WO2010036640A2 - Compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders - Google Patents

Compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010036640A2
WO2010036640A2 PCT/US2009/057805 US2009057805W WO2010036640A2 WO 2010036640 A2 WO2010036640 A2 WO 2010036640A2 US 2009057805 W US2009057805 W US 2009057805W WO 2010036640 A2 WO2010036640 A2 WO 2010036640A2
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group
aryl
heteroaryl
alkyl
heterocyclyl
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PCT/US2009/057805
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French (fr)
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WO2010036640A3 (en
Inventor
Michael K. C. Wong
Wensheng Yu
Ling Tong
Brian J. Lavey
Bandarpalle B. Shankar
Joseph A. Kozlowski
Seong Heon Kim
Guowei Zhou
De-Yi Yang
Razia K. Rizvi
Lei Chen
Aneta Maria Kosinski
Kristen E. Rosner
Luke Fire
Judson E. Richard
Dansu Li
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Schering Corporation
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Priority to EP09792832.9A priority Critical patent/EP2346857B1/en
Priority to US13/120,730 priority patent/US8450355B2/en
Publication of WO2010036640A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010036640A2/en
Publication of WO2010036640A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010036640A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
    • C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to novel hydantoin derivatives that can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disinteg ⁇ n and metalloproteases (ADAMs) and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) and in so doing prevent the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ⁇ ), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treatment using such compounds
  • MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
  • ADAMs disinteg ⁇ n and metalloproteases
  • TACE tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme
  • Osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis are destructive diseases of articular cartilage characterized by localized erosion of the cartilage surface
  • Findings have shown that articular cartilage from the femoral heads of patients with OA, for example, had a reduced incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate over controls, suggesting that there must be an enhanced rate of cartilage degradation in OA (Mankin et al J Bone Joint Surg 52A (1970) 424-434)
  • tt is the metalloproteases that are responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix of articullar cartilage in OA and RA
  • Increased activities of coliagenases and stromelysin have been found in OA cartilage and the activity correlates with seventy of the iesion (Mankin et al Arthritis Rheum 21, 1978 7
  • MPs Metalioproteases
  • MMPs are a family of over 20 different enzymes that are involved in a variety of biological processes important in the uncontrolled breakdown of connective tissue, including proteoglycan and collagen, leading to resorption of the extracellular matrix. This is a feature of many pathological conditions, such as RA and OA, corneal, epidermal or gastric ulceration; tumor metastasis or invasion; periodontal disease and bone disease. Normally these catabolic enzymes are tightly regulated at the level of their synthesis as well as at their level of extracellular activity through the action of specific inhibitors, such as alpha-2-macroglobulins and TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of MPs), which form inactive complexes with the MMP's.
  • specific inhibitors such as alpha-2-macroglobulins and TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of MPs)
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cell-associated cytokine that is processed from a 26 kDa precursor form to a 17 kd active form. See Black R.A. "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme” lnt J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 Jan; 34(1):1-5 and Moss ML, White JM, Lambert MH, Andrews RC.'TACE and other ADAM proteases as targets for drug discovery" Drug Discov Today. 2001 Apr 1;6(8):417-426, each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • TNF- ⁇ has been shown to play a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory responses. Inappropriate or over-expression of TNF- ⁇ is a hallmark of a number of diseases, including RA, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and sepsis. Inhibition of TNF- ⁇ production has been shown to be remedita! in many preclinical models of inflammatory disease, making inhibition of TNF- ⁇ production or signaling an appealing target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs
  • TNF- ⁇ is a primary mediator in humans and animals of inflammation, fever and acute phase responses, similar to those observed during acute infection and shock Excess TNF- ⁇ has been shown to be lethal Blocking the effects of TNF- ⁇ with specific antibodies can be beneficial in a variety of conditions including autoimmune diseases such as RA (Feldman et al, Lancet (1994) 344, 1105) non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Lohmander L S et al , Arthritis Rheum 36 (1993) 1214-22) and Crohn's disease (Macdonald T et al . Clin Exp Immunol 81 (1990) 301 )
  • RA Paindman et al, Lancet (1994) 344, 1105
  • non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Lihmander L S et al , Arthritis Rheum 36 (1993) 1214-22
  • Crohn's disease Macdonald T et al . Clin Exp Immunol 81 (1990)
  • TNF- ⁇ Compounds that inhibit the production of TNF- ⁇ are therefore of therapeutic importance for the treatment of inflammatory disorders Recently it has been shown that metalloproteases, such as TACE, are capable of converting TNF- ⁇ from its inactive to active form (Gearing et al Nature, 1994 370, 555) Since excessive TNF- ⁇ production has been noted in several disease conditions also characterized by MMP-mediated tissue degradation, compounds which inhibit both MMPs and TNF- ⁇ production may also have a particular advantage in diseases where both mechanisms are involved
  • TACE enzyme, TACE before it can process TNF- ⁇ to its soluble form
  • TACE is a member of the ADAM family of type I membrane proteins and mediates the ectodomain shedding of various membrane-anchored signaling and adhesion proteins TACE has become increasingly important in the study of several diseases, including inflammatory disease, because of its rote in cleaving TNF- ⁇ from its 'stalk sequence and thus releasing the soluble form of the TNF- ⁇ protein (Black R A lnt J Biochem Cell Biol 2002 34, 1-5)
  • WO20040067996, WO2004012663, WO200274750 and WO2004024721 disclose hydantoin derivatives that are potential inhibitors of MMPs
  • PCT Publications WO2004024698 and WO2004024715 disclose sulphonamide derivatives that are potential inhibitors of MMPs
  • WO2003053941 also describe potential inhibitors of TACE and MMPs
  • TNF- ⁇ which can be useful as anti-inflammatory compounds and cartilage protecting therapeutics
  • the inhibition of TNF- ⁇ , TACE and or other MMPs can prevent the degradation of cartilage by these enzymes, thereby alleviating the pathological conditions of OA and RA as well as many other auto-immune diseases
  • the present invention provides a novel class of compounds as inhibitors of TACE, the production of TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs, aggrecanase, or any combination thereof, methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more such compounds, methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations composing one or more such compounds, and methods of treatment, prevention inhibition or amelioration of one or more diseases associated with TACE aggrecanaseTNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (I):
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with R 2 or -OR 3 , wherein R 2 is H or halo, and R 3 is H or alkyi;
  • T is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted with an R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 as shown;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O)-, -(CR 8 2 )p- and -N(R 1 )-, p is 1 to 3;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, and aryi;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R 7 ) 2 -(Q) ⁇ R 9 ;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, and halogen;
  • R 5 and R 6 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl; wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom, and said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a second five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl, wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl,
  • each R 12 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
  • the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (II):
  • T is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted with m R 5 substituents as shown;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(OJa-, -S(O)-, - ⁇ CR ⁇ 2 )p- and -N(R " )-, p is 1 to 3;
  • R ' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R ⁇ ) 2 -(Q) n R 7 ;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and halogen;
  • R 3 and R 4 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R 3 and
  • R 4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five or six-membered heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
  • each R 6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
  • T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
  • V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R 3 J 2 -(Q) n R 4 ; each R 3 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR 0 -, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O) 2 -; each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is O oM .
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted on adjacent ring atoms with R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 ; at least one of T and V is present;
  • T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
  • V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryi;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of-S-,-O-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O)-, -(CR 5 2 ⁇ p- and -N(R ' )-; p is 1 to 3;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R ⁇ ) 2 -(Q)nR 7 ;
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are substitutents on adjacent ring atoms, wherein each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, and alkoxy; each R 5 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl; each R 6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
  • R s groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryi ring;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR 8 -, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -
  • each R 8 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alky I; and n is 0 or 1
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy or deuterium; at least one of T and V is present, and at least one of T and V is substituted with 1-3 R 2 substituents;
  • T is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
  • V is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-O-. -S(O ) ? ⁇ -S(O)-, - ⁇ CR 7 2 )p- and -N(R')-: p is 1 to 3;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R ⁇ ) 2 -(Q) n R 9 ;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR D -, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O) 2 -; n is O or 1 ;
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, where said aryl or heteroaryl is u ⁇ substituted or is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy;
  • T is aryl or heteroaryl
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R ⁇ ) 2 -(Q)r,R 9 ;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR 6 -, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O) 2 -;
  • n is O or 1 ;
  • each of R 1 and R 2 is independently H or alkyl;
  • each of R 4 and R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or wherein R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are shown attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring,
  • each R 6 independently is H or alkyl
  • each R 7 independently is H, alkyl or aryl, and
  • ring A is aryl, wherein said aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R°) 2 -(Q) ⁇ R 7 ; each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 independently is H or alkyl; each R s independently is H or alkyl:
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR 6 -, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O) 2 -; and n is 0 or 1.
  • X is selected from the group consisting of -S-.-O-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O)-, -(CR r 2 ) P - and -N(R')-;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, and aryl;
  • T is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with a halo;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H or halo; each R 6 independently is H or alkyl; each R 7 independently is H, alkyl or aryl; and p is 1-3.
  • the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can be useful as inhibitors of TACE and may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with TACE, TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof.
  • the present invention provides a novel class of inhibitors of TACE 1 aggrecanase, the production of TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of the compounds, methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more such compounds, and methods of treatment, prevention or amelioration of one or more of the symptoms of inflammation
  • the present invention provides compounds which are represented by structural Formulae (I)-(IX) above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof, wherein the various moieties are as described above
  • X is -(CR 3 2 ) P ⁇
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl substituted by -OR 3 wherein R 3 is H or alkyl
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryi substituted by -OCH 3
  • ring A is aryl In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is phenyl In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is phenyl substituted by
  • ring A is phenyl substituted by -OCH 3
  • X is -(CR 8 2 ) P -, wherein R 8 is H
  • rn formula (I) X is - ⁇ CR ⁇ 2 ) p -, wherein p is 1 or 2
  • R 1 is H
  • R 4 is H
  • m formula (I), R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cycloalkyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a five-membered heterocyclyl
  • R 5 and R° together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cycloalkyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom, said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a fiv ⁇ -membered heterocyclyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cyctoalkyl comprising R 5 and R 6 and further comprising said five-membered heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of
  • formula (I), formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of Formula (IA)
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, and halo
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and halo
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro
  • the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of
  • T is heteroaryl and is represented by
  • ring A is pyridine substituted with m R 5 substituents on carbon atoms as shown
  • X is -(CR 5 2 ) P -
  • X is -(CR 2 'JIpp--,. wherein R is H
  • X is -(CR 3 6 a)p-, wherein p is 1 or 2
  • X is -(CR 6 2 ) P -, wherein p is 1
  • R is H
  • R 1 is H
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and halo In another embodiment, in formula (II), R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five or six-membered heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaikyl, benzyl, and cycloalkyl
  • R 3 and R* together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyi and cycloaikyl
  • R and R* together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaikyl benzyl, and cycloalkyl
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said alkyl substituent is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkoxy or an aryl group
  • R 3 and R* together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substitute
  • n 0 In another embodiment, in formula (II), m is 1
  • R 5 is heteroaryl In another embodiment, in formula (II), R 5 is pyrazolyl In another embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is elected from the group consisting of
  • ring B is aryl or heteroaryl substituted with an alkoxy.
  • ring B is aryl in another embodiment, in formula (til), ring B is phenyl.
  • said ring B phenyl is substituted with an alkoxy.
  • said ring B phenyl is substituted with an alkoxy, wherein said aikoxy is methoxy.
  • T aikynyi is -C ⁇ C-.
  • in formuia (Hi) V heteroaryl is pyridyt
  • R is H
  • in formula (ill) R' is H
  • the compound of formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of
  • ring A is aryl
  • T is selected from the group consisting of alkynyl and heteroaryl
  • V is aryl or heteroaryl !n another embodiment, the compound of formula (IV) is represented by formula (IVA)
  • T is selected from the group consisting of alkynyl and heteroaryl; and V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocyclyl.
  • said T alkynyl is -C ⁇ C-
  • said T heteroaryl is
  • ring B is pyridine
  • V heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl, and
  • R 3 is alkoxy In another embodiment, in formula (IV) 1 R 3 is methoxy In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R 4 is halo In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R 4 is fluoro or chloro In another embodiment, in formula (IV), X is -(CR 5 2 ) P -
  • X is -(CR 5 2 ) P -, wherein R 5 is H
  • X is -(CR 5 2 ) P -, wherein p is 1
  • the compound of formula (IV) is selected from the group consisting of
  • At least one of T and V is substituted with an R ⁇ substituent; and at least one of T and V is present, and at least one of T and V is substituted with an R 2 substituent.
  • ring A is aryl, only one of T and V is present and is heteroary! which is substituted with an R 2
  • ring A is aryl, both T and V are present,
  • T is -C ⁇ C-
  • V is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl each of which is substituted with R ⁇
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl
  • nng A is aryl or heteroaryl substituted with an alkoxy
  • ring A is phenyl substituted with an alkoxy
  • ring A is phenyl substituted with a methoxy
  • V aryl is phenyl
  • V heteroaryl is thiophenyl
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein R 7 is H
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein p is 1
  • the compound of formula (V) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P --
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein R 7 is H. In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein p is 1.
  • R' is H.
  • R is H
  • R 1 is H.
  • ring A is aryl or heteroaryl. In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, which is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy.
  • ring A is aryl
  • ring A is phenyl.
  • ring A is phenyl, which is ubstituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy.
  • ring A is phenyl, which is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro and methoxy.
  • T is heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is pyridyl.
  • T is pyridyl which is substituted with a hydroxy substttuent.
  • -NR 4 R 5 is selected from the group consisting of -NH(heteroaryl) -NH(heterocyclyl) and heterocyclyl
  • the compound of formula (Vl) is selected from the group consisting of
  • ring A is aryl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with an alkoxy in another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is aryl which is substituted with an alkoxy
  • ring A is aryl In another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is phenyl In another embodiment in formula (VII), ring A is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkoxy In another embodiment, in formula (VlI), ring A is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a methoxy
  • said T heteroaryl optionally with said five- to etght membered heterocyclyl ring is selected from the group consisting of
  • ring B is pyridyl and R 8 is H or alkyl
  • ring B pyridyl is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroaryl
  • formula (VITi 1 when said T heteroaryl, optionally with said five- to eight memDered heterocyclyl ring is
  • R is H.
