WO2010111600A1 - Polymorphism in cyp3a4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof - Google Patents
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Definitions
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize endogenous and xenobiotic compounds.
- CYP3A4 belongs to the CYP3A subfamily and is the most abundant CYP enzyme. CYP3A4 is involved in metabolizing 45-60% of all currently used drugs (1), including several statins — cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
- statins cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
- CYP3A4 activity shows wide inter-individual variation, influencing drug response and toxicity. While genetic factors are thought to be main contributors to inter- individual differences in CYP3A4 activity (2), currently known CYP3A4 polymorphisms cannot account for the observed variability.
- CYP3A4*1B in the 5'- flanking region, has been associated with drug response and diseases (3,4), but results are inconsistent (5-7), and its function remains controversial (3,8-10).
- CYP3A4*1B is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the adjacent CYP3A5 (11), encoding a similar but usually less abundant CYP enzyme that could have accounted for any linked clinical phenotype (12).
- CYP3A4 polymorphisms include a TGT insertion (13), an enhancer region SNP (rs2737418) (14), and an intron7 SNP (rs4646437) (15). While reporter gene assays suggested an effect for the TGT insertion and for rs2737418, the in vivo significance of TGT remains unresolved (13), while results on CYP3A4 mRNA and enzyme activity were contradictory for rs2737418 (14). The intron7 SNP rs4646437 was found to be associated with CYP3A4 protein/enzyme activity, but only in livers from males (15). Therefore, the role of functional polymorphisms in CYP3A4 remains uncertain.
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms are useful as biomarkers for predicting disease susceptibility or progression, or as a guide for individualized therapy, including drug therapy.
- a method for predicting a subject's response to CYP3A4-metabolized compounds including, for example efficacy and/or adverse drug reactions.
- the method includes detecting the allelic status of one or more polymorphisms in a nucleic acid sample of the subject, wherein the polymorphism is one or more of: i) CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (C>T); or, ii) a SNP in linkage disequilibrium therewith, wherein the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject is predictive of the subject's risk for having or developing the CYP3A4-related disorder.
- a method of screening a subject for a prognostic biomarker of an CYP3A4-related disorder comprising detecting the allelic status of one or more polymorphisms in a nucleic acid sample of the subject, wherein the polymorphism is one or more of: i) CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (C>T); or, ii) a SNP in linkage disequilibrium therewith, wherein the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject is predictive of the prognostic outcome of the CYP3A4-related disorder.
- the method further includes the step of correlating the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject with the allelic status of the polymorphism in a reference population to predict the subject's risk for having or developing the CYP3A4-related disorder.
- the method further includes the step of correlating the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject with the allelic status of the polymorphism in a reference population to predict whether the subject has a more or less severe phenotype of the CYP3A4-related disorder.
- the method further includes the step of correlating the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject with the allelic status of the polymorphism in a reference population to predict the prognostic outcome of the disorder in the subject.
- the method further includes the step of correlating the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject with the allelic status of the polymorphism in a reference population to predict the subject's response to treatment, dosage and/or toxicity.
- the CYP3A4-related disorder comprises a metabolic- related disorder.
- the CYP3A4-metabolized compounds comprise one or more pharmaceuticals metabolized in the liver, including statin drugs.
- the CYP3A4-metabolized compounds comprise one or more of: CYP3A4 inhibitors or CYP3A4 enhancers.
- the polymorphism comprises a CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT).
- the polymorphism comprises rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152], wherein the presence of the polymorphism in a subject is predictive of an increased risk for a CYP3A4-related disorder.
- the presence of a minor allele of the polymorphism is predictive of lower levels of CYP3A4 in target tissue and is associated with a decreased CYP3A4 mRNA expression.
- kits comprising an assay for detecting the allelic status of one or more polymorphisms in a nucleic acid sample of a subject, wherein the polymorphism is one or more of: i) a CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT); or, ii) a SNP in linkage disequilibrium therewith.
- the kit further includes instructions for correlating the assay results with the subject's risk for having or developing a CYP3A4-related disorder.
