000068_0002
wherein Rl5 R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3.
The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula IVf:
Figure imgf000068_0003
wherein X is N or CR; R, Rl5 R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zi, Z2 and Z3.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula IVg:
Figure imgf000069_0001
wherein X is N or CR; R, Rl5 R2, and R3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclo, each optionally substituted with Zl5 Z2 and Z3.
7. The compound of any of claims 1, 5, or 6, wherein X is N.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is one of
2-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin- 1 - ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine;
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-4-morpholin-4-yl- 1 -(tetrahydro-pyran-4- yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine;
2-(2-Difluoromethyl-4-methoxy-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- piperazin-l-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine; or
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-4-methoxy-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-4-morpholin-4-yl- 1 -(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is one of
Figure imgf000070_0001
10. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is one of
6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-9- [2-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)- ethyl]-2-morpholin-4-yl-9H-purine;
2- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl } ethan- 1 -ol;
6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-9-(tetrahydro-pyran-4- yl)-9H-purine;
9-sec-Butyl-6-(2-difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-9H-purine; 2- [6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol- 1 -yl)-2-morpholin-4-yl-purin-9-yl] -propan- 1 - ol;
2-[6-(2-Difluoromethyl-benzoimidazol-l-yl)-2-(8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)- purin-9-yl] -propan- 1 -ol;
4-{ l-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-4[2-(difluoromethyl)
benzimidazolyl]pyrazolo [5,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl}morpholine; or
4-{4-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-6-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidinyljpiperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is one of
1 -(2- { 4- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -6-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo [5 ,4- d]pyrimidinyl}ethyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine;
4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl jpiperidyl 4- methylpiperazinyl ketone;
[4- [6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-morpholino-purin-9-yl] - 1 -piperidyl] - (4-fluorophenyl)methanone;
[4- [6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-morpholino-purin-9-yl] - 1 -piperidyl] - (4-pyridyl)methanone;
[4- [6-[2-(dif uoromethyl)benzimidazol- 1 -yl] -2-morpholino-purin-9-yl] - 1 -piperidyl] - (3-pyridyl)methanone;
(4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl jpiperidyl)- N,N-dimethylcarboxamide;
methyl 4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9- yl Ipiperidinecarboxylate;
4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl } - 1 - (methylsulfonyl)piperidine;
(2R) - 1 - (4- {6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9- yl }piperidyl)-2-hydroxypropan- 1 -one;
4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl jpiperidyl pyrrolidinyl ketone;
4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9- yljpiperidyl 4-methylpiperazinyl ketone;
4- { 6- [2-(difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazolyl] -2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl } - 1 - (methylsulfonyl)piperidine;
l-(9-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-6-yl)-2- (difluoromethyl)-4-methoxybenzimidazole;
(3-{6-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazolyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylpurin-9-yl}pyrrolidinyl)- N,N-dimethylcarboxamide;
4-{3-(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-7-[2-(dif uoromethyl) benzimidazolyl] -1,2,3- triazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}morpholine.
12. A method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of claim 1.
13. A method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a compound of claim 1.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the disease is mediated by the PI-3 kinases.
15. A method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11.
16. A method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the disease is mediated by the ΡΒΚδ.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the disease is mediated by one or more of the PI3K isoforms.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the disease is cancer, immune disorder, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorder or neurological disorder.
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US20140051699A1 (en) 2014-02-20
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