WO2010061422A1 - 複合溶接方法と複合溶接装置 - Google Patents
複合溶接方法と複合溶接装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010061422A1 WO2010061422A1 PCT/JP2008/003491 JP2008003491W WO2010061422A1 WO 2010061422 A1 WO2010061422 A1 WO 2010061422A1 JP 2008003491 W JP2008003491 W JP 2008003491W WO 2010061422 A1 WO2010061422 A1 WO 2010061422A1
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- laser beam
- wire
- welding
- laser
- arc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
- B23K9/091—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage characterised by the circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite welding method and a composite welding apparatus for irradiating a workpiece with laser beam irradiation and arc welding.
- Laser welding has high energy density and can perform welding with high speed and narrow heat-affected zone, but if there is a gap in the object to be welded, the laser beam may come out of the gap and welding can not be performed.
- many composite welding methods have been proposed in combination with consumable electrode type arc welding.
- FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of a conventional composite welding apparatus.
- the laser generation unit 1 includes a laser oscillator 2, a laser transmission unit 3, and a focusing optical system 4.
- the condensing optical system 4 irradiates the laser beam 5 to the welding position of the object 6 to be welded.
- the laser transmission unit 3 may have a combination of an optical fiber and a lens.
- the condensing optical system 4 is composed of one or more lenses.
- the wire 7 is fed by the wire feeding unit 8 through the torch 9 to the welding position of the workpiece 6.
- the arc generating unit 10 controls the wire feeding unit 8.
- the arc generation unit 10 feeds the wire 7 toward the welding position of the workpiece 6 through the torch 9 to generate or stop the welding arc 11 between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6.
- the controller 12 controls the laser generator 1 and the arc generator 10.
- the laser oscillator 2 outputs a predetermined output value set in advance. Further, the laser oscillator 2 receives a signal of the output value set by the control unit 12 and outputs a laser beam of that size. Furthermore, in the same manner as the laser generation unit 1, the arc generation unit 10 controls its output by the control unit 12.
- the control unit 12 having received the welding start instruction sends a laser welding start signal to the laser generation unit 1 and starts irradiation of the laser beam 5.
- a welding start signal is sent to the arc generation unit 10 to start welding by starting arc discharge.
- the control unit 12 having received the welding end instruction sends a laser welding end signal to the laser generation unit 1 and ends the irradiation of the laser beam 5.
- an arc welding end signal is sent to the arc generation unit 10, and the welding is ended by ending the arc discharge.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the melting speed of an object to be welded by arranging a predetermined distance between the laser irradiation and the arc discharge so that the arc does not interfere with the laser. Further, in the case of Non-Patent Document 1, in the case as described above, the laser beam does not directly relate to the wire, and the welding current is almost the welding current of arc welding. Therefore, a technique is disclosed in which the size of the molten pool is also substantially determined by the size of the molten pool in arc welding.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for reducing arc current and reducing the size of a molten pool by arc welding by directly irradiating a wire with a laser beam.
- Patent Document 3 uses pulse arc welding for arc welding, and controls the pulse frequency of pulse arc welding according to the distance between the laser and the wire at the irradiation point of the object to be welded. A technology for improving the degree is disclosed.
- the composite welding method and the composite welding apparatus having the respective advantages described above have not been proposed. That is, the prior art can not reduce the arc energy or arc current required to melt the wire and reduce the size of the weld pool that can be formed by the welding arc. Furthermore, it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of spattering accompanied by severe evaporation of the wire end droplet. Furthermore, high laser power can not be injected into the welding position to obtain high welding speeds.
- JP 2002-346777 A JP, 2008-93718, A JP 2008-229631 A Seiji Katayama, Utsumi, Usui, Masashi Mizutani, Oh Shizuka, Koji Fujii, Penetration characteristics and porosity prevention mechanism in YAG laser / MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloys, Light metal welding, 44, 3 (2006)
- the present invention reduces the arc energy or arc current required to melt the wire, reduces the size of the weld pool that can be formed by the welding arc, and prevents spattering associated with severe evaporation of the wire end drop. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite welding method and a composite welding apparatus capable of obtaining a high welding speed by introducing a high laser power into a welding position.
- the present invention provides a composite welding method for performing arc welding with a workpiece by feeding a wire to the welding position while irradiating the first laser beam and the second laser beam to the welding position of the workpiece. And irradiating the first laser beam via the wire to the first irradiation point of the object so that the optical axis of the first laser beam intersects with the central axis of the wire, and the second laser beam.
- the second irradiation point of the object to be welded is separated by a predetermined distance from the target point at which the central axis of the wire intersects the object to be welded, and the first irradiation point, the target point and the second irradiation point are It has the composition located on the welding line of a welding thing.
- Such a configuration can reduce the arc energy or arc current required to melt the wire and reduce the size of the weld pool that can be formed by the welding arc. Furthermore, spattering accompanied by intense evaporation of the wire end droplet can be prevented. Higher welding speeds can be obtained by injecting a higher laser power into the welding position by means of the second laser beam.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a composite welding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the correlation between the laser irradiation position and the wire aiming position in the composite welding method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing operation timings of the welding arc, the first laser beam and the second laser beam in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the correlation between the laser irradiation position and the wire aiming position in the composite welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a composite welding apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another operation timing of the welding arc, the first laser beam and the second laser beam in the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the laser transmission unit and the focusing optical system of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a composite welding apparatus in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a first laser beam and a wire in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic view showing a wire end droplet in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the propagation state of the first laser beam in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11A is a view showing a change in a state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11B is a view showing a change in a state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11A is a view showing a change in a state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11C is a diagram showing a change in the state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11D is a diagram showing a change in the state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11E is a view showing a change in the state of spatter generation in the composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 11F is a view showing a change in a state of spatter generation in the composite welding device.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the bead appearance when the laser output in the composite welding apparatus is changed.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional composite welding apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a composite welding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a laser generation unit 100 includes a laser oscillator 101, a laser transmission unit 102, and a focusing optical system 103.
