WO2010104751A1 - System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water - Google Patents
System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010104751A1 WO2010104751A1 PCT/US2010/026289 US2010026289W WO2010104751A1 WO 2010104751 A1 WO2010104751 A1 WO 2010104751A1 US 2010026289 W US2010026289 W US 2010026289W WO 2010104751 A1 WO2010104751 A1 WO 2010104751A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow channel
- carbon dioxide
- seawater
- permeate
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/06—Specific process operations in the permeate stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/12—Addition of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- This invention relates to the remineralization of process water in a desalination process. More particularly, the present invention relates to using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater, or concentrates called brines, to remineralize desalinated water produced using membrane processes, thermal processes, or other alternative processes . Description of the Background Art
- Known desalination systems use reverse osmosis (RO) filters, or thermal energy, or electrical current, to create pure water (H 2 O) from seawater.
- RO reverse osmosis
- Desalinated water by itself is not suitable for human consumption and is highly corrosive to distribution systems, such as pipelines and plumbing. This is because pure processed water has a lower pH by dissolution of carbon dioxide in atmosphere and is devoid of key minerals.
- known desalination systems require a post-treatment or remineralization process. In this process minerals, such as calcium and carbonates, are added back to the desalinated water. This remineralization step adds taste and reduces the corrosive effects of the water.
- Fig. 1 is a process diagram illustrating the remineralization system of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention .
- Fig. 3 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is sequestered from brine.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- Fig. 8 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is sequestered from brine .
- Fig. 9 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is sequestered from brine .
- Fig. 10 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is sequestered from brine.
- the present invention relates to an improved method for remineralizing in a desalination system preferring reverse osmosis (RO) permeate.
- carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) is sequestered from seawater or the concentrate of desalination processes via a gas transfer membrane.
- the carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) is thereafter used in the production of soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 ) -
- the calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 ) adds hardness and alkalinity to the desalinated water so as to yield potable water.
- the desalination system includes a conventional reverse osmosis (RO) filter 22, including an upstream inlet 24 for seawater and a downstream outlet 26 for the RO permeate.
- RO reverse osmosis
- the present invention further includes a hydrophobic gas transfer apparatus 28.
- a suitable gas transfer apparatus is sold by Membrana Corporation of Charlotte, North Carolina under the trademark Liqui-Cel ® .
- the transfer apparatus 28 includes a housing 32 with two counter current flow channels (34 and 36) .
- co-current flow channels can also be used.
- These flow channels (34 and 36) are separated by one or more membranes 38.
- the membranes 38 include pores that are of a sufficient size to allow only the transfer of CO 2 gas therethrough.
- Each flow channel of the membrane has both upstream and downstream ends. That is, the first flow channel 34 has an upstream end 42 and a downstream end 44.
- the second flow channel 36 includes an upstream end 46 and a downstream end 48.
- seawater which can be drawn from the ocean, is supplied to the upstream end 42 of first flow channel 34.
- the second flow channel 36 is coupled to the output of the RO filter 22.
- the upstream end 46 of second flow channel 36 is supplied with RO permeate.
- sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4
- Other acids are also present.
- the acid is added at the upstream end 42 of the first flow channel 34.
- the addition of the acid creates an acidified seawater solution.
- the present invention can also be used in association with a brine solution, in which case the addition of the acid creates an acidified brine solution.
- Bicarbonate (HCO 3 " ) within the seawater then reacts with the sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas. This reaction is carried out in accordance with Equation 1 below:
- the gaseous carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) created in accordance with Equation 1 then becomes entrained within the seawater.
- the seawater and entrained carbon dioxide gas thereafter pass through the first flow channel 34 and encounter membranes 38.
- As the entrained carbon dioxide gas traverses flow channel 34 it passes through the pores of the membranes 38 and, thereby, passes from the first to the second flow channels (34 and 36) .
- the gaseous carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is then dissolved within the RO permeate passing through the second flow channel 36.