- the kit further includes instructions for correlating the assay results with the subject's prognostic outcome for the disorder.
- the kit further includes instructions for correlating the assay results with the probability of success or failure of a particular drug treatment in the subject.
- a method for finding a functional polymorphism in a target gene implicated in an CYP3A4-related disorder comprising: i) providing a sample of a target tissue expressing the target gene; ii) measuring the target gene's allelic mRNA expression imbalance (AEI) by: a) quantitatively measuring the relative amounts of mRNA generated from each of two alleles in a transcribed region of the target gene, and b) comparing the mRNA expression of one allele against the other allele to obtain an AEI ratio; and, iii) using the AEI ratio as a phenotype to scan the target gene for regions containing polymorphisms, wherein a significant association between the AEI ratio and the polymorphism indicates that the polymorphism is a functional polymorphism that can serve as a biomarker for the CYP3A4-related disorder.
- AEI allelic mRNA expression imbalance
- the polymorphism resides in an intronic region.
- the polymorphism is a SNP.
- the biomarker affects gene transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, or a combination thereof.
- the target gene is a CYP3A4 gene locus.
- a method for determining metabolism of a statin drug comprising screening for an intron ⁇ SNP.
- a method for determining metabolism of a statin drug comprising screening for a CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT).
- biomarker for detecting variability in CYP3A4 comprising intron ⁇ SNP.
- a biomarker for detecting variability in CYP3A4 comprising a CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (C>T).
- a biomarker for determining a dosing requirement of a CYP3A4-metabolizing therapeutic agent comprising SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT).
- a biomarker for determining a response of a CYP3A4-metabolizing therapeutic agent comprising SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT).
- a biomarker for determining toxicity of a CYP3A4-metabolizing therapeutic agent comprising SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT).
- the therapeutic agent is a statin drug.
- the therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer drug.
- the therapeutic agent is a drug having a narrowly defined dosage regimen.
- a method of clinical pharmacogenomic screening comprising: a) screening a sample for the presence of at least one or more biomarkers described herein, where the presence of the one or more biomarkers is indicative of a patient with altered metabolism; and b) including a reference control in a random or predetermined manner in the screening, wherein the reference control comprises DNA comprising a biomarker indicative of a patient with altered metabolism, wherein the detection of the presence of one or more biomarkers in one or more drug- metabolizing genes in the reference control verifies that the screening is effective to detect the same one or more biomarkers in one or more drug-metabolizing genes in the sample.
- a method of personalized medical therapy comprising: i) performing the method of screening described herein on samples from a target patient population to identify patients with a genetic profile comprising one or more mutations in the CYP3A4 or other gene associated with drug metabolism; and ii) treating patients identified in step i) as possessing a particular genetic profile with a therapy of interest particular to the identified genetic profile.
- the genetic profile is indicative of a patient with altered metabolism.
- the altered metabolism is selected from the group consisting of: poor metabolizer, intermediate metabolizer, extensive metabolizer, and ultra-rapid metabolizer.
- the genetic profile is indicative of the effectiveness of the therapy of interest in the patient.
- the genetic profile is indicative of a patient with a genetic disorder.
- the genetic profile is indicative of a patient who should not be treated with a particular therapy.
- the therapy of interest is used to treat a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of: cancer, heart disease, neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic disorders.
- the one or more mutations comprises a mutation in CYP3A4 and wherein the therapy of interest comprises administration of at least one statin to the patient.
- a method for identifying a cell that can be used to generate isolated genomic DNA suitable for use as a reference control comprises: a) prospectively screening a human volunteer for the presence of a human genomic DNA sequence comprising one or more polymorphisms in a nucleic acid sample of the volunteer associated with a genetic predisposition that determines a patient's predicted degree of response to a particular therapy; wherein the polymorphism is one or more of: i) CYP3A4-associated SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152]) located in intron 6 (C>T); or, ii) a SNP in linkage disequilibrium therewith, wherein the allelic status of the polymorphism in the subject is predictive of the subject's risk for having or developing the CYP3A4-related disorder; b) isolating the cell from the volunteer that possesses the one or more mutations of interest; and c) subject
- Figure 1 Allelic mRNA/hnRNA expression ratios of CYP3A4 in human livers measured with a primer extension assay (SNaPshot) using multiple marker SNPs ( Figure 3) ( Figure IA) or intron ⁇ SNP rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152] only ( Figure IB). Allelic RNA ratios were normalized to gDNA ratios set at 1. Data represent the average of 2-3 measurement using single or multiple marker SNPs. An arrow indicates samples with AEI ratios significantly different from 1 (P ⁇ 0.05). All allelic RNA ratios in Panel B are significantly different from 1 (ANOVA with Dunnett post-test, P ⁇ 0.05).
