WO2010130220A1 - 锂离子电池的制造方法和锂离子电池的封装壳 - Google Patents

锂离子电池的制造方法和锂离子电池的封装壳 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010130220A1
WO2010130220A1 PCT/CN2010/072733 CN2010072733W WO2010130220A1 WO 2010130220 A1 WO2010130220 A1 WO 2010130220A1 CN 2010072733 W CN2010072733 W CN 2010072733W WO 2010130220 A1 WO2010130220 A1 WO 2010130220A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
package
hollow tube
lithium ion
case
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PCT/CN2010/072733
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林道勇
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山东润峰集团新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2010130220A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010130220A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery manufacturing, and in particular to a method of manufacturing a lithium ion battery and a package of a lithium ion battery.
  • Lithium-ion batteries can be divided into two types according to the battery case package. One is a hard-shell lithium-ion battery, usually packaged in a steel case, an aluminum case, and a plastic case. The other is a soft-package lithium-ion battery, usually made of soft aluminum. Plastic composite film packaging.
  • the battery core should be deeply dried before the battery is injected, and the conditions should be as dry and anaerobic as possible during the injection.
  • the original liquid injection and chemical conversion process of the hard-shell lithium ion battery is as follows:
  • the current liquid injection method is mainly retained on the battery cover or battery case of a lithium ion battery. Inject the small hole to inject the liquid. Generally, the liquid is fixed on the liquid injection device first, then insert the liquid into the battery through the liquid injection hole with the sealing tube with the gasket, and then use the Haiba pump to inject the liquid. The electrolyte is injected into the tube, and then the battery and the infusion device are placed in a vacuum box to evacuate, and the gas in the battery is withdrawn along the infusion tube, and the electrolyte enters the battery.
  • the battery is wetted after the liquid is injected.
  • the purpose is to evenly distribute the electrolyte in the pole piece and the diaphragm, and discharge the gas in the micropores of the electrode material to improve the performance of the battery.
  • the lithium ion battery After the battery is wetted, the lithium ion battery will form a SEI film (So l id Elec trolyte Interface) on the surface of the negative electrode when it is first formed, and a large amount of gas will be generated during the formation of the SEI film, and the generated gas is easy to seal the tape or The high-absorbency filter paper is opened, so that the outside air can easily enter the inside of the battery, which seriously damages the performance of the battery.
  • SEI film So l id Elec trolyte Interface
  • an annular elastic capsule is usually applied.
  • the capsule includes a side wall portion that is in contact with the side of the battery when sleeved on the battery, an upper end portion that is in contact with the battery cover, and a lower end portion that is in contact with the bottom of the battery.
  • the elastic capsule can press the adhesive tape or the high-absorbent filter paper on the cover of the battery to seal the injection hole to prevent electrolyte leakage or moisture from entering.
  • a small square gasket is placed on the tape and then the plastic bottle is placed. After the plastic battery is placed and wetted, it is placed on the charging and rejected. Remove the capsule after the end, Seal with steel balls, and then tear off the tape on the injection hole. This may still cause the electrolyte to flow out of the battery to leave white spots.
  • the battery should be cleaned or polished with alcohol, acetone, etc.
  • Chinese patent 200720121914. 9 invented a plastic cartridge for the manufacturing process of a lithium ion battery, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery production and improve the performance of the battery, but this method cannot completely prevent the battery material from being exposed to the moisture in the air. The electrolyte may still corrode the battery case, leaving white spots.
  • the conventional method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery has the following problems: First, high environmental requirements during liquid injection, difficulty in liquid injection of the battery, and poor wetting effect; second, the gas generated during the formation is easy to stick the adhesive tape on the liquid injection hole. Or high-absorption filter paper, etc., so that the outside air enters the battery and damages the performance of the battery. Third, some harmful gases generated during the formation will stay inside the battery and damage the performance of the battery. Fourth, the electrolyte is formed. It easily escapes from the injection hole with the generated gas, corrodes the battery case, affects the appearance, and needs to be cleaned and polished. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery, which has a single process, does not require an expensive and versatile liquid injection device, a wetting device, and the like, and can prevent the electrolyte from corroding the battery case. And improve battery performance.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery, comprising: loading a battery core into a package, and placing one end of the hollow tube in the package case, and the other end opening in the package case
  • the encapsulating shell is sealed around the outside, and communicates with the outside through the hollow tube;
  • Vacuuming connecting the package shell to the vacuuming device through the hollow tube to evacuate;
  • the battery is sealed to produce a finished lithium ion battery.
