WO2010042383A2 - Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud - Google Patents
Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010042383A2 WO2010042383A2 PCT/US2009/059192 US2009059192W WO2010042383A2 WO 2010042383 A2 WO2010042383 A2 WO 2010042383A2 US 2009059192 W US2009059192 W US 2009059192W WO 2010042383 A2 WO2010042383 A2 WO 2010042383A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- interest
- gas trap
- trap
- values
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 209
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
- G01N2030/884—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds
- G01N2030/8854—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds involving hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to characterizing formation fluid present in a subsurface earth formation during drilling and more particularly to methods for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud.
- drilling fluid In oil or gas well drilling operations, drilling fluid (or "mud") is continuously circulated through the inside of the drill pipe and out the drill bit then back up to the surface.
- Drilling mud is typically made up of clays, chemical additives and an oil or water base. This fluid has several purposes: 1 ) controlling formation pressure; 2) cleaning the well bore of formation debris; 3) lubricating, cooling, and cleaning the drill bit and drill string; 4) stabilizing the well bore; and 5) limiting the loss of drilling mud to the subsurface formation.
- the circulating drilling mud removes the drill cuttings as well as formation fluid trapped in the pore space or fractures of the rock.
- the entrapped formation fluid and gases in the drilling mud are monitored in real-time at the surface.
- the recording of the measurements is called mud logging.
- Mud logging measurements can include temperature, pH, drill rate, chlorides, total hydrocarbon content, and the concentration of specific formation gas components. These logs are important as they enable the drilling operator to ascertain the presence of oil or gas in the formation being drilled. Significant measured gas increases in the drilling mud during drilling indicate oil or gas bearing zones in the formation and are known as "shows".
- a small amount of the drilling mud can be pumped through a mechanical agitation device known as a gas trap which is located at the surface.
- the purpose of the gas trap is to extract the gases from the drilling mud for measurement and analysis. Separation and quantification of the gas components, light hydrocarbon gases, is typically carried out by means of in-line gas-chromatography or gas-chromatography mass- spectrometry analysis. Gas trap sampling and analysis can be monitored continuously in real-time as part of typical mud logging activities, providing the drilling operator with real-time concentrations of the gas components per linear foot drilled for the entire depth of the well.
- GOR gas to oil ratios
- aspects of embodiments of the present invention provide a method for characterizing formation fluid present in a subsurface earth formation, including, extracting a plurality of gas components from a volume of drilling mud containing formation fluid and gases, while drilling, measuring a gas trap value for each gas component of interest, determining a gas trap response factor for each gas component of interest by dividing the gas trap value by a laboratory fluid analysis value for each gas component of interest, determining a relative response factor for each gas component of interest by dividing the gas trap response factor for each gas component of interest by the gas trap response factor for the gas component of interest with the lowest molecular weight, and calculating the corrected gas trap value for each gas component of interest by dividing the gas trap value by the relative response factor for each gas component of interest, for characterizing the formation fluid from the volume of drilling mud.
- the method further includes a method for using previously determined relative response factors for correcting gas trap values for gas components in a drilling mud, including, correcting gas trap values for each of the gas components of interest measured in surrounding wells utilizing a similar drilling fluid.
- aspects of embodiments of the invention provide a system for performing the foregoing method.
- aspects of embodiments of the invention may include a computer-readable medium encoded with computer-executable instructions for performing the foregoing method or for controlling the foregoing system.
- aspects of embodiments of the invention may include a system incorporating the foregoing system and configured and arranged to provide control of the system in accordance with the foregoing method.
- Such a system may incorporate, for example, a computer programmed to allow a user to control the device in accordance with the method, or other methods.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 2 is an example mudlog showing gas trap values for the formation gas components measured during drilling in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 4 is an example mudlog showing gas trap values for the formation gas components and calculated GOR values in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a system for performing methods in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- a method 10 for characterizing formation fluid present in a subsurface earth formation is shown.
- a plurality of formation gas components are extracted 12 from a volume of circulating drilling mud which contains formation fluid and gases.
- the formation gas components are extracted from the mud by mechanical agitation in a gas trap located at the surface.