- the laser generator 100 irradiates the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 to the welding position of the object 6 to be welded.
- the focusing optical system 103 focuses the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 on the welding position of the object 6 to be welded.
- the laser transmission unit 102 may be a combination of an optical fiber and a lens.
- the condensing optical system 103 is composed of one or more lenses.
- the wire 7 is fed by the wire feeding unit 8 through the torch 9 to the welding position of the workpiece 6.
- the arc generating unit 10 controls the wire feeding unit 8. Furthermore, the arc generation unit 10 feeds the wire 7 toward the welding position of the workpiece 6 through the torch 9 to generate or stop the welding arc 11 between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6.
- the controller 17 controls the laser generator 100 and the arc generator 10.
- the control unit 17 may be a computer, an apparatus having an arithmetic function, a robot, or the like.
- the laser oscillator 2 outputs a predetermined output value set in advance.
- the laser oscillator 2 also receives a signal of the output value set by the control unit 17 and outputs it.
- the arc generation unit 10 controls its output by the control unit 17.
- the difference between the composite welding apparatus according to the present embodiment and the conventional composite welding apparatus shown in FIG. 13 is that in the present embodiment, the laser oscillator 101 comprises the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 13. Generating the first laser beam 14, irradiating the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 to the welding position of the object 6, and the control unit 17. It is to control.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the correlation between the laser irradiation position and the wire aiming position in the composite welding method according to the present embodiment.
- the schematic view seen from the side and the schematic view seen from the top are arranged vertically.
- the feeding tip 9 a is attached to the tip of the torch 9 and supplies power to the wire 7.
- the first laser beam 13 irradiates a first irradiation position A on the surface of the workpiece 6. That is, the first irradiation position A of the surface of the workpiece 6 is positioned on the optical axis aa ′ of the first laser beam 13.
- the second laser beam 14 irradiates a second irradiation position B on the surface of the workpiece 6.
- the second irradiation position B of the surface of the workpiece 6 is located on the optical axis bb 'of the second laser beam 14.
- the wire 7 is fed toward a target position C of the workpiece 6. That is, the aiming position C of the surface of the workpiece 6 is located on the center cc 'of the wire 7.
- the first laser beam 13 intersects the wire 7 to irradiate the first irradiation position A. That is, the laser irradiation position D of the wire 7 and the first irradiation position A of the surface of the workpiece 6 are positioned on the optical axis aa ′ of the first laser beam 13.
- the aiming position C of the surface of the workpiece 6 and the laser irradiation position D of the wire 7 are positioned on the central axis cc ′ of the wire 7.
- the laser oscillator 101, the focusing optical system 103, or the torch 9 is disposed so as to have such a positional relationship.
- the welding is performed along the welding line M1M2 on the surface of the workpiece 6 in the direction of the thick arrow.
- welding line M1 M2 is a straight line in FIG. 2, according to a welding location, it may be a curve. That is, the first irradiation position A, the second irradiation position B, and the aiming position C are positioned in this order on the welding line M1M2.
- L1 is a laser-arc distance indicating the distance between the first irradiation position A and the target position C on the surface of the object 6 to be welded.
- L2 is a laser-arc distance indicating the distance between the second irradiation position B and the target position C on the surface of the object 6 to be welded. That is, the second laser beam 14 irradiates the second irradiation position B separated from the aiming position C of the wire 7 by the predetermined distance L2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing operation timings of the welding arc 11, the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 in the composite welding method according to the present embodiment.
- the output of the second laser beam 14 is turned ON at time t1.
- the output of the welding arc 11 is turned ON.
- the output of the first laser beam 13 is turned on.
- the welding arc 11 is generated after a predetermined period ⁇ t1 has elapsed since the irradiation of the second laser beam 14 is started. Thereafter, the first laser beam 13 is irradiated after a predetermined period ⁇ t2 has elapsed.
- the reason is as follows.
- a period ⁇ t 2 from the generation of welding arc 11 to the irradiation of first laser beam 13 is a period for generating welding arc 11 without the first laser beam 13 striking wire 7.
- the first laser beam 13 irradiated to the wire 7 is not particularly defined.
- the output value of the first laser beam 13 is less than a predetermined allowable value, that is, of the wire 7. It is desirable to set so that the droplet formed at the tip does not evaporate violently even if the energy of the first laser beam 13 is absorbed. In fact, it is the power density of the first laser beam at the laser irradiation position D on the surface of the wire 7 that determines that the wire 7 absorbs the first laser beam 13 and evaporates.
- the output value of the first laser beam 13 is set by setting the power density of the first laser beam 13 at the laser irradiation position D of the wire 7 to a predetermined allowable value or less. It is possible to prevent the intense evaporation of the tip droplet. Further, in an actual welding operation, it is the power density of the first laser beam 13 irradiated to the surface of the workpiece 6 that can be directly managed. If the arrangement relationship between the first laser beam 13 and the wire 7 is determined in consideration of this, the output value of the first laser beam 13 is the first at the first irradiation position A of the object 6 to be welded. The power density of the laser beam 13 can be set to a predetermined tolerance or less to prevent the intense evaporation of the droplets at the tip of the wire 7.