  • the injecting electrolyte is: the liquid injection device is connected to the package shell through the hollow tube to inject an electrolyte solution.
  • the above method may further have the following feature, and the gas is discharged at the same time by vacuuming the hollow tube.
  • the above method may further have the following features: after the formation, the battery is evacuated through the hollow tube.
  • the present invention also provides a package case for a lithium ion battery, wherein a battery core is disposed in the case, the package case is provided with a hollow tube, and one end of the hollow tube is placed in the package case The other end is placed outside the package, and the hollow tube communicates with the outside.
  • the package can have the following features, and the hollow tube is provided with a rubber cap at an opening outside the package.
  • the package case may further have the following features, the package case includes a battery case for accommodating the battery cell, and a battery case cover plate for sealing the battery case, the hollow tube is disposed at the On the side wall of the battery case, or on the battery case cover.
  • the package can also have the following features, the package case is provided with an electrode pole, and the hollow tube is disposed in the electrode post.
  • the package can have the following features, and the hollow tube is a passage disposed in the electrode post.
  • the above-mentioned encapsulating shell may also have the following features, and the inner side of the passage is provided with a thread. Further, the package can have the following features, and the number of the hollow tubes is at least one.
  • the package can also have the following features: the package is made of a steel shell or an aluminum shell or a plastic shell.
  • the vacuuming device used can be realized by a general vacuum pump or a vacuum generator, and the liquid injection can be completed by using a single device, and the wetting process after the liquid injection does not need a special run.
  • the wet equipment can achieve uniform wetting, which not only reduces the equipment cost, but also makes the battery easy to operate, and the obtained battery performance is stable; when the chemical is formed and the battery is vacuumed, the residual gas in the battery can be effectively avoided. Battery life or use effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a package of a lithium ion battery provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of another package of a lithium ion battery provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery of the present invention.
  • the package of the lithium ion battery includes a battery case 1 for accommodating a battery cell, and a battery cell (not shown in FIG. 1) is mounted in the battery case 1 for sealing the battery case 1.
  • the battery case cover 2, the positive pole 3 and the negative pole 4 of the battery core extend out of the battery cover 2, the hollow tube 5 is disposed on the battery cover 2, and one end of the hollow tube 5 is placed in the package The other end is placed outside the package, the hollow tube 5 is connected to the outside, and the hollow tube 5 is placed at the opening outside the package with a rubber cap 6 for sealing the hollow tube 5 after vacuuming to prevent the outside.
  • the rubber cap 6 can also be replaced with a three-way valve or the like.
  • the hollow tube may be provided with a thread on the outer side of the outer portion of the package to allow for vacuuming.
  • the hollow tube is sealed with bolts adapted to the thread.
  • the package of the lithium ion battery also includes a battery case 1 in which a battery cell (not shown in FIG. 2) is mounted, a battery case cover 2, a positive electrode post 3 of the battery cell, and The negative electrode post 4 extends beyond the battery case cover 2, and unlike the package case shown in Fig. 1, in Fig. 2, the hollow tube 5 is disposed in the positive electrode post 3.
  • the hollow tube 5 can also be disposed in the negative pole 4 .
  • the hollow tube 5 may be a passage provided on the positive and negative poles. Further, the inside of the passage may be provided with a thread to seal the passage with a screw adapted to the thread after evacuation.
  • the hollow tube may be disposed at other locations of the package, such as the side walls of the battery case.
  • the number of hollow tubes is at least one, and the length and size of the hollow tubes may be determined according to the capacity, shape or size of the battery, and the package may be a steel shell or an aluminum shell or a plastic shell.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery of the present invention.