- Figures 2A-2B Box plot of CYP3A4 mRNA levels (Figure 2A) and enzyme activity (Figure 2B) in human liver samples, grouped by intron ⁇ SNP genotype.
- Figure 3 Location and rs number of marker SNPs used for AEI measurements. Intron ⁇ SNP rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152] is in red.
- Figure 4 Association between genotypes and allelic RNA expression imbalance (AEI). Only intron ⁇ SNP rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152] and much less strongly SNP rs2246709 associated with AEI with an adjusted P ⁇ 0.05.
- Figure 5 LD plot for 13 polymorphisms in CYP3A4.
- SNP6 is intron ⁇ SNP rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO: 152], only partial LD with SNP 7 rs2246709.
- Figures 6A-6D Correlation between mRNA expression of four transcription factors and CYP3A4 in human livers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- AEI allelic RNA expression imbalance
- DNA and RNA preparation Preparation of genomic DNA, RNA and cDNA from tissues or blood samples were performed as descnbed (16-18)
- Genomic DNA (gDNA) allelic ratios normalized to 1, served as internal control; none of the subjects displayed gDNA copy number variants, detectable by a significant deviation from unity Deviations of allelic RNA ratios from 1 (after normalization to DNA ratios), i.e., allelic expression imbalance (AEI), indicates the presence of cis-actmg polymorphisms in CYP3A4 that affect mRNA expression levels
- Genotyping- Thirteen SNPs in CYP3A4 were genotyped in gDNA from liver samples with a multiplex SNaPshot assay (19) or allele specific real-time PCR (20), as shown in Table 1
- mRNA levels were measured with real-time PCR (16,21) using gene-specific primers (22) (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5) and SYBR Green (Applied Biosystems), with GADPH mRNA as an internal control.
- Table 3 Geno typing or AEI assays.
- Column labeled "Sequence of PCR primers and assay condition” discloses SEQ ID NOS 1-42, respectively, in order of appearance and column labeled "Primer extension primers and condition” discloses SEQ ID NOS 43- 56, respectively, in order of appearance.
- Table 4 Multiplex PCR and Snapshot assay for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 SNP genotypmg.
- Column labeled "PCR p ⁇ mer sequence” discloses SEQ ID NOS 57-68, respectively, in order of appearance and column labeled "Primer extension primers” discloses SEQ ID NOS 69-75, respectively, in order of appearance.
- Table 5 Primers and sequencing primers. PCR primers disclosed as SEQ ID NOS 76-95, respectively, in order of appearance and Sequencing primers disclosed as SEQ E) NOS 96-151, respectively, in order of appearance.
- Sequencing CYP3A4 The region from -10,000 bp upstream of transcription start site to the last exon (from 50013 to 89410 in AF280107, total length 39,397 bp) was sequenced in two liver samples that showed allele- specific RNA expression. PCR and sequencing primers are shown in Figure 16 - Table 10.
- CYP3A4 enzymatic activity assay CYP3A4 activities were quantified from liver microsomes with testosterone as a probe as described (23).
- a single SNP (rs35599367 [SEQ K) NO: 152]) located in intron ⁇ (OT) showed highly significant association with AEI (adjusted p value 9.12 x 10 "10 ) ( Figure 4), while another SNP rs2246709 also scored with moderate significance (P 0.034), a likely result of partial linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the intron ⁇ SNP ( Figure 5).
