WO2010102546A1 - 定向开采石料的方法及其使用的膨胀头元件 - Google Patents

定向开采石料的方法及其使用的膨胀头元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010102546A1
WO2010102546A1 PCT/CN2010/070891 CN2010070891W WO2010102546A1 WO 2010102546 A1 WO2010102546 A1 WO 2010102546A1 CN 2010070891 W CN2010070891 W CN 2010070891W WO 2010102546 A1 WO2010102546 A1 WO 2010102546A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
expansion
expansion head
stone
head element
rock
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PCT/CN2010/070891
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄晓东
Original Assignee
Huang Xiaodong
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Publication of WO2010102546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010102546A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/10Devices with expanding elastic casings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of orienting mined stone and an expansion head element therefor, and more particularly to a non-blasting directional quarrying method for mining natural stone and an expansion head element used in the method, the expansion head element being commonly referred to as a rock breaker. Background technique
  • the high-pressure water pump, the rotary joint, the rotary motor and the sealing device are installed.
  • the sealing device is installed in the rock orifice to seal the high-pressure water injected into the rock hole, so that the high-pressure water pressure is continuously increased, and the direct contact with the rock hole is utilized.
  • the high pressure water breaks the rock.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for orienting stone materials in accordance with the deficiencies of the prior art, which can perform directional cracking on various stone materials, concrete materials or coal mines.
  • This method does not require large machinery, and can be used to mine stone only by using a manual hydraulic pump.
  • the operation steps are greatly simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the time is small.
  • a method for directional mining of stone materials comprising the steps of: drilling a stone on a stone wall with a thin wall drilling machine, placing an expansion head element in the drilled hole; and connecting the working medium source to the working medium inlet of the expansion head element,
  • the working medium exerts pressure to enlarge the volume of the expansion hose in the expansion head element, and the deformation of the expansion hose transmits an orientation force to the bushing slider and the bushing housing, the orientation force acting uniformly and effectively on the hole of the hole in which the expansion head element is placed
  • the stone is directionally cracked; when a crack is formed in the stone, the pressure of the working medium is reduced to zero, and the expansion head element returns to the initial state;
  • the expansion head element is a cylindrical body having an aspect ratio of 4:1 to 25 : 1.
  • the above-mentioned drill diameters for thin-walled rigs can be selected from ⁇ 20- ⁇ 100 to meet the different hole diameter requirements of expansion head components (commonly known as: crackers).
  • the thin-walled rig itself is light in weight, low in power, low in price, simple in operation, high in drilling precision, fast in speed, and suitable for use with expansion head components.
  • the above-mentioned expansion head element (cracker) can generate a large directional force in the hole to effectively directional cracking of the surrounding hard objects.
  • the present invention also provides an expansion head member used in the above-described directional mining stone method, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate, improves production efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and requires less time.
  • the expansion head element used in the directional mining stone method provided by the present invention comprises an expansion hose fixed at both ends by a wire plug, and an outer portion of the expansion hose is provided with a bushing shell, and the bushing shell is a two-shell structure
  • the plugs at both ends are respectively fixed with the upper cover and the lower cover, and both ends of the bushing housing are elastically connected with the upper cover and the lower cover; and the expansion hose and the bushing housing are further provided with a lining
  • the sleeve is provided with an elastic sealing member at the upper and lower ends of the expansion hose; the length to diameter ratio of the expansion head member is 4:1 to 25:1.
  • the present invention does not require a large machine, and can only use the manual hydraulic pump to mine the stone. Compared with the prior art cracking technology, the operation steps are greatly simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the time is reduced. . Environmentally friendly, noise-free, dust-free, safe, easy to operate, easy to maintain, low energy consumption, and energy saving.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the state of use of the expansion head member
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the appearance of the expansion head member
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the working state of the expansion hose in the expansion head member
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the expansion head member
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the head cover of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 5.
  • Handle 1 upper cover 2, positioning locking screw 3, top wire 4, outer joint 5, copper washer 6, wire plug 7, 24, pullover cap 8, sleeve cover 9, elastic seal 10, hook spring 11, Working medium inlet 12, working medium outlet 13, spring 14, spherical body 15, curved control device 16, adjusting screw 17, bushing slider 18, bushing housing 19, expansion hose 20, tail cap 21, sealing screw 22 , the lower cover 23 ;
  • Manual hydraulic pump 101 expansion head member 102, stone 103, high pressure rubber tube 104, energy distributor 105, split surface 106, housing 201, liquid medium 202.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the state of use of the expansion head member.