- the resulting alkalinity of the RO permeate is thereby increased, ideally to a level that is higher than 50 to 70 milligrams per liter.
- calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is added at the downstream end 48 of the second flow channel 36.
- the sequestered carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) dissolved in the desalinated water, then reacts with the added calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) to produce calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 ) in accordance with the following equation:
- the resulting calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3 J 2 ) is then routed to and mixed with the RO permeate.
- the calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 ) adds the necessary hardness and alkalinity to make the water (H 2 O) potable and non corrosive.
- the alkalinity concentration of the RO permeate should be above 50 to 70 milligrams per liter.
- the system depicted in Figure 4 includes two RO trains (22a and 22b) .
- the first train 22a produces a high pH RO permeate (i.e. 7.0 to 8.0 pH) and the second train 22b produces a lower pH permeate (i.e. 4.5 to 6.0 pH) .
- the lowered pH seawater and the higher pH RO permeate from the first RO train 22a then pass through the gas transfer assembly 28 wherein carbon dioxide (C02) is passed from the first the second flow channel (34 and 36) .
- This method further includes a limestone filter 52 for remineralizing the output of the second RO filter 22b.
- Limestone is known as a means for remineralization and can be used to supplement the remineralization provided by the present system.
- Figures 5 and 6 are further examples of systems wherein further remineralization is carried out via a
- limestone filter 52 is positioned at the downstream end 48 of second flow channel 36.
- the limestone filter 52 is included at the output of RO filter 22. Additionally in Figure 6 the pH of the permeate is lowered prior to passage through the limestone filter 52.
- FIGS 7-10 illustrate still further alternative embodiments of the present invention.
- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is sequestered from concentrated brine as opposed to seawater.
- the inlet to the first flow channel 34 is coupled to the brine outlet of the RO filter 22.
- sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is added to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in accordance with Equation 1 above.
- the bicarbonate (HCO 3 " ) necessary for the reaction is found in the brine concentrate 22 and not seawater.
- calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) is added to the upstream side of second flow channel 36 to thereby increase the pH of the permeate and, thereby, increase the transfer rate of the carbon dioxide (Co 2 ) through the gas transfer membranes.
- the embodiment of Figure 8 is the same in all respects to the embodiment of Figure 7, however, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used in lieu of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) .
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) dosing is accomplished downstream of the second flow channel.
- a limestone filter 52 is used in place of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) dosing.
Abstract
Disclosed is an improved method for the remineralization of process water in a desalination system. The method sequesters carbon dioxide gas (CO2) from seawater or concentrate (brine) of desalination process via a gas transfer membrane. The sequestered carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is thereafter used in the production of soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2). The calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) adds hardness and alkalinity to the resulting process water.
Description
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USING CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTERD FROM SEAWATER IN THE REMINERALIZATION OF PROCESS WATER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the remineralization of process water in a desalination process. More particularly, the present invention relates to using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater, or concentrates called brines, to remineralize desalinated water produced using membrane processes, thermal processes, or other alternative processes . Description of the Background Art
Known desalination systems use reverse osmosis (RO) filters, or thermal energy, or electrical current, to create pure water (H2O) from seawater. Desalinated water by itself, however, is not suitable for human consumption and is highly corrosive to distribution systems, such as pipelines and plumbing. This is because pure processed water has a lower pH by dissolution of carbon dioxide in atmosphere and is devoid of key minerals. Thus, known desalination systems require a post-treatment or remineralization process. In this process minerals, such as
calcium and carbonates, are added back to the desalinated water. This remineralization step adds taste and reduces the corrosive effects of the water.
Known remineralization processes add gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and either calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) . These react with the water (H2O) to form a soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) . Calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3J2) increases the pH and otherwise adds both alkalinity and hardness to the water. The result is water that is better tasting and less corrosive. Current remineralization techniques deliver the gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) via commercial suppliers or the on-site burning of fossil fuels. However, commercial carbon dioxide (CO2) supplies can be expensive and can substantially increase the price per gallon of the resulting water. On- site burning of fossil fuels is also not an acceptable alternative due to the creation of damaging green house gases .