- the first laser beam 13 can be formed on the wire 7. Can be irradiated directly. Thereby, the arc energy or arc current required for melting the wire 7 can be reduced, and the size of the molten pool 13 formed by the welding arc 11 can be reduced. Such limitation of the output value of the first laser beam 13 will be described later.
- the second laser beam 14 does not irradiate the wire 7 directly, its output value is not limited by the wire 7. Therefore, it is possible to set the output of the second laser beam 14 in accordance with the material and thickness of the workpiece 6 to be welded, the required welding speed, or the required bead shape. For example, welding can be performed at high speed or deep penetration by setting the output value of the second laser beam 14 high.
- the arc energy or arc current required to melt the wire 7 can be reduced, and the size of the molten pool 15 formed by the welding arc can be reduced. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of spattering accompanied by intense evaporation of the droplets at the end of the wire 7. Furthermore, high welding speed can be obtained by injecting a high laser power into the welding position by the second laser beam 14.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the correlation between the laser irradiation position and the wire aiming position in the composite welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 also shows a schematic view viewed from the side and a schematic view viewed from the top, arranged vertically. 4 is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 only in the irradiation direction and the irradiation position of the second laser beam 14, and the other is the same as FIG. That is, in the present embodiment, the second irradiation position B of the second laser beam 14 is separated from the aiming position C of the wire 7 by a predetermined distance L2.
- a straight line is formed in the order of the aiming position C, the first irradiation position A, and the second irradiation position B.
- the target position C, the first irradiation position A, and the second irradiation position B are arranged in this order on the welding line M1 M2 from the tip of the welding direction toward the original. Also in the present embodiment, it is more practical to position these three positions in a straight line.
- the first irradiation point A of the first laser beam 13 and the second irradiation point B of the second laser beam 14 are at different positions.
- the first irradiation position A of the first laser beam 13 and the second irradiation position B of the second laser beam 14 may be the same irradiation position.
- the second irradiation position B of the second laser beam 14 and the aiming position C of the wire 7 are separated by a predetermined distance L1. That is, the laser-arc distance L1 is equal to L2.
- the arc energy or arc current required to melt the wire 7 can be reduced, and the size of the molten pool 15 formed by the welding arc can be reduced. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of spattering accompanied by intense evaporation of the droplets at the end of the wire 7. Furthermore, high welding speed can be obtained by injecting a high laser power into the welding position by the second laser beam 14.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a composite welding apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the welding apparatus of the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- a laser generation unit 100 includes a laser oscillator 101, a laser transmission unit 102, and a focusing optical system 103.
- the laser generation unit 100 irradiates the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 to the welding position of the object 6 to be welded.
- the current detection unit 16 connected between the arc generation unit 10 and the workpiece 6 detects the timing of the current flowing between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6 when the welding arc 11 is generated.
- the control unit 17 receives the output signal of the current detection unit 16 and controls the laser generation unit 100 or the arc generation unit 10.
- the current detection unit 16 may be incorporated into the arc generation unit 10.
- a detection unit such as a Hall element may be used as the current detection unit 16
- a shunt may be used.
- the control unit 17 controls the laser generation unit 100 at time t1 after receiving the welding start signal, and outputs only the second laser beam 14 as indicated by a signal P2. . Thereafter, at time t2 after a predetermined period ⁇ t1 has elapsed, the arc generation unit 10 is controlled, and the wire 7 is fed from the wire feeding unit 8 toward the workpiece 6 as shown by the signal PA. Thus, a welding arc 11 is generated between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6.
- the laser generation unit 100 is controlled again to irradiate the first laser beam 13 as indicated by a signal P1.
- the control unit 17 controls the laser generation unit 100 at time t4 after receiving the welding end signal, and as shown by the signals P1 and P2, the first laser beam 13 And the irradiation of the second laser beam 14 are terminated.
- the arc generation unit 10 is controlled to end the welding arc.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another operation timing of the welding arc, the first laser beam and the second laser beam in the embodiment.
- the control unit 17 controls the arc generating unit 10 at time t2 to direct the wire 7 from the wire feeding unit 8 toward the workpiece 6 A feed arc 11 is generated between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6 as indicated by the signal PA.
- the current detection unit 16 immediately outputs a current detection signal to the control unit 17.
- the control unit 17 controls the laser generation unit 100 after receiving the current detection signal, and immediately outputs the second laser beam 14 as indicated by a signal P2. Thereafter, at time t3 when the period ⁇ t2 has elapsed, the control unit 17 controls the laser generation unit 100 to irradiate the first laser beam 13 as indicated by the signal P1.
- the operation at the end of welding is the same as the contents described in FIG. Thus, even if welding is performed at the timing as shown in FIG. 6, the same effect as in FIG. 3 can be obtained.
- the laser generation unit 100 that outputs two laser beams will be described.
- two laser beams are output from the laser oscillator 101 and collected by the laser transmission unit 102 capable of transmitting two laser beams. It is to transmit to the optical system 103.
- the condensing optical system 103 condenses the two laser beams and irradiates the workpiece 6 with the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 respectively.
- the distance between the first and second irradiation positions A and B of the object to be welded 6 of the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 is introduced from the transmission unit 102 to the condensing optical system 103. It can be adjusted by the distance between the two laser beams.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the laser transmission unit and the focusing optical system of the present invention.