  • An expansion head member 102 is placed in the drilled hole of the stone 103, and the expansion head member 102 is transferred by the high pressure rubber tube 104 using a manual hydraulic pump 101.
  • the expansion head element 102 can be connected in a plurality of parallel and/or series manners according to actual needs, and then placed in the hole drilled in the stone 103, by being disposed between the manual hydraulic pump 101 and the high pressure rubber tube 104.
  • the energy distributor 105 provides a working medium for the plurality of expansion head elements 102. The orientation force is released through the expansion head to uniformly and effectively act on the wall of the stone hole, and the stone is directionally cracked at the crack surface 106.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the appearance of the expansion head member 102.
  • the expansion head housing is made of steel, and the two semi-annular housings 201 function to transmit internal pressure energy and change the direction of the force.
  • the accumulation and transfer of energy is carried by the manual hydraulic pump 101 to transport the liquid medium 202 through the high pressure rubber tube 104 to the expansion hose 20 of the expansion head member (see Fig. 3).
  • the pressure of the liquid medium expands the volume of the elastomeric chamber, and by the deformation of the expansion hose 20, an directional force is transmitted to the joint elements of the rock breaker housing and the support insert to cause the stone to be directionally cracked.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an expansion head member.
  • the present invention provides a An expansion head member for mining stone, comprising an expansion hose 20 fixed at both ends by wire plugs 7, 24, and an outer portion of the expansion hose 20 is provided with a bushing housing 19, which is a two-shell structure
  • the plugs 7, 24 at both ends are respectively fixed to the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 23, and both ends of the bushing housing 19 are elastically connected with the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 23; the expansion hose 20 and the lining
  • a bushing slider 18 is further disposed between the sleeves 19; the upper and lower ends of the expansion hose 20 are provided with an elastic sealing member 10.
  • the aspect ratio of the expansion head element 102 is 4:1 to 25:1, and the preferred aspect ratio is 4:1 to 8:1.
  • a ferrule cover 9 is disposed between the elastic sealing member 10 and the bushing slider 18.
  • the edge of the inner end of the end cap 9 is chamfered to form a slanting surface, and the inclined surface is disposed corresponding to the shape of the end surface of the elastic sealing member 10.
  • the sleeve cover 9 is a profiled flange, and the edge chamfering dimension of the inner end of the end face is lmm-2.5 mm.
  • the pre-assembled expansion head element 102 (cracker) adjusts the given stroke of the expansion head element 102 by means of a curvilinear control device 16 and an adjustment screw 17. Thereafter, the working medium inlet 12 is connected to the working medium source, ⁇ : manual hydraulic pump 101, and the expansion head element 102 is placed in the hole drilled in advance on the stone.
  • manual hydraulic pump 101
  • BP the liquid medium 202 expands the expansion hose 20
  • the expansion force of the expansion hose 20 directly acts on the bushing housing 19 and the bushing slider 18, and finally through the bushing housing 19 Orientation is transmitted externally.
  • the expansion hose 20 expanded by the working medium relies on the acute angle between the side walls of the elastic sealing member 10 to ensure that the sealing gasket and the flat base of the annular cavity are closely fitted, and the tubular elasticity of the tapered end of the wire plug 7 is ensured. Reliable fixation of the chamber ends.
  • the bushing housing 19 of the expansion head element during the working cycle engages the projections in the end of the support bushing slider 18 to ensure its unbiased uniform displacement, which will follow the profile of the ferrule cover during the duty cycle.
  • the grooves on the flange move radially back and forth.
  • the curvilinear control device 16 is used to control the expansion displacement of the inner wall of the expansion hose 20, causing movement of the pre-stressed push rod of the curved control device 16 toward the central portion of the expansion head member.
  • the curved control device 16 reaches a predetermined displacement amount, the spherical body 15 located in the working medium stopper is displaced by the spring 14 to cover the working medium inlet 12, preventing the working medium from entering the inner cavity of the expansion hose 20.
  • the expansion head member placed in the hole in the working cycle causes the force receiving body to act as a crack by the orientation force, the pressure of the working medium is reduced to zero, which is disposed between the expansion hose 20 and the inner wall of the bushing housing 19 at this time.