- Table 6 Haplotype structure and estimated frequency of 13 SNPs tested in livers. Detailed SNP information is provided in Table 1. In haplotype 5, the minor T allele of intron ⁇ SNP (# 6 from the left) is exclusively linked to the major haplotype 1 (in bold), whereas it has no detectable LD with any of the other SNPs.
- Intron ⁇ SNP associates with decreased CYP3A4 mRNA level and enzyme activity in human livers:
- CI confidence interval
- CYP3A4 transcription factors (26-29), mRNA levels were also measured for pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3), retinoid receptor (RXRa), and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF4 ⁇ lA).
- PXR pregnane X receptor
- CAR constitutive androstane receptor
- RXRa retinoid receptor
- HNF4 ⁇ lA hepatocyte nuclear factor
- intron ⁇ SNP The in vivo effect of intron ⁇ SNP was assessed as the dosage of CYP3A4- metabolized statins required for reaching a pre-determined LDL goal.
- Intron ⁇ SNP was genotyped in 275 patients on stable doses of atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin, or the non-CYP3A4 substrates rosuvastatin and pravastatin.
- statins a subset of 237 patients were on CYP3A4-metabolized statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin) with doses ranging from 5 mg to 80 mg.
- the statins were either evaluated together, or each separately to account for potency differences.
- Patients on all statins were divided into low-dose ( ⁇ 20 mg, mean 16 ⁇ 5 mg) and high-dose (> 40 mg, mean 53 ⁇ 19 mg) (P ⁇ 0.001) groups. Baseline characteristics and lipid levels did not differ between low- and high-dose groups, except for maximum triglyceride and stable HDL levels (P ⁇ 0.05) (Table 8).
- Table 8 shows the baseline characteristics of patients on CYP3A4-metabolized statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin).
- Example I shows that intron ⁇ SNP rs35599367 [SEQ ID NO 152] is significantly linked to reduced CYP3A4 mRNA expression and enzyme activity in human livers, and moreover, fully accounts for differences in allelic mRNA expression.
- intron ⁇ SNP is embedded in the mam haplotype of CYP3A4, lacking substantial LD to any other SNPs, it had escaped detection by association studies using haplotype tag SNPs (14,15). None of the previously reported CYP3A4 SNPs, including promoter *1B, enhancer TGT insertion, enhancer rs2737418, and mtron7 SNP rs4646437 had detectable effects on allelic mRNA expression, mRNA, and enzyme activity, arguing against a contribution of these SNPs to CYP3A4 variability.
- a common molecular mechanism for an mtromc SNP to alter mRNA levels is to affect RNA expression, elongation, splicing, or maturation. Since the allelic ratios were similar for mRNA and hnRNA in livers heterozygous for both exomc and mtromc marker SNPs, splicing and mRNA turnover can be ruled out as main mechanisms. Moreover, CYP3A4 mRNA and hnRNA levels were shown to vary in parallel in human livers (36), argues for an early event in expression and processing. For example, intron ⁇ SNP could affect the folding of nascent RNA and hence elongation.
- statin drugs that are mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 (atorvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin). Since statin doses are titrated to reach a desired LDL, this can be achieved at lower doses in carriers of the intron ⁇ SNP T allele conveying reduced metabolism.
- pharmacokinetics studies showed that inhibition of CYP3A4 activity drastically increased plasma concentrations of simvastatin and lovastatin (31,32), suggesting CYP3A4 activity is a major determinant of serum concentration of CYP3A4 metabolized statins.
- CYP3A4 activity shows considerable inter- individual variability
- new drugs are often targeted for metabolism by CYP3A4, to avoid problems arising from null mutations in other drug metabolizing CYP enzymes, such as CYP2D6.
- CYP3A4 intron ⁇ SNP is a valuable biomarker in clinical practice, and in drug discovery and development.
- the DNA isolated from cells can be used as positive human genomic reference controls (i.e., they have mutations present) or negative controls (i.e., they represent the normal or wild-type), in particular, for human CYP3A4 genes. This can ensure accurate and reliable clinical diagnostic testing for these genes.