Thus, there exists a need in the art for a remineralization processes that does not require an external supply of carbon dioxide (CO2) . There is also a need in the art for a remineralization process that is more
cost effective and that is not damaging to the environment The present invention is aimed at fulfilling these needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore one of the objectives of this invention to enable the remineralization of process water without the need for an external supply of carbon dioxide.
It is a further object of this invention to remineralize process water without having to burn fossil fuels .
It is also one of the objectives of this invention to provide a desalination system wherein the carbon dioxide used for remineralization is sequestered from seawater or waste streams from seawater desalination processes.
It is still yet another object of this invention to reduce scale and inorganic fouling on membranes used in desalination processes.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more pertinent and important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood so that the present contribution to the art can be more fully appreciated. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in
the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a process diagram illustrating the remineralization system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention .
Fig. 3 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative remineralization system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO2) is sequestered from brine.
Fig. 8 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO2) is sequestered from brine .
Fig. 9 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO2) is sequestered from brine .
Fig. 10 is a process diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment wherein carbon dioxide (CO2) is sequestered from brine.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention relates to an improved method for remineralizing in a desalination system preferring reverse osmosis (RO) permeate. In accordance with the method, carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is sequestered from seawater or the concentrate of desalination processes via a gas transfer membrane. The carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is thereafter used in the production of soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) - The calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) adds hardness and alkalinity to the desalinated water so as to yield potable water. The various details of the present invention, and the manner in which they interrelate, are described in greater detail hereinafter.
With reference to Figure 1, a specific embodiment of the method of the present invention is depicted, along with the basic components of a water desalination system 20. The desalination system includes a conventional reverse osmosis (RO) filter 22, including an upstream inlet 24 for seawater and a downstream outlet 26 for the RO permeate.
The present invention further includes a hydrophobic gas transfer apparatus 28. A suitable gas transfer apparatus is sold by Membrana Corporation of Charlotte,
North Carolina under the trademark Liqui-Cel®. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other suitable gas transfer devices after considering the invention. Ideally, the transfer apparatus 28 includes a housing 32 with two counter current flow channels (34 and 36) . However, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that co-current flow channels can also be used. These flow channels (34 and 36) are separated by one or more membranes 38. The membranes 38 include pores that are of a sufficient size to allow only the transfer of CO2 gas therethrough. Each flow channel of the membrane has both upstream and downstream ends. That is, the first flow channel 34 has an upstream end 42 and a downstream end 44. Likewise, the second flow channel 36 includes an upstream end 46 and a downstream end 48. As is evident from Figure 1, seawater, which can be drawn from the ocean, is supplied to the upstream end 42 of first flow channel 34. The second flow channel 36 is coupled to the output of the RO filter 22. Thus, the upstream end 46 of second flow channel 36 is supplied with RO permeate.
In accordance with the preferred method, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is added to the seawater. Other acids are also
- S -
applicable to lower the pH. As illustrated in the embodiment of Figure 1, the acid is added at the upstream end 42 of the first flow channel 34. The addition of the acid creates an acidified seawater solution. The present invention can also be used in association with a brine solution, in which case the addition of the acid creates an acidified brine solution. Bicarbonate (HCO3 ") within the seawater then reacts with the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. This reaction is carried out in accordance with Equation 1 below:
H2SO4 + HCO3 " ^CO2 Eq. 1
The gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) created in accordance with Equation 1 then becomes entrained within the seawater. The seawater and entrained carbon dioxide gas thereafter pass through the first flow channel 34 and encounter membranes 38. As the entrained carbon dioxide gas traverses flow channel 34, it passes through the pores of the membranes 38 and, thereby, passes from the first to the second flow channels (34 and 36) . The gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) is then dissolved within the RO permeate passing through the second flow channel 36. The resulting
alkalinity of the RO permeate is thereby increased, ideally to a level that is higher than 50 to 70 milligrams per liter.