  • R 1 is H.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are all H.
  • the compound of formula (VII) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -.
  • X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein R 7 is H. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), X is -(CR 7 2 ) P -, wherein p is 1. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), T is heteroaryl. In another embodiment, in formula (VMi), T is
  • ring A is pyridyl
  • T is
  • ring A is pyridyl, wherein said pyridyl is substuted with a halo.
  • Y is selected from the group consisting Of -NH 2 , -OH, and -NHC(O)NH 2 .
  • R 2 is alkyl. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII) 1 R 2 is methyl. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro.
  • the compound of formula (VIII) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of:
  • Patient includes both human and animals.
  • “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.
  • Alky means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain.
  • Preferred alky! groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain.
  • Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear aikyl chain.
  • “Lower alkyi” means a group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched.
  • suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl
  • alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain
  • Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain, and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain
  • Lower alkenyl means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched 'Alkenyl” may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, cycioalkyl, cyano, aikoxy and - S(alkyl)
  • suitable alkenyl may be unsub
  • Alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched ana comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain
  • Preferred alkyny) groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain
  • Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain
  • Lower alkynyl means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched
  • suitable aikynyS groups include ethynyl, propyrtyl 2-bufynyl and 3- methylbutynyl
  • Alkynyl may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
  • Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicychc ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms
  • the "heteroaryl” can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom
  • a nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
  • Heteroaryl' may also include a heteroaryl as defined above fused to an aryl as defined above
  • suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pynmidinyl, py ⁇ done (including N-substrtuted py ⁇ dones), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl triazolyi, 1 ,2,4-th ⁇ ad ⁇ azolyl pyrazinyl, py ⁇ dazinyt, quinoxalinyl, phthalazmyl, oxindolyl, ⁇ m ⁇ dazo[1 ,2-a]pyr ⁇ d ⁇ nyl, ⁇ m ⁇ dazo[2,1-b]th ⁇ azolyl benzofurazanyl, ind
  • heteroarvi also refers to partially saturated heteroaryl moieties suc ⁇ as, for example, tetrahydroisoqutnolyl, tetrahydroqumoiyS and the Sike "Aralkyl” or 'arylalkyl ' means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described Preferred aralkyls compns ⁇ a lower alkyl group
  • suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl 2- phenethyl and naphthalenylmethyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl
  • Alkylaryl means an alkyl-aryl- group in which the alkyl and aryl are as previously described Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group
  • Non- limitmg example of a suitable alkylaryl group is tolyl
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl
  • Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms
  • Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms
  • the cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above
  • suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like
  • suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decal ⁇ nyl
  • Cycloalkylalkyl means a cycloalkyl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core
  • suitable cycloalkylalkyls include cyclohexylmethyl, adamantylmethyl and the like
  • Cycloaikenyl means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ⁇ ng system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond
  • Preferred cycloaikenyl nngs contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms
  • the cycloaikenyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above
  • Non-limitmg examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyfs include cydopentenyi, cyctonexenyl, cyclohepta-1 ,3- ⁇ enyl, ana the like N ⁇ n-Simitirsg example of a suitable muitieycfic cycloalkenyi is norbornyteny!
  • Cycloalke ⁇ ylalkyi means a cycloalkenyi moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core.
  • suitable cycioalkenylalkyls include cyciopentenylmethyl, cyclohexenylmethyl and the like.
  • Halo or “Halogen” means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • Ring system substituent means a substituent attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system.
  • Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylaikynyl, alkylheteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio
  • Ring system substituent may also mean a single moiety which simultaneously replaces two available hydrogens on two adjacent carbon atoms (one H on each carbon) on a ring system.
  • Examples of such moiety are methylene dtoxy, ethylenedioxy, - C(CHs) 2 - and the like which form moieties such as, for example:
  • Heteroarylalkyl means a heteroaryl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core.
  • suitable heteroaryls include 2-pyridinyirnethyi, quinolinyfmethyf and the like.
  • Heterocyclyl means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or ⁇ nulticyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom
  • Any -NH in a heterocyclyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an -N(Boc), - N(CBz), -N(Tos) group and the like, such protections are also considered part of this invention
  • the heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted by one or more "
  • ⁇ eterocyclylalkyl means a heterocyclyl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core
  • suitable heterocyclylalkyls include pipe ⁇ dmylmethyl, piperazinylmethy!
  • Heterocyclenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, alone or in combination, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system Preferred heterocyclenyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclenyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom
  • the heterocyclenyl can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent" is as defined above
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycienyl can be optionally oxidized to the
  • Heterocyclenylalkyl means a heterocyclenyl moiety as defined above linked via an alky! moiety (.defined above) to a parent core It should be noted that in hetero-atom containing ring systems of this invention, there are no hydroxyl groups on carbon atoms adjacent to a N, O or S, as well as there are no N or S groups on carbon adjacent to another heteroatom. Thus, for example, in the ring:
  • Alkynylalkyl means an alkynyl-alkyl- group in which the alkynyl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred alkynylalkyls contain a lower alkynyl and a lower alkyl group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkynylalkyl groups include propargylmethyl.
  • Heteroaralkyl means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryi and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaraikyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-lirniting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyi, and quinolin-3-ylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
  • Hydroxyalkyl means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxy ⁇ thyl.
  • acyl means an H-C(O)-, alkyl-C(O)- or cycloalkyl-C(O)-, group in which the various groups are as previously described
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
  • Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl
  • suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl and propanoyl
  • Aroyl means an aryl-C(O)- group in which the aryl group is as previously described
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
  • suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- naphthoyl
  • Alkoxy means an alkyl-O- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described
  • suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy and n-butoxy
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen
  • Alkyloxy means an aralkyl-O- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyloxy groups include benzyloxy and 1- or 2-naphthalenemethoxy
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen
  • Alkylthio means an alkyl-S- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable alkylthio groups include methylthio and ethylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
  • Arylthio means an aryl-S- group in which the aryl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
  • Alkylthio means an aralkyl-S- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
  • Alkoxycarbonyl means an alkyl-O-CO- group
  • suitable aikoxycarbonyl groups include methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycaroonyS
  • Aryloxycarbonyl means an aryl-O-C(O)- group
  • suitable aryloxycarbonyl groups include phenoxycarbonyl and naphthoxycarbonyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
  • Alkoxycarbonyl means an aralkyl-O-C(O)- group
  • Non-lirniting example of a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl
  • the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
  • Alkylsulfonyl means an aikyl-SCO ⁇ )- group Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl "Arylsulfonyl” means an aryl-S(O 2 )- group The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl
  • substituted means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound
  • purified in purified form or ' in isolated and purified form ' for a compound refers to the physical state of said compound after being isolated from a synthetic process (e g from a reaction mixture), or natural source or combination thereof
  • purified in purified form or “in isolated and purified form” for a compound refers to the physical state of said compound after being obtained from a purification process or processes described herein or well known to the skilled artisan (e g chromatography, recrystallization and the like) in sufficient purity to be charact ⁇ zable by standard analytical techniques described herein or well known to the skilled artisan
  • any carbon as well as heteroatom with unsatisfied valences in the text, schemes, examples and Tables herein is assumed to have the sufficient number of hydrogen atom(s) to satisfy the valences.
  • protecting groups When a functional group in a compound is termed "protected", this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site when the compound is subjected to a reaction. Suitable protecting groups will be recognized by those with ordinary skill in the art as well as by reference to standard textbooks such as, for example, T. W. Greene ef a/, Protective Groups in organic Synthesis (1991 ), Wiley, New York.
  • variable e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R 2 , etc.
  • its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
  • the term "prodrug”, as employed herein, denotes a compound that is a drug precursor which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, both of which are inco ⁇ orated herein by reference thereto.
  • prodrug means a compound (e.g, a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to yield a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compound.
  • the transformation may occur by various mechanisms (e.g., by metabolic or chemical processes ⁇ , such as, for example, through hydrolysis in blood).
  • a prodrug can compose an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as, for example, (C f - C 8 )alkyl, (C 2 -Ci 2 )alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, N- (alkoxycarbonyl)arrunomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-
  • alkoxycarbonyl)am ⁇ o)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthal ⁇ dyl, 4- crotonolactonyl, gamma-butyrolacton-4-yl, d ⁇ -N,N-(Ci-C 2 )alkylam ⁇ no(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl (such as ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(Ci-C 2 )alkyl, N,N-d ⁇ (C 1 - C 2 )alkylcarbamoyl-(Ci-C 2 )alkyl and pipe ⁇ dino-, pyrrolidino- or morphol ⁇ no(C 2 - C 3 )alkyl, and the like
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as, for example, (Cr Ce)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-((Ci-Ce)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, 1-methyH-((Cr C e )alkanoyloxy)ethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N-(Ci-
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example, R-carbonyl, RO-carbonyl, NRR'-carbonyl where R and R' are each independently (C r Cio)alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, benzyl, or R-carbonyl is a natural ⁇ -aminoacyl or natural ⁇ - aminoacyl, -C(OH)C(O)OY 1 wherein Y 1 is H, (C r C 6 )alkyl or benzyl, — C(OY 2 )Y 3 wherein Y 2 is (C r C 4 ) alkyl and Y 3 is (Ci-C 6 )alkyi, carboxy (Ci- C ⁇ )alkyl
  • Solvate means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid.
  • Solvate encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
  • “Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O.
  • Effective amount or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound or a composition of the present invention effective in inhibiting TACE, the production of TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMS or any combination thereof and thus producing the desired therapeutic, ameliorative, inhibitory or preventative effect.
  • the compounds of Formulae Q)-(IX) can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
  • Reference to a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term "salt(s)", as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
  • a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts") may be formed and are included within the term “salt(s)" as used herein.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful.
  • Salts of the compounds of the Formulae (I)-(IX) may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
  • Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as dieyclohexyiamines, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g. methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g dimethyl, diethyl, and dibuiy!
  • sulfates long chain halides (e.g. decyl, lauryl, and stearyi chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl haiides (e g benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others
  • All stereoisomers for example, geometric isomers optical isomers and the like
  • of the present compounds including those of the salts, solvates and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts and solvates of the prodrugs
  • Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers The chira!
  • centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations
  • the use of the terms “salt”, “solvate” “prodrug” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt solvate and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers positional isomers, racemates or prodrugs of the inventive compounds
  • the present invention also embraces isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention which are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine and iodine, such as 2 H 3 H 11 C "3 C 14 C 15 N 8 O 17 O, 31 P 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 CI and 12J I, respectively
  • Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) are useful in compound and/or substrate tissue distribution assays Tritiated ( ⁇ e , 3 H) and carbon-14 ( ⁇ e , 14 C) isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability
  • Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula (I) can be useful for medical imaging purposes such as those labeled with positron-emitting isotopes like 11 C or 18 F can be useful for application in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and those labeled with gamma ray emitting isotopes like 123 I can be useful for application in Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
  • substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium ( ⁇ e , 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability (e g , increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements) and hence may be preferred in some circumstances
  • the compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties, in particular, the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can be inhibitors of TACE, aggrecanase, TNF- ⁇ and/or MMP activity
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX)
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) and additionally comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
  • the invention provides a method of treating disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, said method comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX)
  • the invention provides a use of a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) for the manufacture of a medicament to treat disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof
  • the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can have anti-inflammatory activity and/or immunomodulatory activity and can be useful in the treatment of diseases including but not limited to septic shock, haemodynamic shock sepsis syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacterial infection meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn s disease and colitis, OA and RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still's disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome, radiation damage, hyperoxic alveolar
  • the invention provides a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating the disorders associated with TACE, aggreca ⁇ ase, TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, said method comprising bringing into intimate contact at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
  • the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I)- (IX) exhibiting TACE, TNF- ⁇ , MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof inhibitory activity, including enantiomers, stereoisomers and tautomers of said compound, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or esters of said compound, said compound being selected from the compounds of structures listed in Table 1 set forth below
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF- ⁇ , MMP, ADAM or any combination thereof in a patient comprising, administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I)- (IX) in purified form
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease mediated by TACE, MMPs, TNF-a, aggrecanase, or any combination thereof in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatcd artrmtss, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, gingivitis, corneal ulceration, solid tumor growth and tumor invasion by secondary metastases, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of fever, cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, coagulation, cachexia, anorexia, alcoholism, acute phase response, acute infection, shock, graft versus host reaction, autoimmune disease and HIV infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of septic shock, haemody ⁇ amic shock, sepsis syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacterial infection, meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still s disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome radiation damage, hyperoxic alveolar injury, periodontal disease, HIV
  • the invention provides a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease (e g , Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with COPD, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (IHIX) ° r a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof in another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate ester, or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with Crohn s disease, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with psoriasis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof
  • a therapeutically effective amount of the at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof is topically administered to the patient in need of treatment for psoriasis
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis, compnsing administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with sciatica, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with complex regional pain syndrome, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof in another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with psoriatic arthritis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with multiple sclerosis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof, in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of Avonex®, Betas
  • a compound of the present invention may be coadministered or used in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) such as methotrexate, azathiop ⁇ ne, leflunomide, pencillinamine, gold salts, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and other similar drugs They may also be co-administered with or used in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as piroxicam, naproxen indomethacin, ibuprofen and the like, cycloxygenase-2 selective (COX-2) inhibitors such as Vioxx® and Celebrex®, immunosuppressives such as steroids, cyclosporin, Tacrolimus, rapamycin and the like, biological response modifiers (BRMs) such as Enbrel®, Remicade®, IL-1 antagonists, ant ⁇ -CD40, ant ⁇ -CD28, IL-10, anti-adhesion molecules and the like, and
  • Thalidomide and other small molecule inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokine production are also small molecule inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokine production.