- the laser transmission unit 102 includes first and second laser transmission units 102A and 102B for transmitting the first and second two laser beams 13 and 14 generated from the laser oscillator 101, respectively.
- the first and second laser transmitters 102A and 102B are spaced apart by a laser transmitter interval L0.
- the condensing optical system 103 includes a condensing optical component 103A disposed on the laser transmission unit 102 side and a condensing optical component 103B disposed on the workpiece 6 side.
- the condensing optical component 103A collimates the first and second two laser beams 13 and 14 transmitted from the laser transmission units 102A and 102B.
- the condensing optical component 103B condenses the collimated first and second two laser beams 13 and 14 at first and second irradiation positions A and B, respectively.
- the laser transmission units 102A and 102B are, for example, optical fibers.
- the focusing optics 103A, 103B are, for example, convex lenses of the same or different focal lengths. As shown in FIG. 7, the first and second irradiation positions A on the surface of the object to be welded 6 with the first and second two laser beams 13 and 14 are adjusted by adjusting the laser transmission unit spacing L0. , And B can be adjusted.
- L0 L1 + L2.
- L1 is the distance between the first irradiation position A on the surface of the object 6 to be welded of the first laser beam 13 and the aiming position C on the surface of the object 6 to be welded of the wire 7
- L2 is a distance between a second irradiation position B on the surface of the object 6 to be welded of the second laser beam 14 and a target position C on the surface of the object 6 to be welded of the wire 7.
- two laser beams generated from two laser generation units using two laser generation units 1 used in the conventional composite welding apparatus shown in FIG. Can also be used as the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14, respectively.
- Embodiments 1 to 3 described above are described using the arc welding and the arc generation unit 10, pulse arc welding or pulse MIG arc welding is used instead of the arc welding, and the arc generation unit 10 is substituted. It is also possible to use a pulse arc generator. By this, the same effect as each embodiment can be obtained, and the spatter generated at the time of welding can be reduced.
- the material of the material to be welded 6 and the wire 7 is not specified in particular, it is possible to use an aluminum alloy for both the material to be welded and the wire.
- Embodiment 4 In the present embodiment, limitation of the output value of the first laser beam 13 in the first to third embodiments will be specifically described. In the present embodiment, limiting the power density at the irradiation position D of the wire 7 of the first laser beam 13 to a power density allowable value or less will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a composite welding apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the configurations and operations similar to the contents shown in the first to third embodiments are assigned the same reference numerals and detailed explanations thereof will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described.
- a pulse arc generation unit 113 is used instead of the arc generation unit 10 of FIG. 1, and a laser oscillator 114 is used instead of the laser oscillator 101.
- an output operation unit 130 including a laser output setting unit 115, a maximum power density setting unit 117, an operation unit 116, and a display unit 118 is added.
- the laser output setting unit 115 sets the laser output value of the laser oscillator 114.
- the maximum power density setting unit 117 sets an allowable power density value at a predetermined position of the first laser beam.
- the calculation unit 116 calculates the laser output value of the laser oscillator 114 using parameters to be described later.
- the display unit 118 displays the laser output value calculated by the calculation unit 116.
- the pulse arc generation unit 113 outputs a pulse-like welding power composed of a pulse current, a base current, a pulse width and a base width, and a pulse between the wire 7 and the workpiece 6 While generating the arc 119, pulse arc welding is performed.
- the pulse arc generating portion 113 is used to ensure that one droplet can not be brought into contact with the molten pool with one pulse by the pulse arc and reliably transfer it to the welding position of the object 6 to be welded. It is because generation can be prevented more effectively.
- the laser oscillator 114 outputs the output setting value PS set by the laser output setting unit 115 as it is when the signal from the calculation unit 116 is not connected.
- output operation value PC input from operation unit 116 is output with priority.
- control unit 17 may double as the laser output setting unit 115.
- the signal of the control unit 17 is configured to be input to the calculation unit 116.
- the first laser beam 13 and the second laser beam 14 are emitted from the laser oscillator 114 toward the workpiece 6 as described in the first to third embodiments.
- the output value is not limited by the wire 7. Therefore, in the present embodiment, arithmetic control of the output value of the first laser beam 13 will be described.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the first laser beam 13 and the wire 7.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic view showing a wire end droplet.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the propagation state of the irradiation direction of the first laser beam 13 to the surface of the workpiece 6 as viewed from the side. In FIG.
- F 1 is a first irradiation point (irradiation position A) which is an intersection point of the optical axis aa ′ of the first laser beam 13 with the object 6 to be welded.
- F 2 is an irradiation point (laser irradiation position D) which is an intersection point of the optical axis aa ′ of the first laser beam 13 and the central axis cc ′ of the wire 7.
- F 3 is the aim point is the intersection of the welded object 6 of the central axis cc of the wire 7 '(target position C).
- L1 is the distance between the laser wire indicating the distance of the position F 3 aiming the irradiation position F 1.
- ⁇ L is a laser tilt angle that indicates the tilt of the optical axis aa ′ with respect to the workpiece 6.
- ⁇ W is a wire inclination angle that indicates the inclination of the central axis cc ′ with respect to the workpiece 6.
- the wire 7 receives the irradiation of the first laser beam 13 or the heating of the pulse arc 119, and a wire end droplet 20 is formed at its tip.
- F 0 is a focal point obtained when the first laser beam 13 is condensed by the condensing optical system 103.
- Z coincides with the optical axis aa ', the focal point F 0 to the origin, a coordinate axis or coordinate values propagation direction (radiation destination direction) taken in the positive direction of the first laser beam 13.