In the next step, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is added at the downstream end 48 of the second flow channel 36. The sequestered carbon dioxide (CO2) , dissolved in the desalinated water, then reacts with the added calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to produce calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3) 2) in accordance with the following equation:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ► Ca(HCO312 Eq. 2
The resulting calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3J2) is then routed to and mixed with the RO permeate. The calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) adds the necessary hardness and alkalinity to make the water (H2O) potable and non corrosive. Ideally, the alkalinity concentration of the RO permeate should be above 50 to 70 milligrams per liter.
Various alternative embodiments of the present invention are described next. With regard to Figure 2, applicants have discovered that increasing the pH of the permeate increases the transfer rate of the carbon dioxide
(Co2) through membranes 38. Thus, in this embodiment,
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is added at the upstream end 46 of the second flow channel 36 to thereby increase the pH of the permeate and facilitate greater transfer rates across membranes 38. The system depicted in Figure 3 is the same in all respects as the system of Figure 2, however, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used in lieu of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to increase the pH.
The system depicted in Figure 4 includes two RO trains (22a and 22b) . In this system, the first train 22a produces a high pH RO permeate (i.e. 7.0 to 8.0 pH) and the second train 22b produces a lower pH permeate (i.e. 4.5 to 6.0 pH) . The lowered pH seawater and the higher pH RO permeate from the first RO train 22a then pass through the gas transfer assembly 28 wherein carbon dioxide (C02) is passed from the first the second flow channel (34 and 36) . This method further includes a limestone filter 52 for remineralizing the output of the second RO filter 22b. Limestone is known as a means for remineralization and can be used to supplement the remineralization provided by the present system.
Figures 5 and 6 are further examples of systems wherein further remineralization is carried out via a
- 1 O -
limestone filter. Namely, in Figure 5, limestone filter 52 is positioned at the downstream end 48 of second flow channel 36. In Figure 6, the limestone filter 52 is included at the output of RO filter 22. Additionally in Figure 6 the pH of the permeate is lowered prior to passage through the limestone filter 52.
Figures 7-10 illustrate still further alternative embodiments of the present invention. In these alternative embodiments, carbon dioxide (CO2) is sequestered from concentrated brine as opposed to seawater. Namely, in each of the disclosed embodiments, the inlet to the first flow channel 34 is coupled to the brine outlet of the RO filter 22. As in the primary embodiment, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is added to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) in accordance with Equation 1 above. However, in the case of the embodiments depicted in Figures 7-10, the bicarbonate (HCO3 ") necessary for the reaction is found in the brine concentrate 22 and not seawater.
In the embodiment of Figure 7, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) is added to the upstream side of second flow channel 36 to thereby increase the pH of the permeate and,
thereby, increase the transfer rate of the carbon dioxide (Co2) through the gas transfer membranes. The embodiment of Figure 8 is the same in all respects to the embodiment of Figure 7, however, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used in lieu of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) . In the embodiment of Figure 9, the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) dosing is accomplished downstream of the second flow channel. Finally, in the embodiment of Figure 10, a limestone filter 52 is used in place of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) dosing.
The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Now that the invention has been described,
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
Claims
1. 1. A method for re-mineralizing process water in a seawater desalination plant, the method comprising the following steps: providing a reverse osmosis (RO) filter including an upstream inlet for seawater and a downstream outlet for RO permeate; providing a gas transfer membrane, the membrane including first and second counter current flow channels, each flow channel having upstream and downstream ends, seawater being supplied to the first flow channel and RO permeate being supplied to the second flow channel; adding sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to the upstream end of the first flow channel to produce an acidified seawater solution, whereby the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with bicarbonate (HCU3 ~) present within the seawater to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in accordance with the following equation:
H2SO4 + HCO3 " ^CO2 Eq. 1
passing the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas through the gas transfer membrane, whereby the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is sequestered from the first to the second flow channel; adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to the downstream end of the second flow channel, wherein the sequestered carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in desalinated water reacts with the added calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to produce calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCOa)2 ) in accordance with the following equation :
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 —► Ca(HCOs)2
the produced calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) being added to the RO permeate to thereby add hardness and alkalinity to the resulting water (H2O) .
