WO2010074902A1 - Mitigating perforating gun shock - Google Patents

Mitigating perforating gun shock Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010074902A1
WO2010074902A1 PCT/US2009/066379 US2009066379W WO2010074902A1 WO 2010074902 A1 WO2010074902 A1 WO 2010074902A1 US 2009066379 W US2009066379 W US 2009066379W WO 2010074902 A1 WO2010074902 A1 WO 2010074902A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
tool
wellbore
actuator
mitigation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/066379
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kenneth Goodman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Canada Ltd, Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA, Schlumberger Technology BV, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd, Prad Research and Development Ltd filed Critical Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Publication of WO2010074902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010074902A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
    • E21B43/1195—Replacement of drilling mud; decrease of undesirable shock waves

Definitions

  • the present application relates in general to wellbore operations and more specifically to systems and methods for mitigating the shock from perforating gun detonations in a wellbore.
  • Perforating guns are utilized in subterranean wells to create perforating tunnels to promote fluid communication between the wellbore and the surrounding subterranean formation.
  • One drawback of perforating guns is that the shock from the detonated explosive charges can damage downhole equipment.
  • One embodiment of a method for mitigating the shock from the detonation of a perforating charge in a subterranean wellbore includes the steps of disposing a mitigation tool in the wellbore; detonating the perforating charge in the wellbore; and activating the mitigation tool to create a fluid hammer.
  • An embodiment of a wellbore tool includes a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and an actuator connected with the body, the actuator opening a port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when activated.
  • An embodiment of a wellbore tool string includes a perforating gun having a plurality of explosive perforating charges and a shock mitigation tool.
  • the shock mitigation tool including a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and at least one actuator connected with the body proximate to the top end of the body, the at least one actuator opening at least one port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when the at least one actuator is activated.
  • Figure 1 is a wellbore schematic illustrating an embodiment of a perforating gun shock mitigation device
  • Figure 2 is wellbore schematic illustrating another embodiment of a perforating gun shock mitigation device.
  • Figure 1 is a well schematic illustrating an embodiment of a shock mitigation tool, generally denoted by the numeral 10, connected within a tool string 12.
  • tool string 12 includes mitigation tool 10 and a perforating gun 14.
  • Tool string 12 is illustrated disposed in wellbore 16 on a conveyance 18.
  • Wellbore 16 is completed with casing 20.
  • mitigation tool 10 is disposed in wellbore fluid 5.
  • Wellbore fluid 5 is a liquid and may comprise reservoir produced fluids, drilling mud, water and the like.
  • Perforating gun 14 includes a plurality of shaped perforating charges 22. Perforating gun 14 is fired, detonating perforating charges 22 creating tunnels 24 through casing 20 and into the surrounding subterranean formation 26. Tunnels 24 are created to promote fluid communication between wellbore 16 and formation 26. In some circumstances, the desired gun 14 configuration can cause damage to wellbore equipment, including well completion systems and tool string equipment, upon firing of perforating charges 22. This can be of particular concern when long guns are desired to shoot an extended portion of the well.
  • Tool string 12 includes mitigation tool 10 to provide a fluid dampening of the shock produced from the firing of gun 14.
  • mitigation tool 10 comprises a body 28, internal chamber 30, an actuator 32 and a barrier 34.