- the reference controls can be used, for example, in genotyping assays performed during clinical trials. Where the reference controls include a genetic variation typical of a patient who does not respond to therapy, the use of reference controls helps ensure that the genotyping assay used performs reliably such that non-responders are properly identified and data regarding the ineffectiveness of the investigative therapy for non- responders is properly identified. Similarly, where the reference controls include a genetic variation typical of a patient who metabolizes drugs at a different rate than normal patients (i.e., patients with mutant cytochrome P450 genes), the use of reference controls helps ensure the validity of the genetic variation so that these patients are properly identified and properly dosed and adverse drug reactions or ineffective therapies are avoided.
- the reference controls can also be used in patient care. As with their use in clinical trials, it is essential that effective therapy is identified in a time-sensitive manner, so that the patient's condition is not worsened before appropriate therapy is initiated. It is also essential that appropriate dosing regimens are selected.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to a method of testing a plurality of patients for their genetic predisposition to respond to a particular therapy.
- one or more reference controls are tested as "samples" - with known expected results. These controls can include a genetic variant associated with patients who show a predisposition to not respond to the therapy (positive controls) or can include a normal/wild type variant (negative controls), associated with patients who show a predisposition to respond to the therapy.
- the reference controls can be used by testing laboratories to ensure that their diagnostics assays are performing correctly and identify the genetic variations that convey resistance to drug therapy or reduced metabolic state. To ensure that non-responders are properly identified, testing laboratories can include reference controls in each assay to determine the validity of the assay, and hence, patient results. The reference controls can be used at random, or at pre-determined intervals. In the same respect, testing laboratories can use the reference controls as panels to evaluate the accuracy of their laboratory staff.
- another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of testing a plurality of patients for their genetic predisposition to show rapid or slowed metabolism, so that proper dosing regimens can be set.
- one or more samples that are tested are reference controls that include a genetic variant associated with patients having a predisposition to be "rapid" or “slow” metabolizers.
- polymorphisms are expressed in a number of phenotypes in the population such as, for example, a “poor” metabolizer, an “intermediate” metabolizer, an “extensive” metabolizer, and an “ultra-rapid” metabolizer.
- the "extensive” metabolizers can have at least one, and no more than two, normal functional alleles; the "intermediate” metabolizers can possess one reduced activity allele and one null allele; and, the "poor” metabolizers can carry two mutant alleles which result in complete loss of enzyme activity.
- the ultra-rapid metabolizers can carry multiple copies of functional alleles, and thus produce excess enzymatic activity.
- a "poor” metabolizer may not obtain a significant benefit from the drugs, but rather, experience exaggerated drug response and side effects when they receive standard doses. That is, if a metabolite is the active therapeutic moiety, “poor” metabolizer may show no therapeutic response.
- an "ultra- rapid" metabolizer may fail to respond to standard doses.
- Various methods for pre-screening samples may be used.
- biological samples can be pre-screened to ensure that they have the mutation of interest.
- Patient populations can be pre-screened, based on a variety of factors, to minimize the sample size needed to identify individuals that include the mutation.
- the patients with these mutations can optionally be recalled to obtain additional biological material.
- This material can optionally be thoroughly sequenced to confirm the presence of the mutation of interest.
- the biological material can be immortalized, so it can provide a steady, on-demand source of the reference controls, or, alternatively, the cells themselves can be the reference controls.
- RNA samples can be used, such as, but not limited to human genomic DNA present in any nucleic acid-containing sample of tissues, bodily fluids (for example, blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine, tears, semen, vaginal secretions, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid or mucosa secretions), individual cells or extracts of the such sources that contain the nucleic acid of the same, and subcellular structures such as mitochondria or chloroplasts, using protocols well established within the art.
- bodily fluids for example, blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine, tears, semen, vaginal secretions, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid or mucosa secretions
- individual cells or extracts of the such sources that contain the nucleic acid of the same
- subcellular structures such as mitochondria or chloroplasts
- the nucleic acid has been obtained from a human to be pre-screened for the presence of one or more genetic sequences that can be diagnostic for, or predispose the subject to, a medical condition or disease.
