WO2010106399A2 - Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste and method of thermolysis in continuous manner - Google Patents

Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste and method of thermolysis in continuous manner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010106399A2
WO2010106399A2 PCT/IB2009/052830 IB2009052830W WO2010106399A2 WO 2010106399 A2 WO2010106399 A2 WO 2010106399A2 IB 2009052830 W IB2009052830 W IB 2009052830W WO 2010106399 A2 WO2010106399 A2 WO 2010106399A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
thermolysis
agitator
extruder
plasticized
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/052830
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2010106399A3 (en
Inventor
Daria FRĄCZAK
Bartłomiej KARBOWY
Bartłomiej SAMARDAKIEWICZ
Original Assignee
Bl Laboratories Sp. Z O.O.
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Application filed by Bl Laboratories Sp. Z O.O. filed Critical Bl Laboratories Sp. Z O.O.
Priority to US13/256,254 priority Critical patent/US8680349B2/en
Priority to EP09786487.0A priority patent/EP2406348B1/en
Publication of WO2010106399A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010106399A2/en
Publication of WO2010106399A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010106399A3/en
Priority to IL215036A priority patent/IL215036A/en
Priority to US14/187,439 priority patent/US9376632B2/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/14—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot liquids, e.g. molten metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials

Definitions

  • This invention provides an apparatus for conducting thermolysis of the plastic waste and a method of thermolysis with continuous waste plastics feeding and continuous removing carbonization products and reaction leftovers.
  • waste plastics pyrolisis reactor which involves reactor with waste plastics inlet locates at one end and liquefied plastic outlet and hydrogen chloride outlet at next end, waste heater situated between plastic inlet and hydrogen chloride outlet.
  • Reactor has a screw funnel heater for conducting plastics in reactor from charge to outlet.
  • Patent US6534689 description applied on 24 August 2001 , defines method of pyrolysis of the waste plastics led to fuel production.
  • Invention utilizes inert gas and hydrocarbon vapors as heating medium.
  • the invention is a reactor with FIR heater therein that coverts waste plastics into oil.
  • the FIR heater consists of electrical resistance space, far infrared radiator, insulator, protective shell, tight set and other parts.
  • the far infrared ray radiator can be rod- shaped, band-shaped and be made into other shapes, and on the outside is encased by metal pipe, and painted with the far infrared radiator. So the infrared ray can directly heat the plastics thereby turning the waste plastics into oil.
  • This technique of splitting oil dregs and emulsification will scatter the oil dregs into atoms below 100 ⁇ m, and combine them in the emulsified oil equitably, and get 30-60 C liquid oil in the emulsification container. Hot oil will be directly changed into burnable liquid oil and it can be stored safely at normal temperatures.
  • Gas and liquid mixture comes in to tank reactor where it is split into gas and liquid fraction. Liquid phase is heated up and melts incoming plastic feedstock. In the bottom reactor area in 360 0 C the initial reaction takes place. In upper section in around 400 0 C the split in to gas and liquids takes place. Hydrocarbon vapors produced comes through the active chemically neutralizing filter and condensed. Process is continuous.
  • Apparatus includes plastic feeding system, pyrolysis reactor, discharge system according to the invention is characterized in that after the plastic feeding system are situated the extruder and pyrolysis reactor which height is at least 1 ,5 time bigger than its diameter. Pyrolysis reactor is equipped with dual high speed propeller.
  • thermolysis of plastic waste especially polyolefins with presence of inert gas is characterized that plastic waste are continuously fed to the extruder where are plasticized from 180 0 C up to the temperature of the reactor later, and are fed to the pyrolysis reactor where at 350 - 450°C at agitator's 30 - 1500rpm the thermolysis is carried out with continuous two step fractional condensation where light product boiling below 180 0 C goes to storage tank with cold jacket and heavy product boiling above 180°C is conducted to hot jacket tank.
  • Principal aim of the invention is method of thermolysis of waste plastics, especially polyolefins, carried out continuously with continuous removing products and reaction residue with simultaneous minimizing carbonizable products formation and collection and apparatus therefore.