  • Actuator 32 is described as an explosive with reference to the Figures 1 and 2 herein.
  • actuator 32 may include other devices and combinations of elements that are adapted to form or open ports 38 (Fig. 2).
  • actuator 32 may comprise explosives, cutters, valves, sliding sleeves and the like.
  • mitigation tool 10 is illustrated as positioned adjacent to perforating gun 14. However, it is noted that mitigation tool 10 may be spaced apart from gun 14 in some embodiments. It will also be seen that more than one mitigation tool 10, or mitigation tool section, may be provided in tool string 12.
  • Body 28 provides an internal chamber 30, illustrated in Figure 2.
  • chamber 30 will be empty of liquids prior to mitigating tool 10 being activated.
  • body 28 is formed from a gun carrier.
  • Other embodiments include a desired length of a tubular.
  • Body 28 has a top end 28a and a bottom end 28b. Top and bottom ends 28a, 28b may be determined relative to the Earth's surface, but more specifically herein in relation to the direction of gravity.
  • mitigation tool 10 is positioned above gun 14. It should be noted that the configuration could essentially be reversed to provide shock mitigation in an opposite direction. Also, for horizontal wells the position of the mitigation tool and it's configuration could be modified appropriately, e.g., at either side of the gun 14 and to produce force in either direction.
  • actuators 32 are positioned proximate to top end 28a. Actuators 32 are adapted to open ports 38 (Fig. 2) through body 28 upon activation. Actuators 32 may be provided by various devices. In the illustrated embodiments, actuators 32 are explosives. Explosives 32 may or may not be shaped charges. In the illustrated embodiment, a detonator 36 is in operational connection with explosives 32 and may also be in operational connection with perforating charges 22.
  • Barrier 34 is positioned proximate to bottom end 28b. Barrier 34, in some embodiments, may be moved between a closed position blocking passage through the bore of tool string 12 and an open position. In other embodiments, barrier 34 may be fixed in a closed or blocking position.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of a portion of an embodiment of mitigation tool 10 after activation. Operation of mitigation tool 10 is now described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Prior to activation of mitigation tool 10, and the activation of gun 14, chamber 30 of mitigation tool 10 is empty of liquids and barrier 34 is in the closed position as shown in Figure 2.
  • barrier 34 is a valve.
  • the barrier 34 could be other than a valve, for example, a solid piece of material fastened into place as noted above.
  • the barrier 34 in any event, could contain an opening for passage a detonating cord (not shown).
  • Barrier 34 may include an actuator 40 for selectively moving barrier 34 between the closed and open positions.
  • Mitigation tool 10 is activated, or fired, in response to the firing of gun 14 and detonation of perforating charges 22.
  • Mitigation tool 10 may be fired at a selected delay after detonation of perforating charges 22, substantially simultaneous with firing of gun 14, or prior to firing gun 14 and the detonation of perforating charges 22.
  • actuators 32 form ports 38 ( Figure 2) through body 28.
  • wellbore fluid 5 enters the empty chamber 30 and impacts barrier 34.
  • the impact of fluid 5 on barrier 34 causes a pressure surge, or wave, dampening the shock from the detonation of perforating charges 22.
  • the fluid dampening may be referred to from time to time herein as fluid hammer.
  • the volume of chamber 30 may vary, as desired, to achieve a desired amount of force generated by the fluid hammer.
  • actuators 32 are selected to open one or more ports 38 that create an area of flow substantially equal to the cross- section area of chamber 30. Additionally, the distance between actuators 32, and therefore ports 38, and barrier 34 may vary between installations the change the force of fluid 5 string barrier 34.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