  • the method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 301 pre-sealing the package shell: insert the battery core into the package shell, and place one end of the hollow tube in the package shell, and the other end opening is placed outside the package shell, and the package shell is sealed around the hollow shell. Communicate with the outside world;
  • the package shell can be reserved for the explosion-proof valve in addition to the hollow tube to communicate with the outside.
  • Step 302 vacuuming: connecting the hollow tube to the suction pipe of the vacuuming device, vacuuming the package shell, sealing the hollow tube when the vacuum degree in the package shell reaches the requirements of the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, disconnecting
  • the hollow tube is connected with the suction pipe of the vacuum device, and the hollow tube is sealed by a rubber cap or a three-way valve, so that the inside of the package is vacuumed and does not communicate with the outside;
  • Step 303 injecting liquid: removing the rubber cap of the hollow tube or opening the hollow tube to the opening outside the package through a three-way valve, and connecting the opening of the outer end of the hollow tube to the liquid injection pipe of the liquid injection device Injecting liquid, because the inside of the package is vacuum, and the liquid injection equipment is in the natural environment, that is, the atmospheric pressure environment, the electrolyte will naturally flow into the package, the liquid injection method is simple, and
  • Step 304 forming: connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the battery core on the package shell to the corresponding positive and negative electrodes of the chemical conversion device to form a battery;
  • Step 305 after the end of the formation, repeat step 302, and then proceeds to step 306;
  • Step 306 sealing the hollow tube so that the package is completely sealed and not in communication with the outside; after sealing, the finished battery is prepared.
  • the battery in the step of forming, may be evacuated while being formed into a battery, so that the gas remaining in the battery and the newly generated gas in the formation process can be discharged while being formed, thereby realizing formation in a vacuum state.