- ⁇ 0 is a focusing diameter indicating the diameter of the first laser beam 13 at the focal point F 0 (or the origin of the coordinate axis Z).
- ⁇ (Z) is the diameter of the first laser beam 13 at an arbitrary coordinate value Z. It is known that the beam diameter ⁇ (Z) has a relationship shown in Formula 1 between the focusing diameter ⁇ 0 and the coordinate value Z.
- ⁇ (Z) ⁇ 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ ⁇ Z 2 ) 1/2 (Expression 1)
- ⁇ is a constant determined by the beam quality of the first laser beam 13 and the focusing optical system 103.
- ⁇ Z is the distance between the focal point F 0 and the irradiation point F 1 and is the defocus amount of the first laser beam 13. Therefore, the beam diameter at the irradiation point F 1 is written as ⁇ ( ⁇ Z).
- the sign of the defocus amount [Delta] Z when coordinate value Z of radiation point F 1 is positive [Delta] Z is a positive value, when the coordinate value Z is negative [Delta] Z shall take a negative value. For example, in the state of FIG. 10, ⁇ Z takes a positive value.
- the operation unit 116 inputs the next parameter, performs an operation, and outputs the operation result to the laser oscillator 114 and the display unit 118 as an output operation value PC.
- the output setting value PS is the power output from the laser oscillator 101 set by the user according to the object to be welded 6 and the welding speed.
- the power density tolerance value W0 is a power density tolerance value at the irradiation position D determined by the user.
- the function is determined by the material of the wire 7 and the feeding speed of the wire 7.
- the other type is the focus diameter ⁇ 0 , the beam diameter ⁇ (Z), the defocus amount ⁇ Z, the laser-wire distance L 1, and the laser inclination angle ⁇ L obtained from the welding position vicinity 131. And the wire inclination angle ⁇ W.
- parameters obtained in the vicinity of the welding position 131 may be measured in advance according to the welding apparatus to be used.
- power density calculation value WC at radiation point F 2 of wire 7 is calculated from (Equation 3).
- Power The density may be set to the allowable value W0 or less. Then, first, the beam diameter ⁇ (F 2 ) at the irradiation point F 2 is calculated using (Equation 1) to obtain (Equation 2).
- the power density calculation value WC at the irradiation point F 2 can be determined using (Expression 3).
- the calculation unit 116 compares the power density allowance value W0 with the power density calculation value WC. As a result, when the power density calculation value WC is smaller than the power density allowable value W0, the calculation unit 116 outputs the output setting value PS as it is as the output calculation value PC to the laser oscillator 14 and the display unit 118.
- the power density calculation value WC is greater than power density allowable value W0, calculating unit 116, the output operation using the beam diameter and power density allowable value W0 at the irradiation point F 2 ⁇ (F 2) and (Equation 4)
- the value PC can be calculated.
- the operation unit 116 outputs the calculated output operation value PC to the laser oscillator 114 and the display unit 118.
- the power density calculation value WC at radiation point F 2 of wire 7 was a may be below the power density allowable value W0, the reason is as follows. Even after the wire end droplet 20 is formed on the tip of the wire 7 as shown in FIG. 9B, the wire 7 continues to receive the irradiation of the first laser beam 13 or the heating of the pulse arc 119. Therefore, the size of the wire end droplet 20 increases. When the subsequent pulse period starts, a necking occurs near the boundary between the wire end droplet 20 and the solid portion of the wire 7. During the pulse period, a necking grows, and just before or near the end of the pulse period, the wire end droplet 20 separates from the tip of the wire 7 and shifts to the welding position of the workpiece 6.
- FIGS. 11A to 11F are diagrams showing changes in a state in which wire end droplets are violently evaporated and spatter occurs when power density becomes excessive when performing pulse MIG arc welding of aluminum alloy It is. That is, FIG. 11A is a starting point, and shows a state change of sputtering at timing when time has elapsed by 1 ms. FIG. 11A shows the relative positional relationship between the actual wire end droplet 20 and the laser beam 5 at any timing during welding. In this state, although the wire end droplet 20 is irradiated with the first laser beam 13, the wire end droplet 20 has not yet been vigorously evaporated. In FIGS. 11B to 11F, it was recognized that the wire end droplet 20 was gradually and strongly evaporated upon being irradiated with the first laser beam 13 and spattered as sputter S around it.
- the experiments of FIGS. 11A to 11F were performed under the following conditions.
- the workpiece 6 is a 2 mm thick A5052 aluminum alloy
- the wire 7 is a 1.2 mm diameter A5356 aluminum alloy.
- the first laser beam 13 is a fiber laser with a focusing diameter of 0.2 mm, an output of 4.0 kW, a fiber diameter of 0.1 mm, a collimating lens focal length of 125 mm, a focusing lens focal length of 250 mm, and defocusing
- the beam diameter is 0.9 mm.
- the laser-wire distance L1 is 2 mm
- the welding speed is 4 m / min.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the bead appearance when the laser output is changed. As can be seen from rows a to d in FIG. 12, the laser output is 3.0 kW (the calculated value of the power density at the irradiation point F 2 of the wire 7 is 2.33 kW / mm 2 ) or less, around the welding position (figure Then, the bead surface was good including the cleaning area in the upper and lower periphery).
- the bead surface with the laser output is 4.0 kW (the calculated value is 3.11kW / mm 2 in the power density at the irradiation point F 2 of wire 7), a cleaning area narrows Is black and dirty.