  • a compound of the present invention may be co-administered or used in combination with an H1 antagonist for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or asthma
  • H1 antagonists may be for example, Claritin ⁇ , Cla ⁇ nex®, Allegra® or Zyrtec «f
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease mediated by TACE, MMPs, TNF- ⁇ , aggrecanase, or any combination thereof in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, biological response modifiers (BRMs), anti-inflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
  • DARDS disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
  • NSAIDs NSAIDs
  • COX-2 inhibitors COX-1 inhibitors
  • immunosuppressives biological response modifiers
  • BRMs biological response modifiers
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, gingivitis, corneal ulceration, solid tumor growth and tumor invasion by secondary metastases, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of DMARDS, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, BRMs, anti-inflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
  • a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, gingivitis, corneal ulceration
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of fever, cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, coagulation, cachexia, anorexia, alcoholism, acute phase response, acute infection, shock, graft versus host reaction, autoimmune disease, and HIV in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (i)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate ester, or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of DMARDS, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, BRMs, antiinflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
  • a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of fever, cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, coagulation, cachexia, anorexia, alcoholism, acute phase response, acute infection, shock, graft versus host reaction, autoimmune disease, and HIV in a
  • the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of septic shock, haemodynamic snock, sepsss syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacteria!
  • cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis, osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still's disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome, radiation damage, hyperoxfc alveolar injury, periodontal disease, HiV, non-insulin dependent diabetes meilitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, glaucoma, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dys
  • cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases,
  • the invention provides a method for treating RA comprising administering a compound of the Formulae (I)-(IX) i n combination with compound selected from the class consisting of a COX-2 inhibitor e g Celebrex® or V ⁇ ox ⁇ S>, a COX-1 inhibitor, e g , Feldene®, an immunosuppressive e g methotrexate or cyclosporin, a steroid e g ⁇ - m ⁇ thasone, and anti-TNF- ⁇ compound, e g Enbrei® or Remicade® a PDE IV inhibitor or other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of RA
  • the invention provides a method for treating multiple sclerosis comprising administering a compound of the Formulae (I)-(IX) m combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of Avonex®, Betaseron, Copaxone or other compounds indicated for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
  • TACE activity is determined by a kinetic assay measuring the rate of increase in fluorescent intensity generated by TACE catalyzed cleavage of an internally quenched peptide substrate (SPDL-3).
  • SPDL-3 internally quenched peptide substrate
  • the purified catalytic domain of recombinant human TACE (rhTACEc, Residue 215 to 477 with two mutations (S266A and N452Q) and a 6xHis tail) is used in the assay. It is purified from the baculovirus/Hi ⁇ cells expression system using affinity chromatography.
  • the substrate SPDL-3 is an internally quenched peptide (MCA-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Val-Arg-Ser-Ser-Ser-Dpa-Arg-NH2), with its sequence derived from the pro-TNF ⁇ cleavage site.
  • MCA is (7- Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl.
  • Dpa is N-3-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-L-2,3- diaminopropionyl.
  • a 50 ⁇ l assay mixture contains 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.3, 5 mM CaCI 2 , 100 ⁇ M ZnCI 2 , 2 % DMSO, 0.04% Methylcellulose, 30 ⁇ M SPDL-3, 70 pM rhTACEc and a test compound.
  • RhTACEc is pre-incubated with the test compound for 90 min. at 25 0 C. Reaction is started by addition of the substrate. The fluorescent intensity (excitation at 320 nm, emission at 405 nm) was measured every 45 seconds for 30 min. using a fluorospectrometer (GEMINI XS, Molecular Devices). Rate of enzymatic reaction is shown as Units per second. Effect of a test compound is shown as % of TACE activity in the absence of the compound.
  • the compounds' ability to inhibit TACE activity can also be determined in human whole blood using the assay conditions described in Example 35 below.
  • compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, f ⁇ zenges. aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs
  • Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid, binding agents, for example starch, gelatin
  • composition is also intended to encompass both the bulk composition and individual dosage units comprised of more than one (e g , two) pharmaceutically active agents such as, for example, a compound of the present invention and an additional agent selected from the lists of the additional agents descnbed herein, along with any pharmaceutically inactive excipients
  • the bulk composition and each individual dosage unit can contain fixed amounts of the afore-said "more than one pharmaceutically active agents"
  • the bulk composition is material that has not yet been formed into individual dosage units
  • An illustrative dosage unit is an oral dosage unit such as tablets pills and the like Similarly, the herein-described method of treating a patient by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also intended to encompass the administration of the afore-said bulk composition and individual dosage units
  • Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredients is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatin capsules where in the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil
  • Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions
  • excipients are suspending agents, for example, sodium carboxymethylcelluiose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-ceflulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia
  • dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitoi anhydrides, for
  • compositions of the invention may also be in the form of an o ⁇ l-tn-water emulsion
  • the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, e g , olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, e g , liquid paraffin or mixtures of these Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, e g , soy beans, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, e g polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents
  • Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example, glycerol propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable ⁇ tluent or solvent e g , as a solution m 1 3-butane diol
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution
  • sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium p or this purpose any biand fixed oil may be employed rnclud
  • the compounds for the present invention can be administered in the intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art
  • the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen
  • Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered as a suppository employing bases such as cocoa butter glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, mixtures of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol
  • the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient, the seventy of
  • dosages range from 0.1 to 1000 mg/day. Most preferably, dosages range from 0.1 to 500 mg/day.
  • the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01 to 1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 0.01 , 0.05, 0.1 , 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
  • An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.0002 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. The range is more particularly from about 0.001 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg of body weight per day.
  • the active agent of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in dividend doses of two, three or four time daily.
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
  • the compounds of the invention may be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art and as shown in the following reaction schemes and in the preparations and examples described below.
  • UV254 n ⁇ i ultraviolet light 254 nm NMR spectra were acquired on the following instruments: 400 MHZ
  • Normal phase silica gel chromatography was either accomplished on a Biotage instrument using a 60 A 12/M, 25/M, or 40/M flash cartridges, or on a Jones Flash Master Personal instrument using lsolute flash SI 5g, 10g, 2Og, 5Og, or 70 g cartridges.
  • Alkyiation of acetylene 10 with a suitable A-1 compound yields the quaternary protected amino acid derivative A-2.
  • Compound A-2 may be either cyclized into hydantoin A-4 or deprotected to acetylene A-3.
  • Introduction of the (hetero)aryl ring is readily accomplished via a Sonogashira reaction with a (hetero)arylhaiide to afford intermediates A-5 or A-6.
  • Compound A-5 is converted to A-6 by treatment with 7M ammonia in methanol solution at 80 0 C in a sealed bottle.
  • Compound A-6 may be converted to a pro-drug A-7 by treatment with a suitable alkylating agent.
  • Compound 1120 was prepared as described in Yu, Wensheng et a! Imidazolidineciione derivatives and their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0219218. Compound 1120 was converted to 1120A using the procedure of Hammarstrom, L. G. J.; Fu, Y.; Vail, S.; Hammer, R. P.; McLaughlin, L. Org. Syntheses 2005, 81, 213. LRMS calcd. 367.11 obsd 368.08.
  • Compound 1120A was converted to 1120B using the procedure of Foccella, A.;
  • 2,4-Difluoro-3-methoxy-benzoic acid was converted to compound 1140F using a sequence of reactions and a set of procedures similar to those described in
  • the detector was set at 237 nm
  • the mobile phase was 95 5 hexanes absolute ethanol at a flow rate of 50 mL/min
  • Part C A mixture of 14 (0.11 g, 0.3 mmol), 2200C (0.12g, Q.3mmol), copper iodide (0.008 g, 0.045 mmol), Pd(PPh J ) 2 CI 2 (0.005 g, 0.008 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.047 mL, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was charged into a sealed tube and purged with nitrogen (3x). The mixture was heated at 80 0 C for 12 h.
  • reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase chromatography using a 0.1% trifluoracetic acid in the aqueous mobile phase (100% water to 50% acetonotrile/water) to provide 2200D (0.09 g, 45%).
  • Part D A mixture of 2200D (0.02g, 0.047mmol), N-acetylcysteine 1 (0.02g, 0.12 mmol). 7N NH 3 ZCH 3 OH (5 mL) was charged into a sealed tube and heated at 60 0 C for 24 h. The reaction was cooled and the sumble was removed and the product was isolated by reverse phase chromatography using a 0.1% trifiuoracetic acid in the aqueous mobile phase (100 % water to 50% acetonitrile/water) to provide
  • Compound 2210C was prepared as described in Example 29.
  • Compound 2225D was prepared using the method described previously in Lavey, BJ. WO 2007/084451, Example 1087.
  • Compounds 2210C and 2225D were combined according to the procedure of Example 6 to afford Compound 2203.
  • HPLC-MS t R 2.60 min (UV 254 m ); mass calculated for formula C 2 TH 23 N 5 O 7 529.2, observed LCMS m/z 530.3 [M+H] + .
  • Compound 2217A was prepared as described in Example 14.
  • Compound 222SD was described previously in Lavey, BJ, WO 2007/084451 , Example 1087.
  • Compounds 2217A and 222SD were combined according to the procedure of Example 6 to afford Compound 2217.
  • HPLC-MS t R 2.56 min (UV 25 4nm); mass calculated for formula C 2 ZtH 2O ⁇ O 8 460.1, observed LCMS m/z 461.3 [M+Hf.
  • Compound 2218A was prepared according to the method described in Chapman, G. M.; Stanforth, S. P; Tarbit, B.; Watson, M. D. J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 12002, 581-582.
  • a microwave tube containing Compound 2218A (1.0 g, 3.2 mmol), pyrazole-3-boronic acid (426 mg, 3.82 mmol) and (Ph 3 P) 4 Pd (294 mg, 0.250 mmol) was sealed, evacuated, and placed under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • Acetonitrile (16 mL) and 1 M aq. potassium carbonate solution (16 mL) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 0 C for 2 d.
  • Compound 2225D was prepared according to the method previously reported in Lavey, B.J. WO 2007/084451 , Example 1087.
  • Aryl bromide 2224D was converted into Compound 2224 following the procedure given in Example 6. .
  • HPLC-MS t R 2.28 min (UV 2 ⁇ n m); mass calculated for formula C 26 H 27 N 5 O 5 489.2, observed LCMS m/z 490.3 [M+Hf.
  • Compound 1304B was prepared by the same method described in Part B of Example 29.
  • Compounds 2210, 2211, 2214, 2216, and 2223 were prepared by the methods described in Example 29 and Example 6.
  • Compound 2237 were prepared by the methods described in Example 31 and Example 6.
  • Compound 2238A was prepared by the method described in Example 6.
  • Compound 2239 were prepared by the methods described in Example 33 and Example 6.
  • Compound 2242 is prepared foilowing the procedure of Example 22.
  • Deuterated intermediate 14a is obtained from 6a following the procedures described in Example 2 and Example 3.
  • Compound 6a itself can be obtained following the procedure in Example 1, starting from the known compound 1a-1.
  • Compound 14a is reacted with intermediate 2200C-1 which is obtained following the procedure in Example 22 by first converting commercially ayailabie 2200A-1 to 2200 A-4 following published procedures in the following references: Garrett, Mark D.; Scott, Robin; Sheldrake, Gary N.; Dalton, Howard; Goode, Paul. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2006), 4(14), 2710-2715; Allen, C. F. H.; Thirtle, John R. USA. Organic Syntheses (1946 John Wiley & Sons, inc.; and Koch, Volker; Schnatterer, Stefan. Synthesis (1990), (6), 497-8.

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Abstract

This invention relates to compounds of the Formula (I)-(IX):, as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof, which can be useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions mediated by MMPs, ADAMs, TACE, aggrecanase, TNF- α combinations thereof.

Description

COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of priority of U S Provisional Application No 61/099,732 filed September 24, 2008, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to novel hydantoin derivatives that can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegπn and metalloproteases (ADAMs) and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) and in so doing prevent the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treatment using such compounds
Description
Osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis (OA and RA, respectively) are destructive diseases of articular cartilage characterized by localized erosion of the cartilage surface Findings have shown that articular cartilage from the femoral heads of patients with OA, for example, had a reduced incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate over controls, suggesting that there must be an enhanced rate of cartilage degradation in OA (Mankin et al J Bone Joint Surg 52A (1970) 424-434) There are four classes of protein degradative enzymes in mammalian cells serine, cysteine aspartic and metalloproteases The available evidence supports the belief that tt is the metalloproteases that are responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix of articullar cartilage in OA and RA Increased activities of coliagenases and stromelysin have been found in OA cartilage and the activity correlates with seventy of the iesion (Mankin et al Arthritis Rheum 21, 1978 761-766, Woessnβr βt al Arthritis Rheum 26 1983, 63-68 and Ibid 27, 1984, 305-312) In addition, aggrecanase (a newly identified metalloprotease) has been identified that provides the specific cleavage product of proteoglycan, found in RA and OA patients (Lohmander L. S. et al. Arthritis Rheum. 36, 1993, 1214-22).
Metalioproteases (MPs) have been implicated as the key enzymes in the destruction of mammalian cartilage and bone. It can be expected that the pathogenesis of such diseases can be modified in a beneficial manner by the administration of MP inhibitors (see Wahl et al. Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 25, 175- 184, AP, San Diego, 1990).