  • the pressure is checked, and the residual gas in the battery or the gas generated in the battery is effectively stored in the battery, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the vacuuming device used can be realized by a general vacuum pump or a vacuum generator; the liquid injection can be completed by using a single device, and the wetting process after the liquid injection does not require a special run.
  • Wet equipment can achieve uniform wetting, not only reduce equipment cost, the battery manufacturing process is easy to operate, and the obtained battery performance is stable; when the chemical is formed and the battery is vacuumed, the residual gas in the battery can be effectively avoided. Battery life or use effect.

Description

说 明 书 锂离子电池的制造方法和锂离子电池的封装壳 技术领域
本发明涉及电池制造领域， 尤其涉及一种锂离子电池的制造方法和锂离 子电池的封装壳。
背景技术
锂离子电池自二十世纪九十年代开发成功以来， 由于它具有能量高、 循 环寿命长、 工作电压高、 无污染等独特的优势， 现已广泛应用于移动电话、 数码相机、 笔记本电脑等电子电器中， 并逐步向电动自行车、 电动汽车， 备 用电源等大容量动力锂离子电池应用领域拓展。锂离子电池如果按电池壳包 装形式可以分为两种， 一种为硬壳锂离子电池， 通常以钢壳、 铝壳以及塑料 壳包装； 另一种为软包装锂离子电池， 通常以软质铝塑复合膜包装。
在锂离子电池生产过程中， 水份对电池的性能会产生极大的破坏作用， 因此在电池注液前电池芯要进行深度干燥， 并且在注液时要尽量在无水和无 氧的条件下进行， 硬壳锂离子电池原有注液、 化成工艺是这样的：
注液；
注液孔上贴胶布或高吸收性滤纸并套上胶圏以密封注液孔；
静置以润湿；
4匕成充电；
钢珠封口；
撕胶布；
清洗电池上残留电解液的痕迹。
目前采用的注液方法主要是在锂离子电池的电池盖或电池壳体上保留 注液小孔来进行注液， 注液时一般是先将电池固定在注液装置上， 然后用带 有密封垫的注液管通过注液孔插入电池内部，再用海霸泵往注液管中注入电 解液， 然后将电池和注液装置放入真空箱中进行抽真空， 让电池中的气体顺 着注液管被抽出， 同时电解液进入电池内。 由于电池材料缝隙内的细小气泡 在电解液的压力下不能完全释放出来， 从而造成注液困难， 生产效率低， 润 湿效果差， 另外注液时易出现电解液接触空气， 吸收空气中的水份， 从而损 坏电池性能。
因为一般的注液、 静置和化成环境达不到无水的要求， 为了防止空气中 水份会进入锂离子电池中， 给电池带来的负面影响， 所以注液后锂离子电池 不能敞口放置在空气中， 一般都要在注液孔上贴上胶布或高吸收性滤纸。
电池注液后就要开始润湿， 其目的是使电解液均匀分布于极片及隔膜 中， 排出电极材料微孔中的气体， 以提高电池的性能。
现有的制造方法中需要专用且昂贵的注液和润湿设备才能达到好的注 液和润湿效果。
电池润湿后， 锂离子电池首次化成时会在负极表面形成 SEI膜（So l id Elec trolyte Interface ), 而在 SEI膜的形成过程中会产生大量气体， 而产 生的气体容易将密封的胶布或高吸收性滤纸顶开，从而使外界的空气容易进 入到电池内部， 严重损坏电池的各项性能。
另一方面化成时电池内的电解液易随着产生的气体从注液孔溢出，腐蚀 电池壳。为了防止电解液流出后留下的白斑，一般还要套上一环形弹性胶圏。 胶圏包括套设在电池上时与电池侧面接触的侧壁部分、与电池盖接触的上端 部分、 与电池底部接触的下端部分。 该弹性胶圏可将胶布或高吸收性滤纸紧 压在电池上盖上密封注液孔， 防止电解液漏出或者水份进入。 有的为了进一 步的防止漏液或水份进入， 会在胶布上放置一小块方形的垫片然后再套胶 圏，套好胶圏电池静置润湿后，放置在充电拒上化成，化成结束后取下胶圏， 用钢珠封口， 然后撕下注液孔上的胶布， 这样还是有可能有电解液流出在电 池上留下白斑， 对电池还要用酒精、 丙酮等进行清洗或抛光的工作。 中国专 利 200720121914. 9发明了一种用于锂离子电池制造工艺的胶圏， 可以降低 电池生产的制作成本， 提高电池的性能， 但是这种方法还是不能完全避免电 池材料接触到空气中的水份， 电解液还是可能腐蚀电池壳， 留下白斑。
另一方面化成时产生的有害气体会有一部分停留在电池内部， 这也会损 坏电池的性能。 中国专利 02134461. 2对传统的制造工艺进行了改进， 提供 了一种锂离子电池开口正压化成方法，但是还是不能完全避免电池材料接触 到空气中的水份， 并且排气不彻底， 以致于影响电池的性能。