- Gas trap values 14 for each gas component of interest is measured. Separation and quantification of the different formation gas components of interest, typically any of the light hydrocarbon gases (methane through pentane), is measured by means of an in-line gas-chromatograph or gas-chromatograph mass- spectrometer, and/or a total hydrocarbon analyzer. While the means for such an analysis is preferably a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector for hydrocarbon gases, it will be appreciated that any means for analyzing the gas mixture composition could be utilized.
- Table 1 shows correct gas trap values in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- concentration of each gas component in the drilling mud can be determined in parts per million (ppm) and percent of the total formation gases as shown in rows 1 and 2 in Table 1.
- Figure 2 shows an example mudlog 22 including real-time continuous gas trap values 24 for the formation gas components measured during drilling. Table 1
- Periodic laboratory fluid analysis measurements taken directly from the formation fluid are made in order to characterize the formation fluid. This data can then be used to calibrate or correct the gas trap values.
- the correction can consist of collecting a known volume of drilling mud at the gas trap and then distilling the sample in a steam or microwave still. The distilled gas is then measured for each gas component.
- the calibration can consist of collecting a sample of formation fluid downhole utilizing an apparatus similar to Schlumberger Limited's Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) tool or Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) tool.
- Standard pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) laboratory fluid analysis can then be carried out on the formation fluid to determine the concentration of each gas component of interest in the formation fluid. While the means for such an analysis is preferably a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector for hydrocarbon gases, it will be appreciated that any means for analyzing the gas mixture compositions could be utilized.
- the laboratory fluid analysis values indicating the concentration of each gas component in the formation fluid are determined in mole % and percent of the total formation gases as shown in rows 3 and 4 in Table 1.
- the laboratory fluid analysis values in Table 1 were established using formation fluid samples collected from a MDT run on the same well and at the same approximate depth, used to determine the gas trap values.
- the laboratory fluid analysis values are used to determine a gas trap response factor 16 for each gas component of interest as shown in row 5 of Table 1.
- the gas trap response factor can be determined by dividing the gas trap value in row 2 by the laboratory fluid analysis value in row 4 of Table 1 , for each gas component of interest.
- the relative concentrations of the different gas components extracted from the drilling fluid and collected in the head space of the gas trap are not representative of the actual gas concentrations evolving from the drilling fluid. This is largely due to the extraction efficiency of the different gas components.
- Light hydrocarbons are extracted as a function of their carbon number (volatility and solubility), i.e. methane, is extracted easier than ethane, and ethane is extracted easier than propane.
- the extraction efficiency relative to methane, or the lightest measured gas component of interest is also needed to correct the measured gas trap response factor for each gas component.
- a relative response factor is determined 18 for the gas components of interest by dividing the gas trap response factor for each gas component of interest by the gas trap response factor for the gas component with the lowest molecular weight.
- the relative response factors in row 6 are calculated using the gas trap response factor of methane, typically the lowest molecular weight gas component; however, it will be appreciated that ethane could be utilized in the absence of methane and propane could be utilized in the absence of methane and ethane.
- the corrected gas trap value for each of the gas components of interest is determined 20 by dividing the gas trap value in row 1 by the relative response factor in row 6 for each gas component of interest.
- the corrected gas trap values in row 7 and 8 are more representative of the formation fluid than the original gas trap values in rows 1 and 2 as they match the laboratory fluid analysis values in row 4. Gas trap values corrected only with laboratory fluid analysis values without correction for extraction efficiency are not as representative of the gas composition in the formation.
- the determined relative response factors shown in row 6 of Table 1 may be applied to the gas trap data for the rest of the well as shown in Table 2, to correct all the measured the gas trap values at all depths. Table 2.
- a method 30 for correcting gas trap values for gas components of interest in a drilling mud using previously determined relative response factors is shown.
- a plurality of gas components are extracted 32 from a volume of circulating drilling mud which contains formation fluid and gases.
- the gas trap values are measured 34 for the gas components of interest.
- the corrected gas trap value for each of the gas components of interest is calculated 36 by dividing each gas trap value by a previously determined relative response factor for each gas component.
- the corrected gas trap values in row 5 of Table 2 is more representative of the laboratory fluid analysis values in row 4 of Table 1 , than the measured uncorrected gas trap values in rows 1 and 2 of Table 2.