  • the action of the pre-stressed spring piece, all the movable parts of the expansion head element, and the elastic force of the expansion hose 20 to which the bushing housing 19 is engaged with the element return to the initial state. Additional adjustment of the expansion head element can be performed with an adjustment tool. To do this, the joint is opened to release the working medium, and the adjustment tool is adjusted to the adjustment screw 17 in the tail hole of the curved control device 16, and the adjustment result is as follows: The bushing slider 18 is moved to the required position in the bushing housing 19. The distance, that is, the maximum expansion crack distance of the expansion head element design. The expansion head element exerts a large expansion force on the outer joint portion of the bushing housing 19, which effectively causes the orientation of the hard object around the hole where the expansion head element is located.
  • the aspect ratio of the expansion head element 102, ⁇ , the ratio of length to diameter or length to the largest dimension of the cross section is from 4:1 to 25:1, preferably from 4:1 to 8:1.
  • the length refers to the overall length of the expansion head member 102 from the outer joint 5 of the tip end to the end cap 21 of the tip end.
  • the diameter or cross section refers to the outer diameter or cross section of the bushing housing 19 located at the outermost portion of the expansion head element 102.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hood cover of Figure 4, and Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of the portion A of Figure 5.
  • the chamfer forms a slope at the contact surface of the end surface and the elastic sealing member 10, which facilitates expansion of the expansion hose 20 under the working medium, and drives the bushing slider 18
  • the movement of the bushing housing 19 reduces the shearing force on the expansion hose 20, so that the service life of the expansion hose 20 can be extended.
  • the directional mining stone method and device of the invention greatly simplifies the operation steps, improves the production efficiency, reduces the labor intensity, meets the environmental protection requirements, is noiseless, dust-free, safe and easy to operate. Easy to maintain, low energy consumption, and energy saving.