- a large number of small-sized spatters were attached in the vicinity of the bead. Sputtering of a large number of small particles at or near the black dirt on the bead surface is the result of the wire end droplet during welding being irradiated with a laser beam and being vigorously evaporated.
- the appearance was as shown in FIGS. 11B to 11F.
- the conditions of the experiment of FIG. 12 are the same as those of FIGS. 11A to 11F.
- the wire 7 supplied to the object to be welded 6 is directly irradiated with the first laser beam 13, ie, the optical axis aa 'of the first laser beam 13 and the wire
- the first laser beam 13 and the wire 7 are disposed such that the central axis cc 'of 7 intersects.
- the power density of first laser beam 13 at laser radiation point F 2 of wire 7 by performing welding to a predetermined value or less. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of spattering accompanied by severe evaporation of the wire end droplet 20.
- pulse MIG arc welding has already been used as an example of pulse arc welding, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- this predetermined value is set by calculation using a function determined by the material of the wire 7 and the feeding speed of the wire 7.
- the material of the wire 7 when the material is different, the boiling point of the droplet 21 formed at the tip of the wire 7 changes, and the absorptivity for the first laser beam 13 also changes.
- the feeding speed of the wire 7 when the feeding speed of the wire 7 changes, the interaction time between the first laser beam 13 and the wire 7 changes. Therefore, the heating time until the wire 7 melts and reaches the boiling point also differs.
- the boiling point may greatly change depending on the amount of Mg (magnesium) contained in the wire 7. Therefore, the predetermined value may be a function of the amount of Mg contained in the wire 7.
- the predetermined value when using a 5000 series aluminum alloy wire, the predetermined value was set in the range of 0.5 to 3 kW / mm 2 , which was good. Moreover, when using the wire of 4000 series aluminum alloy, it was good to set predetermined value in the range of 0.5 to 5 kW / mm 2 .
- the power density of first laser beam 13 at laser radiation point F 2 of wire 7 was welded so that the power density of first laser beam 13 at laser radiation point F 2 of wire 7 to a predetermined value or less.
- the power density of the first laser beam 13 at the irradiation point F 1 (first irradiation position A) of the first laser beam 13 on the surface of the object 6 to be welded becomes lower than a predetermined allowable value.
- the output value of the laser beam 13 may be limited. Also in this case, as in the fourth embodiment, the power density of the first laser beam 13 can be calculated using Equations 1 to 4.
- the output value of the first of the first so the power density is equal to or less than a predetermined value of the laser beam 13 of the laser beam 13 at any irradiation point other than laser radiation point F 2 and the irradiation point F 1 It is also possible to limit. Therefore, according to the present invention, by setting the output value of the first laser beam 13 to a predetermined allowable value or less, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of spatter accompanied by intense evaporation of the wire end droplet 20.
- the present invention can prevent spatter generation accompanied by severe evaporation of the wire end droplet, it is useful for a composite welding method by irradiation of two laser beams and arc welding.
Abstract
Description
7 ワイヤ
8 ワイヤ給送部
9 トーチ
9a 給電チップ
10 アーク発生部
11 溶接アーク
15 溶融池
17 制御部
13 第1のレーザビーム
14 第2のレーザビーム
16 電流検出部
20 ワイヤ端溶滴
100 レーザ発生部
101,114 レーザ発振器
115 レーザ出力設定部
102,102A,102B レーザ伝送部
103 集光光学系
103A,103B 集光光学部品
113 パルスアーク発生部
115 レーザ出力設定部
116 演算部
117 最大パワー密度設定部
118 表示部
119 パルスアーク