A wellbore tool string includes a perforating gun having a plurality of explosive perforating charges and a shock mitigation tool. The shock mitigation tool including a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and a plurality of actuators connected with the body proximate to the top end of the body, each actuator opening a port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when the plurality of actuators are activated.

Description

MITIGATING PERFORATING GUN SHOCK TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates in general to wellbore operations and more specifically to systems and methods for mitigating the shock from perforating gun detonations in a wellbore.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Perforating guns are utilized in subterranean wells to create perforating tunnels to promote fluid communication between the wellbore and the surrounding subterranean formation. One drawback of perforating guns is that the shock from the detonated explosive charges can damage downhole equipment.
SUMMARY
[0003] Accordingly, methods, apparatus, devices and systems for mitigating the shock from detonated perforating charges are provided. One embodiment of a method for mitigating the shock from the detonation of a perforating charge in a subterranean wellbore includes the steps of disposing a mitigation tool in the wellbore; detonating the perforating charge in the wellbore; and activating the mitigation tool to create a fluid hammer.
[0004] An embodiment of a wellbore tool includes a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and an actuator connected with the body, the actuator opening a port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when activated. [0005] An embodiment of a wellbore tool string includes a perforating gun having a plurality of explosive perforating charges and a shock mitigation tool. The shock mitigation tool including a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and at least one actuator connected with the body proximate to the top end of the body, the at least one actuator opening at least one port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when the at least one actuator is activated.
[0006] The foregoing has outlined some of the features and technical advantages of the present application in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The foregoing and other features and aspects will be best understood with reference to the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0008] Figure 1 is a wellbore schematic illustrating an embodiment of a perforating gun shock mitigation device; and
[0009] Figure 2 is wellbore schematic illustrating another embodiment of a perforating gun shock mitigation device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] Refer now to the drawings wherein depicted elements are not necessarily shown to scale and wherein like or similar elements are designated by the same reference numeral through the several views.
[0011] As used herein, the terms "up" and "down"; "upper" and "lower"; and other like terms indicating relative positions to a given point or element are utilized to more clearly describe some elements of the embodiments. Commonly, these terms relate to a reference point as the surface from which drilling operations are initiated as being the top point and the total depth of the well being the lowest point.
[0012] Figure 1 is a well schematic illustrating an embodiment of a shock mitigation tool, generally denoted by the numeral 10, connected within a tool string 12. In the illustrated embodiment, tool string 12 includes mitigation tool 10 and a perforating gun 14. Tool string 12 is illustrated disposed in wellbore 16 on a conveyance 18. Wellbore 16 is completed with casing 20. In Figure 1, mitigation tool 10 is disposed in wellbore fluid 5. Wellbore fluid 5 is a liquid and may comprise reservoir produced fluids, drilling mud, water and the like.
[0013] Perforating gun 14 includes a plurality of shaped perforating charges 22. Perforating gun 14 is fired, detonating perforating charges 22 creating tunnels 24 through casing 20 and into the surrounding subterranean formation 26. Tunnels 24 are created to promote fluid communication between wellbore 16 and formation 26. In some circumstances, the desired gun 14 configuration can cause damage to wellbore equipment, including well completion systems and tool string equipment, upon firing of perforating charges 22. This can be of particular concern when long guns are desired to shoot an extended portion of the well.
[0014] Tool string 12 includes mitigation tool 10 to provide a fluid dampening of the shock produced from the firing of gun 14. In the embodiment of Figure 1, mitigation tool 10 comprises a body 28, internal chamber 30, an actuator 32 and a barrier 34. Actuator 32 is described as an explosive with reference to the Figures 1 and 2 herein. However, it is noted that actuator 32 may include other devices and combinations of elements that are adapted to form or open ports 38 (Fig. 2). For example, actuator 32 may comprise explosives, cutters, valves, sliding sleeves and the like.
[0015] In the illustrated embodiment, mitigation tool 10 is illustrated as positioned adjacent to perforating gun 14. However, it is noted that mitigation tool 10 may be spaced apart from gun 14 in some embodiments. It will also be seen that more than one mitigation tool 10, or mitigation tool section, may be provided in tool string 12.
[0016] Body 28 provides an internal chamber 30, illustrated in Figure 2. In some embodiments, chamber 30 will be empty of liquids prior to mitigating tool 10 being activated. In one embodiment, body 28 is formed from a gun carrier. Other embodiments include a desired length of a tubular. Body 28 has a top end 28a and a bottom end 28b. Top and bottom ends 28a, 28b may be determined relative to the Earth's surface, but more specifically herein in relation to the direction of gravity. In this embodiment, mitigation tool 10 is positioned above gun 14. It should be noted that the configuration could essentially be reversed to provide shock mitigation in an opposite direction. Also, for horizontal wells the position of the mitigation tool and it's configuration could be modified appropriately, e.g., at either side of the gun 14 and to produce force in either direction.
[0017] One or more actuators 32 are positioned proximate to top end 28a. Actuators 32 are adapted to open ports 38 (Fig. 2) through body 28 upon activation. Actuators 32 may be provided by various devices. In the illustrated embodiments, actuators 32 are explosives. Explosives 32 may or may not be shaped charges. In the illustrated embodiment, a detonator 36 is in operational connection with explosives 32 and may also be in operational connection with perforating charges 22.
[0018] Barrier 34 is positioned proximate to bottom end 28b. Barrier 34, in some embodiments, may be moved between a closed position blocking passage through the bore of tool string 12 and an open position. In other embodiments, barrier 34 may be fixed in a closed or blocking position.