MMPs are a family of over 20 different enzymes that are involved in a variety of biological processes important in the uncontrolled breakdown of connective tissue, including proteoglycan and collagen, leading to resorption of the extracellular matrix. This is a feature of many pathological conditions, such as RA and OA, corneal, epidermal or gastric ulceration; tumor metastasis or invasion; periodontal disease and bone disease. Normally these catabolic enzymes are tightly regulated at the level of their synthesis as well as at their level of extracellular activity through the action of specific inhibitors, such as alpha-2-macroglobulins and TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of MPs), which form inactive complexes with the MMP's.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cell-associated cytokine that is processed from a 26 kDa precursor form to a 17 kd active form. See Black R.A. "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme" lnt J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 Jan; 34(1):1-5 and Moss ML, White JM, Lambert MH, Andrews RC.'TACE and other ADAM proteases as targets for drug discovery" Drug Discov Today. 2001 Apr 1;6(8):417-426, each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
TNF-α has been shown to play a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory responses. Inappropriate or over-expression of TNF-α is a hallmark of a number of diseases, including RA, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and sepsis. Inhibition of TNF-α production has been shown to be beneficta! in many preclinical models of inflammatory disease, making inhibition of TNF-α production or signaling an appealing target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs
TNF-α is a primary mediator in humans and animals of inflammation, fever and acute phase responses, similar to those observed during acute infection and shock Excess TNF-α has been shown to be lethal Blocking the effects of TNF-α with specific antibodies can be beneficial in a variety of conditions including autoimmune diseases such as RA (Feldman et al, Lancet (1994) 344, 1105) non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Lohmander L S et al , Arthritis Rheum 36 (1993) 1214-22) and Crohn's disease (Macdonald T et al . Clin Exp Immunol 81 (1990) 301 )
Compounds that inhibit the production of TNF-α are therefore of therapeutic importance for the treatment of inflammatory disorders Recently it has been shown that metalloproteases, such as TACE, are capable of converting TNF-α from its inactive to active form (Gearing et al Nature, 1994 370, 555) Since excessive TNF-α production has been noted in several disease conditions also characterized by MMP-mediated tissue degradation, compounds which inhibit both MMPs and TNF-α production may also have a particular advantage in diseases where both mechanisms are involved
One approach to inhibiting the harmful effects of TNF-α is to inhibit the enzyme, TACE before it can process TNF-α to its soluble form TACE is a member of the ADAM family of type I membrane proteins and mediates the ectodomain shedding of various membrane-anchored signaling and adhesion proteins TACE has become increasingly important in the study of several diseases, including inflammatory disease, because of its rote in cleaving TNF-α from its 'stalk sequence and thus releasing the soluble form of the TNF-α protein (Black R A lnt J Biochem Cell Biol 2002 34, 1-5)
There are numerous patents and publications which disclose hydrσxamate, sulphonamide, hydantoin carboxylate and/or lactam based MMP inhibitors US 6,677,355 and US 6,534,491 (B2), describe compounds that are hydroxamic acid derivatives and MMP inhibitors
US 6,495,565 discloses lactam derivatives that are potential inhibitors of MMPs and/or TNF-α PCT Publications WO2Q02/074750, WO2002/096426,
WO20040067996, WO2004012663, WO200274750 and WO2004024721 disclose hydantoin derivatives that are potential inhibitors of MMPs
PCT Publications WO2004024698 and WO2004024715 disclose sulphonamide derivatives that are potential inhibitors of MMPs PCT Publications WO2004056766, WO2003053940 and
WO2003053941 also describe potential inhibitors of TACE and MMPs
PCT Publications WO 2006/019768, WO 2007/084415, WO 2007/084451, and WO 2007/084455 refer to hydantoin derivatives that are TACE inhibitors There is a need in the art for inhibitors of MMPs, ADAMs, TACE1 and
TNF-α, which can be useful as anti-inflammatory compounds and cartilage protecting therapeutics The inhibition of TNF-α, TACE and or other MMPs can prevent the degradation of cartilage by these enzymes, thereby alleviating the pathological conditions of OA and RA as well as many other auto-immune diseases
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
!n its many embodiments, the present invention provides a novel class of compounds as inhibitors of TACE, the production of TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs, aggrecanase, or any combination thereof, methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more such compounds, methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations composing one or more such compounds, and methods of treatment, prevention inhibition or amelioration of one or more diseases associated with TACE aggrecanaseTNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions. in one embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (I):
Figure imgf000006_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with R2 or -OR3, wherein R2 is H or halo, and R3 is H or alkyi;
T is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted with an R4, R5, and R6 as shown; X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CR8 2)p- and -N(R1)-, p is 1 to 3;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, and aryi; R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)aikyi, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C{=O)heterocydyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryi, , -C(=O)O- alkyi, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyi, -C(=O)O-heterocyciyi, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R7)2-(Q)πR9; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, and halogen; R5 and R6 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R5 and R6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl; wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom, and said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a second five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl, wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl, optionally with said second five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one to four R'0 moieties; each R7 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl, each R8 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl,
R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyi, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R12)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl", "heterocyclyi", "aryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyi or heteroaryl ring; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, nitro, -OC(O)R11, -C(R11J=N-OR11, -OR", -SR", -N(R11)2 -S(O)R11. -S(O)2R11, - N(R11)S(0feRr, -N(R1VC(O)-R11, -N(R11 J-C(O)-N(R11)2 , -N(R11J-C(O)-OR11, - OC(O)N(R11)2, -C(O)N(R11J-S(O)2R11, -S(O)2N(R11)-C(0)-R11, - C(O)N(R11JC(O)R1*, -C(O)N(R11)C(O)NR11, -S(O)2N(R11J2, -N(R11)-C(=NR11)- N(R11J2, -N(R11)-C(=N-CN)-N(R11)2, -haloalkoxy, -C(O)OR11, -C(O)R11, - C(OJN(R11)2, halogen alkyl, haloaikyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycfyi, heterocyclβnyl, cycloalkenyl, and cycloafkyl, with the proviso that there are no adjancent heteroatoms in any of said R10; each R11 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haioalkyl, hydroxy, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR12-, -O- , -S-, -S(O)-, and -
S(O)2-; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is 0 or 1. In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (II):
Figure imgf000008_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: T is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted with m R5 substituents as shown;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(OJa-, -S(O)-, -{CRβ 2)p- and -N(R")-, p is 1 to 3; R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, heterocyclβnyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)alkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl. -C(=O)heteroaryl. -Cf=O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(Rβ)2-(Q)nR7; R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and halogen; R3 and R4 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R3 and
R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five or six-membered heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl; R5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl; each R6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R8)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl*, 'heterocyclyl", "aryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned Ra groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR8-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -
S(O)2-; n is O or 1; and m is 0-3.
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (III):
Figure imgf000010_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring B is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy; at least one of T and V is present;
T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl; V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)alkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyi, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R3J2-(Q)nR4; each R3 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R5)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryi, -C(=O)-O-alky!, -C(=O)-O-cycioalkyi. -C(=O)-O- heterocycfyl, ~C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-hetβroaryl, .p(=oχ-OH)z, -P(=0)(-0- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycioalkyl", "heterocyclyl", 'aryi", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycioalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR0-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is O oM .
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (IV):
Figure imgf000011_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted on adjacent ring atoms with R2, R3, and R4; at least one of T and V is present;
T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl; V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryi;
X is selected from the group consisting of-S-,-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CR5 2}p- and -N(R')-; p is 1 to 3;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyi, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryi, -C(=O)alkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(=O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(Rβ)2-(Q)nR7;
R2, R3, and R4 are substitutents on adjacent ring atoms, wherein each of R2, R3, and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, and alkoxy; each R5 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl; each R6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryi, -C(=O)N(R8)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=0)-cycloa!kyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyi'", ''heterocyclyl", "aryl", or
"heteroary!" in any of the aforementioned Rs groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryi ring; Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR8-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -
S(O)2-; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alky I; and n is 0 or 1
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (V):
Figure imgf000013_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy or deuterium; at least one of T and V is present, and at least one of T and V is substituted with 1-3 R2 substituents;
T is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
V is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-O-. -S(O )?■■ -S(O)-, -<CR7 2)p- and -N(R')-: p is 1 to 3;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl; R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyi, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)alkyi, - C(=O)cycioa!kyi, -C(=O)heterocycSy!, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, -C(O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cyc!oaikyl, -C(=0)0-heterocyclylr -C(=O)O-aryi, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(Rβ)2-(Q)nR9;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NRD-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; n is O or 1 ;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -C(=N~0H)- N(Re)2, -C(=O)NR6S(=O)2N(Re)2, -C(R6)((C=0)OR6)-heterocyciyI-C(=0)OR6, - C(R6)((C=O)N(Rβ)2)-heterocyclyl-C(=O)Oalkyl, -C(=NR6)-N(Rβ)OR6, -C(=NR6)- N(R6)-heterocyclyl, -C(=NR6)-N(Rs)-aryl, -C(=NR6)-N(R6)-heteroaryl, -C(=NR6)- N(R6J2, and -NR6-C(=S)N(Rβ)-alkyl-heterocyclyl; each R6 independently is H or alkyl; each R7 independently is H, alkyl, or aryl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R6)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=0)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl", "heterocyclyl", "aryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring.
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (Vl):
Figure imgf000015_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, where said aryl or heteroaryl is uπsubstituted or is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CRr 2)p- and -N(R')-; p is 1 to 3; Y is O or S;
T is aryl or heteroaryl;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl; R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)alkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(=O)O~ alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl. and -C(O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(Rβ)2-(Q)r,R9; Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; n is O or 1 ; each of R1 and R2 is independently H or alkyl; each of R4 and R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or wherein R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are shown attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, each R6 independently is H or alkyl, each R7 independently is H, alkyl or aryl, and
R0 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(Rβ)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryi, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-0- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said cycloalkyl' , 'heterocyclyl , ' aryl", or ' heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (VII)
Figure imgf000016_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein ring A is aryl, wherein said aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy,
T is heteroaryl, wherein when said T heteroaryl contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- to eight membereα heterocyciyS ring R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)alkyl, - C(=O)cyctoalkyl, -C(=0)heterocyelyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -Cf=O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heteracyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R°)2-(Q)πR7; each of R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently is H or alkyl; each Rs independently is H or alkyl:
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R6)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=0)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyi, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryl, -C(=O)-O-heteroary!, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl", "heterocyclyl", ''aryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R7 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; and n is 0 or 1.
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (VIII):
Figure imgf000017_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-.-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CRr 2)P- and -N(R')-; R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, and aryl;
T is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with a halo;
Y is selected from the group consisting of -OR6, -N(R6)2, and -NR6- C(=O)N(R6)2; each of R1 and R2 is independently H or alkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H or halo; each R6 independently is H or alkyl; each R7 independently is H, alkyl or aryl; and p is 1-3.
In another embodiment, the present application discloses a compound represented by Formula (IX):
Figure imgf000018_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
The compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can be useful as inhibitors of TACE and may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with TACE, TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In its several embodiments, the present invention provides a novel class of inhibitors of TACE1 aggrecanase, the production of TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of the compounds, methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more such compounds, and methods of treatment, prevention or amelioration of one or more of the symptoms of inflammation
In one embodiment, the present invention provides compounds which are represented by structural Formulae (I)-(IX) above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof, wherein the various moieties are as described above
In another embodiment, in formula (I), said T(R4)(R5)(R6) is
Figure imgf000019_0001
In another embodiment, in formula (I), X is -(CR3 2)P~ In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl substituted by -OR3 wherein R3 is H or alkyl
In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is aryl or heteroaryi substituted by -OCH3
In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is aryl In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is phenyl In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is phenyl substituted by
-ORJ wherein R3 is H or alkyl.
In another embodiment, in formula (I), ring A is phenyl substituted by -OCH3
In another embodiment in formula (I }, X is -(CR8 2)P-, wherein R8 is H In another embodiment, rn formula (I), X is -{CRβ 2)p-, wherein p is 1 or 2
In another embodiment, in formula (Ij, R is H
In another embodiment, in formula (I), R1 is H
In another embodiment, in formula (I), R4 is H
In another embodiment, m formula (I), R5 and R6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cycloalkyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a five-membered heterocyclyl
In another embodiment, in formula (I), R5 and R° together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cycloalkyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom, said radicals taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a fivβ-membered heterocyclyl, wherein said five- or six-membered cyctoalkyl comprising R5 and R6 and further comprising said five-membered heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
or independently substituted with one to four R10 moieties
In another embodiment, formula (I), formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of Formula (IA)
Figure imgf000021_0002
and Formula (IB)
Figure imgf000022_0001
wherein in each of Formula (IA) and (IB), R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, and halo, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl
In another embodiment, in formula (IA) or (IB) R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and halo
In another embodiment, in formula (IA) or (IB), R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro
In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000023_0001
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, in formula (H), T is heteroaryl and is represented by
Figure imgf000024_0001
wherein ring A is pyridine substituted with m R5 substituents on carbon atoms as shown
In another embodiment, in formula (II), X is -(CR5 2)P-
In another embodiment, in formula (II), X is -(CR 2 'JIpp--,. wherein R is H
In another embodiment, in formula (II), X is -(CR 36 a)p-, wherein p is 1 or 2 In another embodiment, in formula (II), X is -(CR6 2)P-, wherein p is 1
In another embodiment, in formula (II), R is H
In another embodiment, in formula (Ii), R1 is H
In another embodiment, in formula (II), R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and halo In another embodiment, in formula (II), R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro
In another embodiment, in formula (II), R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five or six-membered heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaikyl, benzyl, and cycloalkyl
In another embodiment, in formula (II), R3 and R* together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyi and cycloaikyl In another embodiment, in formula (II), R and R* together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaikyl benzyl, and cycloalkyl In another embodiment, in formula (II), R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said alkyl substituent is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkoxy or an aryl group In another embodiment in formula (II), R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said alkyl substituent is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxymethyl and benzyl In another embodiment, in formula (II), R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a furanyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyi is cyclopropyl
In another embodiment, in formula (II), m is 0 In another embodiment, in formula (II), m is 1
In another embodiment, in formula (II), R5 is heteroaryl In another embodiment, in formula (II), R5 is pyrazolyl In another embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is elected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000026_0001
or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, in formula (111), ring B is aryl or heteroaryl.
In another embodiment, in formula (III), ring B is aryl or heteroaryl substituted with an alkoxy. in another embodiment, in formula (III), ring B is aryl in another embodiment, in formula (til), ring B is phenyl. In another embodiment, in formula (ill), said ring B phenyl is substituted with an alkoxy.
In another embodiment, in formula (III), said ring B phenyl is substituted with an alkoxy, wherein said aikoxy is methoxy. in another embodiment, in formula (Hi), T aikynyi is -C≡C-. in another embodiment, in formuia (Hi), V heteroaryl is pyridyt In another embodiment, in formula (III), R is H In another embodiment, in formula (ill), R' is H In another embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000027_0001
, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), ring A is aryl In another embodiment, in formula (IV), T is selected from the group consisting of alkynyl and heteroaryl
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), V is aryl or heteroaryl !n another embodiment, the compound of formula (IV) is represented by formula (IVA)
Figure imgf000028_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein wherein T, V,
X, R, R1, R2, R3. and R4 are as defined in Formula (IV). In another embodiment, in formula (IV):
T is selected from the group consisting of alkynyl and heteroaryl; and V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocyclyl.
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), said T alkynyl is -C≡C-, In another embodiment, in formula (IV), said T heteroaryl is
Figure imgf000028_0002
wherein ring B is pyridine.