2. A method for re-mineralizing process water in a seawater desalination plant comprising the following steps : providing a filter including an upstream inlet for seawater and a downstream outlet for permeate; providing a membrane, the membrane including first and second flow channels, each flow channel having upstream and downstream ends, seawater being supplied to the first flow channel and permeate being supplied to the second flow channel; adding an acid to the upstream end of the first flow channel to produce an acidified seawater solution, whereby the acid reacts with bicarbonate (HCO3 ") present within the seawater to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas; passing the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas through the membrane, whereby the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is sequestered from the first to the second flow channel and is dissolved in the permeate; adding a base to the downstream end of the second flow channel, wherein the sequestered carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in the permeate reacts with the base to produce calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2 ), the produced calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO3) 2) being added to the permeate to thereby add hardness and alkalinity to the resulting water (H2O) .
3. The method as described in claim 2 wherein the acid added to the upstream end of the first flow channel is sulfuric acid and wherein the carbon dioxide gas is produced in accordance with the following equation:
H2SO4 + HCO3 " ^CO2 Eq. 1
4. The method as described in claim 2 wherein the base added to the downstream end of the second flow channel is calcium hydroxide and wherein the calcium bicarbonate is produced in accordance with the following equation:
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 ► Ca (HCO3) 2
5. The method as described in claim 2 wherein the filter is a reverse osmosis filter
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10751211.3A EP2406189B1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-05 | Method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
ES10751211T ES2531276T3 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-05 | Method for using carbon dioxide fixed from seawater in remineralization of process water |
KR1020117023829A KR101664516B1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-05 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
US12/964,217 US8685250B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-12-09 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/400,765 US7771599B1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
US12/400,765 | 2009-03-09 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/400,765 Continuation US7771599B1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/964,217 Continuation-In-Part US8685250B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-12-09 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010104751A1 true WO2010104751A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
Family
ID=42536519
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/026289 WO2010104751A1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-05 | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7771599B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2406189B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101664516B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2531276T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010104751A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8585906B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2013-11-19 | Rayne Dealership Corporation | Regeneration of ion exchange resin and recovery of regenerant solution |
US8313557B2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2012-11-20 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Recovery of [CO2]T from seawater/aqueous bicarbonate systems using a multi-layer gas permeable membrane |
AU2010319846B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2015-05-28 | Oasys Water LLC | Forward osmosis separation processes |
US9044711B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2015-06-02 | Oasys Water, Inc. | Osmotically driven membrane processes and systems and methods for draw solute recovery |
EP2418177B9 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-09-16 | Omya International AG | Micronized CaCO3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
KR100990486B1 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-11-29 | 케이씨삼양정수(주) | Potabilization method and apparatus for producing potable water from desalinated seawater |
AU2012231225A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2013-10-31 | Hydration Systems, Llc | Bicarbonate conversion assisted RO treatment system for natural gas flowback water |
IL212746A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2017-10-31 | David Sherzer | Water desalination system |
EA024001B1 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2016-08-31 | Юнилевер Н.В. | Water purification system |
WO2013036804A1 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-14 | Sylvan Source, Inc. | Industrial water purification and desalination |
FR2983355B1 (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2014-02-14 | Prodose | METHOD AND DEVICES FOR REMINERALIZING AND CORRECTING PH OF WATER PRODUCED IN AN AIRCRAFT |
ES2630173T5 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2020-07-06 | Omya Int Ag | Process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one alkaline earth hydrogen carbonate and its use |
ES2584602T3 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-09-28 | Omya International Ag | Process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonate and its use |