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における複合溶接装置を示す模式図である。図1において、レーザ発生部100は、レーザ発振器101とレーザ伝送部102と集光光学系103とで構成される。レーザ発生部100は、第1のレーザビーム13および第2のレーザビーム14を被溶接物6の溶接位置に照射する。集光光学系103は第1のレーザビーム13および第2のレーザビーム14を被溶接物6の溶接位置に集光する。レーザ伝送部102は、光ファイバーやレンズの組み合わせ構造などが用いられる。集光光学系103は、一枚あるいは複数のレンズから構成される。ワイヤ7は、ワイヤ送給部8によってトーチ9を通して被溶接物6の溶接位置に送給される。アーク発生部10は、ワイヤ送給部8を制御する。さらに、アーク発生部10は、トーチ9を通してワイヤ7を被溶接物6の溶接位置に向かって送給し、ワイヤ7と被溶接物6の間に溶接アーク11を発生したり、停止したりするよう制御する。制御部17は、レーザ発生部100とアーク発生部10を制御する。制御部17は、コンピュータや演算機能を有する装置やロボットなどが用いられる。レーザ発振器2は、図示していないが、予め設定した所定の出力値を出力する。また、レーザ発振器2は、制御部17で設定した出力値の信号を受け、それを出力する。さらに、アーク発生部10は、レーザ発生部100と同様に、制御部17によってその出力を制御する。図1に示すように、本実施の形態の複合溶接装置と図13に示す従来の複合溶接装置との違いは、本実施の形態が、レーザ発振器101が、第1のレーザビーム13および第2のレーザビーム14を発生することと、集光光学系103が、第1のレーザビーム13および第2のレーザビーム14を被溶接物6の溶接位置に照射することと、制御部17がこれらを制御することである。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2における複合溶接方法のレーザ照射位置とワイヤ狙い位置との相関関係を示す模式図である。図4も、図2と同様に側面からみた模式図と上面から見た模式図を上下に並べて示している。図4では、図2に示した実施の形態1と比較して、第2のレーザビーム14の照射方向と照射位置のみが異なり、それ以外は図2と同様である。すなわち、本実施の形態では、第2のレーザビーム14の第2の照射位置Bはワイヤ7の狙い位置Cから所定距離L2だけ離れている。なお、狙い位置Cと第1の照射位置Aと第2の照射位置Bとの順で、直線をなす。狙い位置Cと第1の照射位置Aと第2の照射位置Bがこの順で溶接方向の先から元に向かって溶接線M1M2上に並んでいる。本実施の形態においても、これら3つの位置は直線状に位置する方が実用的である。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態3における複合溶接装置を示す模式図である。本実施の形態の溶接装置は、基本的には図1に示す実施の形態1と同様の構成を有する。図5において、レーザ発生部100は、レーザ発振器101とレーザ伝送部102と集光光学系103から構成される。レーザ発生部100は、第1のレーザビーム13と第2のレーザビーム14とを被溶接物6の溶接位置に照射する。アーク発生部10と被溶接物6との間に接続された電流検出部16は、溶接アーク11が発生するときにワイヤ7と被溶接物6との間に流れる電流のタイミングを検出する。制御部17は、電流検出部16の出力信号を入力して、レーザ発生部100またはアーク発生部10を制御する。電流検出部16はアーク発生部10の中に組み込まれてもよい。また、電流検出部16としては、ホール素子などの検出部を使用してよいが、シャントを使用してもよい。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1~3における第1のレーザビーム13の出力値の制限について具体的に説明する。本実施の形態では、第1のレーザビーム13のワイヤ7の照射位置Dにおけるパワー密度をパワー密度許容値以下になるように制限することについて説明する。
但し、ここでは、γは、第1のレーザビーム13のビーム品質と集光光学系103とで決まる定数である。ΔZは、焦点F0と照射点F1との距離で、第1のレーザビーム13のデフォーカス量である。したがって、照射点F1におけるビーム径はφ(ΔZ)と書ける。但し、デフォーカス量ΔZの符号については、照射点F1の座標値ZがプラスのときにはΔZはプラスの値を、座標値ZがマイナスのときにはΔZはマイナスの値を取るものとする。例えば、図10の状態では、ΔZがプラスの値を取る。
但し、ここでは、F1F2=L1・tan(αW)/{cos(αL)・[tan(αL)+tan(αW)]}は、照射点F1と照射点F2との間の距離である。
次に、演算部116は、パワー密度許容値W0とパワー密度演算値WCとを比較する。その結果、パワー密度演算値WCがパワー密度許容値W0より小さいと、演算部116は、出力設定値PSをそのまま出力演算値PCとして、レーザ発振器14に出力すると共に表示部118に出力する。一方、パワー密度演算値WCがパワー密度許容値W0より大きいと、演算部116は、パワー密度許容値W0と照射点F2におけるビーム径φ(F2)から(数式4)を用いて出力演算値PCを算出できる。演算部116は、演算した出力演算値PCをレーザ発振器114に出力すると共に表示部118に出力する。
溶接の際には、レーザ発振器114は演算出力値PCを出力するが、表示部118は演算出力値PCを表示する。なお、実際の溶接では、表示部118を省略しても差し支えない。
Claims (31)
- 被溶接物の溶接位置に第1のレーザビームと第2のレーザビームとを照射しながら前記溶接位置にワイヤを送給して前記被溶接物との間でアーク溶接を行う複合溶接方法であって、
前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸が交わるように前記第1のレーザビームを前記ワイヤを経由して前記被溶接物の第1の照射位置に照射し、
前記第2のレーザビームを前記ワイヤの中心軸が前記被溶接物と交わる狙い位置から所定の距離だけ離れた前記被溶接物の第2の照射位置に照射し、
前記第1の照射位置と前記第2の照射位置と前記狙い位置とが前記被溶接物の溶接線上に位置する複合溶接方法。 - 前記第1のレーザビームの出力値が、所定の許容値以下に設定された請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記第1のレーザビームの出力値が、前記被溶接物の前記第1の照射位置における前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が所定の許容値以下になるように設定される請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記第1のレーザビームの出力値が、前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸が交わる前記ワイヤの照射位置における前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が所定の許容値以下になるように設定される請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記第2のレーザビームを照射して所定の時間を経過してから前記ワイヤと前記被溶接物との間にアークを発生させ、前記アークが発生したことを検知してから前記第1のレーザビームを照射する請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記ワイヤと前記被溶接物との間にアークを発生させ、前記アークが発生したことを検知してから前記第1のレーザビームと前記第2のレーザビームを共に照射する請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記狙い位置が前記第1の照射位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向に位置し、前記第2の照射位置が前記狙い位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向に前記所定の距離だけ離れて位置する請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記狙い位置が前記第1の照射位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向に位置し、前記第2の照射位置が前記狙い位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向とは反対方向に前記所定の距離だけ離れて位置する請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記第1のレーザビームの光軸のみ前記ワイヤの中心軸と交わる請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記アーク溶接が、パルスMIGアーク溶接である請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記被溶接物および前記ワイヤは、共にアルミニウム合金である請求項1記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤの材質と前記ワイヤの送給速度とによって決められる請求項2記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記所定値は、前記アルミニウム合金の前記ワイヤに含まれるマグネシウムの量により決められる請求項11記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤが5000系のアルミニウム合金からなる場合に、前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が0.5から3kW/mm2の範囲になるように設定される請求項4記載の複合溶接方法。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤが4000系のアルミニウム合金からなる場合に、前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が0.5から5kW/mm2の範囲になるように設定される請求項4記載の複合溶接方法。
- 被溶接物の溶接位置に第1のレーザビームおよび第2とのレーザビームを照射するレーザ発生部と、トーチを介して前記溶接位置にワイヤを送給するワイヤ送給部と、前記ワイヤおよび前記被溶接物にアーク溶接のための電力を供給するアーク発生部と、前記レーザ発生部および前記アーク発生部を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記レーザ発生部は、
前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸が交わるように前記第1のレーザビームが前記ワイヤを経由して前記被溶接物の第1の照射位置を照射するように配置され、
前記第2のレーザビームが前記ワイヤの中心軸が前記被溶接物と交わる狙い位置から所定の距離だけ離れた前記被溶接物の第2の照射位置を照射するように配置され、
前記第1の照射位置と前記第2の照射位置と前記狙い位置とが前記被溶接物の溶接線上に位置するように配置された複合溶接装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1のレーザビームの出力値を、所定の許容値以下に設定する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1のレーザビームの出力値を、前記被溶接物の前記第1の照射位置における前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が所定の許容値以下になるように設定する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1のレーザビームの出力値を、前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸が交わる前記ワイヤの照射位置における前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が所定の許容値以下になるように設定する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第2のレーザビームを照射して所定の時間を経過してから前記ワイヤと前記被溶接物との間にアークを発生させ、前記アークが発生したことを検知してから前記第1のレーザビームを照射する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記ワイヤと前記被溶接物との間にアークを発生させ、前記アークが発生したことを検知してから前記第1のレーザビームと前記第2のレーザビームを共に照射する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記狙い位置が前記第1の照射位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向に位置し、前記第2の照射位置が前記狙い位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向に前記所定の距離だけ離れて位置する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記狙い位置が前記第1の照射位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向にあり、前記第2の照射位置が前記第1の照射位置よりも前記溶接位置の進行方向とは反対方向に前記所定の距離だけ離れて位置する請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記レーザ発生部は、前記第1のレーザビームの光軸のみ前記ワイヤの中心軸と交わるように配置された請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記アーク溶接が、パルスMIGアーク溶接である請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記被溶接物および前記ワイヤは、共にアルミニウム合金である請求項16記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤの材質と前記ワイヤの送給速度とによって決められる請求項17記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記所定値は、前記アルミニウム合金の前記ワイヤに含まれるマグネシウムの量により決められる請求項19記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤが5000系のアルミニウム合金からなる場合に、前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が0.5から3kW/mm2の範囲になるように設定される請求項19記載の複合溶接装置。
- 前記所定値は、前記ワイヤが4000系のアルミニウム合金からなる場合に、前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度が0.5から5kW/mm2の範囲になるように設定される請求項19記載の複合溶接装置。
- 被溶接物の溶接位置に第1のレーザビームおよび第2のレーザビームを照射するレーザ発生部と、トーチを介して前記溶接位置にワイヤを送給するワイヤ送給部と、前記ワイヤと前記被溶接物にアーク溶接のための電力を供給するパルスアーク発生部と、前記レーザ発生部および前記パルスアーク発生部を制御する制御部と、前記レーザ発生部における前記第1のレーザビームの出力を設定するレーザ出力設定部と、前記第1のレーザビームの所定位置における最大パワー密度許容値を設定する最大パワー密度設定部と、前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度演算値を演算する演算部とを備え、
前記レーザ発生部は、
前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸が交わるように前記第1のレーザビームが前記ワイヤを経由して前記被溶接物の第1の照射位置を照射するように配置され、
前記第2のレーザビームが前記ワイヤの中心軸が前記被溶接物と交わる狙い位置から所定の距離だけ離れた前記被溶接物の第2の照射位置を照射するように配置され、
前記第1の照射位置と前記第2の照射位置と前記狙い位置とが前記被溶接物の溶接線上に位置するように配置され、
前記演算部は、
前記レーザ出力設定部が設定した出力設定値と、前記最大パワー密度設定部が設定したパワー密度許容値と、前記第1のレーザビームを集光する際の焦点における集光径と、前記第1のレーザビームの焦点を原点とし前記第1のレーザビームの伝搬方向の光軸を座標軸とした任意の座標値におけるビーム径と、前記第1のレーザビームが前記被溶接物の第1の照射点を照射するときのデフォーカス量と、前記被溶接物の表面における前記第1のレーザビームの第1の照射点から前記ワイヤの狙い点までのレーザ・ワイヤ間距離と、前記第1のレーザビームの光軸の前記被溶接物の表面に対するレーザ傾斜角度と、前記ワイヤの中心軸の前記被溶接物の表面に対するワイヤ傾斜角度とからなるパラメータを用いて演算を行い、前記パラメータから算出した前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸とが交わるレーザ照射点における前記パワー密度演算値が、前記パワー密度許容値を超えたときに、前記パワー密度許容値と前記パラメータとを用いて出力演算値を演算し前記レーザ発生部に出力することにより、
前記第1のレーザビームの光軸と前記ワイヤの中心軸とが交わる点における前記第1のレーザビームのパワー密度を前記パワー密度許容値以下になるようにして溶接を行う複合溶接装置。
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EP08878380.8A EP2263823B1 (en) | 2008-11-27 | 2008-11-27 | Hybrid welding method and hybrid welding apparatus |
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JP5104945B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
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EP2263823B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
JPWO2010061422A1 (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
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