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), said V heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl, and
Figure imgf000029_0001
each of which independently is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substittients independently selected from the group consisting Of -NH2, -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyt)2, and aminoalkyl
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), said V aryl is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substitutents selected from the group consisting of -Cf=O)NH2, -C(=O)NH(alkyl), and -C(=O)N(alkyl)2 in another embodiment, in formula (IV), R is H In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R1 is H In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R2 is halo In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R2 is fluoro or chloro
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R3 is alkoxy In another embodiment, in formula (IV)1 R3 is methoxy In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R4 is halo In another embodiment, in formula (IV), R4 is fluoro or chloro In another embodiment, in formula (IV), X is -(CR5 2)P-
In another embodiment, in formula (IV), X is -(CR5 2)P-, wherein R5 is H In another embodiment, in formula (IV), X is -(CR5 2)P-, wherein p is 1 In another embodiment, the compound of formula (IV) is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
and
Figure imgf000031_0002
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
In another embodiment, in formula (V), at least one of T and V is substituted with an R^ substituent; and at least one of T and V is present, and at least one of T and V is substituted with an R2 substituent.
In another embodiment, in formula (V): ring A is aryl, only one of T and V is present and is heteroary! which is substituted with an R2
In another embodiment, in formula (V) ring A is aryl, both T and V are present,
T is -C≡C-, and
V is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl each of which is substituted with Rκ
In another embodiment, in formula (V), at least one of T and V is substituted with an R2 substituent
In another embodiment, in formula (V), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl
In another embodiment, in formula (V), nng A is aryl or heteroaryl substituted with an alkoxy
In another embodiment, in formula (V), ring A is phenyl substituted with an alkoxy
In another embodiment, in formula (V) ring A is phenyl substituted with a methoxy
In another embodiment, in formula (V), said V aryl is phenyl
In another embodiment, in formula (V), said V heteroaryl is thiophenyl In another embodiment, in formula (V), X is -(CR7 2)P-
In another embodiment, in formula (V), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein R7 is H
In another embodiment, in formula (V), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein p is 1
In another embodiment, in formula (V), wherein R is H
In another embodiment, in formula (V), wherein R is H In another embodiment, in formula (V) wherein R1 is H
In another embodiment, in formula (V), R3 is selected from the group consisting of -C(=N-OH)-N(alkyl)2, -C(=O)NHS(=O)2NH2, -C(H)((C=O)OH>- heterocyclyl-C(=O)Oalkyl, -C(H)((C=0)(H2)-heterocyclyl-C(:=0)Oalkyl> -NH- C(=S)N(H)-alkyl-heterocyclyl, -C(=NH)NHOH, -C(=NH)-heterocyc!yl-alkyi, and - Gf=NHfNH2 In another embodiment, the compound of formula (V) is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
and
Figure imgf000035_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), X is -(CR7 2)P--
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein R7 is H. In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein p is 1.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), R' is H.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), R is H.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), R1 is H.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl. In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, which is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is aryl.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is phenyl. in another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is phenyl, which is ubstituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and alkoxy.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), ring A is phenyl, which is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro and methoxy.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), Y is O.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), T is heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is pyridyl.
In another embodiment, in formula (Vl). T is pyridyl which is substituted with a hydroxy substttuent. In another embodiment, in formula (Vl), -NR4R5 is selected from the group consisting of -NH(heteroaryl) -NH(heterocyclyl) and heterocyclyl
In another embodiment, the compound of formula (Vl) is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000036_0001
or solvate thereof
In another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is aryl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with an alkoxy in another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is aryl which is substituted with an alkoxy
In another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is aryl In another embodiment, in formula (VII), ring A is phenyl In another embodiment in formula (VII), ring A is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkoxy In another embodiment, in formula (VlI), ring A is phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a methoxy
In another embodiment, in formula (VII), said T heteroaryl, optionally with said five- to etght membered heterocyclyl ring is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000037_0001
and , wherein ring B is pyridyl and R8 is H or alkyl
In another embodiment, in formula (VII), when said T heteroaryl, optionally with said five- to eight membered heterocyclyl ring is
Figure imgf000037_0002
ring B pyridyl is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroaryl In another embodiment in formula (VITi1 when said T heteroaryl, optionally with said five- to eight memDered heterocyclyl ring is
Figure imgf000038_0001
ring B pyridyl is substituted with a pyrazolyl. In another embodiment, in formula (VII), R is H. In another embodiment, in formula (VIi), R1 is H. In another embodiment, in formula (VII)1 R2, R3, R4, and R5 are all H. In another embodiment, the compound of formula (VII) is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000038_0002
salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, in formula (VIIi), X is -(CR7 2)P-.
In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein R7 is H. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), X is -(CR7 2)P-, wherein p is 1. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), T is heteroaryl. In another embodiment, in formula (VMi), T is
Figure imgf000039_0001
wherein ring A is pyridyl.
In another embodiment, in formula (VlII), T is
Figure imgf000039_0002
wherein ring A is pyridyl, wherein said pyridyl is substuted with a halo.
In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), Y is selected from the group consisting Of -NH2, -OH, and -NHC(O)NH2.
In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), R2 is alkyl. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII)1 R2 is methyl. In another embodiment, in formula (VIII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and fluoro.
In another embodiment, the compound of formula (VIII) is selected from the group consisting of:
salt or solvate thereof.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
As used above, and throughout this disclosure, the following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings:
"Patient" includes both human and animals.
"Mammal" means humans and other mammalian animals.
"Alky!" means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alky! groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear aikyl chain. "Lower alkyi" means a group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched. The aikyl group may be substituted by one or more substituβnts which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of hato, alkyl aryl heteroaryl, cycioalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, oxime (e g , =N-OH), - NH(alkyl), -NH(cydoalkyl), -N(alky!)2, -O-C(O)-alkyl, -O-C(O)-aryl, -0-C(O)- cycioalkyl, carboxy and -C(O)O-alkyl Non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl
"Alkenyl" means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain, and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain "Lower alkenyl" means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched 'Alkenyl" may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, cycioalkyl, cyano, aikoxy and - S(alkyl) Non-limiting examples of suitable alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, octenyl and decenyl "Alkyjene ' means a difunctional group obtained by removal of a hydrogen atom from an alkyl group that is defined above Non-limiting examples of alkylene include methylene, ethylene and propylene
"Alkynyl" means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched ana comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain Preferred alkyny) groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain "Lower alkynyl" means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched Non-limiting examples of suitable aikynyS groups include ethynyl, propyrtyl 2-bufynyl and 3- methylbutynyl Alkynyl" may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and cycloalkyl "Aryl" means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms The aryl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl
"Heteroaryl" means an aromatic monocyclic or multicychc ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms The "heteroaryl" can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom A nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. 'Heteroaryl' may also include a heteroaryl as defined above fused to an aryl as defined above Non- iimiting examples of suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pynmidinyl, pyπdone (including N-substrtuted pyπdones), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl triazolyi, 1 ,2,4-thιadιazolyl pyrazinyl, pyπdazinyt, quinoxalinyl, phthalazmyl, oxindolyl, ιmιdazo[1 ,2-a]pyrιdιnyl, ιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazolyl benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, thienopyndyl, quinazolinyl, thienopyπmidyl, pyrrolopyπdyl imidazopyridyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoazamdolyl, 1 ,2,4-trιazιnyl, benzothiazoly! and the like The term heteroarvi" also refers to partially saturated heteroaryl moieties sucπ as, for example, tetrahydroisoqutnolyl, tetrahydroqumoiyS and the Sike "Aralkyl" or 'arylalkyl ' means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described Preferred aralkyls compnsβ a lower alkyl group Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl 2- phenethyl and naphthalenylmethyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl
"Alkylaryl" means an alkyl-aryl- group in which the alkyl and aryl are as previously described Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group Non- limitmg example of a suitable alkylaryl group is tolyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl "Cycloalkyl" means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms The cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like Non-limiting examples of suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalιnyl, norbornyl, adamantyl and the like
"Cycloalkylalkyl" means a cycloalkyl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core Non-limiting examples of suitable cycloalkylalkyls include cyclohexylmethyl, adamantylmethyl and the like
"Cycloaikenyl" means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic πng system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond Preferred cycloaikenyl nngs contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms The cycloaikenyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above Non-limitmg examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyfs include cydopentenyi, cyctonexenyl, cyclohepta-1 ,3-αιenyl, ana the like Nøn-Simitirsg example of a suitable muitieycfic cycloalkenyi is norbornyteny! "Cycloalkeπylalkyi" means a cycloalkenyi moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core. Non-limiting examples of suitable cycioalkenylalkyls include cyciopentenylmethyl, cyclohexenylmethyl and the like. "Halo" or "Halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
Preferred are fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
"Ring system substituent" means a substituent attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system. Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylaikynyl, alkylheteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -O-C(O)-alkyl, -O-C(O)-aryi, -0-C(O)- cycloalkyl, -C(=N-CN)-NH2, -C(=NH)-NH2, -C(=NH)-NH(alkyi), oxime (e.g., =N- OH), -NYiY2, -alkyl-NYiY2, -C(O)NYiY2, -SO2NY1Y2 and -SO2NY1Y2, wherein Y1 and Y2 can be the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, and aralkyl. "Ring system substituent" may also mean a single moiety which simultaneously replaces two available hydrogens on two adjacent carbon atoms (one H on each carbon) on a ring system. Examples of such moiety are methylene dtoxy, ethylenedioxy, - C(CHs)2- and the like which form moieties such as, for example:
Figure imgf000048_0001
"Heteroarylalkyl" means a heteroaryl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaryls include 2-pyridinyirnethyi, quinolinyfmethyf and the like. "Heterocyclyl" means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or πnulticyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom Any -NH in a heterocyclyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an -N(Boc), - N(CBz), -N(Tos) group and the like, such protections are also considered part of this invention The heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substrtuents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein The nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dιoxιde Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include pipeπdyl, pyrrolidinyl piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1 ,4-dιoxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, lactam, lactone, and the like "Heterocyclyl' also includes heterocyclyl rings as described above wherein =O replaces two available hydrogens on the same ring carbon atom Example of such moiety is pyrrolidone
Figure imgf000049_0001
Ηeterocyclylalkyl" means a heterocyclyl moiety as defined above linked via an alkyl moiety (defined above) to a parent core Non-limiting examples of suitable heterocyclylalkyls include pipeπdmylmethyl, piperazinylmethy! and the like "Heterocyclenyl" means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, alone or in combination, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system Preferred heterocyclenyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclenyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom The heterocyclenyl can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent" is as defined above The nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycienyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S S-dioxide Non- limiting examples of suitable heterocyclenyl groups include 1,2,34- tetrahydrapyπdinyl 1 ,2-dιhydropyrιdιnyl, 1 ,4-dιhydropyπdιnyl, 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyπdmyl, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrιmιdιnyl, 2-pyrrolιnyl, 3-pyrrolιnyl, 2- imidazolinyl, 2-pyrazolιnyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, 3,4-dιhydro-2H-pyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, fluorodihydrofuranyl, 7-oxabιcyclo[2 2 1]heptenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, dirtydrothiopyranyi, and the like 'Heterocyclenyl" also includes heterocyclenyl rings as described above wherein =O replaces two available hydrogens on the same ring carbon atom Example of such moiety is pyrrolidinone
Figure imgf000050_0001
Heterocyclenylalkyl means a heterocyclenyl moiety as defined above linked via an alky! moiety (.defined above) to a parent core It should be noted that in hetero-atom containing ring systems of this invention, there are no hydroxyl groups on carbon atoms adjacent to a N, O or S, as well as there are no N or S groups on carbon adjacent to another heteroatom. Thus, for example, in the ring:
Figure imgf000051_0001
there is no -OH attached directly to carbons marked 2 and 5.
It should also be noted that tautomeric forms such as, for example, the moieties:
Figure imgf000051_0002
are considered equivalent in certain embodiments of this invention.
"Alkynylalkyl" means an alkynyl-alkyl- group in which the alkynyl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred alkynylalkyls contain a lower alkynyl and a lower alkyl group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkynylalkyl groups include propargylmethyl.
"Heteroaralkyl" means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryi and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaraikyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-lirniting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyi, and quinolin-3-ylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
"Hydroxyalkyl" means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyεthyl. "Acyl" means an H-C(O)-, alkyl-C(O)- or cycloalkyl-C(O)-, group in which the various groups are as previously described The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl Non-limiting examples of suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl and propanoyl "Aroyl" means an aryl-C(O)- group in which the aryl group is as previously described The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl Non-limiting examples of suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- naphthoyl
"Alkoxy" means an alkyl-O- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described Non-iimiting examples of suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy and n-butoxy The bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen
"Aryloxy" means an aryl-O- group in which the aryl group is as previously described Non-limrting examples of suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy The bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen
"Aralkyloxy" means an aralkyl-O- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyloxy groups include benzyloxy and 1- or 2-naphthalenemethoxy The bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen "Alkylthio" means an alkyl-S- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable alkylthio groups include methylthio and ethylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
"Arylthio" means an aryl-S- group in which the aryl group is as previously described Non-limiting examples of suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
"Aralkylthio" means an aralkyl-S- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur
"Alkoxycarbonyl" means an alkyl-O-CO- group Non-limiting examples of suitable aikoxycarbonyl groups include methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycaroonyS The bond to the parent moiety ss through the carbonyi "Aryloxycarbonyl" means an aryl-O-C(O)- group Non-limiting examples of suitable aryloxycarbonyl groups include phenoxycarbonyl and naphthoxycarbonyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
"Aralkoxycarbonyl" means an aralkyl-O-C(O)- group Non-lirniting example of a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl
"Alkylsulfonyl" means an aikyl-SCO∑)- group Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl "Arylsulfonyl" means an aryl-S(O2)- group The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl
The term substituted' means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound
Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds By ' stable compound' or 'stable structure" is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent
The term "optionally substituted ' means optional substitution with the specified groups, radicals or moieties
The term "purified", "in purified form" or ' in isolated and purified form ' for a compound refers to the physical state of said compound after being isolated from a synthetic process (e g from a reaction mixture), or natural source or combination thereof Thus, the term "purified" "in purified form" or "in isolated and purified form" for a compound refers to the physical state of said compound after being obtained from a purification process or processes described herein or well known to the skilled artisan (e g chromatography, recrystallization and the like) in sufficient purity to be charactβπzable by standard analytical techniques described herein or well known to the skilled artisan It should also be noted that any carbon as well as heteroatom with unsatisfied valences in the text, schemes, examples and Tables herein is assumed to have the sufficient number of hydrogen atom(s) to satisfy the valences. When a functional group in a compound is termed "protected", this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site when the compound is subjected to a reaction. Suitable protecting groups will be recognized by those with ordinary skill in the art as well as by reference to standard textbooks such as, for example, T. W. Greene ef a/, Protective Groups in organic Synthesis (1991 ), Wiley, New York.