因此用传统方法来制造锂离子电池， 存在如下问题： 一是注液时对环境 要求高、 电池注液困难、 润湿效果差； 二是化成时产生的气体容易将注液孔 上贴的胶布或高吸收性滤纸等顶开， 使外界的空气进入到电池内部， 损坏电 池的性能； 三是化成时产生的有害气体会有一部分停留在电池内部， 损坏电 池的性能；四是化成时电解液易随着产生的气体从注液孔溢出，腐蚀电池壳， 影响外观， 需要清洗和抛光。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种锂离子电池的制造方法， 其制造 过程筒单， 不需要昂贵且通用性低的注液设备、 润湿设备等设备， 能防止电 解液腐蚀电池壳， 并提高电池性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种锂离子电池的制造方法，包括： 将电池芯装入封装壳内， 并将中空管一端开口置于封装壳内， 另一端开 口置于封装壳外， 所述封装壳四周密封， 通过所述中空管与外界相通；
抽真空： 将封装壳通过所述中空管与抽真空设备连接抽真空；
注入电解液， 并静置； 化成、 抽真空；
电池封口， 制得锂离子电池成品。
进一步地， 上述方法还可具有以下特点， 所述注入电解液为： 注液设备 通过所述中空管与所述封装壳连接注入电解液。
进一步地， 上述方法还可具有以下特点， 化成同时通过所述中空管抽真 空的方式排出气体。
进一步地， 上述方法还可具有以下特点， 化成后通过中空管对电池抽真 空。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明还提出了一种锂离子电池的封装壳， 壳内 装有电池芯， 所述封装壳上设置有中空管， 所述中空管的一端置于所述封装 壳内， 另一端置于所述封装壳外， 所述中空管与外界相通。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述中空管置于封装壳外的 开口处设有胶帽。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述封装壳包括用于容纳电 池芯的电池壳和用于对所述电池壳进行密封的电池壳盖板， 所述中空管设置 在所述电池壳的侧壁上， 或者设置在所述电池壳盖板上。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述封装壳上设置有电极极 柱， 所述中空管设置在所述电极极柱内。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述中空管为设置在所述电 极极柱内的通道。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述通道内侧设有螺纹。 进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述中空管的数量为至少一 个。
进一步地， 上述封装壳还可具有以下特点， 所述封装壳的材质为钢壳或 铝壳或塑料壳。 本发明锂离子电池的制造方法中， 所使用的抽真空设备采用一般的真空 泵或真空发生器即可实现， 注液采用筒单设备即可完成， 注液后的润湿过程 也无需专用的润湿设备即可实现均匀润湿， 不仅降低设备成本， 电池的制作 过程筒单易操作， 且制得的电池性能稳定； 化成时和化成后对电池进行抽真 空可有效避免电池内残留气体从而影响电池寿命或使用效果。 附图说明
图 1是本发明提供的一种锂离子电池的封装壳的结构图；
图 2是本发明提供的另一种锂离子电池的封装壳的结构图；
图 3是本发明锂离子电池的制造过程示意图。
附图中， 各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1、 电池壳， 2、 电池壳盖板， 3、 正极极柱， 4、 负极极柱， 5、 中空管， 6、 胶帽。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述， 所举实例只用于解释本 发明， 并非用于限定本发明的范围。
图 1是本发明提供的一种锂离子电池的封装壳的结构图。 如图 1所示， 该锂离子电池的封装壳包括用于容纳电池芯的电池壳 1 , 电池壳 1中装有电 池芯（图 1中未示出 ), 用于对电池壳 1进行密封的电池壳盖板 2 , 电池芯的 正极极柱 3和负极极柱 4伸出电池壳盖板 2 , 设置在电池壳盖板 2上的中空 管 5 , 中空管 5的一端置于封装壳内， 另一端置于封装壳外， 中空管 5与外 界相通， 中空管 5置于封装壳外的开口处设有胶帽 6 , 用于抽真空后将中空 管 5密封， 防止外界气体等进入， 胶帽 6也可用三通阀等代替。 在其他实施 例中， 中空管置于封装壳外的部分外侧可以设有螺纹， 以便在抽真空后可以 用与该螺纹相适应的螺栓将该中空管密封。
图 2是本发明提供的另一种锂离子电池的封装壳的结构图。如图 2所示， 该锂离子电池的封装壳同样包括电池壳 1 , 电池壳 1中装有电池芯 （图 2中 未示出）， 电池壳盖板 2、 电池芯的正极极柱 3和负极极柱 4伸出电池壳盖板 2 , 与图 1所示封装壳不同的是， 图 2中， 中空管 5设置在正极极柱 3内。 当然， 中空管 5也可以设置在负极极柱 4内。 图 2中， 中空管 5可以是设置 在正、 负极极柱上的通道。 进一步地， 该通道内侧可以设有螺纹， 以便在抽 真空后用与该螺紋相适应的螺釘将通道密封。
当然， 除图 1和图 2所示的位置外， 在其他实施例中， 中空管还可以设 置在封装壳的其他位置， 比如电池壳的侧壁上。