[0019] Figure 2 is a conceptual view of a portion of an embodiment of mitigation tool 10 after activation. Operation of mitigation tool 10 is now described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Prior to activation of mitigation tool 10, and the activation of gun 14, chamber 30 of mitigation tool 10 is empty of liquids and barrier 34 is in the closed position as shown in Figure 2. In the illustrated embodiment barrier 34 is a valve. However, the barrier 34 could be other than a valve, for example, a solid piece of material fastened into place as noted above. The barrier 34, in any event, could contain an opening for passage a detonating cord (not shown). Barrier 34 may include an actuator 40 for selectively moving barrier 34 between the closed and open positions.
[0020] Mitigation tool 10 is activated, or fired, in response to the firing of gun 14 and detonation of perforating charges 22. Mitigation tool 10 may be fired at a selected delay after detonation of perforating charges 22, substantially simultaneous with firing of gun 14, or prior to firing gun 14 and the detonation of perforating charges 22. Upon activation of mitigation tool 10, actuators 32 form ports 38 (Figure 2) through body 28. Upon the opening of ports 38, wellbore fluid 5 enters the empty chamber 30 and impacts barrier 34. The impact of fluid 5 on barrier 34 causes a pressure surge, or wave, dampening the shock from the detonation of perforating charges 22. The fluid dampening may be referred to from time to time herein as fluid hammer.
[0021] The volume of chamber 30 may vary, as desired, to achieve a desired amount of force generated by the fluid hammer. In some embodiments, actuators 32 are selected to open one or more ports 38 that create an area of flow substantially equal to the cross- section area of chamber 30. Additionally, the distance between actuators 32, and therefore ports 38, and barrier 34 may vary between installations the change the force of fluid 5 string barrier 34.
[0022] From the foregoing detailed description of specific embodiments, it should be apparent that methods and devices for mitigation perforating shock that are novel have been disclosed. Although specific embodiments have been disclosed herein in some detail, this has been done solely for the purposes of describing various features and aspects, and is not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the claims. It is contemplated that various substitutions, alterations, and/or modifications, including but not limited to those implementation variations which may have been suggested herein, may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims which follow.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for mitigating the shock from the detonation of a perforating charge in a subterranean wellbore, the method comprising the steps of: disposing a mitigation tool in the wellbore; detonating the perforating charge in the wellbore; and activating the mitigation tool to create a fluid hammer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mitigation tool is positioned in the wellbore above the perforating charge.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detonating the perforation charge and the step of activating the mitigation tool are performed substantially simultaneously.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of activating the mitigation tool is performed subsequent to the step of detonating the perforating charge.
5. The method of claim 1, further including the steps of: disposing a second mitigation tool in the wellbore; and activating the second mitigation tool to create a fluid hammer, wherein the first mitigation tool and the second mitigation tool are activated at different times.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mitigation tool comprises: a body having an internal chamber; a barrier disposed proximate a bottom end of the body and in communication with the chamber; and an actuator connected with the body, the actuator adapted to open a port through the body and into the chamber when it is activated.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the actuator is an explosive.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the port has a cross-sectional area approximately that of the cross-sectional area of the chamber.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of actuators, each of the plurality of actuators opening a port through the body and into the chamber when activated.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of ports together have a cross- sectional area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the chamber.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mitigation tool comprises: a body having an internal chamber; a barrier disposed proximate a bottom end of the body and in communication with the chamber; and a plurality of explosive charges connected with the body proximate to a top end of the body, each of the plurality of explosive charges adapted to open a port through the body and into the chamber when the mitigation tool is activated.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of activating the mitigation tool comprises flooding an elongated chamber in the mitigation tool with a wellbore fluid.
13. A wellbore tool comprising: a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and an actuator connected with the body, the actuator opening a port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when activated.
14. The wellbore tool of claim 13, wherein the actuator is an explosive charge.
15. The wellbore of claim 13, wherein the actuator is positioned proximate the top end of the tubular body.
16. The wellbore tool of claim 13, wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of actuators, each of the plurality of actuators opening a port in the body and providing fluid communication with the chamber when activated.
17. The wellbore tool of claim 13, wherein the plurality of ports have a combined cross-sectional area substantially equal to a cross-section area of the chamber.
18. A wellbore tool string, the tool string comprising: a perforating gun having a plurality of explosive perforating charges; and a shock mitigation tool comprising: a tubular body having a top end, a bottom end, and a chamber; a barrier disposed proximate the bottom end in communication with the chamber; and at least one actuator connected with the body proximate to the top end of the body, the at least one actuator opening at least one port in the body providing fluid communication with the chamber when the at least one actuator is activated.
19. The tool string of claim 18, comprising a plurality of actuators, the actuators comprising explosive charges.
20. The tool string of claim 18, wherein the at least one port has a total combined cross-sectional area substantially equal to a cross-section area of the chamber.
PCT/US2009/066379 2008-12-16 2009-12-02 Mitigating perforating gun shock Ceased WO2010074902A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US12/336,494 2008-12-16
US12/336,494 US8136608B2 (en) 2008-12-16 2008-12-16 Mitigating perforating gun shock

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US20100147519A1 (en) 2010-06-17
US8136608B2 (en) 2012-03-20

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