When any variable (e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R2, etc.) occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formulae (I)-(IX), its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein. The term "prodrug", as employed herein, denotes a compound that is a drug precursor which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a salt and/or solvate thereof. A discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, both of which are incoφorated herein by reference thereto. The term "prodrug" means a compound (e.g, a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to yield a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compound. The transformation may occur by various mechanisms (e.g., by metabolic or chemical processes}, such as, for example, through hydrolysis in blood A discussion of the use of prodrugs is provided by T Higuchi and W. Stella, 'Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," VoI 14 of the A C S Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987
For example, if a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compound contains a carboxylic acid functional group, a prodrug can compose an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as, for example, (Cf- C8)alkyl, (C2-Ci2)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1- (alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, N- (alkoxycarbonyl)arrunomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-(N-
(alkoxycarbonyl)amιπo)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthalιdyl, 4- crotonolactonyl, gamma-butyrolacton-4-yl, dι-N,N-(Ci-C2)alkylamιno(C2-C3)alkyl (such as β-dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(Ci-C2)alkyl, N,N-dι (C1- C2)alkylcarbamoyl-(Ci-C2)alkyl and pipeπdino-, pyrrolidino- or morpholιno(C2- C3)alkyl, and the like
Similarly, if a compound of Formula Q)-(IX) contains an alcohol functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as, for example, (Cr Ce)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-((Ci-Ce)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, 1-methyH-((Cr Ce)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N-(Ci-
C6)a!koxycarbonylamtnomethyl, succinoyl, (CrC6)alkanoyl, α-ammo(Cr COaikanyl, arylacyl and α-amιnoacyl, or α-aminoacyl-u-aminoacyl, where each α-amιnoacyl group is independently selected from the naturally occurring L- ammo acids P(O)(OH)2, -P(OKO(CrC6)alkyl)2 or glycosyi (the radical resulting from trie removal ot a hydroxy! group of the hemiacetal form of a carbohydrate), and the like If a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) incorporates an amine functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example, R-carbonyl, RO-carbonyl, NRR'-carbonyl where R and R' are each independently (CrCio)alkyl, (C3-C7) cycloalkyl, benzyl, or R-carbonyl is a natural α-aminoacyl or natural α- aminoacyl, -C(OH)C(O)OY1 wherein Y1 is H, (CrC6)alkyl or benzyl, — C(OY2)Y3 wherein Y2 is (CrC4) alkyl and Y3 is (Ci-C6)alkyi, carboxy (Ci- Cβ)alkyl, amino(CrC4)alkyl or mono-N — or di-N,N-(Ci-Ce)alkyiaminoalkyl, — C(Y4)Y5 wherein Y4 is H or methyl and Y5 is mono-N— or di-N, N-(C1- C6)alkylamino morpholino, piperidin-1-yl or pyrrolidin-1-yl, and the like.
"Solvate" means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate" encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. "Hydrate" is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H2O. "Effective amount" or "therapeutically effective amount" is meant to describe an amount of compound or a composition of the present invention effective in inhibiting TACE, the production of TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMS or any combination thereof and thus producing the desired therapeutic, ameliorative, inhibitory or preventative effect.
The compounds of Formulae Q)-(IX) can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention. Reference to a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated. The term "salt(s)", as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases. In addition, when a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts") may be formed and are included within the term "salt(s)" as used herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful. Salts of the compounds of the Formulae (I)-(IX) may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonaf.es, fumarates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates, tartarates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates (also known as tosylates,) and the like. Additionally, acids which are generally considered suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically useful salts from basic pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, for example, by P. Stahl et al, Camiile G. (eds.) Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Properties, Selection and Use. (2002) Zurich: Wiley- VCH; S. Berge era/, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1) 1-19; P. Gould, International J. of Pharmaceutics (1986) 33 201-217; Anderson et al, The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (1996), Academic Press, New York; and in The Orange Book (Food & Drug Administration, Washington, D. C. on their website). These disclosures are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as dieyclohexyiamines, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like. Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g. methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g dimethyl, diethyl, and dibuiy! sulfates), long chain halides (e.g. decyl, lauryl, and stearyi chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl haiides (e g benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others
All such acid salts and base salts are intended to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention and all acid and base salts are considered equivalent to the free forms of the corresponding compounds for purposes of the invention
Compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX), and salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof may exist in their tautomeric form (for example, as an amide or imino ether) All such tautomeric forms are contemplated herein as part of the present invention
All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds (including those of the salts, solvates and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts and solvates of the prodrugs), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomenc forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeπc forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention, as are positional isomers (such as for example, 4-pyπdyl and 3-pyπdyl) Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers The chira! centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations The use of the terms "salt", "solvate" "prodrug" and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt solvate and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers positional isomers, racemates or prodrugs of the inventive compounds
The present invention also embraces isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention which are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine and iodine, such as 2H 3H 11C "3C 14C 15N 8O 17O, 31P 32P, 35S, 18F, 36CI and 12JI, respectively
Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) (e g , those labeled with 3H and 14C) are useful in compound and/or substrate tissue distribution assays Tritiated (ι e , 3H) and carbon-14 (ι e , 14C) isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula (I) can be useful for medical imaging purposes such as those labeled with positron-emitting isotopes like 11C or 18F can be useful for application in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and those labeled with gamma ray emitting isotopes like 123I can be useful for application in Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (ι e , 2H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability (e g , increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements) and hence may be preferred in some circumstances Additionally, isotopic substitution at a site where epimenzation occurs may slow or reduce the epimeπzation process and thereby retain the more active or efficacious form of the compound for a longer period of time lsotopically labeled compounds of Formula (I), in particular those containing isotopes with longer half lives (T1/2 >1 day), can generally be prepared by following procedures analogous to those disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples herein below, by substituting an appropriate isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent Polymorphic forms of the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) and of the salts, solvates and prodrugs of the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) are intended to be included in the present invention
The compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties, in particular, the compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can be inhibitors of TACE, aggrecanase, TNF-α and/or MMP activity In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) and additionally comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, said method comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX)
In another aspect, the invention provides a use of a compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) for the manufacture of a medicament to treat disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof
The compounds of Formulae (I)-(IX) can have anti-inflammatory activity and/or immunomodulatory activity and can be useful in the treatment of diseases including but not limited to septic shock, haemodynamic shock sepsis syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacterial infection meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn s disease and colitis, OA and RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still's disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome, radiation damage, hyperoxic alveolar injury periodontal disease, HIV non-msulin dependent diabetes meilitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, glaucoma, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinal disease, scleroderma, osteoporosis, renal ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, cerebral ischemia, nephritis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, cryptogenic fibrosing aveolitis, psoriasis, transplant rejection atopic dermat'is vasculitis allergy, seasonal allergic rhinitis, reversibfe ainwav obstruction aduit respiratory distress syndrome asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or bronchitis It is contemplated that a compound of this invention may be useful in treating one or more of the diseases listed
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating the disorders associated with TACE, aggrecaπase, TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof, said method comprising bringing into intimate contact at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I)- (IX) exhibiting TACE, TNF-α, MMPs, ADAMs or any combination thereof inhibitory activity, including enantiomers, stereoisomers and tautomers of said compound, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or esters of said compound, said compound being selected from the compounds of structures listed in Table 1 set forth below In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating disorders associated with TACE, aggrecanase, TNF-α, MMP, ADAM or any combination thereof in a patient comprising, administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I)- (IX) in purified form
In another aspect the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease mediated by TACE, MMPs, TNF-a, aggrecanase, or any combination thereof in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatcd artrmtss, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, gingivitis, corneal ulceration, solid tumor growth and tumor invasion by secondary metastases, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of fever, cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, coagulation, cachexia, anorexia, alcoholism, acute phase response, acute infection, shock, graft versus host reaction, autoimmune disease and HIV infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of septic shock, haemodyπamic shock, sepsis syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacterial infection, meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still s disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome radiation damage, hyperoxic alveolar injury, periodontal disease, HIV1 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellrtus, systemic lupus erythematosus, glaucoma, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinal disease, scleroderma, osteoporosis, renal ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke cerebral ischemia, nephritis, hepatitis glomerulonephritis cryptogenic fibrosing aveolitls transplant rejector1, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, allergy seasonal allergic rhinitis, reversible airway obstruction, adult respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn s disease, and ulcerative colitis, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of
Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease (e g , Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with COPD, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (IHIX) °r a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof in another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate ester, or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with Crohn s disease, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with psoriasis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof In specific embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of the at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof is topically administered to the patient in need of treatment for psoriasis
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis, compnsing administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with sciatica, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with complex regional pain syndrome, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof in another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with psoriatic arthritis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease associated with multiple sclerosis, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof, in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of Avonex®, Betaseron Copaxone or other compounds indicated for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Additionally, a compound of the present invention may be coadministered or used in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) such as methotrexate, azathiopπne, leflunomide, pencillinamine, gold salts, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and other similar drugs They may also be co-administered with or used in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as piroxicam, naproxen indomethacin, ibuprofen and the like, cycloxygenase-2 selective (COX-2) inhibitors such as Vioxx® and Celebrex®, immunosuppressives such as steroids, cyclosporin, Tacrolimus, rapamycin and the like, biological response modifiers (BRMs) such as Enbrel®, Remicade®, IL-1 antagonists, antι-CD40, antι-CD28, IL-10, anti-adhesion molecules and the like, and other anti-inflammatory agents such as p38 kinase inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, other chemically different TACE inhibitors, chemokine receptor antagonists,
Thalidomide and other small molecule inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokine production
Also, a compound of the present invention may be co-administered or used in combination with an H1 antagonist for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or asthma Suitable H1 antagonists may be for example, Claritin©, Claπnex®, Allegra® or Zyrtec«f
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease mediated by TACE, MMPs, TNF-α, aggrecanase, or any combination thereof in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, biological response modifiers (BRMs), anti-inflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, gingivitis, corneal ulceration, solid tumor growth and tumor invasion by secondary metastases, neovascular glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of DMARDS, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, BRMs, anti-inflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of fever, cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, coagulation, cachexia, anorexia, alcoholism, acute phase response, acute infection, shock, graft versus host reaction, autoimmune disease, and HIV in a patient, comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (i)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate ester, or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of DMARDS, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, BRMs, antiinflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a condition or disease selected from the group consisting of septic shock, haemodynamic snock, sepsss syndrome, post ischaemic reperfusion injury, malaria, mycobacteria! infection, meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancers such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis, osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, adult Still's disease, ureitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcehe disease, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis sciatica, complex regional pain syndrome, radiation damage, hyperoxfc alveolar injury, periodontal disease, HiV, non-insulin dependent diabetes meilitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, glaucoma, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinal disease, scleroderma, osteoporosis, renal ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, cerebral ischemia, nephritis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, cryptogenic fibrosing aveolitis, transplant rejection, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, allergy, seasonal allergic rhinitis, reversible airway obstruction, adult respiratory distress syndrome asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis in a patient comprising administering to the patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formulae (I)-(IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or isomer thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of DMARDS, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, BRMs, antiinflammatory agents and H1 antagonists
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating RA comprising administering a compound of the Formulae (I)-(IX) in combination with compound selected from the class consisting of a COX-2 inhibitor e g Celebrex® or VιoxχιS>, a COX-1 inhibitor, e g , Feldene®, an immunosuppressive e g methotrexate or cyclosporin, a steroid e g β- mβthasone, and anti-TNF-α compound, e g Enbrei® or Remicade® a PDE IV inhibitor or other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of RA In another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating multiple sclerosis comprising administering a compound of the Formulae (I)-(IX) m combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of Avonex®, Betaseron, Copaxone or other compounds indicated for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
TACE activity is determined by a kinetic assay measuring the rate of increase in fluorescent intensity generated by TACE catalyzed cleavage of an internally quenched peptide substrate (SPDL-3). The purified catalytic domain of recombinant human TACE (rhTACEc, Residue 215 to 477 with two mutations (S266A and N452Q) and a 6xHis tail) is used in the assay. It is purified from the baculovirus/Hiδ cells expression system using affinity chromatography. The substrate SPDL-3 is an internally quenched peptide (MCA-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Val-Arg-Ser-Ser-Ser-Dpa-Arg-NH2), with its sequence derived from the pro-TNFα cleavage site. MCA is (7- Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl. Dpa is N-3-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-L-2,3- diaminopropionyl.
A 50 μl assay mixture contains 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.3, 5 mM CaCI2, 100 μM ZnCI2, 2 % DMSO, 0.04% Methylcellulose, 30 μM SPDL-3, 70 pM rhTACEc and a test compound. RhTACEc is pre-incubated with the test compound for 90 min. at 250C. Reaction is started by addition of the substrate. The fluorescent intensity (excitation at 320 nm, emission at 405 nm) was measured every 45 seconds for 30 min. using a fluorospectrometer (GEMINI XS, Molecular Devices). Rate of enzymatic reaction is shown as Units per second. Effect of a test compound is shown as % of TACE activity in the absence of the compound.
The compounds' ability to inhibit TACE activity can also be determined in human whole blood using the assay conditions described in Example 35 below.