- the method utilizes available laboratory fluid analysis values to determine relative response factors for correcting gas trap values, collected during drilling, to better characterize formation fluids in zones, or at depths, where laboratory fluid analysis may not be available. It will be appreciated that previously determined relative response factors can also be utilized to correct the gas trap values measured in surrounding wells using a similar drilling fluid. Gas extracts from a water-based mud easier than an oil-based mud, therefore, the relative response factors of gas components in water-based mud are significantly higher than in oil-based mud. The method is helpful for characterizing the relative response of the gas trap in more complex drilling fluid systems, such as oil-based mud systems.
- the corrected gas trap values can be taken as representative of the gas composition of the formation fluid and used for predicting gas/oil ratios (GOR).
- GOR gas/oil ratios
- C1 ,C2, C3 denote methane, ethane and propane in molar concentration (% or ppm by mole); and C4 and C5 denote butane and pentane with all isomers being totaled in molar concentration (% or ppm by mole).
- the relative weight of oil (ReI Weight Oil) can be calculated for methane through pentane, as shown in equation (2):
- Figure 4 generally shows a method of predicting GOR using relative response factors from an adjacent well to correct gas trap values, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- Both wells have an oil based mud system.
- the mud log data 40 shows the real-time monitoring of drill rate (ROP), gamma ray (GRNORM) data, depth, corrected gas trap values for methane through pentane 42, and calculated GOR.
- the calculated GOR values 44 were calculated using previously determined relative response factors from an adjacent well as shown in Table 3.
- the calculated GOR 44 using the corrected gas trap values closely matched the reported GOR of 1136 SCF/bbl calculated directly from the laboratory fluid analysis values, as shown at depth 46 in Figure 4.
- the calculated GOR using the corrected gas trap values was 720 scfs/bbl which closely matched the reported GOR of 750 SCF/bbl calculated directly from the laboratory fluid analysis values, as shown at depth 48.
- uncorrected gas trap values are not representative of the actual gas concentrations evolving from the drilling fluid and can lead to widely divergent predictions of formation fluid properties, including GOR determinations. Accurate predictions of formation fluid properties and GOR determinations can be made using relative response factors to correct the gas trap values for gas components in a drilling mud.
- a system for performing the method is schematically illustrated in Figure 5.
- a system 50 includes a data storage device or memory 52.
- the stored data may be made available to a processor 54, such as a programmable general purpose computer.
- the processor 54 may include interface components such as a display 56 and a graphical user interface 58.
- the graphical user interface (GUI) may be used both to display data and processed data products and to allow the user to select among options for implementing aspects of the method.
- Data may be transferred to the system 50 via a bus 60 either directly from a data acquisition device, or from an intermediate storage or processing facility (not shown).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09819676.9A EP2340354A4 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
AU2009302654A AU2009302654B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
BRPI0919573A BRPI0919573A2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | methods for characterizing forming fluid present in a subsurface ground formation and for using previously determined relative response factors to correct gas trap values, and system for automatically correcting a plurality of gas trap values. |
CA2739593A CA2739593C (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
CN200980145831.5A CN102216563B (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
RU2011118473/03A RU2501947C2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Correction method of measured concentrations of gas components in drill fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/248,620 US8011238B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2008-10-09 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
US12/248,620 | 2008-10-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010042383A2 true WO2010042383A2 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
WO2010042383A3 WO2010042383A3 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
Family
ID=42097661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/059192 WO2010042383A2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-01 | Method for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8011238B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2340354A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102216563B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009302654B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0919573A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2739593C (en) |
RU (1) | RU2501947C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010042383A2 (en) |
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CN101881153A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-11-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Conventional logging information fusion visualization method and system |
CN101881153B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-03-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Conventional logging information fusion visualization method and system |
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WO2020167350A1 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Bias correction for a gas extractor and fluid sampling system |
US11480053B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2022-10-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Bias correction for a gas extractor and fluid sampling system |
WO2023278327A1 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-01-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method for estimating a quantity of a hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well, and a device and program using the method |
WO2024064788A1 (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Prediction of surface gas concentrations in drilling fluid |
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US20100089120A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
RU2501947C2 (en) | 2013-12-20 |
EP2340354A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
CN102216563B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
WO2010042383A3 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
RU2011118473A (en) | 2012-11-20 |
EP2340354A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
CA2739593A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
CA2739593C (en) | 2017-08-22 |
AU2009302654B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
AU2009302654A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
US8011238B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
BRPI0919573A2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
CN102216563A (en) | 2011-10-12 |
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