各实施例中， 中空管的数量为至少一个， 中空管的长度及尺寸可根据电 池的容量、 形状或尺寸来确定， 封装壳可以为钢壳或铝壳或塑料壳。 下面根据上述的锂离子电池的封装壳结构，说明本发明的锂离子电池的 制造方法。
图 3是本发明锂离子电池的制造过程示意图。 如图 3所示， 本发明锂离 子电池的制造方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 301 , 将封装壳预密封： 将电池芯装入封装壳内， 并将中空管一端 开口置于封装壳内， 另一端开口置于封装壳外， 封装壳四周密封， 通过中空 管与外界相通；
预密封过程中，封装壳除通过中空管与外界相通外，还可以预留防爆阀。 步骤 302 , 抽真空： 将中空管与抽真空设备的抽气管道相连接， 对封装 壳抽真空，当封装壳内真空度达到锂离子电池制造工艺要求时，封住中空管， 断开中空管与真空设备的抽气管道的连接， 并用胶帽或三通阀等将中空管密 封， 使得封装壳内为真空， 且不与外界相通； 步骤 303 , 注液： 去除中空管的胶帽或通过三通阀将中空管置于封装壳 外的开口打开， 并将中空管外端开口与注液设备的注液管道相连接进行注 液， 由于封装壳内为真空， 而注液设备处在自然环境中即大气压的环境下， 因此电解液会自然流入封装壳内， 该注液方式筒单， 所需注液设备筒单， 注 液结束后， 将中空管断开并通过胶帽等密封， 电池静置进行润湿， 由于封装 壳内注液前为真空， 因此电池的润湿更加均匀， 无需专门的润湿设备； 步骤 304 , 化成： 将封装壳上的电池芯的正负极与化成设备的相应正负 极连接， 化成电池；
步骤 305 , 化成结束后， 重复步骤 302 , 之后进入步骤 306;
步骤 306 , 将中空管密封， 使得封装壳完全密封， 不与外界相通； 密封 后， 即制成电池成品。
在其他实施例中， 化成的步骤中可以在化成电池的同时抽真空， 从而可 在化成的同时将电池内残留的气体以及化成过程中新生成的气体排出， 实现 真空状态下的化成。 电池化成时压力均勾， 且有效避免电池内残留气体或化 成产生的气体积蓄在电池内， 从而达到提高电池性能的效果。
本发明锂离子电池的制造方法中，所使用的抽真空设备采用一般的真空 泵或真空发生器即可实现； 注液采用筒单设备即可完成， 注液后的润湿过程 也无需专用的润湿设备即可实现均匀润湿， 不仅降低设备成本， 电池的制作 过程筒单易操作， 且制得的电池性能稳定； 化成时及化成后对电池进行抽真 空可有效避免电池内残留气体从而影响电池寿命或使用效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种锂离子电池的制造方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
将电池芯装入封装壳内， 并将中空管一端开口置于封装壳内， 另一端 开口置于封装壳外， 所述封装壳四周密封， 通过所述中空管与外界相通； 抽真空： 将封装壳通过所述中空管与抽真空设备连接抽真空； 注入电解液， 并静置；
化成、 抽真空；
电池封口， 制得锂离子电池成品。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池的制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述 注入电解液为： 注液设备通过所述中空管与所述封装壳连接注入电解液。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池的制造方法， 其特征在于， 化成 同时通过所述中空管抽真空的方式排出气体。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的锂离子电池的制造方法， 其特征在于， 化成 后通过中空管对电池抽真空。
5. —种锂离子电池的封装壳， 壳内装有电池芯， 其特征在于， 所述封 装壳上设置有中空管， 所述中空管的一端置于所述封装壳内， 另一端置于所 述封装壳外， 所述中空管与外界相通。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述中空管置于封装 壳外的开口处设有胶帽。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述封装壳包括用于 容纳电池芯的电池壳和用于对所述电池壳进行密封的电池壳盖板， 所述中空 管设置在所述电池壳的侧壁上， 或者设置在所述电池壳盖板上。
8. 根据权利要求 5所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述封装壳上设置有 电极极柱， 所述中空管设置在所述电极极柱内。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述中空管为设置在 所述电极极柱内的通道。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述通道内侧设有螺 纹。
11.根据权利要求 5至 1 0任一项所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述中空 管的数量为至少一个。
12.根据权利要求 5至 1 0任一项所述的封装壳， 其特征在于， 所述封装 壳的材质为钢壳或铝壳或塑料壳。
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