- the reference control can be used in testing where most involve hybridizing a primer with a DNA sample that may or may not include a SNP of interest.
- a diagnostic primer and/or probe can be tagged to permit rapid identification. Once hybridization has occurred, the DNA can be amplified, and the tagged primer and/or probe are detected.
- the validated primers can be used to confirm the validity of reference controls. Once the reference controls are validated, they can be used in commercially available assays as a reference control, and can be used to validate primers that are designed for use in these or other assays to determine the presence or absence of a particular mutation.
- exemplary assay methods are described herein, the invention is not so limited.
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JP2012502287A JP2012521767A (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Polymorphism in CYP3A4 gene affecting drug metabolism and use thereof |
EP10756918A EP2411542A4 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Polymorphism in cyp3a4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
CA2756725A CA2756725A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Polymorphism in cyp3a4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
US13/259,514 US9441275B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Polymorphism in CYP3A4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
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PCT/US2010/028842 WO2010111600A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Polymorphism in cyp3a4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
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EP (1) | EP2411542A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012521767A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010229772A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2756725A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010111600A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012187082A (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-10-04 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | Method for assessing drug eruption risk of antiepileptic drug based on single nucleotide polymorphism in 21.33 region of short arm of chromosome 6 |
US9441275B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2016-09-13 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Polymorphism in CYP3A4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
US9938576B1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2018-04-10 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Materials and methods for determining metabolizer status in humans |
CN116515993A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-01 | 广州凯普医药科技有限公司 | Primer group and kit for detecting drug genes for depression |
Families Citing this family (3)
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KR101712454B1 (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-03-07 | 대한민국 | Reagent for SNP-genotyping of a gene related with anticancer drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter, the kit comprising the same, and the method for the SNP-genotyping |
US11227692B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2022-01-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Neuron model simulation |
KR102205831B1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2021-01-21 | 주식회사 녹십자지놈 | Markers for predicting concentration of statin in blood |
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WO2001020025A2 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-22 | Epidauros Biotechnologie Ag | Polymorphisms in the human cyp3a4 and cyp3a7 genes and their use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US20030215819A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-11-20 | Frudakis Tony N. | Compositions and methods for inferring a response to statin |
US20060073479A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2006-04-06 | Frudakis Tony N | Single nucleotide polymorphisms and combinations thereof predictive for paclitaxel responsiveness |
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WO2008136989A2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-13 | The Ohio State University Research Foundation | Polymorphisms in genes affecting sod2-related disorders and uses thereof |
EP2411542A4 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2012-10-31 | Univ Ohio State Res Found | Polymorphism in cyp3a4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
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- 2010-03-26 EP EP10756918A patent/EP2411542A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-26 JP JP2012502287A patent/JP2012521767A/en active Pending
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- 2010-03-26 AU AU2010229772A patent/AU2010229772A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-26 CA CA2756725A patent/CA2756725A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/US2010/028842 patent/WO2010111600A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2001020025A2 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-22 | Epidauros Biotechnologie Ag | Polymorphisms in the human cyp3a4 and cyp3a7 genes and their use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US20030215819A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-11-20 | Frudakis Tony N. | Compositions and methods for inferring a response to statin |
US20060073479A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2006-04-06 | Frudakis Tony N | Single nucleotide polymorphisms and combinations thereof predictive for paclitaxel responsiveness |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9441275B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2016-09-13 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Polymorphism in CYP3A4 gene affecting drug metabolizing and uses thereof |
JP2012187082A (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-10-04 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | Method for assessing drug eruption risk of antiepileptic drug based on single nucleotide polymorphism in 21.33 region of short arm of chromosome 6 |
US9938576B1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2018-04-10 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Materials and methods for determining metabolizer status in humans |
US10991450B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2021-04-27 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Materials and methods for determining metabolizer status in humans |
CN116515993A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-01 | 广州凯普医药科技有限公司 | Primer group and kit for detecting drug genes for depression |
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US9441275B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
EP2411542A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
JP2012521767A (en) | 2012-09-20 |
EP2411542A4 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
AU2010229772A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
CA2756725A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
US20120040347A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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