  • Apparatus for conducting waste plastic thermolysis consisting feeding system, reactor for thermolysis which high is at least 1 ,5 time bigger than its diameter, external circulation loop and products collecting system according to the invention is characterized in that after the feeding system there is an extruder followed by main thermolysis reactor, appointed with dual agitator and connected with external circulation loop involving flux heater, circulation pump and three-way valve.
  • thermolysis reactor has at least two vertical internal baffles.
  • thermolysis reactor's high is two times bigger than its diameter.
  • thermolysis reactor is equipped in independent accessory agitator.
  • agitator is high speed mixer with different propeller blade angles.
  • agitator is a dual propeller agitator.
  • dual propeller agitator is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
  • agitators shaft is equipped with additional stabilizing bars.
  • reactor has an inspection flange in its bottom part.
  • outlet piece there is a sieve or filter.
  • inlet piece of plasticized feedstock from extruder and inlet piece of feedstock from circulation loop is tangential to reactor wall.
  • inlet piece of plasticized feedstock from extruder into reactor is situated under inlet piece of reaction mixture from circulation loop.
  • thermolysis residue collecting system comprises three-way valve in circulation loop, residue cooling system and residue tank.
  • reactor trigger system is equipped in circulation pump, bottom emergency trigger valve and three-way valve.
  • bottom trigger emergency valve is equipped in drain mechanism.
  • Drain mechanism is sealed hand drain bar.
  • circulation pump is following a filter.
  • circulation pump is a vortex pump.
  • circulation pump is heated externally by oil heating jacked.
  • circulation pump is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
  • flux heater is heated electrically.
  • Plastic waste thermolysis method in inert atmosphere in which waste are fed continuously to extruder and plasticized in temperature from 180 0 C up to temperature in reactor according to invention is characterized in that plastics are fed into thermolysis reactor where thermolysis is carried out in temperature from 350 0 C to 450°C with agitator 30 - 1500 rpm then plasticized waste are pumped with velocity of flow from 4 to 10 m 3 /hto the flux heater with heating power about 60 to 120 KW, from where mixture of liquid and vapors with regulated temperature of system is injected back to reactor and vapors of reaction products are off taken continuously from reactor and condensed in following part of system, thermolysis by-products are returned to main thermolysis reactor and reaction leftovers are received continuously through heat exchanger by three-way valve situated before flux heater to residue tank.
  • thermolysis process is carried out in temperature range 390 to 430 C.
  • thermolysis process is carried out with 200 to 700 rpm of agitator.
  • wastes are plasticized in extruder in temperature range 250 to 370 0 C.
  • plasticized plastic is pumped with velocity of flow 6 to 9 m 3 /h.
  • heating power of flux heater is 70 to 90 KW.
  • Main advantage of the invention is designing of small size process equipment for continuous thermolysis carrying out and giving high repeatable products with lower temperature regime without catalysts with remover heating center to external loop of reactor.
  • Thermolysis process is very stable due to small temperature difference between temperature of plasticized feedstock and thermolysis temperature. It causes considerably decrease of energy consumption for depolymerization and lowering of feedstock residence time in the reactor affecting much lower tendency to producing coke inside reactor and whole system.
  • External circulation loop outside reactor connected with reactor by pipes and two spouts - inlet and outlet - allows forced move of reaction mixture in system thermolysis reactor - circulation loop and lowering carbonization. Additionally reducing volume of coke is caused by using circulation pump which causes reducing contact time of reaction mixture and hot walls of heating system.
  • Using electrical flux heater moved heating place for process from thermolysis reactor and improved heating efficiency and reduced heat loss.
  • Implementing the reactor with elongated shape and with vertical baffles enables proper mixing. More over implementing high speed dual mixer causes more efficient mixing and equal temperature distribution inside reactor. Inspection flange enables stripping of reactor bottom.
  • Important advantage of the invention is three-way valve working in temperature of reactor so flux pumped from pump is divided on stream run to heater and stream of residue maintenance-free removed. This method gives very wide hydrocarbon fraction.
  • the object of the invention is reconstructed in example on the fig - scheme of the system for thermolysis of polyolefins.
  • Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste according to the invention is characterized by granulated or leaf-shaped feedstock feeding system 1 to the extruder 2.
  • Plasticized in the extruder 2 granulate, heated up to 300-330 0 C, is fed through inlet piece X7_ to reactor 3 in which thermolysis process takes place.
  • Reactors 3 high is two times bigger than its diameter.
  • Reactor 3 is equipped in dual high-speed propeller 7 with different propeller blade angle. Dual high-speed propeller 7 is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
  • Reactor 3 is equipped in two internal vertical baffles on the walls 9 and 9 ⁇ Agitators shaft is equipped with additional stabilizing bars IJ..
  • reactor 3 is equipped in independent accessory agitator IQ which eliminates foam forming.
  • inspection flange V ⁇ and anti-whirl device 13 are set up.
  • Thermolysis process of molten plastic is carried out in temperature from 390 to 460 0 C and with 200 to 700 rpm of agitator.
  • an reaction mixture outlet piece 14 and mechanical filter 16 In the bottom of the thermolysis reactor 3 is an reaction mixture outlet piece 14 and mechanical filter 16.
  • Plasticized polymer is fed through outlet piece 14 and circulation pump 6 to external circulation loop 4 with velocity of flow 6 to 9 m 3 /h.
  • circulation pump 6 is set up a filter 22.
  • reaction mixture flow through three-way valve 8 and through electrical flux heater 5 which controls process temperature. Heating power of flux heater is 70 to 90 KW.
  • thermolysis reactor 3 The mixture of vapors and liquid is continuously conducted through inlet piece 15 back to thermolysis reactor 3. Vapors from the process are collected in other part of the system 23 and condensed into liquid product. Thermolysis residue are collected continuously also by external circulation loop 4 in discharge system through three-way valve 8 dividing pumped stream of reaction mixture on stream conducted to residue cooling system 18 and leftovers tank 19 and main product stream conducted through flux heater 5 and inlet piece 15 situated tangential to reactor wall. Under the bottom of the reactor 3 is set up bottom emergency trigger valve 20 which is equipped in drain mechanism 2J_. Drain mechanism 2J_ is manual or pneumatic punch. Thermolysis process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. Thermolysis product is a very wide hydrocarbon fraction for further rework.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is apparatus and method for thermolysis of waste plastics where reaction residue and carbonization products are removed continuously. Apparatus according to the invention characterized in that after the plastic feeding system (1) the extruder (2) and pyrolysis reactor (3) which is equipped in dual propeller (7) and is connected to external circulation loop (4) with flux heating (5), circulation pump (6) and three-way valve (8) are situated. Method according to the invention is characterized in that plastic waste are continuously fed to the reactor where at 350 - 450°C at mixers' 30 - 1500 rpm the thermolysis is carried then molten plastic in volume 4 - 10 m3/h is pumped to flux heater with heating power 60 -120KW from where with regulated operating temperature reaction mixture of vapors and liquids is fed back to reactor but products vapors are removed continuously from reactor and condensed in another part of system and reaction by-products are returned to main thermolysis reactor and thermolysis leftovers are received continuously through heat exchanger by three-way valve situated before flux heater to residue tank.

Description

Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste and method of thermolysis in continuous manner
This invention provides an apparatus for conducting thermolysis of the plastic waste and a method of thermolysis with continuous waste plastics feeding and continuous removing carbonization products and reaction leftovers.
US Patent No. US4851601 description, applied for protection on 19 January 1988, defines method of getting hydrocarbon oils from waste plastics which bases on thermal cracking in liquid phase and through catalytic conversion of vapors of cracking products with catalyst presence.
From Japanese Patent description, applied on 19 August 1996, published as a EP0763412 there is known waste plastics pyrolisis reactor which involves reactor with waste plastics inlet locates at one end and liquefied plastic outlet and hydrogen chloride outlet at next end, waste heater situated between plastic inlet and hydrogen chloride outlet. Reactor has a screw funnel heater for conducting plastics in reactor from charge to outlet.