The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, fσzenges. aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid, binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed They may also be coated by the technique described in U S Pat Nos 4,256,108, 4,166,452, and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for controlled release
The term pharmaceutical composition is also intended to encompass both the bulk composition and individual dosage units comprised of more than one (e g , two) pharmaceutically active agents such as, for example, a compound of the present invention and an additional agent selected from the lists of the additional agents descnbed herein, along with any pharmaceutically inactive excipients The bulk composition and each individual dosage unit can contain fixed amounts of the afore-said "more than one pharmaceutically active agents" The bulk composition is material that has not yet been formed into individual dosage units An illustrative dosage unit is an oral dosage unit such as tablets pills and the like Similarly, the herein-described method of treating a patient by administering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also intended to encompass the administration of the afore-said bulk composition and individual dosage units
Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredients is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatin capsules where in the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil
Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions Such excipients are suspending agents, for example, sodium carboxymethylcelluiose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-ceflulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitoi anhydrides, for example, polyethylene sorbitan monooleate The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example, ethyl or n-propyl, p- hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example, arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in mineral oil such as liquid paraffin The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be aαded to provide a palatable oral preparation THesβ compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic aαd Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above Additional excipients e g , sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents may also be present
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of an oιl-tn-water emulsion The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, e g , olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, e g , liquid paraffin or mixtures of these Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, e g , soy beans, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, e g polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents
Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example, glycerol propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable αtluent or solvent e g , as a solution m 1 3-butane diol Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution In addition, sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium por this purpose any biand fixed oil may be employed rncluding synthetic mono- or cliglycerides in addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid finα use in the preparation of iπjectables Compounds of the invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug The compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols
For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc , containing the compounds of the invention are employed (For purposes of this application, topical application shall include mouthwashes and gargles ) The compounds for the present invention can be administered in the intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered as a suppository employing bases such as cocoa butter glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, mixtures of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient, the seventy of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the renal and hepatic function of the patient and the particular compound thereof employed A physician or veteπnanan of ordinary skili can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of tne drug required to prevent, counter, arrest or reverse the progress of the condition Optimal precision in achieving concentration of drug within the range that yields efficacy without toxicity requires a regimen based on the kinetics of the drug s availability to target sites This involves a consideration of the distribution equilibrium and elimination of a drug Preferably doses of the compound of Formulae (S;-(iX) useful in the method of the present invention range from 0.01 to 1000 mg per day. More preferably, dosages range from 0.1 to 1000 mg/day. Most preferably, dosages range from 0.1 to 500 mg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01 to 1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 0.01 , 0.05, 0.1 , 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.0002 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. The range is more particularly from about 0.001 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg of body weight per day.
Advantageously, the active agent of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in dividend doses of two, three or four time daily.
The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route or administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
The compounds of the invention may be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art and as shown in the following reaction schemes and in the preparations and examples described below.
EXAMPLES
General
The following abbreviations are used in the procedures and scher
ACN Acetonitrile
AcOH Acetic acid
Aq Aqueous
BINAP 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1 , 1 '-binaphthalene
BOC tert-Butoxycarbonyl
BOC-ON [2-(tert-butoxycarbonyloxyimino)-2-phenylacetonitrilj
BOC2O BOC Anhydride
C degrees Celsius
Calcd Calculated
CBZCI Benzyl chloroformate
CDI Carbonyldiimidazole dba Dibenzylidineacetone
DBU 1 ,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
DCE 1 ,2-Dichloroethane
DCM Dichloromethane
DEAD Diethyl azodicarboxylate
(DHQ)2PHAL Hydroquinine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diether
DIAD Diisopropylazodicarboxylate
DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine
DMA N,N-Dimethyfacetamide
DMAP 4-Dtmethy!aminopyridine
DME Dimethoxyethane
DMF Dimethylformamide
DMFDMA N,N-Dimethylformamide dimethyiacetal
DMPU 1 ,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1h)-pyrimidinone
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide dppf 1 ,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene EDCI 1 -(S-DimethylaminopropyiJ-S-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
El Electron ionization
Eq Equivalents
EtOAc Ethyl acetate
EtOH Ethanol
F-TEDA 1-chloromethyl-4'fluoro-1 ,4-dιazonιabιcyclo[2 2,2]octane bιs(tetrafluoroborate) g grams h hours
1H proton
HATU N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-0-(7-Azabenzotπazol-1-yl)Uronium hexafluorophosphate
Hex hexanes
HOBT 1 -Hydroxybenzotriazole
HPLC High pressure liquid chromatography
LAH Lithium aluminum hydride
LCMS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy
LDA Lithium diisopropylamide
LHMDS Lithium hexamethyldisilazide
M Molar mmoi milimolar mCPBA metø-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid
Me Methyl
MeCN Acetonitriie
MeOH Methanol mm Minutes mg Milligrams
MHZ Megahertz mL Milliliter
MPLC Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatograpπy
MS Mass Spectroscopy N Normal
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NBS N-Bromosuccintmide
NCS N-Chlorosuccinimide
NiS N-lodosuccinimide nm nanometers
NMM N-Methylmorpholine
NMP 1 -methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Obsd Observed
ON Overnight
PCC Pyridinium Chiorochromate
Ph Phenyl
PTLC Preparative thin layer chromatography
PyBop (Benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate
PyBrOP Bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
Pyr Pyridine
RT Room temperature
SEM 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl sgc Silica gel 60 chromatography soln Solution tBOC tert-Butoxycarbonyl
TACE TNF-alpha converting enzyme
TEA Triethylamine
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
THF Tetrahydrofuran
TLC Thin layer chromatography
TMS Trimethylsilyl tR Retention time
UV254 nτi ultraviolet light 254 nm NMR spectra were acquired on the following instruments: 400 MHZ
NMR (Bruker), 500 MHZ NMR (Bruker), 400 MHz NMR (Varian), 300 MHZ
NMR (Varian) using CD3OD, CDCI3 or DMSOd6 as solvents. LC-MS data were obtained using a PESciex API 150EX quadropole mass spectrometer using electroscopy ionization.
Purification via reverse phase chromatography (Gilson) was accomplished using a C18 reverse phase column with a gradient of (0.1 % formic acid) 5:95 to 90:10 acetonitrile:water, at a flow rate of 14 mL/min. Samples were collected using UV detection. Alternatively an ISCO Companion with (0.1 % formic acid) 5:95 to 95:5 acetonitrile:water, at a flow rate = 10 - 55 mL/min.
Normal phase silica gel chromatography was either accomplished on a Biotage instrument using a 60 A 12/M, 25/M, or 40/M flash cartridges, or on a Jones Flash Master Personal instrument using lsolute flash SI 5g, 10g, 2Og, 5Og, or 70 g cartridges.
Scheme A:
Figure imgf000078_0001
Alkyiation of acetylene 10 with a suitable A-1 compound yields the quaternary protected amino acid derivative A-2. Compound A-2 may be either cyclized into hydantoin A-4 or deprotected to acetylene A-3. Introduction of the (hetero)aryl ring is readily accomplished via a Sonogashira reaction with a (hetero)arylhaiide to afford intermediates A-5 or A-6. Compound A-5 is converted to A-6 by treatment with 7M ammonia in methanol solution at 80 0C in a sealed bottle. Compound A-6 may be converted to a pro-drug A-7 by treatment with a suitable alkylating agent.
Scheme B:
Figure imgf000079_0001
Alkylation of acetylene 10 with a suitable A-1 compound yields the quaternary protected amino acid derivative A-2 Compound A-2 may be either cychzed into hydantoin A-4 or deprotected to acetylene A-3 Conversion of the acetylene moiety to a fused biaryl ring is readily accomplished via a Sonogashira reaction with a (hetero)aryihalιde to afford intermediates B-5 or B- 6 Compound B-5 is converted to B-6 by treatment with 7M ammonia in methanol solution at 800C in a sealed bottle Compound B-6 may be converted to a pro-drug B-7 by treatment with a suitable alkylating agent
Example 1
Figure imgf000080_0001
Part A
Compound 1 (200 g, 81 61 mmol), tπmethylboroxine (13 36 mL, 97 93 mmol) Pd(dppf)CI2 (1 0 g, 1 36 mmol), dioxane (350 mL), water (50 mL), and cesium carbonate (22 5 g, 163 mmol) were stirred at 110 0C (oil bath) under nitrogen for 16 hours After cooling, the solid was removed by filtration The solution was concentrated and purified by sgc (10 1 EtOAc/hexanes) to give 2 (12 1 g, 80%)
Part B
Compound 2 (44 g, 24 2 mmol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (80 mL) and N-bromosuccimmide (448 g 24 2 mmoi) and benzoyl peroxide (276 mg, 1.13 mmoi) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 hours and then solids were filtered and washed with ether. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to provide the desired product 3 (6.1 g, 98%).
Part C:
Compound 3 (32.0 g, 124.0 mmol) was dissolved in 7 M ammonia in MeOH (150 mL) and stirred in a sealed pressure flask at 600C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethyl acetate and stirred for 30 minutes. The solids were filtered and dissolved in methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to provide the desired product 4 (13.5 g, 67%).
Part D:
Compound 4 (2.2 g, 13.4 mmol) was dissolved in THF (250 mL) and DMPU (40 mL). Sodium t-butoxide (1.55 g, 16.13 mmol) was added and stirred for 5 hours. Chloromethylpivalate (3.0 mL, 20.1 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (SiO2, 25% ethyl acetate/hexanes) afforded the desired product 5 (2.5 g, 67%).
Part E:
Compound 5 (288 rrtg, 1.04 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (5 mL) and cooled in an ice bath. Bromotrimethylsilane (0.3 mL, 2.08 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred in the ice bath for 30 minutes followed by 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and re-dissolved in methylene chloride (2 mL) Hexanes (8 rnL) was added and the solids were filtered to provide the desired product 6 (218 mg. 83%).
Example 2:
Figure imgf000082_0001
Part A:
Glyoxylic acid monohydrate (20.0 g, 218 mmol) and methyl carbamate (16.3 g, 218 mmol) were dissolved in diethyl ether (200 ml_) and stirred overnight. The solids were filtered to provide the desired product 7 (32.0 g, 98%).
Part B:
Compound 7 (32.0 g, 214 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (200 ml_) and cooled in an ice bath. Concentrated sulfuric acid (8 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to provide compound 8 that was used without purification (27.O g, 71%).
Part C: Compound 8 (27.0 g, 152 mmol) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (700 mL). Phosphorus pentachloride (50 g, 240 mmol) was added and the suspension was stirred for 18 hours (solution became clear over time). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was stirred in petroleum ether (500 mL) overnight. The soiids were filtered to provide compound 9 with no need for purification (26 5 g, 96%) Trituration step was repeated if mass yield was too high
Part D Compound 9 (150 g, 82 7 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (140 mL) and cooled in an ice bath Bιs(trιmethylsιlyl)acetylene (15 O g 882 mmol) was added in methylene chloride (20 mL) Freshly crushed aluminum chloride (11 0 g, 82 7 mmol) was added in portions over 20 minutes The reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and stirred overnight The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and slowly quenched with water The organic layer was washed several times with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated The residue was triturated/recrystallized from hexanes to provide the desired product 10 (14 8 g, 69%) HPLC-MS tR = 1 84 mm (ELSD), mass calculated for formula CI0H1TNO4SI 243 09, observed LCMS m/z 244 1 (M+H)
Part E
Compound 10 (24 0 g, 98 7 mmol) and compound 6 (25 1 g, 99 0 mmol) were dissolved in THF (300 mL) and cooled to -78 0C A 1 M solution of LIHMDS (198 mL, 198 mmol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours Saturated ammonium chloride solution was added slowly and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated Purification by column chromatography (SiO2, 33% ethyl acetate/hexanes to 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) afforded the desired product 11 (26 0 g, 63%) HPLC-MS tR = 1 90 mm (UV254 nm), mass calculated for formula C2OH26N2O6Si 418 15, observed LCMS m/z 419 2 (M+H)
Part F The two isomers were separated using a chiral OD column One gram of material was injected into the column and the two peaks were separated by using a solvent mixture of 85% hexanes/ethanoi The second isomer was the desired compound 12 (400 mg, 80%)
Part G
Compound 12 (80 g, 19 1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (250 mL) and cooled to O0C Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 M in THF, 22 9 mL, 22 9 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water The organic layer was washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide compound 13 (5 8 g, 88%) The product was used without purification
Example 3
Figure imgf000084_0001
Part A
Compound 12 (1 26 g, 30 mmol) in 7 M ammonia in methanol (20 mL) was heated to 85 0C in a pressure bottle overnight The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford 14 (900 mg, 100%) which was used without further purification HPLC-MS tR = 1 00 mm (UV254 m), mass calculated for formula C15H13N3O4 299 09, observed LCMS m/z 300 1 (M+H)
Example 4:
Figure imgf000085_0001
Part A:
Compound 15 (50.8 g, 298.65 mmol) and 16 (55.55 g, 313.58 mmol) were pre- mixed as solids and added to a concentrated sulfuric acid (150 mL) at 10 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 10-15 0C for 2-3 hours. The reaction mixture was slowly added to ice water (800 mL) with good stirring. The reaction fiask was rinsed with concentrated sulfuric acid and wash was added to the ice water. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (2x) and dried at 50 0C under vacuum to afford compound 17 (>100% by weight).