Description

定向开采石料的方法及其使用的膨胀头元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种定向开采石料的方法及其使用的膨胀头元件, 尤其是用于开采天 然石料的无爆破定向采石方法以及该方法所使用的膨胀头元件, 该膨胀头元件俗称裂 石器。 背景技术
传统的开采大理石、 花岗岩石料以及煤矿巷道的无震掘进等方法, 主要采用以下 几种方式进行:
( 1 ) 使用风镐开采。 采用潜孔钻或凿岩机在石料上打出需要的孔洞, 在钻好的 孔口部装上钢楔子, 然后用锤子敲击使石料开裂。 这种开采方法的工人劳动强度大, 生产效率低, 有时需借助火药爆破同时进行作业, 而且力只作用在孔口部, 成材率低。
( 2 ) 使用液压劈裂机开采。 其破岩原理与人工楔一样。 首先, 将液压劈裂机的 楔头部分插入岩石的孔口上, 然后开动油泵, 驱动液压劈裂机上的液压缸来给楔头施 力, 这种破岩方法存在着以下问题, 楔头作用在岩石上的力只在孔口部, 成材率低, 而且所使用的设备价格贵, 使用寿命短。
( 3 ) 使用静力破碎剂开采。 将配有水的静力破碎剂灌入预先钻好的岩石孔中, 并用水泥或炮泥把孔封住。 水与破碎剂发生反应产生膨胀力, 该膨胀力把岩石胀裂。 采用这种方法破岩的缺点是: 使用费高, 作用时间长, 装破碎剂过程慢, 且时有破碎 剂喷出伤人的事故发生, 破碎剂的保管条件也比较严格。
( 4 ) 利用高压水破岩开采。 采用高压水泵、 回转接头、 回转电机和封孔装置等, 封孔装置装在岩石孔口部, 封住注入岩孔中的高压水, 从而使高压水压力不断升高, 利用与岩石孔直接接触的高压水使岩石破碎。
上述现有的开采方法, 不足在于: 设备造价昂贵, 能耗大, 噪音、 灰尘等污染严 重, 而且设备不易搬动, 无法在多山多石的自然环境或野外环境下使用。 所述的打孔 方式也存在诸多问题。 如采用人工把持风镐钻孔, 虽然费用低, 操作简单, 但所钻孔 直径较小,耗时长且所钻的孔眼垂直度和同心圆度精度差;如采用机械化的潜孔钻(Φ 80- Φ 100 ) 和凿岩机 (Φ 30- Φ 60 ) 钻孔, 虽然速度快、 精度高, 但设备一次性采购成 本是风镐的十几倍, 移动不便, 需要辅助设备较多, 且钻孔尺寸范围较窄。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于, 针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种定向开采石料 的方法, 该方法可对各种石料, 混凝土材料或煤矿进行定向裂切。 该方法不需要大型 机械, 仅仅使用手工液压泵就可开采石料, 与现有技术的裂石技术相比, 大大简化了 操作步骤, 提高了生产效率, 降低了劳动强度, 用时少。 符合环保要求, 无噪音、 无 尘、 安全、 易操作、 易养护, 能耗低, 节省能源。
本发明所要解决的技术问题, 是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种定向开采石料的方法, 包括如下步骤: 采用薄壁钻机在石料上钻孔, 在钻好 的孔眼内, 放置膨胀头元件; 将工作介质源与膨胀头元件的工作介质入口接通, 对工 作介质施加压力扩大膨胀头元件内膨胀胶管的容积, 借助膨胀胶管的变形向衬套滑块 和衬套壳体传输定向作用力, 该定向力均匀有效地作用在放置膨胀头元件的孔眼的孔 壁上, 使石料定向开裂; 当石料中形成裂纹时, 工作介质的压力减至零, 膨胀头元件 回复到初始状态; 所述的膨胀头元件是柱形体, 其长径比是 4: 1至 25 : 1。
上述的与薄壁钻机配套的钻头直径可从 Φ 20- Φ 100进行多种选择, 能够满足膨胀 头元件 (俗称: 裂石器) 对不同孔径的需求。 另外, 薄壁钻机本身重量轻, 功率低, 价格便宜, 操作简单, 钻孔精度高, 速度快, 适宜与膨胀头元件配套使用。 上述膨胀 头元件 (裂石器) 可在孔眼内向周围产生巨大的定向作用力,能有效地对周围坚硬物体 造成定向开裂。
本发明还提供一种上述的定向开采石料方法所使用的膨胀头元件, 结构简单、 易 于操作, 提高了生产效率, 降低了劳动强度, 用时少。
本发明所提供的定向开采石料方法所使用的膨胀头元件, 包括两端通过丝堵固定 的膨胀胶管, 膨胀胶管的外部设有衬套壳体, 所述的衬套壳体为两半壳结构; 两端的 丝堵分别与上封盖和下封盖固定, 衬套壳体的两端与上封盖和下封盖弹性连接; 所述 的膨胀胶管和衬套壳体之间还设有衬套滑块; 膨胀胶管的上、下两端设有弹性密封件; 所述的膨胀头元件的长径比是 4: 1至 25 : 1。