From US Patent No. US 6066263 description, applied for protection on 12 March 1998 there is known system for hydrothermal reaction conversion waste plastics into oil. Plant has a tank for keeping mixture of water and plastics, high-pressure pump connected through flow channel and shift valve with tank. Shift valve is connected with water passing channel. Reactor has bowed pipes connected with injection pump. Bowed pipes equipped in heating agents are connected through pressure reduction valve with effluent tank. The velocity of flow of reaction mixture passed to reactor may be controlled by pressure reduction valve. Thermal degradation of the mixture is reached in the reactor device under pressure and temperature conditions equal to, or above, a value by which a supercritical condition of water is achieved, and under the turbulent flow conditions generated partly by the curved piping. Patent US6534689 description, applied on 24 August 2001 , defines method of pyrolysis of the waste plastics led to fuel production. To separate solid particles from liquids the cyclone using high vehicle velocity and high inert gas temperature as heat transfer carrier. Invention utilizes inert gas and hydrocarbon vapors as heating medium. From patent description No WO 2005/065006, applied with priority on 23 December 2003, it is known a reactor for enrichment of recoverable oil from waste plastics. The invention is a reactor with FIR heater therein that coverts waste plastics into oil. The FIR heater consists of electrical resistance space, far infrared radiator, insulator, protective shell, tight set and other parts. The far infrared ray radiator can be rod- shaped, band-shaped and be made into other shapes, and on the outside is encased by metal pipe, and painted with the far infrared radiator. So the infrared ray can directly heat the plastics thereby turning the waste plastics into oil. This technique of splitting oil dregs and emulsification will scatter the oil dregs into atoms below 100 μm, and combine them in the emulsified oil equitably, and get 30-60 C liquid oil in the emulsification container. Hot oil will be directly changed into burnable liquid oil and it can be stored safely at normal temperatures.
From US Patent Application Publication No US2005/0075521 , applied for protection on 20 January 2003, it is known a method and plant for conversion plastics into oil with presence of inert gas. The plastic raw material is dissolved in a dissolution section to form an expanded plastic and sent to an inclined first-stage decomposition column and a second-stage decomposition column. The second-stage decomposition column is adjacent to the first-stage decomposition column. Both columns have fixed temperature distributions. The plastic is depolymerized and decomposed into a light secondarily decomposed gas. The extracted secondarily decomposed gas is cooled into oil in condensers and collected in oil storage tanks.
From polish Patent No P 380619 description, applied for protection on 16 September 2006, it is known the method and apparatus for catalytic depolymehzation of polyolefinic waste plastics characterized by two reactors in which depolymerization takes place, one tank reactor and second flow reactor operating in cooperation. Shredded plastic waste are first heated, melted and pumped under the reaction medium surface. Later plastic molten mass is dispersed in the reaction medium. Depolymerization process occurs in presence of the catalyst. From reactor bottom reacting mixture is pumped to the flow reactor in which it is heat up to 4000C. Reaction occurs under normal and negative pressure. Pressure in the reactor depends on the planned outcome product properties. Inside flow reactor depolymerization takes place. Gas and liquid mixture comes in to tank reactor where it is split into gas and liquid fraction. Liquid phase is heated up and melts incoming plastic feedstock. In the bottom reactor area in 3600C the initial reaction takes place. In upper section in around 4000C the split in to gas and liquids takes place. Hydrocarbon vapors produced comes through the active chemically neutralizing filter and condensed. Process is continuous.
From Patent Application P - 383709 description, applied for protection on 7 November 2007, it is known the apparatus and method for depolymerization of waste plastics, especially polyolefins, with removing reaction leftovers and residues. Apparatus consisted of feeding conveyor, pyrolysis reactor and discharging section is characterized by gas engaging stabilizer equipped with mixer and working in close loop at least one external pyrolysis reactor with screw or ribbon mixer and pipe that closes the loop. Depolymerization process is carried out with inert gas presence and characterized by reactor enforced dual flow in which one of mixing directions is used as well to discharge the reaction residue.