EP2805924B1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2018-02-21 | Omya International AG | Multiple batch system for the preparation of a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate suitable for the remineralization of desalinated water and of naturally soft water |
EP2805923B1 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2018-10-31 | Omya International AG | Installation for the preparation of a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate suitable for the remineralization of water |
WO2015060842A1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Volatile surfactant treatment for subterranean formations |
WO2015134408A1 (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-11 | Blue Planet, Ltd. | Alkali enrichment mediated co2 sequestration methods, and systems for practicing the same |
US9993799B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2018-06-12 | Blue Planet, Ltd. | Continuous carbon sequestration material production methods and systems for practicing the same |
ES2838023T3 (en) | 2015-01-29 | 2021-07-01 | Omya Int Ag | Process for making an alkaline earth hydrogen carbonate solution |
US9914644B1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2018-03-13 | X Development Llc | Energy efficient method for stripping CO2 from seawater |
EP3202720A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-09 | Omya International AG | Process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate |
EP3202719A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-09 | Omya International AG | Installation for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate |
US20170313599A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Chaitanya Karamchedu | Desalination method using superabsorbant polymers |
US9914683B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2018-03-13 | X Development Llc | Fuel synthesis from an aqueous solution |
US9862643B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2018-01-09 | X Development Llc | Building materials from an aqueous solution |
US9915136B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2018-03-13 | X Development Llc | Hydrocarbon extraction through carbon dioxide production and injection into a hydrocarbon well |
US9873650B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2018-01-23 | X Development Llc | Method for efficient CO2 degasification |
US10195543B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2019-02-05 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Methods and systems for treating a switchable polarity material, and related methods of liquid treatment |
NL2021733B1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-05-07 | Univ Twente | Method for the production of drinking water |
WO2020212980A1 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-22 | Hutchison Water Israel E.P.C Ltd | A system and method for treating water |
CN111320249A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁莱特莱德环境工程有限公司 | Seawater desalination mineralization steam-water mixing device |
EP4112567A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-04 | Suez International | Method and installation for producing desalted and mineralized water from saline water |
WO2023018715A1 (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sulfuric acid production with mineral carbon sequestration |
WO2023175545A1 (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-21 | Seven Vibrations Limited | System, method, and apparatus for enhancing a fluid |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040104180A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-06-03 | Jean- Claude Gaudinot | Method and installation for remineralizing raw water |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7605952A (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-06 | Curacao Eilandgebied | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING SEA AND FRESHWATER. |
JPH0790215B2 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1995-10-04 | 神鋼パンテツク株式会社 | Method for removing dissolved carbon dioxide gas in pure water production equipment |
US5132094A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-07-21 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the determination of dissolved carbon in water |
FR2662616B1 (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1994-07-08 | Anjou Rech | INSTALLATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID FLOWS WITH SINGLE-PHASE CONTACTOR, AND RECIRCULATOR-DEGASSER DEVICE FOR SUCH AN INSTALLATION. |
JP3105309B2 (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 2000-10-30 | 呉羽化学工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for improving tap water |
DE4431911A1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Passavant Werke | Drinking water prepn. from soft water |
US5993737A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-11-30 | Implico B.V. | Stabilization of water |
FR2738234B1 (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 1998-10-30 | Degremont | PROCESS FOR REMOVAL OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND REMINERALIZATION OF LOWLY MINERALIZED WATER |
DE19631472A1 (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-15 | Peter Dipl Chem Koslowsky | Method and device for treating and keeping water clean |
US6267891B1 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2001-07-31 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | High purity water production using ion exchange |
CA2418472C (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2010-11-16 | Csir | Water treatment method |
US6572902B2 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2003-06-03 | Advanced H2O, Inc. | Process for producing improved alkaline drinking water and the product produced thereby |