综上所述, 本发明不需要大型机械, 仅仅使用手工液压泵就可开采石料, 与现有 技术的裂石技术相比, 大大简化了操作步骤, 提高了生产效率, 降低了劳动强度, 用 时少。 符合环保要求, 无噪音、 无尘、 安全、 易操作、 易养护, 能耗低, 节省能源。 附图说明
图 1是膨胀头元件使用状态示意图;
图 2是膨胀头元件的外观示意图;
图 3是膨胀头元件内膨胀胶管工作状态的示意图;
图 4是膨胀头元件的整体结构示意图;
图 5是图 4中套头盖的剖面图;
图 6是图 5中 A部的局部放大图。
附图标记说明:
提手 1, 上封盖 2, 定位锁紧螺丝 3, 顶丝 4, 外接头 5, 铜垫圈 6, 丝堵 7、 24, 套头帽 8, 套头盖 9, 弹性密封件 10, 挂钩弹簧 11, 工作介质入口 12, 工作介质出口 13, 弹簧 14, 球形体 15, 曲线型控制装置 16, 调节螺丝 17, 衬套滑块 18, 衬套壳体 19, 膨胀胶管 20, 尾帽 21, 密封螺丝 22, 下封盖 23 ;
手动液压泵 101, 膨胀头元件 102, 石材 103, 高压橡胶管 104, 能量分配器 105, 开裂面 106, 壳体 201, 液体介质 202。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行具体描述。 具体实施方式
图 1是膨胀头元件使用状态示意图。 在石材 103已钻好的孔眼内放置膨胀头元件 102, 采用手动液压泵 101通过高压橡胶管 104对膨胀头元件 102传输能量。膨胀头元 件 102可以根据实际的需要, 采用多个并联和 /或串联的方式连接之后, 再放置在石材 103上钻好的孔眼内, 通过设置在手动液压泵 101和高压橡胶管 104之间的能量分配 器 105, 为多个膨胀头元件 102提供工作介质。 通过膨胀头释放定向力均匀有效地作 用在石料孔眼的孔壁上, 在开裂面 106使石料定向开裂。
图 2是膨胀头元件 102的外观示意图, 膨胀头壳体使用钢材制造, 两个半环状的 壳体 201所起的作用是将内部的压力能量传递出来并改变力的方向。 结合图 1所示, 能量的积累和传递是由手动液压泵 101输送液体介质 202通过高压橡胶管 104流动转 移到膨胀头元件的膨胀胶管 20 内 (参见图 3 )。 液体介质的压力扩大弹性室容积, 借 助膨胀胶管 20的变形,向裂石器壳体的接合元件和支撑嵌入物传输定向作用力使石料 定向开裂。
图 4是膨胀头元件的整体结构示意图。 如图 4并结合图 1所示, 本发明提供一种 用于开采石料的膨胀头元件, 包括两端通过丝堵 7、 24固定的膨胀胶管 20, 膨胀胶管 20的外部设有衬套壳体 19, 所述的衬套壳体 19为两半壳结构; 两端的丝堵 7、 24分 别与上封盖 2和下封盖 23固定,衬套壳体 19的两端与上封盖 2和下封盖 23弹性连接; 所述的膨胀胶管 20和衬套壳体 19之间还设有衬套滑块 18 ; 膨胀胶管 20的上、 下两 端设有弹性密封件 10。膨胀头元件 102的长径比是 4: 1至 25 : 1, 优选的长径比是 4: 1至 8 : 1。 弹性密封件 10和衬套滑块 18之间设有套头盖 9, 该套头盖 9端面内圆的 边缘倒角形成斜面, 所述的斜面与弹性密封件 10的端面形状对应设置。套头盖 9是一 异型法兰, 其端面内圆的边缘倒角尺寸是 lmm-2.5mm。
结合图 4所示, 具体来说, 膨胀头元件的工作过程是这样的:
预先组装好的膨胀头元件 102 (裂石器), 通过曲线型控制装置 16和调节螺丝 17 对该膨胀头元件 102的给定行程进行调节。 此后, 将工作介质入口 12与工作介质源, 艮卩: 手动液压泵 101接通, 将该膨胀头元件 102放置在预先在石料上钻好的孔眼内。 通过外接头 5提供的工作介质, BP : 液体介质 202使膨胀胶管 20扩张, 膨胀胶管 20 的扩张力直接作用在衬套壳体 19和衬套滑块 18上,最终透过衬套壳体 19对外传输定 向力。 受工作介质影响而扩大的膨胀胶管 20依靠与弹性密封件 10侧壁相互间的锐角 作用来保障密封垫片和环形腔的平基座紧密贴合, 保障丝堵 7接头锥形端内管状弹性 室端头的可靠固定。在工作周期中膨胀头元件的衬套壳体 19接合元件靠支撑衬套滑块 18端头中的凸出物来保障其无偏斜的均匀位移, 它在工作周期中将沿套头盖的异型法 兰上的沟槽径向往复移动。曲线型控制装置 16用于控制膨胀胶管 20内壁的扩张位移, 引起朝向膨胀头元件中心部分的曲线型控制装置 16的预加应力推杆的移动。当曲线型 控制装置 16达到预先给定的位移量时, 位于工作介质限位器内的球形体 15受弹簧 14 作用发生位移覆盖工作介质入口 12, 阻止工作介质进入膨胀胶管 20 的内腔。 在工作 周期中放入孔眼中的膨胀头元件使受力体被定向力作用而形成裂纹时, 工作介质的压 力减至零, 此时受设置在膨胀胶管 20和衬套壳体 19内壁之间的预加应力弹簧片的作 用, 膨胀头元件的所有可移动部分, 以及衬套壳体 19接合元件连接的膨胀胶管 20的 弹力均回复到初始状态。 膨胀头元件的附加调节可用调节工具进行。 为此要打开接头 以便释放工作介质,将调节工具对准曲线型控制装置 16尾孔中调节螺丝 17进行调节, 调整结果要达到: 在衬套壳体 19中将衬套滑块 18移动到需要的距离, 即膨胀头元件 设计的最大扩张裂缝距离。膨胀头元件在衬套壳体 19对外结合部产生巨大的扩张作用 力,可有效地使膨胀头元件所在孔眼周围坚硬物体造成定向的开裂。 膨胀头元件 102的长径比, δΡ, 长度与直径或长度与横截面最大尺寸之比为 4: 1 至 25 : 1, 优选为 4: 1至 8 : 1。 如图 4所示, 所述的长度是指膨胀头元件 102从顶端 的外接头 5到末端的尾帽 21的整体长度。所述的直径或者横截面是指位于膨胀头元件 102最外部的衬套壳体 19的外径或者横截面。
图 5是图 4中套头盖的剖面图, 图 6是图 5中 A部的局部放大图。 如图 5并结合 图 6所示, 该套头盖 9是一异型法兰, 其端面内圆的边缘倒角, 该倒角的尺寸是 R1 = lmm-2.5mm。 由于套头盖 9端面内圆的边缘倒了角, 该倒角在其端面与弹性密封件 10的接触面处形成一斜面, 有利于膨胀胶管 20在工作介质作用下膨胀, 带动衬套滑 块 18、 衬套壳体 19的运动, 且降低了对膨胀胶管 20的剪切力, 从而可以延长膨胀胶 管 20的使用寿命。
采用本发明的定向开采石料方法和装置与现有技术的裂石技术相比, 大大简化了 操作步骤, 提高了生产效率, 降低了劳动强度, 符合环保要求, 无噪音、 无尘、 安全、 易操作、 易养护, 能耗低, 节省能源。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种定向开采石料的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括如下步骤:
采用薄壁钻机在石料上钻孔, 在钻好的孔眼内, 放置膨胀头元件 (102);
将工作介质源与膨胀头元件 (102) 的工作介质入口 (12) 接通, 对工作介质施加 压力扩大膨胀头元件 (102) 内膨胀胶管 (20) 的容积, 借助膨胀胶管 (20) 的变形向 衬套滑块 (18) 和衬套壳体 (19) 传输定向作用力, 该定向力均匀有效地作用在放置 膨胀头元件 (102) 的孔眼的孔壁上, 使石料定向开裂;
当石料中形成裂纹时, 工作介质的压力减至零, 膨胀头元件(102) 回复到初始状 态;
所述的膨胀头元件 (102) 是柱形体, 其长径比是 4: 1至 25: 1。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的定向开采石料的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的膨胀头元件 的长径比是 4: 1至 8: 1。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的定向开采石料的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的膨胀头元件 并联和 /或串联之后, 放置在钻好的孔眼内。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的定向开采石料的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的薄 壁钻机的钻头直径为 Φ20-Φ100。
5、一种如权利要求 1-4任一项中所述的定向开采石料的方法所使用的膨胀头元件, 包括两端通过丝堵 (7、 24) 固定的膨胀胶管 (20), 膨胀胶管 (20) 的外部设有衬套 壳体 (19), 所述的衬套壳体 (19) 为两半壳结构; 两端的丝堵 (7、 24) 分别与上封 盖 (2) 和下封盖 (23) 固定, 衬套壳体 (19) 的两端与上封盖 (2) 和下封盖 (23) 弹性连接; 所述的膨胀胶管 (20) 和衬套壳体 (19) 之间还设有衬套滑块 (18); 膨胀 胶管(20)的上、下两端设有弹性密封件(10); 其特征在于, 所述的膨胀头元件(102) 的长径比是 4: 1至 25: 1。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的膨胀头元件, 其特征在于, 所述的膨胀头元件的长径比 是 4: 1至 8: 1。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6任一项所述的膨胀头元件, 其特征在于, 所述的弹性密封 件 (10) 和衬套滑块 (18) 之间设有套头盖 (9), 所述的套头盖 (9) 端面内圆的边缘 倒角形成斜面, 所述的斜面与弹性密封件 (10) 的端面形状对应设置。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的膨胀头元件, 其特征在于, 所述的套头盖 (9) 是一异 型法兰, 其端面内圆的边缘倒角尺寸是 lmm-2.5mm。
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