From patent application No P-386410, applied for protection on 31 October 2008, it is known apparatus for thermolysis of waste plastics, especially polyolefins, and method of thermolysis with continuous feeding and continuous discharging carbonizable substances and reaction leftovers. Apparatus includes plastic feeding system, pyrolysis reactor, discharge system according to the invention is characterized in that after the plastic feeding system are situated the extruder and pyrolysis reactor which height is at least 1 ,5 time bigger than its diameter. Pyrolysis reactor is equipped with dual high speed propeller. Method for thermolysis of plastic waste especially polyolefins with presence of inert gas according to the claim is characterized that plastic waste are continuously fed to the extruder where are plasticized from 1800C up to the temperature of the reactor later, and are fed to the pyrolysis reactor where at 350 - 450°C at agitator's 30 - 1500rpm the thermolysis is carried out with continuous two step fractional condensation where light product boiling below 1800C goes to storage tank with cold jacket and heavy product boiling above 180°C is conducted to hot jacket tank.
Principal aim of the invention is method of thermolysis of waste plastics, especially polyolefins, carried out continuously with continuous removing products and reaction residue with simultaneous minimizing carbonizable products formation and collection and apparatus therefore. Apparatus for conducting waste plastic thermolysis consisting feeding system, reactor for thermolysis which high is at least 1 ,5 time bigger than its diameter, external circulation loop and products collecting system according to the invention is characterized in that after the feeding system there is an extruder followed by main thermolysis reactor, appointed with dual agitator and connected with external circulation loop involving flux heater, circulation pump and three-way valve.
Favorably thermolysis reactor has at least two vertical internal baffles.
Favorably thermolysis reactor's high is two times bigger than its diameter.
Favorably thermolysis reactor is equipped in independent accessory agitator.
Favorably agitator is high speed mixer with different propeller blade angles.
Favorably agitator is a dual propeller agitator.
Favorably dual propeller agitator is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
Favorably agitators shaft is equipped with additional stabilizing bars.
Favorably reactor has an inspection flange in its bottom part.
Favorably in the bottom of the reactor there is a internal anti-whirl device.
Favorably in the bottom of the reactor there is a outlet piece of reaction mixture and after flux heater, in the upper part of reactor wall there is a inlet piece of reaction mixture.
Favorably over outlet piece there is a sieve or filter.
Favorably after extruder squared to reactor wall is inlet piece of plasticized feedstock from extruder and inlet piece of feedstock from circulation loop is tangential to reactor wall.
Favorably inlet piece of plasticized feedstock from extruder into reactor is situated under inlet piece of reaction mixture from circulation loop.
Favorably thermolysis residue collecting system comprises three-way valve in circulation loop, residue cooling system and residue tank.
Favorably residue tank is cooled by current liquid.
Favorably reactor trigger system is equipped in circulation pump, bottom emergency trigger valve and three-way valve.
Favorably bottom trigger emergency valve is equipped in drain mechanism.
Favorably drain mechanism is sealed hand drain bar.
Favorably circulation pump is following a filter.
Favorably circulation pump is a vortex pump.
Favorably circulation pump is heated externally by oil heating jacked. Favorably circulation pump is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid. Favorably flux heater is heated electrically.
Plastic waste thermolysis method in inert atmosphere in which waste are fed continuously to extruder and plasticized in temperature from 1800C up to temperature in reactor according to invention is characterized in that plastics are fed into thermolysis reactor where thermolysis is carried out in temperature from 3500C to 450°C with agitator 30 - 1500 rpm then plasticized waste are pumped with velocity of flow from 4 to 10 m3/hto the flux heater with heating power about 60 to 120 KW, from where mixture of liquid and vapors with regulated temperature of system is injected back to reactor and vapors of reaction products are off taken continuously from reactor and condensed in following part of system, thermolysis by-products are returned to main thermolysis reactor and reaction leftovers are received continuously through heat exchanger by three-way valve situated before flux heater to residue tank.
Favorably thermolysis process is carried out in temperature range 390 to 430 C. Favorably thermolysis process is carried out with 200 to 700 rpm of agitator. Favorably wastes are plasticized in extruder in temperature range 250 to 3700C. Favorably plasticized plastic is pumped with velocity of flow 6 to 9 m3/h. Favorably heating power of flux heater is 70 to 90 KW.