US6796436B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2004-09-28 | Ionics, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for preparing pure water |
DE10336755B4 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2014-08-14 | Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH | Apparatus and method for carbonating drinking water |
KR100518267B1 (en) * | 2002-12-21 | 2005-10-04 | 한국전력공사 | Method and apparatus for improving the detection sensitivity of the analyser used for the measurement of organic materials dissolved in water |
US20060091077A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Ecolochem, Inc. | Concentrate recycle loop with filtration module |
JP4773911B2 (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2011-09-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Drinking water production apparatus and method for producing drinking water |
-
2009
- 2009-03-09 US US12/400,765 patent/US7771599B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-03-05 WO PCT/US2010/026289 patent/WO2010104751A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-05 KR KR1020117023829A patent/KR101664516B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-03-05 EP EP10751211.3A patent/EP2406189B1/en active Active
- 2010-03-05 ES ES10751211T patent/ES2531276T3/en active Active
- 2010-12-09 US US12/964,217 patent/US8685250B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040104180A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-06-03 | Jean- Claude Gaudinot | Method and installation for remineralizing raw water |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
GEEEN.: "Carlsbad project develops plan to mitigate its carbon footprint. Desalination.", ENVIOMMENTAL PROTECTIOHN., 11 November 2008 (2008-11-11), XP008167200 * |
MEMBRANA: "Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors, Carbon Dioxice and Water.", TECHBRIEF, 2007 * |
YAMAUCHI, Y. ET AL.: "Remineralization of Desalinated Water by Limestone Dissolution Filter.", DESALINATION., vol. 66, 1987, pages 365 - 383, XP055100324 * |
ZIDOURI, H.: "Desalination in Morocco and presentation of design and operation of the Laayoune seawater reverse osmosis plant.", DESALINATION., vol. 131, 2000, pages 137 - 145, XP004306346 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8685250B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
ES2531276T3 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
KR101664516B1 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
US7771599B1 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
EP2406189B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
US20110132840A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
EP2406189A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
KR20110137354A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2406189A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7771599B1 (en) | System and method for using carbon dioxide sequestered from seawater in the remineralization of process water | |
US8551221B2 (en) | Method for combining desalination and osmotic power with carbon dioxide capture | |
US10226740B2 (en) | Membrane and electrodialysis based seawater desalination with salt, boron and gypsum recovery | |
US20100212319A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for generating power utilizing forward osmosis | |
AU2010357340B2 (en) | Concentration plant, plant for producing fresh water by concentration and for generating electric power, concentration method, and method for operating plant for producing fresh water by concentration and for generating electric power | |
US20210039044A1 (en) | Carbon Dioxide Sequestration | |
US8801934B2 (en) | Osmotically-assisted desalination method and system | |
EP1431250A3 (en) | Water purification system and method | |
WO2012023742A3 (en) | Potabilization method and apparatus for producing potable water from desalinated seawater | |
JP2008161797A (en) | Operation method of freshwater production apparatus, and freshwater production apparatus | |
JP2014034946A (en) | Osmotic pressure power generation system | |
EP3895785A1 (en) | Unit for desalination and greenhouse gas sequestration | |
KR20140105348A (en) | Desalination system capable of recovering osmotic energy and method thereof | |
Al-Enezi et al. | Design consideration of RO units: case studies | |
Ophek et al. | Reducing the specific energy consumption of 1st-pass SWRO by application of high-flux membranes fed with high-pH, decarbonated seawater | |
Nir et al. | A novel approach for SWRO desalination plants operation, comprising single pass boron removal and reuse of CO2 in the post treatment step | |
WO2016160810A1 (en) | Osmotic separation systems and methods | |
Gilron et al. | Prevention of precipitation fouling in NF/RO by reverse flow operation | |
WO2014125269A1 (en) | Processes for desalination and purification by forward osmosis | |
CN106800351A (en) | Full Membrane seawater desalination and strong brine utilization system | |
Brião et al. | Is nanofiltration better than reverse osmosis for removal of fluoride from brackish waters to produce drinking water? | |
Hanra | Desalination of seawater using nuclear heat | |
WO2013026068A1 (en) | Method for the continuous recovery of carbon dioxide form acidified seawater | |
US20240123400A1 (en) | Systems and methods for integrated direct air carbon dioxide capture and desalination mineral recovery | |
US20140091040A1 (en) | Bicarbonate conversion assisted ro treatment system for natural gas flowback water |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10751211 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010751211 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20117023829 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |