WO2010086251A1 - Aroylamino - and heteroaroylamino-substituted piperidines as glyt-1 inhibitors - Google Patents

Aroylamino - and heteroaroylamino-substituted piperidines as glyt-1 inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010086251A1
WO2010086251A1 PCT/EP2010/050551 EP2010050551W WO2010086251A1 WO 2010086251 A1 WO2010086251 A1 WO 2010086251A1 EP 2010050551 W EP2010050551 W EP 2010050551W WO 2010086251 A1 WO2010086251 A1 WO 2010086251A1
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phenyl
trifluoromethyl
piperidin
methyl
benzamide
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PCT/EP2010/050551
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French (fr)
Inventor
Sabine Kolczewski
Emmanuel Pinard
Henri Stalder
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F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
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Priority to JP2011546772A priority Critical patent/JP5552494B2/en
Priority to EP10700563.9A priority patent/EP2391603B1/en
Priority to KR1020117019722A priority patent/KR101289577B1/en
Priority to NZ593279A priority patent/NZ593279A/en
Priority to SG2011053360A priority patent/SG173116A1/en
Priority to CA2746967A priority patent/CA2746967A1/en
Priority to CN201080005279.2A priority patent/CN102292320B/en
Priority to ES10700563.9T priority patent/ES2445143T3/en
Application filed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag filed Critical F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
Priority to MA33992A priority patent/MA32947B1/en
Priority to UAA201110177A priority patent/UA104611C2/en
Priority to AU2010209816A priority patent/AU2010209816A1/en
Priority to BRPI1007410A priority patent/BRPI1007410A2/en
Priority to RU2011134960/04A priority patent/RU2517701C2/en
Priority to MX2011007272A priority patent/MX2011007272A/en
Publication of WO2010086251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010086251A1/en
Priority to ZA2011/04237A priority patent/ZA201104237B/en
Priority to IL213672A priority patent/IL213672A0/en

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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
    • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D407/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/451—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a carbocyclic group directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. glutethimide, meperidine, loperamide, phencyclidine, piminodine
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compound of general formula I
  • R 1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, CD 3 , -(CH 2 ) n -CHO, -(CH 2 ) n -O-lower alkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -OH, -(CH 2 ) n -cycloalkyl or is heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, di-lower alkyl, -OCH 2 -O-lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; or the piperidin ring form together with R 2 a spiro ring, selected from 4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl;
  • Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, which are optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents, selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, S-lower alkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or by phenyl optionally substituted by R', and R' is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, or is heteroaryl; R is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or two R'; n is 0, 1 2 or 3; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula I and
  • the compounds of general formula I are good inhibitors of the glycine transporter 1 (GIyT-I), and that they have a good selectivity to glycine transporter 2 (GlyT-2) inhibitors.
  • transgenic mice expressing reduced levels of the NMDARl subunit displays behavioral abnormalities similar to those observed in pharmacologically induced models of schizophrenia, supporting a model in which reduced NMDA receptor activity results in schizophrenia-like behavior (Mohn AR et al., 1999, Cell, 98: 427-236).
  • Glutamate neurotransmission, in particular NMDA receptor activity plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, such as the NMDA receptors appears to serve as a graded switch for gating the threshold of synaptic plasticity and memory formation (Hebb DO, 1949, The organization of behavior, Wiley, NY; Bliss TV and Collingridge GL, 1993, Nature, 361 : 31-39).
  • Transgenic mice overexpressing the NMDA NR2B subunit exhibit enhanced synaptic plasticity and superior ability in learning and memory (Tang JP et al., 1999, Nature: 401- 63-69).
  • the amino acid glycine is known to have at least two important functions in the CNS. It acts as an inhibitory amino acid, binding to strychnine sensitive glycine receptors, and it also influences excitatory activity, acting as an essential co-agonist with glutamate for N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. While glutamate is released in an activity-dependent manner from synaptic terminals, glycine is apparently present at a more constant level and seems to modulate/control the receptor for its response to glutamate.
  • One of the most effective ways to control synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitter is to influence their re-uptake at the synapses.
  • Neurotransmitter transporters by removing neurotransmitters from the extracellular space, can control their extracellular lifetime and thereby modulate the magnitude of the synaptic transmission (Gainetdinov RR et al, 2002, Trends in Pharm. Sci., 23(8): 367-373) .
  • Glycine transporters which form part of the sodium and chloride family of neurotransmitter transporters, play an important role in the termination of post-synaptic glycinergic actions and maintenance of low extracellular glycine concentration by re-uptake of glycine into presynaptic nerve terminals and surrounding fine glial processes.
  • GlyT-I and GlyT-2 Two distinct glycine transporter genes have been cloned (GIyT-I and GlyT-2) from mammalian brain, which give rise to two transporters with -50 % amino acid sequence homology.
  • GIyT-I presents four iso forms arising from alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage (Ia, Ib, Ic and Id). Only two of these isoforms have been found in rodent brain (GIyT-Ia and GIyT-Ib).
  • GlyT-2 also presents some degree of heterogeneity.
  • Two GlyT-2 isoforms (2a and 2b) have been identified in rodent brains.
  • GIyT-I is known to be located in CNS and in peripheral tissues, whereas GlyT-2 is specific to the CNS.
  • GIyT-I has a predominantly glial distribution and is found not only in areas corresponding to strychnine sensitive glycine receptors but also outside these areas, where it has been postulated to be involved in modulation of NMDA receptor function (Lopez-Corcuera B et al., 2001, MoI. Mem. Biol., 18: 13-20).
  • one strategy to enhance NMDA receptor activity is to elevate the glycine concentration in the local micro environment of synaptic NMDA receptors by inhibition of GIyT- 1 transporter (Bergereon R. Et al., 1998, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 15730-15734; Chen L et al., 2003, J. Neurophysiol, 89 (2): 691-703).
  • Glycine transporters inhibitors are suitable for the treatment of neuroligical and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • the majority of diseases states implicated are psychoses, schizophrenia (Armer RE and Miller DJ, 2001, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 11 (4): 563-572), psychotic mood disorders such as severe major depressive disorder, mood disorders associated with psychotic disorders such as acute mania or depression associated with bipolar disorders and mood disorders associated with schizophrenia, (Pralong ET et al., 2002, Prog. Neurobiol., 67: 173-202), autistic disorders (Carlsson ML, 1998, J. Neural Transm.
  • cognitive disorders such as dementias, including age related dementia and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, memory disorders in a mammal, including a human, attention deficit disorders and pain (Armer RE and Miller DJ, 2001, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 11 (4): 563-572).
  • NMDA receptors via GIyT-I inhibition may lead to agents that treat psychosis, schizophrenia, dementia and other diseases in which cognitive processes are impaired, such as attention deficit disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
  • Objects of the present invention are the compounds of formula I per se, the use of compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of diseases related to activation of NMDA receptors via Glyt-1 inhibition, their manufacture, medicaments based on a compound in accordance with the invention and their production as well as the use of compounds of formula I in the control or prevention of illnesses such as psychoses, dysfunction in memory and learning, schizophrenia, dementia and other diseases in which cognitive processes are impaired, such as attention deficit disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
  • the preferred indications using the compounds of the present invention are schizophrenia, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
  • the invention includes all racemic mixtures, all their corresponding enantiomers and/or optical isomers.
  • lower alkyl denotes a saturated straight- or branched-chain group containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, i-butyl, 2-butyl, t-butyl and the like.
  • Preferred alkyl groups are groups with 1 - 4 carbon atoms.
  • lower alkoxy denotes a lower alkyl group as defined above, which is linked with an O atom.
  • cycloalkyl denotes a saturated or partially saturated ring containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl or cycloheptenyl.
  • Preferred cycloalkyl rings are cyclopropyl and cyclopentyl.
  • heterocycloalkyl denotes a saturated or partially saturated ring containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S or O, for example piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxetanyl, morpholinyl piperidinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl.
  • halogen denotes chlorine, iodine, fluorine and bromine.
  • aryl denotes a monovalent cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical consisting of one or more fused rings in which at least one ring is aromatic in nature, for example phenyl or naphthyl.
  • lower alkyl substituted by halogen denotes a lower alkyl group as defined above, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom, for example the following groups: CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 CH 2 F, CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 Cl, CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 CHFCF 3 , C(CH 3 ) 2 CF 3 , CH(CH 3 )CF 3 or CH(CH 2 F)CH 2 F.
  • lower alkoxy substituted by halogen denotes an alkoxy group, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by halogen as defined above.
  • heteroaryl denotes a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical consisting of one or more fused rings containing 5-14 ring atoms, preferably containing 5-10 ring atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic in nature, and which contains at least one heteroatom, selected from N, O or S, for example quinoxalinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl and benzo[l,3]dioxole.
  • Preferred heteroaryl group is pyridinyl.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts embraces salts with inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methane- sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 1 is lower alkyl and Ar and R are phenyl.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 1 is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl and Ar and R are phenyl, for example rac-N-(l-cyclopentyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(l-cyclopropylmethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide or rac-2-methoxy-N-[3-phenyl-l-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-yl]-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 1 is lower alkyl, Ar is phenyl and R is heteroaryl, for example rac-N-(5-fiuoro-r-methyl-l',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-2 ⁇ -[2,3']bipyridinyl-3'-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 1 is hydrogen and Ar and R are phenyl, for example. rac-2-cyclopropyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 2 is hydroxy, for example rac-N-(5 -hydroxy- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 2 is halogen, for example rac-N-(5-fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
  • Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R 1 is CD3, for example the following compound
  • present compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by methods known in the art, for example, by processes described below, which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula
  • HATU o-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • thionyl chloride o-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • R 4 and R 5 are lower alkyl or form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, and
  • the compounds of formula I may be prepared in accordance with process variant a) or b) or c) and with the following schemes 1- 12.
  • the starting material is commercially available or may be prepared in accordance with known methods.
  • Piperidine derivatives of formula II can be prepared by reacting piperidine derivatives of formula II with acid of formula III in the presence of an activating agent like HATU (o-(7-azabenzotriazol- l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) or thionyl chloride.
  • Piperidine derivatives of formula II can be prepared by reacting piperidone derivative VI with an organometallic reagent like a Grignard to provide alcohol VII followed by a treatment with sodium azide in the presence of an acid like TFA to provide azide derivative VIII which is transformed into II in the presence of a reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R 2 is hydrogen can be prepared from nitro-piperidone derivatives XII after reduction of the nitro group with reducing agent like Raney Nickel under an atmosphere of hydrogen or like Zinc in the presence of acid like hydrochloride acid to provide amino-piperidone derivatives XIII which can be reduced to II in the presence of reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride.
  • Nitro-piperidone derivatives XII can be prepared from nitro derivatives XI according to an intramolecular Mannich type reaction performed in the presence of an amine: R 1 NH 2 and an aldehyde like formaldehyde.
  • XI can be prepared by
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is an alkyl group can be prepared from acid XVI after a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of a reagent like DPPA
  • Acid XVI can be prepared from ester XIV after treatment with a base like lithium diisopropylamide and an alkylating agent R-X to provide intermediate ester XV which is then saponified to XVI in the presence of base like lithium hydroxide.
  • R 4 and R 5 are lower alkyl or form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group.
  • compounds of general formula I can be prepared by reaction of piperidine derivative IV with either an alkylating agent R 1 X in the presence of base like N- ethyldiisopropylamine or with a carbonyl reagent V in the presence of a reducing agent like sodium cyanoboro hydride.
  • Piperidine derivative IV can be prepared after reduction of azide VIII with reagent like sodium boro hydride to provide amine derivative XIX which can be then coupled with acid III in the presence of an activating agent like HATU or thionyl chloride to yield amide derivative XX which is then transformed into IV after cleavage of the N-protective group.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R 2 is fluorine can be prepared from fluorinated nitro piperidone XXI after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride.
  • XXI can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic fluorinating agent like N-fluorobenzenesulphonimide.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is alkyl can be prepared from alkylated nitro piperidone XXIII after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride.
  • XXIII can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic alkylating agent like R 2 X where X is an halogen.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains two geminal alkyl group R 2 can be prepared from bis-alkylated nitro piperidone XXV after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride.
  • XXV can be prepared by reaction of mono-alkylated nitro piperidine XXIII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine in the presence of TMEDA (tetramethylethylenediamine) followed by treatment with an electrophilic alkylating agent like R 2 X where X is an halogen.
  • XXVIII can be prepared from XXVII by reaction with a base like sodium hydride and an electrophilic alkylating agent like R 6 X where X is an halogen.
  • XXVII can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic hydro xylating agent like (oxodiperoxy(pyridine) ( 1 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4,5 ,6-tetrahydro-2( 1 H)-pyrimidone)molybdenum(IV)) or bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide.
  • an electrophilic hydro xylating agent like (oxodiperoxy(pyridine) ( 1 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4,5 ,6-tetrahydro-2( 1 H)-pyrimidone)molybdenum(IV)) or bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is an heteroaryl group like pyridine can be prepared from nitro piperidine thione XXX after two consecutive reductions, with first: using agent like sodium borohydride and second: using agent like Raney Nickel.
  • XXX can be prepared from nitro piperidinone XXII by reaction with Lawesson's reagent.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains two geminal methyl groups can be prepared from Boc-protected amino piperidinone XXXII after reaction with methylmagnesium bromide and Zirconium (IV) chloride followed by cleavage of the Boc group under acidic condition.
  • XXXII can be prepared after reaction of amino piperidone XIII with di- tert-butyl dicarbonate.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains a cyclopropyl unit can be prepared from Boc-protected amino piperidinone XXXII after reaction with ethyl magnesium bromide and titanium isopropoxide followed by cleavage of the Boc group under acidic condition.
  • piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R 2 is an alkyl group can be prepared from nitro derivative XXXIX following an intramolecular Mannich reaction performed in the presence of an aldehyde like formaldehyde to provide nitro piperidine XXXX which is then treated with a reducing agent like Raney Nickel.
  • XXXIX can be obtained by deprotection of Boc-protected nitro derivative XXXVIII which can be prepared by reaction of nitro derivative XXXI with halogenated compound XXXVII in the presence of a base like n-butyl lithium.
  • XXXVII can be obtained after protection and halogenation of amino alcohol XXXV.
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compound I can be separated using chiral HPLC.
  • the acid addition salts of the basic compounds of formula I may be converted to the corresponding free bases by treatment with at least a stoichiometric equivalent of a suitable base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia, and the like.
  • a suitable base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia, and the like.
  • step 1 rac-S-Hvdroxy-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 2 rac-S-Azido-S-phenyl-prperidine-l-carboxyric acid benzyl ester
  • step 3 rac-l-Methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1-3 the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-fluoro-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 209.2 (M+H + ).
  • step 1-3 the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-chloro-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 225.3 (M+H + ).
  • step 1-3 the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-methyl-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 205.3 (M+H + ).
  • step 1 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-prperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 2 rac-2-Methyl-3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 3 rac-l,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-4-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
  • step 2 rac-5-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 rac-3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-4-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
  • the mixture was stirred vigorously for 1 minute at room temperature and the flask was placed in a preheated oil bath at 50 0 C and stirred at this temperature overnight.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and a saturated NH 4 Cl solution and ethyl acetate were added.
  • Aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate and combined organic phases were washed with brine, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 20 %) to provide 897 mg (90 %) of the title compound as a orange oil.
  • step 2 rac-3-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 2 rac-3-Fluoro-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 3 rac-5-Amino-3-fluoro-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 rac-5-Fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-3-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 2 rac-3-Methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 3 rac-5-Amino-3-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 rac-S-Methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-4-Cyclohexyl-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
  • step 2 rac-5-Cvclohexyl-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one
  • step 3 rac-5-Amino-5-cvclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 rac- 3-Cyclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl-amine
  • step 1 4-Nitromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran
  • step 2 rac-l-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 2 rac-l-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-3-Isocyanato-3-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 2 rac-S-Amino-S-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 3 rac-l,3-Dimethyl-piperidin-3-ylamine dihydro chloride
  • step 1 rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-[3,4']bipyridinyl-6-one
  • step 2 rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahvdro-lH-r3,4'lbipyridinyl-6-thione
  • step 3 rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-[3,4']bipyridinyl
  • step 4 rac-l-Methyl-1.4.5.6-tetrahvdro-2H-[3.4'lbipyridinyl-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahvdro-lH-[3,3']bipyridinyl-6-one
  • step 2 rac- l-Methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-ylamine
  • step 1 (3SR,5RS)-3-Methoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 2 (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-3-methoxy-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-3-Methoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2- one.
  • step 3 (3RS,5SR)-5-Methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 2 (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-13-dimethyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-l,3-Dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 202.2 (M-NH 2 ) c) step 3: (3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-l,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 205.3 (M+H).
  • step 1 l,3,3-Trimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 2 rac-l,5,5-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 2-3 the title compound was prepared from l,3,3-Trimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one.
  • step 1 5-Amino-l-methyl-5-phenyl-prperidin-2-one
  • step 3 (l-Methyl- ⁇ -oxo-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-yD-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 3 (l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 4 rac-l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l-methyl-3-nitro-piperidine
  • step 1-3 the title compound was prepared from l-Bromo-3-nitromethyl-benzene (CAS:854634-33-6). MS(m/e): 300.3 (M+H).
  • step 2 rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 3 the title compound was prepared from rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-3-nitro-piperidine . MS(nVe): 269.2 (M+H).
  • step 1 rac-4-Nitro-4-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester
  • step 1 the title compound was prepared from Nitromethyl-benzene (CAS: 622-42-4).
  • step 2 rac-5-Nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 3 rac-5-Amino-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from rac-5-Nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 191.4 (M+H).
  • step 4 rac-3-Phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from rac-5-Amino-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 177.7 (M+H). e) step 5: rac-2-(3-Amino-3-phenyl-piperidin-l-yl)-2-methyl-propionitrile
  • step 6 rac-l-tert-Butyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
  • step 1 rac-(4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-smror2.51oct-6-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 2 rac-4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-ylamine hydrochloride
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from rac-(4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. MS(m/e): 217.4 (M+H).
  • step 1 2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 2 2-Cvclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 1 2-Ethyl-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
  • step 1 2-Difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 2 2-Difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
  • step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 254.9 (M-H)
  • step 1 2-Pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 2 2-Pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
  • step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 258.0 (M-H).
  • step 1 2-Iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 1 the title compound was prepared from 2-iodo-4-trifiuoromethyl-benzoic acid (CAS: 54507-44-7).
  • step 2 2-Cvclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
  • step 3 2-Cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
  • step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 271.2 (M-H)
  • step 3 2-Methoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
  • step 1 2-(2-Methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
  • step 2 2-(2-Methoxy-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
  • step 3 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
  • step 4 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,4,4-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-3- ium iodide
  • stepl O-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-propyD-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step2 O-Bromo-l-methyl-propyD-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step3 Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
  • step 4 the title compound was prepared from Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. MS(m/e): 223.3 (M+H).
  • step7 N-(1 ,6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
  • step 1 rac-S-Amino-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 2 rac- 3-(2-Methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoylamino)-3-phenyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 3 rac-2-Methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
  • Example 50 rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride a) step 1 : rac-3-(2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoylamino)-3 -phenyl- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
  • step 2 rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride
  • step 2 rac-N-(5-Hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
  • the examples 56-57 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC followed by formation of the hydrochloride salt with HCl/Methanol:
  • the examples 61-62 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC:
  • step 1 rac-2-Methoxy-N-(l-methyl-5-oxo-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
  • step 2 N-((3RS.5RS)-5-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6 methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
  • the examples 106-128 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC:
  • the compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically usable addition salts possess valuable pharmacological properties. Specifically, it has been found that the compounds of the present invention are good inhibitors of the glycine transporter I (GIyT-I). The compounds were investigated in accordance with the test given hereinafter.
  • DMEM complete medium Nutrient mixture F-12 (Gibco Life-technologies), fetal bovine serum (FBS) 5 %, (Gibco life technologies), Penicillin/Streptomycin 1 % (Gibco life technologies), Hygromycin 0.6 mg/ml (Gibco life technologies), Glutamine 1 mM Gibco life technologies)
  • Flp-inTM-CHO Invitrogen Cat n° R758-07)cells stably transfected with mGlyT 1 b cDNA.
  • Glycine uptake inhibition assay mG IyT- Ib
  • mammalian cells (Flp-inTM-CHO), transfected with mGlyT- Ib cDNA , were plated at the density of 40,000 cells/well in complete F-12 medium, without hygromycin in 96-well culture plates.
  • the medium was aspirated and the cells were washed twice with uptake buffer (UB).
  • the cells were then incubated for 20 min at 22 0 C with either (i) no potential competitor, (ii) 10 mM non-radioactive glycine , (iii) a concentration of a potential inhibitor.
  • a range of concentrations of the potential inhibitor was used to generate data for calculating the concentration of inhibitor resulting in 50 % of the effect (e.g.
  • the compounds of formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula I can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations can be administered orally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
  • the administration can, however, also be effected rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories, parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions.
  • the compounds of formula I can be processed with pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers for the production of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acids or its salts and the like can be used, for example, as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules.
  • Suitable carriers for soft gelatine capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like. Depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are however usually required in the case of soft gelatine capsules.
  • Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oil and the like.
  • Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations can, moreover, contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
  • Medicaments containing a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a therapeutically inert carrier are also an object of the present invention, as is a process for their production, which comprises bringing one or more compounds of formula I and/or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and, if desired, one or more other therapeutically valuable substances into a galenical administration form together with one or more therapeutically inert carriers.
  • the most preferred indications in accordance with the present invention are those, which include disorders of the central nervous system, for example the treatment or prevention of schizophrenia, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
  • the dosage can vary within wide limits and will, of course, have to be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case.
  • the dosage for adults can vary from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg per day of a compound of general formula I or of the corresponding amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the daily dosage may be administered as single dose or in divided doses and, in addition, the upper limit can also be exceeded when this is found to be indicated.
  • Tablet Formulation (Wet Granulation) Item Ingredients mg/tablet

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, CD3, -(CH2)n-CHO, -(CH2)n-O-lower alkyl, -(CH2)n-OH, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl or is heterocycloalkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, di-lower alkyl, -OCH2-O-lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; or the piperidin ring form together with R2 a spiro ring, selected from 4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl; Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, which are optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents, selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, S-lower alkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or by phenyl optionally substituted by R', and R' is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, or is heteroaryl; R is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or two R'; n is 0, 1 2 or 3; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula I and to their use in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Description

AROYLAMINO- AND HETEROAROYLAMINO-SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINES AS GLYT-I INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to a compound of general formula I
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein
R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, CD3, -(CH2)n-CHO, -(CH2)n-O-lower alkyl, -(CH2)n-OH, -(CH2)n-cycloalkyl or is heterocycloalkyl;
R2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, di-lower alkyl, -OCH2-O-lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; or the piperidin ring form together with R2 a spiro ring, selected from 4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl;
Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, which are optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents, selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, S-lower alkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or by phenyl optionally substituted by R', and R' is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, or is heteroaryl; R is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or two R'; n is 0, 1 2 or 3; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula I and to their use in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
It has surprisingly been found that the compounds of general formula I are good inhibitors of the glycine transporter 1 (GIyT-I), and that they have a good selectivity to glycine transporter 2 (GlyT-2) inhibitors.
Schizophrenia is a progressive and devastating neurological disease characterized by
Pop /22.10.2009 episodic positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders and psychosis and persistent negative symptoms such as flattened affect, impaired attention and social withdrawal, and cognitive impairments (Lewis DA and Lieberman JA, Neuron, 2000, 28:325-33). For decades research has focused on the "dopaminergic hyperactivity" hypothesis which has led to therapeutic interventions involving blockade of the dopaminergic system (Vandenberg RJ and Aubrey KR., Exp. Opin. Ther. Targets, 2001, 5(4): 507-518; Nakazato A and Okuyama S, et al, 2000, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 10(1): 75-98). This pharmacological approach poorly address negative and cognitive symptoms which are the best predictors of functional outcome (Sharma T., BrJ. Psychiatry, 1999, 174(suppl. 28): 44-51). A complementary model of schizophrenia was proposed in the mid- 1960 ' based upon the psychotomimetic action caused by the blockade of the glutamate system by compounds like phencyclidine (PCP) and related agents (ketamine) which are non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. Interestingly in healthy volunteers, PCP-induced psychotomimetic action incorporates positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction, thus closely resembling schizophrenia in patients (Javitt DC et al., 1999, Biol. Psychiatry, 45: 668-679 and refs. herein). Furthermore transgenic mice expressing reduced levels of the NMDARl subunit displays behavioral abnormalities similar to those observed in pharmacologically induced models of schizophrenia, supporting a model in which reduced NMDA receptor activity results in schizophrenia-like behavior (Mohn AR et al., 1999, Cell, 98: 427-236). Glutamate neurotransmission, in particular NMDA receptor activity, plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, such as the NMDA receptors appears to serve as a graded switch for gating the threshold of synaptic plasticity and memory formation (Hebb DO, 1949, The organization of behavior, Wiley, NY; Bliss TV and Collingridge GL, 1993, Nature, 361 : 31-39). Transgenic mice overexpressing the NMDA NR2B subunit exhibit enhanced synaptic plasticity and superior ability in learning and memory (Tang JP et al., 1999, Nature: 401- 63-69).
Thus, if a glutamate deficit is implicate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, enhancing glutamate transmission, in particular via NMDA receptor activation, would be predicted to produce both anti-psychotic and cognitive enhancing effects. The amino acid glycine is known to have at least two important functions in the CNS. It acts as an inhibitory amino acid, binding to strychnine sensitive glycine receptors, and it also influences excitatory activity, acting as an essential co-agonist with glutamate for N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. While glutamate is released in an activity-dependent manner from synaptic terminals, glycine is apparently present at a more constant level and seems to modulate/control the receptor for its response to glutamate.
One of the most effective ways to control synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitter is to influence their re-uptake at the synapses. Neurotransmitter transporters by removing neurotransmitters from the extracellular space, can control their extracellular lifetime and thereby modulate the magnitude of the synaptic transmission (Gainetdinov RR et al, 2002, Trends in Pharm. Sci., 23(8): 367-373) .
Glycine transporters, which form part of the sodium and chloride family of neurotransmitter transporters, play an important role in the termination of post-synaptic glycinergic actions and maintenance of low extracellular glycine concentration by re-uptake of glycine into presynaptic nerve terminals and surrounding fine glial processes.
Two distinct glycine transporter genes have been cloned (GIyT-I and GlyT-2) from mammalian brain, which give rise to two transporters with -50 % amino acid sequence homology. GIyT-I presents four iso forms arising from alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage (Ia, Ib, Ic and Id). Only two of these isoforms have been found in rodent brain (GIyT-Ia and GIyT-Ib). GlyT-2 also presents some degree of heterogeneity. Two GlyT-2 isoforms (2a and 2b) have been identified in rodent brains. GIyT-I is known to be located in CNS and in peripheral tissues, whereas GlyT-2 is specific to the CNS. GIyT-I has a predominantly glial distribution and is found not only in areas corresponding to strychnine sensitive glycine receptors but also outside these areas, where it has been postulated to be involved in modulation of NMDA receptor function (Lopez-Corcuera B et al., 2001, MoI. Mem. Biol., 18: 13-20). Thus, one strategy to enhance NMDA receptor activity is to elevate the glycine concentration in the local micro environment of synaptic NMDA receptors by inhibition of GIyT- 1 transporter (Bergereon R. Et al., 1998, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 15730-15734; Chen L et al., 2003, J. Neurophysiol, 89 (2): 691-703).
Glycine transporters inhibitors are suitable for the treatment of neuroligical and neuropsychiatric disorders. The majority of diseases states implicated are psychoses, schizophrenia (Armer RE and Miller DJ, 2001, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 11 (4): 563-572), psychotic mood disorders such as severe major depressive disorder, mood disorders associated with psychotic disorders such as acute mania or depression associated with bipolar disorders and mood disorders associated with schizophrenia, (Pralong ET et al., 2002, Prog. Neurobiol., 67: 173-202), autistic disorders (Carlsson ML, 1998, J. Neural Transm. 105: 525-535), cognitive disorders such as dementias, including age related dementia and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, memory disorders in a mammal, including a human, attention deficit disorders and pain (Armer RE and Miller DJ, 2001, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 11 (4): 563-572).
Thus, increasing activation of NMDA receptors via GIyT-I inhibition may lead to agents that treat psychosis, schizophrenia, dementia and other diseases in which cognitive processes are impaired, such as attention deficit disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
Objects of the present invention are the compounds of formula I per se, the use of compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of diseases related to activation of NMDA receptors via Glyt-1 inhibition, their manufacture, medicaments based on a compound in accordance with the invention and their production as well as the use of compounds of formula I in the control or prevention of illnesses such as psychoses, dysfunction in memory and learning, schizophrenia, dementia and other diseases in which cognitive processes are impaired, such as attention deficit disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
The preferred indications using the compounds of the present invention are schizophrenia, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Furthermore, the invention includes all racemic mixtures, all their corresponding enantiomers and/or optical isomers.
As used herein, the term "lower alkyl" denotes a saturated straight- or branched-chain group containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, i-butyl, 2-butyl, t-butyl and the like. Preferred alkyl groups are groups with 1 - 4 carbon atoms.
As used herein, the term "lower alkoxy" denotes a lower alkyl group as defined above, which is linked with an O atom.
The term "cycloalkyl" denotes a saturated or partially saturated ring containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl or cycloheptenyl. Preferred cycloalkyl rings are cyclopropyl and cyclopentyl.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" denotes a saturated or partially saturated ring containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S or O, for example piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxetanyl, morpholinyl piperidinyl, or tetrahydropyranyl.
The term "halogen" denotes chlorine, iodine, fluorine and bromine. The term "aryl" denotes a monovalent cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical consisting of one or more fused rings in which at least one ring is aromatic in nature, for example phenyl or naphthyl.
The term "lower alkyl substituted by halogen" denotes a lower alkyl group as defined above, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom, for example the following groups: CF3, CHF2, CH2F, CH2CF3, CH2CHF2, CH2CH2F, CH2CH2CF3, CH2CH2CH2CF3, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CF2CF3, CH2CF2CHF2, CF2CHFCF3, C(CH3)2CF3, CH(CH3)CF3 or CH(CH2F)CH2F.
The term "lower alkoxy substituted by halogen" denotes an alkoxy group, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by halogen as defined above.
The term "heteroaryl" denotes a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical consisting of one or more fused rings containing 5-14 ring atoms, preferably containing 5-10 ring atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic in nature, and which contains at least one heteroatom, selected from N, O or S, for example quinoxalinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl and benzo[l,3]dioxole. Preferred heteroaryl group is pyridinyl.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts" embraces salts with inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, methane- sulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R1 is lower alkyl and Ar and R are phenyl.
Especially preferred are compounds, wherein the phenyl group for Ar is substituted by at least two CF3 groups, for example the following compounds: rac-2-fluoro-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-metho xy-N-(l -methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide or
2-methoxy-N-((R)-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide. Further preferred are compounds, wherein the phenyl group for Ar is substituted by at least one CF3 group, for example the following compounds: rac-2-ethyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-bromo-6-metho xy-N-(l -methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-( 1 ,2-dimethyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-l -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide 2-methoxy-N-((S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((R)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-difluoromethoxy-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(3-chloro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-metho xy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N- [3 -(4-methoxy-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(5-fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(l-isopropyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((R)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-cyclobutyl-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(2-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(2,5 -difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-isopropyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-Ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride
2-methoxy-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-ethyl-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2, 6-dimetho xy-N-(l -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-cyclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,6,6-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)- benzamide
N-((3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(3-bromo-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-metho xy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N- [ 1 -methyl-3 -(3 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperidin-3 -yl] -A- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N- [3 -(3 -methoxy-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(3-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 -chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 ,4-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l-methyl-3-m-tolyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 ,5 -difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)- benzamide rac-2-ethyl-3 -methyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-( 1 -tert-butyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N-(4-methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((3S,5R) or (3R,5S)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide N-[(R or S)-3-(2-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-metho xy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-[(R or S)-3-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-metho xy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide 2-ethyl-N-((R or S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-((S or R)- 1 ,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-
3-yl)-benzamide
N-((3S,6S) or (3R,6R)-l,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,6R)or (3S,6S)- 1 ,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,6S) or (3S,6R)- 1 ,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide N-((3S,5R) or (3R,5S)-l,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-l,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-ethyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-ethyl-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or
2, 6-Dimetho xy-N-(R or (S)-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R1 is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl and Ar and R are phenyl, for example rac-N-(l-cyclopentyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(l-cyclopropylmethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide or rac-2-methoxy-N-[3-phenyl-l-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-yl]-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R1 is lower alkyl, Ar is phenyl and R is heteroaryl, for example rac-N-(5-fiuoro-r-methyl-l',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-2Η-[2,3']bipyridinyl-3'-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R1 is hydrogen and Ar and R are phenyl, for example. rac-2-cyclopropyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R2 is hydroxy, for example rac-N-(5 -hydroxy- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R2 is halogen, for example rac-N-(5-fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
Preferred compounds of formula I are those, wherein R1 is CD3, for example the following compound
[2H-methyl] -2-methoxy-N-(R) or (S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide hydrochloride.
The present compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by methods known in the art, for example, by processes described below, which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000011_0001
with a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0001
|
in the presence of an activating agent such as HATU (o-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) or thionyl chloride to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0002
wherein the substituents are as defined above, or b) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0003
with a compound of formula
R1X
in the presence of base like N-ethyldiisopropylamine to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0004
wherein X is halogen and the other substituents are as defined above, or c) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0005
with a carbonyl reagent of formula R -C(O)-R , in the presence of a reducing agent like sodium cyanoboro hydride to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000012_0006
wherein the substituents are as defined above, R4 and R5 are lower alkyl or form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, and
if desired, converting the compounds obtained into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. The compounds of formula I may be prepared in accordance with process variant a) or b) or c) and with the following schemes 1- 12. The starting material is commercially available or may be prepared in accordance with known methods.
Scheme 1
Figure imgf000013_0001
VII I
X: Halogen
P: protective group like Boc, Cbz Reducing
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0004
Figure imgf000013_0003
Compounds of general formula I can be prepared by reacting piperidine derivatives of formula II with acid of formula III in the presence of an activating agent like HATU (o-(7-azabenzotriazol- l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) or thionyl chloride. Piperidine derivatives of formula II can be prepared by reacting piperidone derivative VI with an organometallic reagent like a Grignard to provide alcohol VII followed by a treatment with sodium azide in the presence of an acid like TFA to provide azide derivative VIII which is transformed into II in the presence of a reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride. Scheme 2
Figure imgf000014_0001
XII
Figure imgf000014_0002
Reducing agent
Figure imgf000014_0003
XIII
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R2 is hydrogen can be prepared from nitro-piperidone derivatives XII after reduction of the nitro group with reducing agent like Raney Nickel under an atmosphere of hydrogen or like Zinc in the presence of acid like hydrochloride acid to provide amino-piperidone derivatives XIII which can be reduced to II in the presence of reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride. Nitro-piperidone derivatives XII can be prepared from nitro derivatives XI according to an intramolecular Mannich type reaction performed in the presence of an amine: R1NH2 and an aldehyde like formaldehyde. XI can be prepared by
Michael addition of nitro -methyl- aryl derivatives IX onto methyl acrylate in the presence of base like Amberlyst A21 or Triton B or by reacting aryl halide derivatives X with methyl 4- nitrobutyrate in the presence of Palladium catalyst like Pd2dba3, ligand like 2-(di-t- butylphosphino)-2"-methybiphenyl and base like cesium carbonate as described by Buchwald et al. in J. Org. Chem. 2002, 106. Scheme 3
Figure imgf000015_0001
P: protective group like: Boc X: Halogen
Figure imgf000015_0002
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is an alkyl group can be prepared from acid XVI after a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of a reagent like DPPA
(diphenylphosphoryl azide) to provide isocyanate XVII which is then hydro lyzed in presence of base like sodium hydroxide to lead to protected piperidine XVIII that is reduced in II in a presence of a reducing agent like lithium aluminiumhydride. Acid XVI can be prepared from ester XIV after treatment with a base like lithium diisopropylamide and an alkylating agent R-X to provide intermediate ester XV which is then saponified to XVI in the presence of base like lithium hydroxide. Scheme 4
XX
Figure imgf000016_0001
P: protective group like Cbz deprotection X: halogen
Figure imgf000016_0002
The substituents are as described above, R4 and R5 are lower alkyl or form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group.
Aternatively, compounds of general formula I can be prepared by reaction of piperidine derivative IV with either an alkylating agent R1X in the presence of base like N- ethyldiisopropylamine or with a carbonyl reagent V in the presence of a reducing agent like sodium cyanoboro hydride. Piperidine derivative IV can be prepared after reduction of azide VIII with reagent like sodium boro hydride to provide amine derivative XIX which can be then coupled with acid III in the presence of an activating agent like HATU or thionyl chloride to yield amide derivative XX which is then transformed into IV after cleavage of the N-protective group. Scheme 5
Figure imgf000017_0001
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R2 is fluorine can be prepared from fluorinated nitro piperidone XXI after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride. XXI can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic fluorinating agent like N-fluorobenzenesulphonimide.
Scheme 6
Reducing agent
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0002
XII XXIII
Figure imgf000018_0003
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is alkyl can be prepared from alkylated nitro piperidone XXIII after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride. XXIII can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic alkylating agent like R2X where X is an halogen.
Scheme 7
Figure imgf000019_0001
Reducing agent
Figure imgf000019_0002
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains two geminal alkyl group R2 can be prepared from bis-alkylated nitro piperidone XXV after two consecutive reductions with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride. XXV can be prepared by reaction of mono-alkylated nitro piperidine XXIII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine in the presence of TMEDA (tetramethylethylenediamine) followed by treatment with an electrophilic alkylating agent like R2X where X is an halogen.
Scheme 8
Figure imgf000020_0001
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R2 is an hydro xyl (R6 = H) or an alkoxy group (R6 = Alkyl) can be prepared from hydroxy nitro piperidone XXVII or alkoxy nitro piperidone XXVIII after two consecutive reductions, with first: using agent like Raney Nickel and second: using agent like lithium aluminiumhydride. XXVIII can be prepared from XXVII by reaction with a base like sodium hydride and an electrophilic alkylating agent like R6X where X is an halogen. XXVII can be prepared by reaction of nitro piperidine XII with a base like lithium diisopropylamine followed by treatment with an electrophilic hydro xylating agent like (oxodiperoxy(pyridine) ( 1 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4,5 ,6-tetrahydro-2( 1 H)-pyrimidone)molybdenum(IV)) or bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide.
Scheme 9
Reducing agent
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002
XII XXX XXXI
Figure imgf000021_0003
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R is an heteroaryl group like pyridine can be prepared from nitro piperidine thione XXX after two consecutive reductions, with first: using agent like sodium borohydride and second: using agent like Raney Nickel. XXX can be prepared from nitro piperidinone XXII by reaction with Lawesson's reagent.
Scheme 10
Reductive alkylation
Figure imgf000021_0005
Figure imgf000021_0004
XXXIII
XIII XXXII
Deprotection
Figure imgf000021_0006
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains two geminal methyl groups can be prepared from Boc-protected amino piperidinone XXXII after reaction with methylmagnesium bromide and Zirconium (IV) chloride followed by cleavage of the Boc group under acidic condition. XXXII can be prepared after reaction of amino piperidone XIII with di- tert-butyl dicarbonate.
Scheme 11
Deprotection
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0002
XXXIV
XXXII
Figure imgf000022_0003
I Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II which contains a cyclopropyl unit can be prepared from Boc-protected amino piperidinone XXXII after reaction with ethyl magnesium bromide and titanium isopropoxide followed by cleavage of the Boc group under acidic condition.
Scheme 12
Figure imgf000023_0001
R
Alkylation <
NO.
XXXXI
Formaldehyde Deprotection
Figure imgf000023_0002
Figure imgf000023_0003
Figure imgf000023_0004
XXXX XXXIX XXXVIII
R
Figure imgf000023_0005
I
Alternatively, piperidine derivatives of formula II in which R2 is an alkyl group can be prepared from nitro derivative XXXIX following an intramolecular Mannich reaction performed in the presence of an aldehyde like formaldehyde to provide nitro piperidine XXXX which is then treated with a reducing agent like Raney Nickel. XXXIX can be obtained by deprotection of Boc-protected nitro derivative XXXVIII which can be prepared by reaction of nitro derivative XXXXI with halogenated compound XXXVII in the presence of a base like n-butyl lithium. XXXVII can be obtained after protection and halogenation of amino alcohol XXXV.
Racemic mixtures of chiral compound I can be separated using chiral HPLC.
The acid addition salts of the basic compounds of formula I may be converted to the corresponding free bases by treatment with at least a stoichiometric equivalent of a suitable base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia, and the like. Experimental part:
Abbreviations
HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate DMF Dimethylformamide DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide THF Tetrahydrofuran
TMEDA Tetramethylethylenediamine
Preparation of intermediates Example A.1
Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
Figure imgf000024_0001
a) step 1 : rac-S-Hvdroxy-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000024_0002
To a solution of 9 ml (9 mmol) phenylmagnesium bromide (IM solution in THF) in THF (13 ml) was added a solution of 1.5 g (6.00 mmol) 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) in THF (5 ml) at room temperature over a period of 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then quenched under ice bath cooling with a 20 % ammonium chloride solution (4 ml). The organic layer was decanted and the residue was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 50 %) to provide 0.55 g (30 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 312.0 (M+H+)
a) step 2: rac-S-Azido-S-phenyl-prperidine-l-carboxyric acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000025_0001
1.0 g (3.212 mmol) S-Hydroxy-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester was dissolved in a cold mixture (10 0C) of trifluoro acetic acid (12.3 ml) and water (2.0 ml). The solution was cooled to 0 0C and 1.46 g (22.48 mmol) sodium azide were added portionwise. The temperature rose to 10 0C. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and basified by dropwise addition of a 25 % ammonium hydroxide solution (13.0 ml) maintaining the temperature below 20 0C. The mixture was diluted with water (45 ml) and extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed once with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a light yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
a) step 3: rac-l-Methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
To a suspension of 126 mg (3.15 mmol) LiAlH4 in THF (2.7 ml) at temperature below 10 0C was added dropwise a solution of 530 mg (1.576 mmol) rac-3-azido-3-phenyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester in THF (5.3 ml). The ice bath was removed. The temperature rose to 35 0C. The mixture was then heated in a 65 0C oil bath for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to 0 0C. Water (125 ul), NaOH 5N (125 ul) and finally water (0.375 ml) were added dropwise maintaining the temperature below 10 0C. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. Sodium sulfate was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 0.14 g (47 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(nVe): 191.5 (M+H+)
Example A.2 Preparation of rac-3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000025_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.1 (step 1-3), the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-fluoro-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 209.2 (M+H+).
Example A.3 Preparation of rac-3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000026_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.1 (step 1-3), the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-chloro-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 225.3 (M+H+).
Example A.4 Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-3-p-tolyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000026_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.1 (step 1-3), the title compound was prepared from 3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (commercial) and 4-methyl-phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 205.3 (M+H+).
Example A.5 Preparation of rac-l,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000026_0003
a) step 1 : 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-prperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000027_0001
To a solution of 1.4 g (9.232 mmol) 2-methyl-piperidin-3-ol (CAS: 4766-56-7) in 9.8 ml dichloromethane under argon at room temperature, was added 2.57 ml (18.46 mmol) triethylamine. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and then cooled to 0 0C. 1.37 ml (9.232 mmol) benzyl chloroformate was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and the stirring was continued overnight. The mixture was extracted three times with water and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 30) to provide 800 mg (34.8 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 272.4 (M+Na+)
b) step 2: rac-2-Methyl-3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000027_0002
To a stirred solution of 309.5 ul (3.530 mmol) oxalyl chloride in 3 ml dichloromethane at -50 0C to -60 0C was added a solution of 873 ul DMSO in 2 ml dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, after which a solution of 800 mg (3.209 mmol) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester in 3 ml dichloromethane was added over a period of 10 minutes. Stirring was continued for an additional 30 minutes. To this, was subsequently added 2.24 ml (16.05 mmol) triethylamine. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature, taken in water, separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 40) to provide 600 mg (76 %) of the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS(nVe): 270.2 (M+Na+).
c) step 3: rac-l,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.1 (step 1-3), the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methyl-3-oxo-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and phenylmagnesium bromide. MS(m/e): 205.2 (M+H+). Example A.6 Preparation of rac-3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000028_0001
a) step 1 : rac-4-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000028_0002
To a solution of Ig (5.828 mmol) l-chloro-3-nitromethyl-benzene (CAS: 38362-91-3) at 0 0C in
2ml dioxane was added 0.512 g (5.828 mmol) methyl acrylate followed by 3.3 g Amberlyst A-21. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, filtered and the filtrate was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 10 %) to provide 980 mg (65 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil.
b) step 2: rac-5-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000028_0003
To a stirred room temperature solution of 164 ul (1.940 mmol) methylamine (41 % in water) in 1 ml dioxane was added 141 ul (1.940 mmol) formaldehyde (37 % in water) dropwise (exothermic reaction). The mixture was stirred for 5 min and then a solution of 0.5 g (1.940 mmol) rac-4-(3- chloro-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester in 1.5 ml dioxane was added at once. The mixture was stirred at 65 0C for 6 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate and a saturated NaCl solution were added. Aqueous phase was extracted 2 times with ethyl acetate. Combined organic phases were washed with a saturated NaCl solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 395 mg (76 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 269.2 (MH+). c) step 3: rac-5-Amino-5-(3-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000029_0001
To a solution of 115mg (0.428 mmol) 5-(3-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one in 0.5ml dioxane was added 2 ml 3NHC1 and 280 mg (4.28 mmol) zinc dust. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was basified with a 5N NaOH solution. Ethyl acetate was added. The mixture was filtered through a pad of dicalite. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 88 mg (86 %) of the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS(m/e): 239.0 (MH+)
d) step 4: rac-3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
To a slurry of 20 mg (0.494 mmol) LiAlH4 in 0.5ml THF was added dropwise a solution of 59 mg (0.247 mmol) rac-5-amino-5-(3-chloro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-2-one in 0.6 ml THF at room temperature. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched carefully with 20 ul water, 20 ul 5N NaOH and finally 60ul water. Ethyl acetate was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide 48 mg (86 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 225.2 (MH+).
Example A.7
Preparation of rac-3-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000029_0002
a) step 1 : rac-4-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000029_0003
As described by Buchwald et al. (J. Org. Chem. 2002, 106): in a flask was added successively: 187 mg (0.198 mmol) Pd2dba3, 247 mg (0.791 mmol) 2-(Di-t-butylphosphino)-2'- methybiphenyl, and 1.555 g (4.747 mmol) cesium carbonate. The mixture was put under argon and 740 mg (3.956 mmol) 4-bromoanisole, 15 ml of DME and finally 600 mg (3.956 mmol) of methyl 4-nitrobutyrate were successively added. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 1 minute at room temperature and the flask was placed in a preheated oil bath at 50 0C and stirred at this temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and a saturated NH4Cl solution and ethyl acetate were added. Aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate and combined organic phases were washed with brine, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with flash column chromatography on silica gel (Eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 20 %) to provide 897 mg (90 %) of the title compound as a orange oil.
b) step 2: rac-3-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 2-4), the title compound was prepared from rac-4-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 221.2 (MH+).
Example A.8 Preparation of rac-5-Fluoro-ll-methyl-ll,4l,5l,6l-tetrahydro-2H-[2,3l]bipyridinyl-3l- ylamine
Figure imgf000030_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.7 (steps: 1-2), the title compound was prepared from methyl 4-nitrobutyrate and 2-bromo-5-fluoropyridine. MS (m/e): 210.2 (MH+).
Example A.9 Preparation of rac-5-Fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000031_0001
a) step 1 : rac-l-Methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000031_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-2), the title compound was prepared from nitromethyl-benzene (CAS: 622-42-4). MS (m/e): 235.2 (MH+).
b) step 2: rac-3-Fluoro-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000031_0003
To a solution of 78.4 ul (0.555 mmol) diisopropylamine in 2 ml THF were added 347 ul (0.555 mmol) of a 1.6M n-BuLi solution in hexane at -5 0C. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 0C and then cooled to -70 0C. A solution of 100 mg (0.427 mmol) rac-l-methyl-5-nitro-5- phenyl-piperidin-2-one in ImI THF was added dropwise. The brown solution was stirred at -70 0C for 45 minutes. A solution of 180 mg (0.555 mmol) N-fluorobenzenesulphonimide in 1 ml THF was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -70 0C for 1.5 hour, quenched with 2 ml of a 20 % NH4Cl solution and allowed to warm to room temperature. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 58 mg (54 %) of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS(m/e): 253.2 (M+H).
c) step 3: rac-5-Amino-3-fluoro-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000032_0001
To a solution of 55 mg (0.218 mmol) rac-3-fluoro-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one in 1.5ml THF at 0 0C was added 100 ul Raney Nickel (50 % in water). The mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at 0 0C for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered and the catalyst was washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide 48 mg (99 %) of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS(nVe): 223.3 (M+H).
d) step 4: rac-5-Fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 4), the title compound was prepared from rac-5-amino-3-fluoro-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 192.3 (M-NH2).
Example A.10 Preparation of rac-S-Methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
Figure imgf000032_0002
a) step 1 : rac-3-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000032_0003
To a solution of 118 ul (0.833mmol) diisopropylamine in 3 ml THF were added 520 ul (0.833 mmol) of a 1.6M n-BuLi solution in hexane at -5 0C. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 0C and then cooled to -70 0C. A solution of 150 mg (0.641 mmol) rac-l-methyl-5-nitro-5- phenyl-piperidin-2-one (example A.9, step 1) in 1.5 ml THF was added dropwise. The brown solution was stirred at -70 0C for 45 minutes. 517 mg (1.282 mmol) (oxodiperoxy(pyridine) (1,3- dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidone)molybdenum(IV)) were added portionwise at -70 0C. The mixture was stirred at -70 0C for 1 hour and then allowed to warm to 00C. After 1 hour at 0 0C, the mixture was quenched with 2.5 ml of a saturated solution of sodium sulfite. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 82 mg (51 %) of the title compound as a light brown oil. MS(nVe): 251.1 (MH+).
b) step 2: rac-3-Methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000033_0001
To a solution of 50mg (0.2 mmol) rac-3-hydroxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one and 52 ul (0.3 mmol) N-ethyl diisopropylamine in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane were added 23 ul (0.3 mmol) chloromethyl methyl ether at room temperature. After 1 hour, the solution was heated in a 60 0C oil bath for 20 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature. 52 ul (0.3 mmol) N-ethyl diisopropylamine and 23 ul (0.3 mmol) chloromethyl methyl ether were added. The mixture was heated in a 60 0C oil bath for 4 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken in ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed once with water. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 30 mg (51 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(nVe): 295.2 (MH+).
c) step 3: rac-5-Amino-3-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000033_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.9 (steps: 3), the title compound was prepared from rac-S-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-S-nitro-S-phenyl-piperidin-l- one. MS(nVe): 265.1 (MH+).
d) step 4: rac-S-Methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 4), the title compound was prepared from rac-S-amino-S-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-l- one. MS(nVe): 251.2 (MH+).
Example A.11
Preparation of rac-S-Cyclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
Figure imgf000034_0001
a) step 1 : rac-4-Cyclohexyl-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000034_0002
To a solution of 3.18 g (22.2 mmol) nitromethyl-cyclohexane (CAS: 2625-30-1) in 1 ml tert- butanol and 0.12 ml 35 % benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in methanol warmed to 40 0C were added 1.99 ml (22.2 mmol) methyl acrylate. The yellow mixture was stirred at 40 0C for 2 hours then diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The title compound was obtained in as slightly yellow oil: MS (EI): 198 (M'+-Me0), 183 (M'+-N02), 151 (M- (MeO+NO2+H))'+ (100%).
b) step 2: rac-5-Cvclohexyl-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000034_0003
To 4.25 g (18.5 mmol) rac-4-cyclohexyl-4-nitro-butyric acid methyl ester were added 4.56 ml (32.5 mmol) l,3,5-trimethylhexahydro-l,3,5-triazine and the mixture heated to 100 0C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and adsorbed on silica gel which was transferred on top of a silica gel column and purified by flash-chromatography with a gradient of heptane and 10 to 75 % ethyl acetate: 2.55 g of title compound were isolated as colourless oil: MS(m/e): 240 (MH+).
c) step 3: rac-5-Amino-5-cvclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000035_0001
To a solution of 500 mg (2.08 mmol) rac-5-cyclohexyl-l-methyl-5-nitro-piperidin-2-one in 5 ml methanol were added 500 mg wet Raney Nickel and the mixture stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at normal pressure and ambient temperature for 22 hours. Then the reaction mixture was filtered through a Dicalite pad, the precipitate washed with methanol and the filtrate evaporated: 452 mg title compound were obtained as colourless oil which was used without purification for the next step.
d) step 4: rac- 3-Cyclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl-amine
To 2.06 ml of a 2.5M lithium aluminium hydride solution in tetrahydrofuran cooled to 0 0C was added dropwise a solution of 452 mg (2.15 mmol) rac-S-amino-S-cyclohexyl-l-methyl- piperidin-2-one in 6 ml tetrahydrofuran. Then the solution was heated to 65 0C for 1 hour. The turbid reaction solution was cooled with an ice bath and below 12 0C were added drop-wise 0.13 ml water, 0.32 ml 2N NaOH and further 0.19 ml water. The suspension was diluted with tert- butyl methyl ether, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated: 368 mg title compound were obtained as colourless oil which was used without purification for the next step.
Example A.12
Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000035_0002
a) step 1 : 4-Nitromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran
Figure imgf000036_0001
To a stirred suspension of 1.81 g (11.8 mmol) silver nitrite in 6 ml acetonitrile in a reaction flask enwrapped with aluminum foil, cooled to 00C was added drop-wise within 5 min 1.60 g (8.93 mmol) 4-bromomethyl-tetrahydro-pyran. Stirring was then continued at ambient temperature for 93 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed thoroughly with diethyl ether. The filtrate was mixed with silica gel and evaporated. The residue was transferred onto a silica gel column and purified by flash-chromatography on silica gel (eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 9:1). The title compound (441 mg) was obtained as colorless oil.
b) step 2: rac-l-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-ylamine In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.11 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 4-nitromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran.
Example A.13 Preparation of rac-l,3-Dimethyl-piperidin-3-ylamine dihydrochloride
Figure imgf000036_0002
a) step 1 : rac-3-Isocyanato-3-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000036_0003
To a suspension of 727 mg (3.0 mmol) rac-3-methyl-piperidine-l,3-dicarboxylic acid 1 -tert- butyl ester (CAS: 534602-47-6) in 8 ml toluene was added at ambient temperature 0.42 ml (3.0 mmol) triethylamine. To the resulting solution was added under stirring 0.72 ml (3.3 mmol) diphenylphosphoryl azide and the mixture heated to 90 0C (gas evolution) for 90 min. The reaction mixture was poured onto iced water and extracted 3 times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The title compound was obtained as slightly yellow oil which was used without purification in the next step. MS(nVe): 240 (M).
b) step 2: rac-S-Amino-S-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000037_0001
To a solution of 812 mg (3.38 mmol) rac-3-isocyanato-3-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in 17 ml THF were added 16.9 ml 2N NaOH and the emulsion stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for 20 h. The emulsion was diluted with tert-butyl methyl ether and extracted three times. The combined extracts were washed with brine to neutral pH, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with a gradient of heptane and 10 to 100 % ethyl acetate then with ethyl acetate/MeOH provided the title compound: 232 mg colourless oil which crystallized at ambient temperature MS(m/e): 215.2 (M+H).
c) step 3: rac-l,3-Dimethyl-piperidin-3-ylamine dihydro chloride
To 3.15 ml IM lithium aluminium hydride in THF was added at 5-10 0C drop-wise a solution of 225 mg (1.05 mmol) rac-S-amino-S-methyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in 4 ml dry THF. The reaction mixture was heated to 65 0C for Ih. The turbid reaction solution was cooled with an ice bath and below 12 0C, were added drop-wise 0.13 ml water, 0.32 ml 2N NaOH and further 0.19 ml water. The suspension was diluted with tert-butyl methyl ether, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and acidified with 2N HCl in diethyl ether. Evaporation provided 210 mg of the title compound as a colourless semisolid. MS(m/e): 129.3 (M+H).
Example A.14 Preparation of rac-3-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000037_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 2,4-difluoro-l-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.15 Preparation of rac-3-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000038_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-fluoro-2-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.16 Preparation of rac-3-(2,5-Difluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000038_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l,4-Difluoro-2-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.17 Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000038_0003
a) step 1 : rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-[3,4']bipyridinyl-6-one
Figure imgf000038_0004
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-2), the title compound was prepared from 4-nitromethyl-pyridine (CAS: 22918-06-5).
b) step 2: rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahvdro-lH-r3,4'lbipyridinyl-6-thione
Figure imgf000039_0001
To a solution of 125 mg (0.531 mmol) rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- [3,4']bipyridinyl-6-one in 2.5 ml toluene were added 240 mg (0.584 mmol) Lawesson reagent. The suspension was heated in a 800C oil bath for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 105 mg (79 %) of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS(nVe): 252.1 (M+H).
c) step 3: rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-[3,4']bipyridinyl
Figure imgf000039_0002
To a solution of 105 mg (0.418mmol) rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- [3,4']bipyridinyl-6-thione in 2.1 ml methanol was added 144 mg (3.8 mmol) NaBH4. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. Water (1.0 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The methanol was removed in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 53 mg (57 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(nVe): 222.3 (M+H). d) step 4: rac-l-Methyl-1.4.5.6-tetrahvdro-2H-[3.4'lbipyridinyl-3-ylamine
To a 00C cooled solution of 52 mg (0.235 mmol) rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl in 2.0 ml THF were added 150 ul of Raney Nickel (50% in water). The mixture was stirred at 00C under a hydrogen atmosphere for 7 hours. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide 45 mg (88 %) of the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS(nVe): 192.4 (M+H).
Example A.18 Preparation of rac- l-Methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000040_0001
a) step 1 : rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahvdro-lH-[3,3']bipyridinyl-6-one
Figure imgf000040_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.7 (steps: 1-2), the title compound was prepared from 3-nitromethyl-pyridine (CAS: 69966-29-6).
b) step 2: rac- l-Methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17 (steps: 2-4), the title compound was prepared from rac-l-Methyl-3-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-[3,3']bipyridinyl-6- one
Example A.19
Preparation of (3RS,5SR)-5-Methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000040_0003
a) step 1 : (3SR,5RS)-3-Methoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000041_0001
A solution of 1.15 g (4.595 mmol) rac-S-Hydroxy-l-methyl-S-nitro-S-phenyl-piperidin-l-one (example A.10, step 1) in 11.5 ml DMF was cooled to 00C. 220 mg (5.514 mmol) NaH (60% in oil) was added. The temperature rose to 3°C. The mixture was stirred at 00C for 15 minutes. 430 ul (6.893 mmol) iodomethane was added and the mixture was stirred at 00C for 30 minutes. 6.5 ml water was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken in ethyl acetate. The solution was washed twice with water. The washings were reextracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 500 mg (42 %) of the title compound as a light brown solid. MS(nVe): 265.1 (M+H). b) step 2: (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-3-methoxy-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000041_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17 (steps: 4), the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-3-Methoxy-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2- one. c) step 3: (3RS,5SR)-5-Methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 4), the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-3-methoxy-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2- one
Example A.20 Preparation of (3RS,5SR)-l,5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000042_0001
a) step 1 : (3SR,5RS)-13-Dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000042_0002
To a solution of 1.6ml (11. lmmol) diisopropylamine in 40ml THF were added 7ml (11. lmmol) of a 1.6M n-Buli solution in hexane at -5°C. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 00C and then cooled to -700C. A solution of 2 g (8.538 mmol) rac-l-methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2- one (example A9, stepl) in 20 ml THF was added dropwise. The brown solution was stirred at - 700C for 45 minutes. 639ul (10.25mmol) methyliodide in THF (8ml) were added dropwise at - 700C. The mixture was stirred at -700C for 1 hour and then allowed to warm to 00C. After 30 minutes at 00C, the mixture was quenched with 30 ml of a 20% NH4Cl solution. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 1.72g (81 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(m/e): 249.2 (M+H)
b) step 2: (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-13-dimethyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000042_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17, step 4, the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-l,3-Dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 202.2 (M-NH2) c) step 3: (3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6, step 4, the title compound was prepared from (3SR,5RS)-5-Amino-l,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 205.3 (M+H).
Example A.21 Preparation of rac-l,5,5-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000043_0001
a) step 1 : l,3,3-Trimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000043_0002
To a solution of 170.7 ul (1.208 mmol) diisopropylamine in 4ml THF were added 755 ul (1.208mmol) of a 1.6M n-Buli solution in hexane at -5°C. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 00C and then cooled to -700C. Then 300ul HMPA was added. A solution of 200 mg (0.805mmol) (3SR,5RS)-l,3-dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one (example A.20, step a) in 2 ml THF was added dropwise. The brown solution was stirred at -700C for 45 minutes. 15 IuI (2.415 mmol) methyliodide in THF (ImI) were added dropwise at -700C. The mixture was stirred at -700C for 1 hour and then allowed to warm to 00C. After 1 hour at 00C, the mixture was quenched with 7 ml of a 20% NH4Cl solution. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 131 mg (62 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(nVe): 263.2 (M+H).
b) step 2: rac-l,5,5-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.20, step 2-3, the title compound was prepared from l,3,3-Trimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 219.4 (M+H).
Example A.22 Preparation of rac-l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000044_0001
a) step 1 : 5-Amino-l-methyl-5-phenyl-prperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000044_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6, step 3, the title compound was prepared from l-Methyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one (example A.9, stepl). MS(m/e): 205.2 (M+H). b) step 2: (l-Methyl-ό-oxo-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-yD-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000044_0003
To a solution of 1.5 g (7.35 mmol) 5-Amino-l-methyl-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one in 30 ml THF under nitrogen at room temperature, were added 2.1 ml (14.7 mmol) triethylamine. A solution of 3.24 g (14.7 mmol) di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in 15 ml THF was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred in a 55°C oil bath for 7 hours and then at room temperature overnight.
100 ml water was added. The mixture was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 1.21 g (54%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(m/e): 305.3 (M+H). c) step 3: (l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000045_0001
A solution of 61 mg (0.2 mmol) (l-Methyl-6-oxo-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester in 2 ml THF was cooled to -200C. 48 mg (0.2 mmol) Zirconium (IV) chloride were added at once. The temperature rose to -12°C. The mixture was stirred at -100C for 30 minutes. 400 ul (1.2 mmol) of a 3M methylmagnesium bromide solution in ether was added dropwise maintaining the temperature below -100C. After 10 minutes the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 2 hours the mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched with 2 ml of a saturated NH4Cl solution. Ethyl acetate and water were added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 50 mg (80%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(m/e): 319.3 (M+H).
d) step 4: rac-l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
To a solution of 50 mg (0.157 mmol) (l,6,6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester in 0.3 ml dioxane was added 0.39 ml (1.57 mmol) of a 4M HCl solution in dioxane at room temperature. After 30 minutes 0.3 ml methanol was added to dissolve the product. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate and then basified with a 2M sodium carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 22 mg (64%) of the title compound as a brown oil. MS(nVe): 219.4 (M+H). Example A.23
Preparation of rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000045_0002
a) step 1 : rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l-methyl-3-nitro-piperidine
Figure imgf000046_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17, step 1-3, the title compound was prepared from l-Bromo-3-nitromethyl-benzene (CAS:854634-33-6). MS(m/e): 300.3 (M+H). b) step 2: rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000046_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6, step 3, the title compound was prepared from rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-3-nitro-piperidine . MS(nVe): 269.2 (M+H).
Example A.24 Preparation of rac-3-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000046_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 2-chloro-4-fluoro-l-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.25 Preparation of rac-3-(5-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000046_0004
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 4-Chloro-l-fluoro-2-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.26 Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000047_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Nitromethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzene.
Example A.27 Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-3-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000047_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Nitromethyl-3-trifluoromethoxy-benzene.
Example A.28 Preparation of rac-3-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000047_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Methoxy-3-nitromethyl-benzene. Example A.29 Preparation of rac-3-(3-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000048_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Difluoromethoxy-3-nitromethyl-benzene
Example A.30 Preparation of rac-3-(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000048_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Fluoro-3-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.31 Preparation of rac-3-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000048_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 2-Chloro-l-fluoro-4-nitromethyl-benzene. Example A.32
Preparation of rac-3-(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000049_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l,2-Difluoro-4-nitromethyl-benzene. Example A.33
Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-S-m-tolyl-piperidin-S-ylamine
Figure imgf000049_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Methyl-3-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.34 Preparation of rac-3-(4-Fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000049_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.35 Preparation of rac-3-(3,5-Difluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000050_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from l,3-Difluoro-5-nitromethyl-benzene.
Example A.36 Preparation of rac-l-Methyl-3-(3-thiazol-2-yl-phenyl)-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000050_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6 (steps: 1-4), the title compound was prepared from 2-(3-Nitromethyl-phenyl)-thiazole.
Example A.37 Preparation of rac-l-tert-Butyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000050_0003
a) step 1 : rac-4-Nitro-4-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000050_0004
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6, step 1, the title compound was prepared from Nitromethyl-benzene (CAS: 622-42-4).
b) step 2: rac-5-Nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000051_0001
To a stirred solution of 2.11 g (26.88 mmol) ammonium acetate in 15 ml ethanol under nitrogen at room temperature, was added 980 ul (13.44 mmol) formaldehyde (37% in water), followed by a solution of 3 g (13.44 mmol) rac-4-Nitro-4-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester in 7.5 ml ethanol. The mixture was refluxed for 26 hours then cooled to room temperature and the solvent was evaporated . Water was added. The resulting suspension was stirred for 15 minutes, filtered, rinsed with water, then with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to provide 2.49 g (y: 84.1 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 221.2 (M+H).
c) step 3: rac-5-Amino-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one
Figure imgf000051_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17, step 4, the title compound was prepared from rac-5-Nitro-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 191.4 (M+H).
d) step 4: rac-3-Phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000051_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.6, step 4, the title compound was prepared from rac-5-Amino-5-phenyl-piperidin-2-one. MS(m/e): 177.7 (M+H). e) step 5: rac-2-(3-Amino-3-phenyl-piperidin-l-yl)-2-methyl-propionitrile
Figure imgf000052_0001
To a solution of 300 mg (1.701 mmol) rac-3-Phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine in 1.3 ml acetic acid, was added dropwise 188 ul (2.553 mmol) acetone. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. 320 ul (2.553 mmol) trimethylsilyl cyanide was added dropwise. The temperature rose to 31°C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and cooled to 00C. NaOH 2N was added dropwise to basify the mixture. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 315 mg (76.1%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS(m/e): 244.4 (M+H).
f) step 6: rac-l-tert-Butyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
To a solution of 100 mg (0.411 mmol) rac-2-(3-Amino-3-phenyl-piperidin-l-yl)-2-methyl- propionitrile in 2.0 ml tetrahydrofuran over mol-sieve at 00C under nitrogen, was added dropwise 1.4 ul (4.11 mmol) of a 3M methylmagnesium bromide solution in diethyl ether. The mixture was stirred at 00C for 10 minutes, and then at 600C for 30 hours. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched with a saturated ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 60 mg (63%) of the title compound as a yellow gum. MS(m/e): 233.2 (M+H).
Example A.38 Preparation of rac-4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-ylamine hydrochloride
Figure imgf000052_0002
a) step 1 : rac-(4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-smror2.51oct-6-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000053_0001
A solution of 333 ul (1.0 mmol) of a 3M ethyl magnesium bromide solution in ether in 4 ml THF was cooled to -700C. A solution of 124 ul (0.42 mmol) titanium isopropoxide in 0.4 ml THF was added drop wise. The light brown mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. A solution of 122 mg (0.4 mmol) rac-(l-Methyl-6-oxo-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid ter!-butyl ester (example A.22, step2) in 2.4 ml THF was added drop wise. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched with a 20% ammonium chloride solution. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The white suspension was filtered through a pad of dicalite. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 14 mg (11 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 317.2 (M+H). b) step 2: rac-4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-ylamine hydrochloride In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.22, step 4, the title compound was prepared from rac-(4-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. MS(m/e): 217.4 (M+H).
Example B.I Preparation of 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000053_0002
To -75 0C cooled THF (70ml) was added dropwise 36 ml (50.0 mmol) of a 1.4 M sec-BuLi solution in cyclohexane within 5 minutes keeping the temperature below -70 0C. 7.5 ml (50.0 mmol) TMEDA were added dropwise at temperature below -70 0C within 5 minutes. A solution of 5.O g (22.71 mmol) 2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (commercial) in THF (25 ml) was added dropwise at over a period of 20 minutes. The dark green solution was stirred at -75 0C for 2 hours. A solution of 29.6 g (90.84 mmol) 1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane in THF (30ml) was added dropwise. The off-white suspension was stirred at -75 0C for 1 hour and then allowed to warm to room temperature. The yellow solution was quenched by dropwise addition of 60ml water under ice bath cooling. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (70 ml) and water (30 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml), acidified with HCl 25 % and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 ml). The extracts were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was stirred in heptane, filtered and dried. The solid was recristallized from heptane (7 ml) and ethyl acetate (2 ml) to provide 815 mg (12 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 298.9 (M-H).
Example B.2 Preparation of 2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000054_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.I, the title compound was prepared from 2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (commercial) and dimethyldisulfide.
Example B.3 Preparation of 2-Cyclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000054_0002
a) step 1 : 2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000054_0003
To a solution of 2 g (7.434 mmol) 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (CAS: 328-89-2) in 20 ml DMF under nitrogen at room temperature, was added 1.13 g (8.177 mmol) potassium carbonate and 557 ul (8.921 mmol) methyl iodide. The mixture was stirred overnight under nitrogen. The mixture was poured into water (300 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 ml). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 10 %) to provide 1.75 g (83 %) of the title compound as an orange oil.
b) step 2: 2-Cvclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000055_0001
To a solution of 400 mg (1.413 mmol) 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester , 146 mg (1.696 mmol) cyclopropyl boronic acid, 1.21g (4.946 mmol) tri-potassium phosphate monohydrate, 40.9 mg (0.141 mmol) tricyclohexyl phosphine in 6 ml toluene and 0.3 ml water under nitrogen at room temperature, was added 15.9 mg (0.0707 mmol) palladium acetate. The mixture was stirred in a 100 0C oil bath for 4 hours and overnight at room temperature under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled to room temperature. Water was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed once with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 10 %) to provide 0.24 g (71 %) of the title compound as a yellow oil.
c) step 3: 2-Cvclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000055_0002
To a suspension of 485 mg (1.986 mmol) 2-cyclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester in 8 ml ethanol at room temperature, was added 1.99 ml (3.972 mmol) 2N NaOH. The mixture was heated in a 80 0C oil bath for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled to room temperature and the ethanol was evaporated. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 2N HCl to pH 2 and dichloromethane was added. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 0.197g (27 %) of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS(nVe): 229.0 (M-H) Example B.4 Preparation of S-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyH-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000056_0001
A mixture of 300 mg (0.949 mmol) 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (CAS: 54507-44-7), 239 mg (1.898 mmol) phenylboronic acid, 302 mg (2.847 mmol) sodium carbonate and 10.7 mg (0.0475 mmol) palladium acetate in 4.5 ml water was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was acidified with 37 % HCl. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The solid was filtered, washed with water and dried to provide 225 mg (89 %) of the title compound as a brown solid. MS(nVe): 264.9 (M+H+)
Example B.5 Preparation of 2-Isopropoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000056_0002
To a solution of 500 mg (2.271 mmol) 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (CAS: 345-28-8) , 209 ul (2.725 mmol) 2-propanol and 706.2 mg (2.612 mmol) triphenylphosphine in 6.5 ml tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen at 00C, was added dropwise a solution of 575.2 mg (2.498 mmol) di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate in 1 ml tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1,5 hours. 8 ml (15.9 mmol) 2N NaOH was added and the reaction mixture was warmed at 80 0C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture extracted twice with 5 ml ether. The aqueous layer was acidified under ice bath cooling with a 5N HCl solution to pH 1. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried in vacuo to provide 444 mg (y: 78.8 %) of the expected compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 247.0 (MH+)
Example B.6 Preparation of 2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride
Figure imgf000057_0001
A mixture of 51mg (0.191mmol) 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (Example B.2) and 140 ul (1.91mmol) thionylchloride in toluene (0.5ml) was heated in a 80 0C oil bath for 4 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo to provide the title compound.
Example B.7 Preparation of 2-Ethyl-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride
Figure imgf000057_0002
a) step 1 : 2-Ethyl-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000057_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.I, the title compound was prepared from 2,4-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (commercial) and ethyliodide.
Example B.8 Preparation of 2-Difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000057_0004
a) step 1 : 2-Difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000057_0005
To a solution of 500 mg (2.271 mmol) 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (CAS: 345-28-8) in 5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature, was added 470.8 mg (3.407 mmol) potassium carbonate, followed by dropwise addition of 293.4 ul (2.725 mmol) methyl chlorodifluoroacetate. The reaction mixture was heated at 65 0C oil bath for 22 hours. Water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was washed 3 times with water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 449 mg of the title compound as a pink oil which was used in the next step without any further purification.
b) step 2: 2-Difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.3, step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-difluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 254.9 (M-H)
Example B.9
Preparation of 2-Pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000058_0001
a) step 1 : 2-Pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000058_0002
To 30 mg (0.0318 mmol) Pd2dba3, 37.9 mg (0.106 mmol) 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl and 315 mg (1.484 mmol) potassium phosphate tribasic under argon at room temperature, was added a solution of 105.2 ul (1.272 mmol) pyrrolidine in 5.5 ml toluene dry, followed by 300 mg (1.06 mmol) 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (CAS: 328-89-2). The reaction mixture was heated at 80 0C overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with dichloromethane. The suspension was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate O to 10%) to provide 88 mg (30.4 %) of the title compound as an orange oil. MS(nVe): 274.3 (MH+).
b) step 2: 2-Pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.3, step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 258.0 (M-H).
Example B.10 Preparation of 2-Cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000059_0001
a) step 1 : 2-Iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000059_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.3, step 1 the title compound was prepared from 2-iodo-4-trifiuoromethyl-benzoic acid (CAS: 54507-44-7).
b) step 2: 2-Cvclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000059_0003
To a solution of 300 mg (0.909 mmol) 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester, 14.4 mg (0.0455 mmol) Pd(dppf)Cl2 and 10.6 mg (0.0545 mmol) copper (I) iodide in THF (5ml) was added at room temperature 2.73 ml (1.364 mmol) cyclohexylzinc bromide (0.5M). The mixture was stirred for 3 hours. Then it was heated to 50 0C and stirred for 4 hours and at room temperature over night. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in ethyl acetate. Then it was washed twice with a IN HCl solution, twice with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and once with brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 20 %) to provide 176 mg (68 %) of the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS(nVe): 286 (MH+).
c) step 3: 2-Cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.3, step 3 the title compound was prepared from 2-cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester. MS(m/e): 271.2 (M-H)
Example B.11
Preparation of 2-cyclopentyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000060_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.10, the title compound was prepared from 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester and cyclopentyl zinc bromide followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide. MS(m/e): 257.0 (M-H)
Example B.12 Preparation of 2-Cyclobutyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000060_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.10, the title compound was prepared from 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester and cyclobutyl zinc bromide followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide. MS(m/e): 243.0 (M-H) Example B.13 Preparation of 2-Isopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000061_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.10, the title compound was prepared from 2-iodo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester and 2-propyl zinc bromide followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide. MS(m/e): 231.0 (M-H)
Example B.14 Preparation of 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000061_0002
To a solution of sodium hydroxide (5.66 g ,141.4 mmol) in 33 ml water and 33 ml ethanol at room temperature under nitrogen, was added 2,6-dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile (CAS: 51271-36-4) (3.27 g, 14.14 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a 900C oil bath for 37 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 130 ml water was added. The product was collected by filtration and dried to provide 3.05 g of an off-white solid. To a solution of nitrosylsulfuric acid (15.6 g, 110.2 mmol) in 9.5 ml water at 00C under nitrogen, was added dropwise a suspension of the previously obtained material in 19 ml dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was poured over ice and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and dried to provide 1.51 g of product. The aqueous phase was filtered and the white solid was dried to provide 1.36 g of product. Both batches were mixed to provide 2.87 g (93.7 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 249.1 (M-H).
Example B.15 Preparation of 2-Methoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000062_0001
a) step 1 : 2-Methoxy-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile
Figure imgf000062_0002
To a solution of 3 g (11.49 mmol) 2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile (CAS: 35213-02-6) in 30 ml methanol at 00C under nitrogen, was added 2.3 ml (11.49 mmol) of a 5M sodium methoxide in methanol. The reaction mixture was stirred at 00C for 1,5 hours then poured into ice water, stirred for 60 minutes and the product was collect by filtration. The crude solid was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 30 %) to provide 2.24 g (79%) of the title compound as a light yellow solid. b) step 2: 2-Methoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile
Figure imgf000062_0003
To a solution of 200 mg (0.804 mmol) 2-methoxy-6-nitro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile in 2.4 ml 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol under argon at 00C was added dropwise a solution of 81.3 mg (1.246 mmol) potassium hydroxide in 600 ul water. The mixture was refluxed for 2 days then cooled to room temperature and poured into ice / water. The resulting suspension was filtered and dried in vacuo to provide 112 mg (47%) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(m/e): 317.2 (M+H).
c) step 3: 2-Methoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.14, the title compound was prepared from 2-methoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile. MS(m/e): 316.9 (M-H). Example B.16
Preparation of 2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzoyl chloride
Figure imgf000063_0001
a) step 1 : 2-(2-Methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
Figure imgf000063_0002
To a solution of 24.98 g (113 mmol) 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxy-benzoic acid in 220 ml toluene were added 82 ml (1.13 mol) thionyl chloride and 5 drops dimethylformamide. The mixture was heated to 800C for 3h. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated at 50 °C/10 mbar. The remaining acid chloride, 27.9 g of a light yellow liquid, was dissolved in 160 ml dichloromethane, cooled to 0 0C and a solution of 20.34 g (228 mmol) 2-amino-2-methyl- propan-1-ol in 60 ml dichloromethane added. The mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 h. The off-white suspension was diluted with water, the aqueous phase evaporated and the organic phase extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product, 33.2g N-(I- hydroxy-l,l-dimethyl-ethyl)-2-methoxy-4-trifluoro-methyl-benzamide, a light yellow oil was dissolved in 220 ml dichloromethane and cooled to 0 0C. Then 24.7 ml (340 mmol) thionyl chloride was added drop-wise and the resulting light yellow solution stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. Then the pH was adjusted to 10 by addition of saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted 3 times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined organic phases were washed twice with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to provide the title compound as light yellow oil which was used without further purification. MS(nVe): 274.1 (M+H+). b) step 2: 2-(2-Methoxy-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
Figure imgf000063_0003
To a solution of 5.465 g (20 mmol) 2-(2-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5- dihydro-oxazole in 60 ml dry THF were added at < -60 °C 11.0 ml (22 mmol) lithium diisopropylamide solution 2M in THF/heptanes /ethylbenzene and the mixture stirred for 1.5 h at < -60 0C. To the resulting dark brown solution were added 2.5 ml (40 mmol) iodomethane drop wise over 10 min (exothermal, Ti < -48 0C). The resulting light brown solution was stirred at < - 50 0C for 2.5 h then quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution and extracted three times with tert- butyl methyl ether. The combined organic phases were washed 3x with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated: 7.002 g yellow solid: which was purified by flash-chromatography on silica gel with heptane and 5 to 10 % AcOEt over 25 min and heptane/ AcOEt 90:10 for 20 min to provide the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS(m/e): 288.12 (M+H+).
c) step 3: 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazole
Figure imgf000064_0001
To a cooled solution of 355 mg (1.17 mmol) 2-(2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- 4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole in 4 ml THF were added at < 100C drop-wise over 20 min 2.35 ml (4.7 mmol) 2M ethylmagnesium chloride solution in THF. The resulting brown solution was stirred at ambient temperature for Ih, then quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (cooling with ice bath) and extracted three times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined organic phases were washed three times with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole was obtained as yellow oil: MS (ISP): 286.1 ((M+H)+).
d) step 4: 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,4,4-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-3- ium iodide
Figure imgf000064_0002
To a solution of 837 mg (2.9 mmol) 2-(2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,4- dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole in 8 ml nitromethane were added 1.47 ml (23.5 mmol) methyl iodide and the mixture heated in a sealed tube to 700C for 18h. The brown solution was diluted with tert-butyl methyl ether, the suspension filtered and the precipitate washed with tert-butyl methyl ether and dried. 2-(2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,4,4-trimethyl-4,5- dihydro-oxazol-3-ium iodide was obtained as colourless solid: MS (ISP): 300.1 (M+).
e) step 5: 2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000065_0001
A solution of 960 mg (2.25 mmol) 2-(2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,4,4- trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-3-ium iodide in 10 ml MeOH and 5 ml 20% NaOH was heated to 70 0C for 17h The yellow solution was cooled to rt, MeOH distilled off, the residue acidified with cone. HCl to pH 1 and extracted three times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined organic phases were washed twice with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated: 2- Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid was obtained as yellow solid: MS (ISN): 231.06 ((M-H) ). f) step 6: 2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride
Figure imgf000065_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example B.6, the title compound was prepared from 2-Ethyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid.
Example Cl
Preparation of N-(l,6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000065_0003
a) stepl : O-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-propyD-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000066_0001
To a solution of 2 g (19.39 mmol) 3-(methylamino)-l-butanol (commercial, CAS: 89585-18-2) in 15 ml dichloromethane under nitrogen at room temperature, was added 3.24 ml (23.27 mmol) triethylamine. The reaction mixture was cooled to 00C and a solution of 5.13 g (23.27 mmol) di- tert-butyl dicarbonate in 5 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days, then quenched with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 40 %) to provide 3.3 g (84 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 204.3 (M+H).
b) step2: O-Bromo-l-methyl-propyD-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000066_0002
To a solution of 1 g (4.919 mmol) (3 -hydroxy- l-methyl-propyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester in 12.5 ml dichloromethane under nitrogen at 00C, was added 1.46 g (5.411 mmol) triphenylphosphine, followed by a solution of 1.79 g (5.411 mmol) carbone tetrabromide in 3.5 ml dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The suspension was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 15 %) to provide 0.74 g (57 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 210.1 (M-56).
c) step3: Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000067_0001
To a -78°C solution of 304 mg (2.219 mmol) nitromethyl-benzene (CAS: 622-42-4) in 5 ml tetrahydrofuran over mol-sieve and 1.29 ml HMPA, was added dropwise 2.91 ml (4.654 mmol) n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane). After 45 minutes at -78°C, a solution of 590.7 mg (2.219 mmol) (3- bromo-l-methyl-propyl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester in 1.5 ml tetrahydrofuran over mol-sieve was added dropwise. After 1 hour at -78°C, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up slowly, during 2 hours, to -15°C. The mixture was then cooled again to -78°C and quenched with 0.75 ml of acetic acid, then with 13 ml saturated ammonium chloride. Back to room temperature, the aqueous phase was extracted two times with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 10 %) to provide 201 mg (28 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 323.3 (M+H).
d) step4: Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-amine
Figure imgf000067_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.22, step 4, the title compound was prepared from Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. MS(m/e): 223.3 (M+H).
e) step5: l,2-Dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-prperidine
Figure imgf000067_0003
To a suspension of 138 mg (0.621 mmol) Methyl-(l-methyl-4-nitro-4-phenyl-butyl)-amine in 2.2 ml dioxane under argon at room temperature, was added 49.8 ul (0.683 mmol) formaldehyde (37% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then at 65°C for 4,5 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate. Sodium sulfate was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica (Eluent: heptane / ethyl acetate 0 to 20 %) to provide 76 mg (52 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 235.3 (M+H).
f) stepό: l,6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine
Figure imgf000068_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example A.17, step 4, the title compound was prepared from l,2-Dimethyl-5-nitro-5-phenyl-piperidine. MS(m/e): 205.3 (M+H).
g) step7: N-(1 ,6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from l,6-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine and 2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B.6). MS(m/e): 453.2 (M+H).
Example C.2
Preparation of N-((3RS,5SR)-l,5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-ethyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000068_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 1, the title compound was prepared from (3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine (Example A.20) and 2- Ethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (CAS: 854531-63-8). MS(m/e): 405.4 (M+H).
Description of active examples:
Example 1 rac-2-Chloro-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000069_0001
To a solution of 33 mg (0.144 mmol) 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (commercial), 75 mg (0.197 mmol) HATU and 90 ul (0.524 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in DMF (ImI) was added a solution of 25 mg (0.131 mmol) rac-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine (Example A.1) in DMF (0.25 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The solution was washed once with water and twice with a saturated sodium carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 27 mg (52 %) of the title compound as a light yellow oil. MS (m/e): MS(m/e): 397.2 (M+H)
In analogy to Example 1, compounds 2 to 15 of the following table were prepared from the acid derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
Figure imgf000069_0002
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0001
Example 16 rac-2-Methoxy-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000072_0001
To a solution of 205 mg (1.077 mmol) rac- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -ylamine (Example A.I) and 369 ul (2.154 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) was added dropwise a solution of 430 mg (1.4 mmol) 2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (CAS: 886503-47-5) in dichloromethane (2.0 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 340 mg (69 %) of the title compound as a light yellow foam. MS (m/e): MS(m/e): 461.4 (M+H).
In analogy to Example 16, compounds 17 to 28 of the following table were prepared from the acyl chloride derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
Figure imgf000072_0002
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Example 29 rac-2-Methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000074_0002
a) step 1 : rac-S-Amino-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000074_0003
To a refluxing solution of 500 mg (1.486 mmol) rac-S-azido-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (example A.I, step 2) and 281 mg (7.43 mmol) NaBH4 in THF (5ml) was added dropwise 2.0 ml methanol over 1.5 hour. The mixture was refluxed for another hour and then stirred at room temperature overnight. Another 114 mg (3 mmol) NaBH4 were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and acidified with HCl IN. The mixture was basified with IN NaOH and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 220 mg (48 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (m/e): MS(m/e): 311.4 (M+H).
b) step 2: rac- 3-(2-Methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoylamino)-3-phenyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000075_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-S-amino-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 2-methoxy- 4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (CAS: 886503-47-5).
c) step 3: rac-2-Methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
To a solution of 445 mg (0.767 mmol) rac- 3-(2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzoylamino)-3-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester in methanol (4.5 ml) were added 44mg Pd/C 10 %. The mixture was stirred under an hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1.5 hour. The apparatus was purged with argon. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide 330 mg ( 96 %) of the title compound as a white foam. MS(m/e): 447.3 (M+H).
Example 30 rac-N-(l-Ethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000075_0002
To a solution of 25. mg (0.056 mmol) rac-2-methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis- trifluoromethyl-benzamide in 0.25 ml dichloromethane were added 19.7 ul (0.112mmol) N- ethyldiisopropylamine and finally 6.0 ul (0.0728 mmol) iodoethane. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was purifϊed on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate O to 100 %) to provide 15 mg (58 %) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS(m/e): 475.2 (M+H).
Example 31 rac-N-(l-Isopropyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000076_0001
To a solution of 35.7 mg (0.08 mmol) rac-2-methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis- trifluoromethyl-benzamide in methanol were added 28 ul (0.48 mmol) acetic acid, 59 ul (0.8 mmol) acetone and finally 30 mg (0.4 mmol) sodium cyanoborohydride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken in ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed once with a IN NaOH solution, once with water and once with brine. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 33 mg (85 %) of the title compound as a white foam. MS(m/e): 489.4 (M+H).
In analogy to Example 31, compounds 32 to 34 of the following table were prepared from rac-2- methoxy-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide and carbonyl derivatives:
Figure imgf000077_0001
The examples 35-38 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC:
Figure imgf000077_0002
Figure imgf000078_0002
*: Analytical separation conditions: Column: Chiralpak AD; Eluent: 15 % Isopropanol/ Heptane; flow 35 ml, UV detection: 254 nm
In analogy to Example 1, compounds 39 to 44 of the following table were prepared from the acid derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
MW
Example
Structure Systematic Name Starting materials found No. (MH+) rac-2- rac- 1 -Methyl-3 -phenyl-
Difluoromethoxy-N- piperidin-3 -ylamine
( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-
(Example A.I) and 2-
39 piperidin-3-yl)-4- 429.2
Difluoromethoxy-4- trifluoromethyl- trifluoromethyl-benzo ic benzamide acid (Example B.8) rac-2-Chloro-N-(l- rac- 1 -Methyl-3 -phenyl- methyl-3 -phenyl- piperidin-3 -ylamine piperidin-3-yl)-6-
(Example A.I) and 2-
40 trifluoromethyl- 398.1 chloro-6- nicotinamide
(trifuoromethyl)nicotinic
Figure imgf000078_0001
hydrochloride acid (commercial)
Figure imgf000079_0001
In analogy to Example 16, compounds 45 to 48 of the following table were prepared from the acyl chloride derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
Figure imgf000079_0002
Figure imgf000080_0001
Example 49 rac-2-Cyclopropyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000080_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 29, the title compound was prepared from rac-S-amino-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 2- cyclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid (Example B.3). MS(m/e): 389.1 (MH+).
Example 50 rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000081_0001
a) step 1 : rac-3-(2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoylamino)-3 -phenyl- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000081_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-S-amino-S-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (example 29, step 1) and 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B.6). MS(m/e): 559.1 (MH+)
b) step 2: rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride
To a solution of 50 mg (0.0895 mmol) rac-3-(2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzoylamino)-3-phenyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester in 1 ml ethanol under argon at room temperature, were added 57 mg (0.895 mmol) ammonium formate and 50 mg Pd/C 10%. The mixture was re fluxed for 20 minutes, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken in water. The aqueous layer was basified with a 2M Na2CO3 solution and extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 13.4 mg of product which was dissolved in methanol. The solution was acidified with a 1.6M HCl/methanol solution. The solvent was removed in vacuo to providel3mg of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS (m/e): 425.1 (MH+).
Example 51 rac-N-(5-Hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000082_0001
a) step 1 : rac-2-Methoxy-N-(5-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yr)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000082_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-5-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-ylamine (Example A.10) and 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B.6). MS(m/e): 499.3 (MH+).
b) step 2: rac-N-(5-Hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
To a solution of 17mg (0.0341mmol) rac-2-methoxy-N-(5-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl- piperidin-3-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide in 0.5 ml methanol were added 102 ul (0.102 mmol) of an aqueous IN HCl solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then in a 65 0C oil bath for 24 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken in water. The aqueous layer was basified with a 2M Na2CO3 solution and extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 8 mg (52 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(nVe): 455.2 (MH+).
Example 52 rac-2-Methoxy-N-[l-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl]-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide; hydrochloride
Figure imgf000083_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 30, the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride (Example 50) and 2-bromoethyl methyl ether. MS(m/e): 483.2 (MH+).
Example 53 rac-N-[l-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide; hydrochloride
Figure imgf000083_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 30, the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride (Example 50) and 2-iodoethanol. MS(m/e): 469.2 (MH+).
Example 54 rac-N-(l-Cyclobutyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide; hydrochloride
Figure imgf000083_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 31 , the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride (Example 50) and cyclobutanone. MS(m/e): 479.1 (MH+). Example 55 rac-N-(l-Isopropyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide; hydrochloride
Figure imgf000084_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 31 , the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride (Example 50) and acetone. MS(m/e): 467.2 (MH+).
The examples 56-57 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC followed by formation of the hydrochloride salt with HCl/Methanol:
Figure imgf000084_0002
*: Analytical separation conditions: Column: Chiralpak AD; Eluent: 15 % Isopropanol/ Heptane; flow 35 ml, UV detection: 254 nm Example 58 rac-N-(3-Cyclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000085_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-S-cyclohexyl-l-methyl-piperidin-S-ylamine (Example A.11) and 2-methoxy- 6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B6). MS(m/e): 445.2 (MH+).
Example 59 rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-[l-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-yl]-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000085_0002
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-l-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-ylamine (Example A.12) and 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B6). MS(m/e): 447.2 (MH+).
Example 60 rac-N-(l,3-Dimethyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000085_0003
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 16, the title compound was prepared from rac-l,3-dimethyl-piperidin-3-ylamine dihydro chloride (Example A.13) and 2- methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl chloride (Example B6).MS(m/e): 377.3 (MH+).
The examples 61-62 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC:
Figure imgf000086_0002
*• : Analytical separation conditions: Column: Chiralpak AD; Eluent: 15 % Isopropanol/ Heptane;
Example 63
[IH-methyll-l-Methoxy-N-CRJ or CSJ-l-methyl-S-phenyl-piperidin-S-yO-ό- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000086_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 30, the title compound was prepared from 2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-((R) or (S)-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide (Example 62) and tri-deuteromethyl iodide. MS(m/e): 442.3 (MH+). Example 64 rac-2-Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l-oxetan-3-yl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000087_0001
In analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of example 31 , the title compound was prepared from rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride (Example 50) and oxetanone. MS(m/e): 481.1 (MH+).
Example 65
N-((3RS,5RS)-5-Hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000087_0002
a) step 1 : rac-2-Methoxy-N-(l-methyl-5-oxo-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000087_0003
To a -500C solution of 11 ul (0.21 mmol) oxalyl chloride in 0.8 ml dichloromethane was added a solution of 17.2 ul DMSO in 0.2 ml dichloromethane over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, after which a solution of 50 mg (0.11 mmol) rac-N-(5- hydroxy- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide (example 51) in 0.8 ml dichloromethane was added over a period of 15 minutes. After 30 min stirring, 77 ul (0.55 mmol) triethylamine was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, then allowed to warm to room temperature and quenched with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: Heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 15 %) to provide 44 mg (89 %) of the title compound as a white foam. MS(m/e): 453.1 (MH+).
b) step 2: N-((3RS.5RS)-5-Hvdroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6 methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
To a solution of 23 mg (0.0508mmol) rac-2-methoxy-N-(l-methyl-5-oxo-3-phenyl-piperidin-3- yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide in 0.46 ml methanol was added 3.9 mg (0.102 mmol) sodium borohydride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, quenched with 1.0 ml HCl IN and stirred for 15 minutes. Water was added and the mixture was basifϊed with a 2M sodium carbonate solution. The mixture was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (Eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 0 to 100 %) to provide 4.5 mg (20 %) of the title compound as a white solid. MS(m/e): 455.2 (MH+).
In analogy to Example 1, compounds 66 to 84 of the following table were prepared from the acid derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000089_0001
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
rac-l,5,5-Trimethyl-3- rac-2-Cyclopropyl- phenyl-piperidin-3 -
4-trifluoromethyl- ylamine (Example A.21)
83 N-(l,5,5-trimethyl- and 2-Cyclopropyl-4- 431.3
3 -phenyl-piperidin- trifluoromethyl-benzo ic
3-yl)-benzamide acid (Example B.3)
rac- 1 ,6,6-Trimethyl-3- rac-2-Methoxy-6- phenyl-piperidin-3 - methylsulfanyl-4- ylamine (Example A.22) trifluoromethyl-N- and 2-Methoxy-6-
84 (l,6,6-trimethyl-3- 467.2 methylsulfanyl-4- phenyl-piperidin-3 - trifluoromethyl-benzo ic yl)-benzamide acid (Example B.2)
Figure imgf000092_0001
hydrochloride
In analogy to Example 16, compounds 85 to 105 of the following table were prepared from the acyl chloride derivatives and piperidine derivatives:
Figure imgf000092_0002
rac-N- [3 -(3 -Bromo - phenyl)- 1 -methyl- rac-3-(3-Bromo-phenyl)- 1 - piperidin-3 -yl] -2- methyl-piperidin-3-ylamine methoxy-6-
87 (Example A.23) and 2- methylsulfanyl-4- 517.2
Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl- trifluoromethyl-
Figure imgf000093_0001
4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl benzamide chloride (Example B6) hydrochloride
rac-N-[3-(2-Chloro-4- rac-3-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro- fluoro-phenyl)-l- phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin- methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] - 3-ylamine (Example A.24)
88 2-methoxy-6- and 2-Methoxy-6- 491.1 methylsulfanyl-4- methylsulfanyl-4-
Figure imgf000093_0002
trifluoromethyl- trifluoromethyl-benzoyl benzamide chloride (Example B6) rac-2-Methoxy-6- rac-l-Methyl-3-(3- methy lsulfany 1-N- [ 1 - trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- methyl-3-(3- piperidin-3 -ylamine 507.2 trifluoromethyl-
89 (Example A.26) and 2- phenyl)-piperidin-3 -
Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-
Figure imgf000093_0003
yl] -4-trifluoromethyl-
4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl benzamide chloride (Example B6) rac-2-Methoxy-6- rac-l-Methyl-3-(3- methy lsulfany 1-N- [ 1 - trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)- methyl-3-(3- piperidin-3 -ylamine 523.1
90 trifluoromethoxy-
(Example A.27) and 2- phenyl)-piperidin-3 -
Methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl- yl] -4-trifluoromethyl-
Figure imgf000093_0004
4-trifluoromethyl-benzoyl benzamide chloride (Example B6) rac-3 -(3 -Methoxy-phenyl)- rac-2-Methoxy-N- [3 - 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -
(3 -methoxy-phenyl)- 1 - ylamine (Example A.28) 469.2 methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -
91 and 2-Methoxy-6-
6-methylsulfanyl-4- methylsulfanyl-4-
Figure imgf000093_0005
trifluoromethyl- trifluoromethyl-benzoyl benzamide chloride (Example B6)
rac-N-[3-(3- rac-3 -(3 -Difluoromethoxy- Difluoromethoxy- phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin- phenyl)- 1 -methyl- 3-ylamine (Example A.29) 505.2 piperidin-3 -yl] -2-
92 and 2-Methoxy-6- methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4- methylsulfanyl-4-
Figure imgf000093_0006
trifluoromethyl-benzoyl trifluoromethyl- chloride (Example B6) benzamide formic acid
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0001
Figure imgf000096_0001
The examples 106-128 have been prepared by separation of the racemic material by chiral HPLC:
Figure imgf000096_0002
Figure imgf000097_0001
Figure imgf000098_0001
Figure imgf000099_0001
Figure imgf000100_0001
Figure imgf000101_0001
*: Analytical separation conditions: Column: A: Chiralpak AD; B: Lux 2 cellulose; C: Reprosil chiral NR. Eluent: 15 % Isopropanol/ Heptane;
The compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically usable addition salts possess valuable pharmacological properties. Specifically, it has been found that the compounds of the present invention are good inhibitors of the glycine transporter I (GIyT-I). The compounds were investigated in accordance with the test given hereinafter.
Solutions and materials DMEM complete medium: Nutrient mixture F-12 (Gibco Life-technologies), fetal bovine serum (FBS) 5 %, (Gibco life technologies), Penicillin/Streptomycin 1 % (Gibco life technologies), Hygromycin 0.6 mg/ml (Gibco life technologies), Glutamine 1 mM Gibco life technologies) Uptake buffer (UB): 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Hepes-Tris, pH 7.4, 1 mM CaCl2, 2.5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 10 mM (+) D-glucose. Flp-in™-CHO (Invitrogen Cat n° R758-07)cells stably transfected with mGlyT 1 b cDNA. Glycine uptake inhibition assay (mG IyT- Ib)
On day 1 mammalian cells, (Flp-in™-CHO), transfected with mGlyT- Ib cDNA , were plated at the density of 40,000 cells/well in complete F-12 medium, without hygromycin in 96-well culture plates. On day 2, the medium was aspirated and the cells were washed twice with uptake buffer (UB). The cells were then incubated for 20 min at 22 0C with either (i) no potential competitor, (ii) 10 mM non-radioactive glycine , (iii) a concentration of a potential inhibitor. A range of concentrations of the potential inhibitor was used to generate data for calculating the concentration of inhibitor resulting in 50 % of the effect (e.g. IC50, the concentration of the competitor inhibiting glycine uptake of 50 %). A solution was then immediately added containing [3H]-glycine 60 nM (11-16 Ci/mmol) and 25 μM non-radioactive glycine. The plates were incubated with gentle shaking and the reaction was stopped by aspiration of the mixture and washing (three times) with ice-cold UB. The cells were lysed with scintillation liquid, shaken 3 hours and the radioactivity in the cells was counted using a scintillation counter. The compounds described in examples 1 -60 have an IC50 data <1.0 μM. The preferred IC50 data (<0.2 μM) for compounds 1 -128 is be provided in table 1. Table 1
Figure imgf000103_0001
Figure imgf000104_0001
The compounds of formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula I can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations. The pharmaceutical preparations can be administered orally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions. The administration can, however, also be effected rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories, parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions.
The compounds of formula I can be processed with pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers for the production of pharmaceutical preparations. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acids or its salts and the like can be used, for example, as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for soft gelatine capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like. Depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are however usually required in the case of soft gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oil and the like. Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.
The pharmaceutical preparations can, moreover, contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
Medicaments containing a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a therapeutically inert carrier are also an object of the present invention, as is a process for their production, which comprises bringing one or more compounds of formula I and/or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and, if desired, one or more other therapeutically valuable substances into a galenical administration form together with one or more therapeutically inert carriers.
The most preferred indications in accordance with the present invention are those, which include disorders of the central nervous system, for example the treatment or prevention of schizophrenia, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
The dosage can vary within wide limits and will, of course, have to be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case. In the case of oral administration the dosage for adults can vary from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg per day of a compound of general formula I or of the corresponding amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The daily dosage may be administered as single dose or in divided doses and, in addition, the upper limit can also be exceeded when this is found to be indicated.
Tablet Formulation (Wet Granulation) Item Ingredients mg/tablet
5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1. Compound of formula I 5 25 100 500
2. Lactose Anhydrous DTG 125 105 30 150
3. Sta-Rx 1500 6 6 6 30
4. Micro crystalline Cellulose 30 30 30 150
5. Magnesium Stearate 1 1 1 1 Total 167 167 167 831
Manufacturing Procedure
1. Mix items 1, 2, 3 and 4 and granulate with purified water.
2. Dry the granules at 50 0C.
3. Pass the granules through suitable milling equipment. 4. Add item 5 and mix for three minutes; compress on a suitable press.
Capsule Formulation
Item Ingredients mg/capsule
5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 m
1. Compound of formula I 5 25 100 500
2. Hydrous Lactose 159 123 148 —
3. Corn Starch 25 35 40 70
4. Talc 10 15 10 25
5. Magnesium Stearate 1 2 2 5
Total 200 200 300 600
Manufacturing Procedure
1. Mix items 1, 2 and 3 in a suitable mixer for 30 minutes.
2. Add items 4 and 5 and mix for 3 minutes.
3. Fill into a suitable capsule.

Claims

Claims
1. A compound of general formula
Figure imgf000107_0001
wherein R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, CD3, -(CH2)n-CHO, -(CH2)n-O-lower alkyl, -(CH2)n-OH,
-(CH2)n-cycloalkyl or is heterocycloalkyl;
R2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, di-lower alkyl, -OCH2-O-lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; or the piperidin ring form together with R2 a spiro ring, selected from 4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl; Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, which are optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents, selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, S-lower alkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, or by phenyl optionally substituted by R', and R' is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxy substituted by halogen, or is heteroaryl;
R is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one or two R'; n is 0, 1 2 or 3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer thereof.
2. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R1 is lower alkyl.
3. A compound of formula I according to claim 2, wherein Ar and R are both phenyl.
4. A compound of formula I according to claim 3, wherein the phenyl group for Ar is substituted by at least two CF3 groups.
5. A compound of formula I according to claim 4, wherein the compounds are rac-2-fluoro-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-metho xy-N-(l -methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide or
2-methoxy-N-((R)-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
6. A compound of formula I according to claim 3, wherein the phenyl group for Ar is substituted by at least one CF3 group.
7. A compound of formula I according to claim 6, wherein the compounds are rac-2-ethyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-bromo-6-metho xy-N-(l -methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-( 1 ,2-dimethyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-chloro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((R)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-difluoromethoxy-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 -chloro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N- [3 -(4-methoxy-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(5-fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(l-isopropyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((R)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-cyclobutyl-N-(l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(2-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-metho xy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-isopropyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-Ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride
2-methoxy-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide 2-ethyl-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2, 6-dimetho xy-N-(l -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3RS, 5SR)-1, 5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-cyclopropyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,6,6-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)- benzamide N-((3RS,5SR)-l,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((3RS,5SR)-5-methoxymethoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(3-bromo-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N- [ 1 -methyl-3 -(3 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperidin-3 -yl] -A- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N- [3 -(3 -methoxy-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 -fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-[3-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 ,4-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l-methyl-3-m-tolyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-N-[3-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phenyl)-l-methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N- [3 -(3 ,5 -difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3 -yl] -2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-(l,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)- benzamide rac-2-ethyl-3 -methyl-N-( 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-( 1 -tert-butyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide rac-2-methoxy-N-(4-methyl-6-phenyl-4-aza-spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide 2-methoxy-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-methoxy-N-((3S,5R) or (3R,5S)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide N-[(R or S)-3-(2-fluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-[(R or S)-3-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-piperidin-3-yl]-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
2-ethyl-N-((R or S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-N-((S or R)-l,5,5-trimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-
3-yl)-benzamide
N-((3S,6S) or (3R,6R)-l,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,6R)or (3S,6S)- 1 ,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3R,6S) or (3S,6R)- 1 ,6-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide
N-((3S,5R) or (3R,5S)-l,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-l,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-ethyl-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-ethyl-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide
2-cyclopropyl-N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or
2, 6-Dimetho xy-N-(R or (S)-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
8. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R1 is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl and Ar and R are both phenyl.
9. A compound of formula I according to claim 8, wherein the compounds are rac-N-(l-cyclopentyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-N-(l-cyclopropylmethyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide or rac-2-methoxy-N-[3-phenyl-l-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-piperidin-3-yl]-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl- benzamide.
10. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R1 is lower alkyl, Ar is phenyl and R is heteroaryl.
11. A compound of formula I according to claim 10, wherein the compound is rac-N-CS-fiuoro-r-methyl-l'^'^'^'-tetrahydro-lΗ-fl^^bipyridinyl-S'-yO-l-methoxy-β- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,4']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide hydrochloride rac-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-N-(l -methyl- 1,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or rac-2-ethyl-N-(l-methyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[3,3']bipyridinyl-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl- benzamide.
12. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R1 is hydrogen and Ar and R are phenyl.
13. A compound of formula I according to claim 12, wherein the compound is rac-2-cyclopropyl-N-(3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
14. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R2 is hydroxy.
15. A compound of formula I according to claim 14, wherein the compound is rac-N-(5 -hydroxy- 1 -methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide or
N-((3R,5S) or (3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6- methylsulfanyl-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
16. A compound of formula I according to claim 3, wherein R2 is halogen.
17. A compound of formula I according to claim 16, wherein the compound is rac-N-(5-fluoro-l-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide.
18. A compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein R1 is CD3.
19. A compound of formula I according to claim 18, wherein the compound is [2H-methyl] -2-methoxy-N-(R) or (S)- 1 -methyl-3 -phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4- trifluoromethyl-benzamide hydrochloride.
20. A process for preparation of a compound of formula I and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula
with a compound of formula
Figure imgf000113_0001
in the presence of an activating agent selected from HATU (o-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) or thionyl chloride to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000113_0002
wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1 , or b) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000113_0003
with a compound of formula R1X
in the presence of base selected from N-ethyldiisopropylamine to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000114_0001
wherein X is halogen and the other substituents are as defϊnedin claim 1, or c) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000114_0002
with a carbonyl reagent of formula R4-C(O)-R5, in the presence of a reducing agent selected from sodium cyanoboro hydride, to a compound of formula
Figure imgf000114_0003
wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1 and R4 and R5 are lower alkyl or form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, and
if desired, converting the compounds obtained into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
21. A medicament containing one or more compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19 and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
22. A medicament according to claim 21 for the treatment of illnesses based on the glycine uptake inhibitor.
23. A medicament according to claim 22, wherein the illnesses are psychoses, pain, disfunction in memory and learning, attention deficit, schizophrenia, dementia disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
24. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19 for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of psychoses, pain, dysfunction in memory and learning, attention deficit, schizophrenia, dementia disorders or Alzheimer's disease.
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