Main advantage of the invention is designing of small size process equipment for continuous thermolysis carrying out and giving high repeatable products with lower temperature regime without catalysts with remover heating center to external loop of reactor.
Thermolysis process is very stable due to small temperature difference between temperature of plasticized feedstock and thermolysis temperature. It causes considerably decrease of energy consumption for depolymerization and lowering of feedstock residence time in the reactor affecting much lower tendency to producing coke inside reactor and whole system. External circulation loop outside reactor connected with reactor by pipes and two spouts - inlet and outlet - allows forced move of reaction mixture in system thermolysis reactor - circulation loop and lowering carbonization. Additionally reducing volume of coke is caused by using circulation pump which causes reducing contact time of reaction mixture and hot walls of heating system. Using electrical flux heater moved heating place for process from thermolysis reactor and improved heating efficiency and reduced heat loss. Implementing the reactor with elongated shape and with vertical baffles enables proper mixing. More over implementing high speed dual mixer causes more efficient mixing and equal temperature distribution inside reactor. Inspection flange enables stripping of reactor bottom.
Important advantage of the invention is three-way valve working in temperature of reactor so flux pumped from pump is divided on stream run to heater and stream of residue maintenance-free removed. This method gives very wide hydrocarbon fraction.
The object of the invention is reconstructed in example on the fig - scheme of the system for thermolysis of polyolefins.
Example of implementation caused below do not limit possibilities of use of the invention.
System implementation
Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste according to the invention is characterized by granulated or leaf-shaped feedstock feeding system 1 to the extruder 2. Plasticized in the extruder 2 granulate, heated up to 300-3300C, is fed through inlet piece X7_ to reactor 3 in which thermolysis process takes place. Reactors 3 high is two times bigger than its diameter. Reactor 3 is equipped in dual high-speed propeller 7 with different propeller blade angle. Dual high-speed propeller 7 is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid. Reactor 3 is equipped in two internal vertical baffles on the walls 9 and 9\ Agitators shaft is equipped with additional stabilizing bars IJ.. Moreover reactor 3 is equipped in independent accessory agitator IQ which eliminates foam forming. In the bottom of reactor 3 inspection flange Vλ and anti-whirl device 13 are set up. Thermolysis process of molten plastic is carried out in temperature from 390 to 4600C and with 200 to 700 rpm of agitator. In the bottom of the thermolysis reactor 3 is an reaction mixture outlet piece 14 and mechanical filter 16. Plasticized polymer is fed through outlet piece 14 and circulation pump 6 to external circulation loop 4 with velocity of flow 6 to 9 m3/h. Before circulation pump 6 is set up a filter 22. In circulation loop 4 reaction mixture flow through three-way valve 8 and through electrical flux heater 5 which controls process temperature. Heating power of flux heater is 70 to 90 KW. The mixture of vapors and liquid is continuously conducted through inlet piece 15 back to thermolysis reactor 3. Vapors from the process are collected in other part of the system 23 and condensed into liquid product. Thermolysis residue are collected continuously also by external circulation loop 4 in discharge system through three-way valve 8 dividing pumped stream of reaction mixture on stream conducted to residue cooling system 18 and leftovers tank 19 and main product stream conducted through flux heater 5 and inlet piece 15 situated tangential to reactor wall. Under the bottom of the reactor 3 is set up bottom emergency trigger valve 20 which is equipped in drain mechanism 2J_. Drain mechanism 2J_ is manual or pneumatic punch. Thermolysis process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. Thermolysis product is a very wide hydrocarbon fraction for further rework.

Claims

Patent Claims
1. Apparatus for conducting waste plastic thermolysis consisting feeding system, reactor for thermolysis which high is at least 1 ,5 time bigger than its diameter, external circulation loop and products collecting system characterized in that after the feeding system (1) there is an extruder (2) followed by main thermolysis reactor (3), appointed with dual agitator (7) and connected with external circulation loop (4) involving flux heater (5), circulation pump (6) and three-way valve (8).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that thermolysis reactor (3) has at least two vertical internal baffles (9) and (&_).
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that thermolysis reactor's (3) high is two times bigger than its diameter.
4. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that thermolysis reactor (3) is equipped in independent accessory agitator (IQ).
5. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 4 characterized in that agitator (7) is high speed mixer with different propeller blade angles.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that agitator (7) is a dual propeller agitator.
7. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 6 characterized in that dual propeller agitator (7) is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
8. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 7 characterized in that agitators (7) shaft is equipped with additional stabilizing bars (H).
9. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that reactor (3) has an inspection flange (12) in its bottom part.
10. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 8 characterized in that in the bottom of the reactor (3) there is a internal anti-whirl device (13).
11. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that in the bottom of the reactor (3) there is a outlet piece (14) of reaction mixture and after flux heater (5), in the upper part of reactor (3) wall there is a inlet piece (15) of reaction mixture.
12. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that over outlet piece (14) there is a sieve or filter (16).
13. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 11 characterized in that after extruder (2), squared to reactor (3) wall is inlet piece {XT) of plasticized feedstock from extruder (2) and inlet piece (15) of feedstock from circulation loop is tangential to reactor (3) wall.
14. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 13 characterized in that the inlet piece (17) of plasticized feedstock from extruder (2) into reactor is situated under inlet piece (15) of reaction mixture from circulation loop (4).
15. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that thermolysis residue collecting system comprises three-way valve (8) in circulation loop (4), residue cooling system (18) and residue tank (19).
16. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 15 characterized in that residue tank (19) is cooled by current liquid.
17. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 15 characterized in that reactor (3) trigger system is equipped in circulation pump (6), bottom emergency trigger valve (20) and three-way valve (8).
18. Apparatus according to claim 17 characterized in that bottom emergency trigger valve (20) is equipped in drain mechanism (21 ).
19. Apparatus according to claim 18 characterized in that drain mechanism (2J_) is sealed hand drain bar.
20. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that circulation pump (6) is following a filter (22).
21. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that circulation pump (6) is a vortex pump.
22. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 21 characterized in that circulation pump (6) is heated externally by oil heating jacked.
23. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that circulation pump (6) is calked by inert gas cooled by liquid.
24. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that flux heater (5) is heated electrically.
25. Plastic waste thermolysis method in inert atmosphere in which waste are fed continuously to extruder and plasticized in temperature from 1800C up to temperature in reactor characterized in that plastics are fed into thermolysis reactor where thermolysis is carried out in temperature from 3500C to 450°C with agitator 30 - 1500 rpm then plasticized waste are pumped with velocity of flow from 4 to 10 m3/hto the flux heater with heating power about 60 to 120 KW, from where mixture of liquid and vapors with regulated temperature of system is injected back to reactor and vapors of reaction products are offtaken continuously from reactor and condensed in following part of system, thermolysis by-products are returned to main thermolysis reactor and reaction leftovers are received continuously through heat exchanger by three-way valve situated before flux heater to residue tank.
26. Method according to claim 25 characterized in that thermolysis process is carried out in temperature range 390 to 4300C.
27. Method according to claims 25 and 26 characterized in that thermolysis process is carried out with 200 to 700 rpm of agitator.
28. Method according to claims 25 and 27 characterized in that wastes are plasticized in extruder in temperature range 250 to 370°C.
29. Method according to claims 25 and 28 characterized in that plasticized plastic is pumped with velocity of flow 6 to 9 m3/h.
30. Method according to claim 25 characterized in that heating power of flux heater is 70 to 90 KVV.
PCT/IB2009/052830 2009-03-14 2009-06-30 Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste and method of thermolysis in continuous manner WO2010106399A2 (en)

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IL215036A IL215036A (en) 2009-03-14 2011-09-08 Apparatus for conducting thermolysis of plastic waste and method of thermolysis in continuous manner
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US8680349B2 (en) 2014-03-25
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EP2406348B1 (en) 2023-06-07
IL215036A (en) 2015-11-30
US20140171701A1 (en) 2014-06-19
PL387499A1 (en) 2010-09-27
IL215036A0 (en) 2011-11-30
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US9376632B2 (en) 2016-06-28
EP2406348C0 (en) 2023-06-07

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