Part B:
To a solution of compound 17 (298.65 mmoi) in DMF (1 L) was added sequentially cesium carbonate (127 g, 388.24 mmol) and methyl iodide (22.3 mL, 358.38 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (800 ml) and ethyl acetate (800 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with bnne. dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum The crude reaction product was used without further purification
Part C The crude product 18 was dissolved in methanol (1 L) and hydrazine hydrate (29 ml, 597 3 mmol) was added The reaction mixture was stirred with a mechanical stirrer and heated to reflux for 3 hours The reaction mixture was initially a suspension which cleared upon heating As the reaction progressed a precipitate formed The reaction mixture was cooled and the precipitate was collected by filtration The solids were washed with methanol and the combined filtrate was reduced in volume to approximately 300 mL The additional precipitate was collected by filtration and combined with the above solids The solids were stirred with potassium carbonate solution (1 M, 200 mL) for 15 minutes and filtered This washing process was repeated with another portion of potassium carbonate solution (1 M 150 ml) The solids were then washed with hydrochloric acid (2 M, 150 ml) for 15 minutes and filtered This washing process was repeated with another portion of hydrochloric acid (1 M 150 ml) and the solid was rinsed with water The potassium carbonate solution was extracted with ethyl acetate twice The ethyl acetate washes were combined with the methanol filtrate, washed with brine dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated The residue was washed with potassium carbonate solution (1 M, 20 mL) and hydrochloric acid (2 M 20 mL) The additional solid was rinsed with water and combined with above solid It was dried under vacuum at 50 UC for overnight to give compound 19 (47 87 g 88 5% from compound 15)
Part D
To a 3 L three neck flask was added compound 19 (61 07 g, 337 11 mmol) sodium t-butoxide (389 g, 404 5 mmol 1 2 eq ) and DMPU (1500 mL) The suspension was stirred with a mechanic st'rrer ard gently warmed with a heat gun untii a clear solution appeared The solution was cooied to 00C ana chioromethyl pivalate was added slowly with a syringe The reaction mixture was stirred at 00C for three hours, diluted with H2O (1 5 L) and EtOAc (1 5 L) and the layers were separated The organic layer was washed with H2O (500 mL x 4) brine (500 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuum The product was purified by silica gel chromatography
(Hexane/EtOAc 2 1 to 1 1 to 0 1 ) to afford compound 20 (7798 g, 78 3%)
Part E
Compound 20 (70 97 g, 240 32 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2CI2 (1 L) The solution was cooled to 0 0C and TMSBr (37 3 mL, 288 39 mmol) was added via syringe The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for two hours and concentrated in vacuum at 250C The residue was stirred with Hexane (500 mL) for 15 mm, filtered, and πnsed with hexane (60 mL x 2) The Hexane filtrate was concentrated in volume to approximately 100 mL and the additional solid was filtered, rinsed with hexane (10 mL x 2), and combined with above solid The solid was dried under vacuum for overnight to give compound 21 (64 81 g, 98 4%)
Part F To a flamed dried flask was added compound 21 (1 13 g, 4 11 mmol), compound 10 (1 0 g, 4 11 mmol), and anhydrous THF (25 mL) The solution was cooled to -780C and LiHMDS (8 63 mL, 8 63 mmol) was added via syringe The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 0C for two hours, diluted with saturated NH4CI solution (30 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) After warming up to room temperature the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) once The organic layers were combined and TBAF (1 M in THF, 7 mL, 7 mmol) was added The solution was stirred at 250C for 10 mm, washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuum The product was purified by silica gel chromatography cHexane/EtOAc 2 1 to 1 1 to 0 1 Ho afford the racemafe of corppound 22 (89"1 mg, 59 5%) The racemic mixture was separated using SFC conditions (20% MeOH/CO∑, 180 rnL/min, back pressure of 225 bar, run time 9 minutes, OD-H chiral coiumn). The racemate was dissolved in 1:1 acetonitrile/isopropyl aicohol (250 mg/mL). Compound 22 was isolated as the first peak. HPLC-MS tø = 1.26 min (UV 254 nm); mass calculated for formula C17H17FN2O6364.11 , observed LCMS m/z 365.0 (M+H).
Example 5:
Figure imgf000088_0001
Part A:
Using the procedures described in Example 3, compound 22 (8.69 g, 23.8 mmol) was converted to 23 in quantitative yield. HPLC-MS tR = 0.93 min (UV 254 nm); mass calculated for formula Ci5H12FN3O4317.08, observed LCMS m/z 318.1 (M+H).
Example 6:
Figure imgf000088_0002
Part A: Compound 14 (80 mg. 0.266 mmol), compound 2209E (82 mg, 0.26 mmol). Pd(dba)3 (6 mg), dppf (10 mg), Cui (10 mg). and triethyiamine (0.1 mL) were dissolved in DIVlF and stirred at 80 0C overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (18.7 mg). HPLC-MS tR = 1.07 min (UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C2IHi9N5O7S 485.1, observed LCMS m/z 486.1 (M+H), 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.5 (s, 1H), 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1 H), 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.4 (d, 1H), 7.2 (d, 1H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.1 (d, 1 H), 7.0 (s, 1 H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 4.3 (m, 2H), 3.7 (S, 3H).
Example 7:
Figure imgf000089_0001
Part A:
Compound 108 (39.1 mg, 0.11 mmol), compound 110 (22.3 mg, 0.11 mmol), Pd(PPh3J3CI (4 mg), CuI (1 mg), and diisopropyiamine (0.3 mL) were dissolved in DMF (3.0 mL) and stirred at 80° C overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography affording compound 111 (22 mg). HPLC-MS tR = 1.55 min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula C22H20N4O8436.2, observed LCMS m/z 437.2 (M+H).
Part B:
Compound 111 (22.0 mg, 0.050 mmol) in 7 IVI ammonia in methanol (3 mL) was heated to 850C in a pressure bottle overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography affording compound 112 (8.5 mg, 43%) HPLC-MS tR = 1.40 min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula C20Hi5N5O4 389.1, observed LCMS m/z 390.1 (M+H).
Example 8:
Figure imgf000090_0001
Part A:
Compound 101 (5.0 g, 30.0 mmol), formamidine acetate (9.37 g, 90.0 mmol), and 2-methoxyethanol (8OmL) were refluxed for 16 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into water (1 L) and stirred for 0.5 h. The solid was isolated by vacuum filtration to provide white solid 102 (5.3 g, 73%). HPLC-MS tR = 0.85 min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula CgH8N2O2 176.1 , observed LCMS m/z 177.1 (M+H).
Part B:
Compound 102 (2.85 g, 16.2 mmol), 37% aq. formaldehyde (15 mL), and water (100 mL) were heated at reflux for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to 00C and white solid was isolated by vacuum filtration to provide the desired product 103 (2.8 g, 85%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1 H), 7.54 (d, 1 H), 7.44 (dd, 1 H), 6.74 (t, 1 H), 5.35 (d, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H). Part C:
Compound 103 (750 rng, 3.6 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (1.91 g. 7.3 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (200 mL) and allowed to stir for 5 min at RT. To the solution, carbon tetrabromide (2.42g, 7.3 mmol) was added in one portion and stirred for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (SiC>2, 5% methanol/dichloromethane) to provide the desired product 104 (237 mg, 24%). HPLC-MS fe = 1.35 min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula Ci0H9BrN2O2 269.1, observed LCMS m/z 270.1 (M+H).
Example 9:
Figure imgf000091_0001
Part A: Compound 105 (212 mg, 0.87 mmol) and compound 104 (235 mg, 0.87 mmol) were dissolved in THF (30 mL) and cooled to -78 0C. A 1 M solution of LiHMDS (1.74 mL, 1.74 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 min and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. Saturated ammonium chloride solution (100 mL) was added slowly and the reaction was allowed to warm to RT. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. Purification by reverse phase LC/MS afforded the desired product 106 (145 mg, 39%). HPLC-MS tR = 1.83 min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula C20H25N3O6Si 431.1 , observed LCMS m/z 432.1 (M+H). Part B:
Compound 106 (140 mg, 0.32 mmol) was dissolved in THF (50 mL) and cooled to 0 0C. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 M in THF, 0.39 mL, 0.39 mmo!) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride (50 mL), extracted with ethyi acetate, washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide compound 107 (114 mg, 100%). HPLC- MS tR = 1.50min (ELSD); mass calculated for formula Ci7H17N3O6359.1, observed LCMS m/z 360.1 (M+H).
Part C:
The two isomers were separated using a chiral normal phase OD column. 107 was injected into the column and the two peaks were separated using a solvent mixture of 85% hexanes/ethanoi. Isomer 108 (40.5 mg, 70%) and 109 (39.9 mg, 69%) were isolated.
Example 10:
Figure imgf000092_0001
Part A:
Compound 2209A (209 mg, 0.84 mmol) and compound 2209B (311 mg, 0.92 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (5 mL) and pyridine (5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and then quenched with 1 N HCI (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide the desired product (350 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 2H), 6.8 (d, 1 H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 1.5 (s, 9H).
Part B:
Compound 2209C (350 mg, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and stirred for 2 hours. All solvents were evaporated to provide the desired product (260 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 59.15 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.0 (s, 2H), 6.9 (d, 1H), 3.8 (s, 3H),
Part C:
Compound 2209D (260 mg, 0.79 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (6 mL) and 1 M boron tribromide in methylene chloride (3 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and then quenched with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide the desired product (200 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.0 (s, 1 H), 8.95 (s, 1 H), 7.45 (d, 1 H), 7.0 (m, 1 H), 6.9 (s, 2H), 6.75 (d, 1 H).
Example 11 :
Figure imgf000093_0001
Part A:
Compound 2201 A (prepared as described in Yu, W. et at. PCT Appl. WO2007084455A1 ) (60 mg, 0.12 mmoi) and N-chlorosuccinimide (40 mg, 0.3 mmot) were dissolved in cold trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (0.5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was then cooled in a cold bath (-20 0C), quenched carefully with 5 mL of H2O. The solution was then adjusted with 1N NaOH to pH around 7 The precipitate was collected and purified by HPLC to afford compound 2201. HPLC-MS (10 min) tR = 2.941 min (UV234 nm); mass calculated for formula C20Hi4CI2N4O4460.03, observed LCMS m/z 461.0 (M+H). 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ (ppm): 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J = 6.79 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 6.72 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J = 0.59 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 0.74 Hz, 1 H), 4.57 - 4.35 (m, 4H), 389 (s, 3H).
Example 12
Figure imgf000094_0001
Part A:
To a pressure bottle was added compound 17001 (314 mg, 1.0 mmol), compound 1700J (294 mg, 1.0 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (58 mg, 0.05 mmol), acetonitrile (5 mL) and potassium carbonate (5 mL, 1 N aq.). The reaction mixture was subjected to vacuum, and the purged with nitrogen for three times and stirred at 800C overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexane/EtOAc:1:3) to afford 1700H, (110 mg, 43%). Part B:
A mixture of compound 1700H (56 mg. 0.022 mmol) and AICI3 (70 mg, 0.055 mmol) was suspended in CH2CI2 (5 ml). The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated. The residue was mixed with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL X 3). The organic layers were combined and washed with brine. The resulting organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give compound 1700G. The compound was used in the next step without further purification.
Example 13
Part A:
Compound 1700A (800 mg, 3.26 mmol), compound 1700K (1.46 mL, 9.79 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2CI2 (183 mg, 0.26 mmol). CuI (93 mg, 4.9 mmol), and diisopropylamine (1 mL) were dissolved in DMF and stirred at 800C overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with CH2Cb (5OmL), washed by water and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (5% of 7N Ammonia in MeOH solution in CH2CI2) to give 1700B (500 mg, 75%).
Part B:
Compound 1700B (500 mg, 2.44 mmol) was added to DMPU (20 mL) and heated with a heat gun until all the material was dissolved. The mixture was then cooled down to room temperature. Sodium f-butoxide (281 mg, 2.92 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Chloromethylpivalate (0.42 mL, 2.92 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into 150 ml water. The resulting solid was then filtered and collected to give 1700C (560 mg, 72%).
Part C:
Compound 1700C (560 mg, 1.75 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (10 mL) and cooled in an ice bath. Bromotrimethyisilane (0.3 mL, 2.08 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred in the ice bath for 30 minutes followed by 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and re-dissolved in methylene chloride (2 mL). Hexanes (8 mL) was added and the solids were filtered to provide the desired product 1700D (360 mg, 70%).
Part D:
Compound 10 (294 mg, 1.21 mmol) and compound 1700D (360 mg, 1.21 mmol) were dissolved in THF (15 mL) and cooled to -780C. A 1 M solution of LiHMDS (2.6 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. Saturated ammonium chloride solution was added slowly and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (SiO2, 33% ethyl acetate/hexanes to 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) afforded the desired product 1700E (360 mg, 65%).
Part E:
Compound 1700E (360 mg, 0.927 mmol) in 7 M ammonia in methanol (10 mL) was heated to 85 0C in a pressure bottle overnight. TLC indicated that the reaction was not complete. Therefore, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 7M ammonia in methanol (10 mL) and heated to 85 0C in a pressure bottle for overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was washed with ether and filtered. The solid was collected to afford 1700F (150 mg, 50%) which was used in the next step without further purification.
Part F:
Compound 1700F (36 mg, 0.10 mmol), compound 1700G (33 mg, 0.14 mmol), Pd(PPh3J2CI2 (5.9 mg, 0.084 mmol), CuI (3.0 mg, 0.016 mmol), and diisopropylamine (0.1 mL) were dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and stirred at 800C overnight. The reaction mixture was purified by Gilson reverse phase chromatography to afford 1700 (10.8 mg, 20%). HPLC-MS tR = 2.65 min
(UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C25H17FN6O5, 500.12, observed LCMS m/z 501.3 (M+H).
Example 14
Figure imgf000097_0001
Part A
Compound 1701A (1 8 g, 4 59 mmol) and AICI3 (1 8 g, 13 50 mmol) were stirred in methylene chloride in a sealed tube at 75 0C overnight After cooling, the reaction mixture was taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted with water The aquous layer was extracted with ethyi acetate 3 times The combined organic layers were dried with Na∑SC^ and then concentrated to dryness. The crude material which was 1701 B {1 6 g, 92%) was used without further purification
Part B
Compound 1701B (300 mg, 0.79 mmol) was dissolved in ammonium hydroxide (9 mL) and stirred in ice bath to make mixture 1. Iodine (180 mg, 0 63 mmol) and Kl (421 mg, 2.54 mmol) were dissolved in H2O (3 mL) and this mixture was added dropwise to mixture 1 After addition, the ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h After the reaction was terminated, the solvent was removed. The crude material was purified with ISCO reverse phase column and eluted with actonitrile-water to give 1701 C (100 mg, 25%)
Part C-
A mixture of 1701C (80 mg, 0.16 mmol), 1701O (53 mg, 0.47 mmol), copper iodide (5 mg, 0.028 mmol), Pd(PPh3J2CI2 (5 mg, 0 008 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0 120 mL. 0.86 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at 850C overnight The reaction mixture was purified by Gilson reverse phase HPLC using a 0.1% formic acid in the acetonitrile-water mobile phase. The isolated fractions were concentrated to afford 1701 (13 mg, 20%) as a light yellow solid HPLC-MS tft = 2.61 mm (UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C22H16N4O5 416.11 , observed LCMS m/z 417.2 (M+H). Example 15
E
Figure imgf000099_0001
Part A:
A mixture of compound 1705A (6.2 g, 20.67 mmol) which was made according to the literature procedures (Synthesis, 1990, 497-498) and triethylamine (8.7 mL, 62.41 mmol) was stirred in methylene chloride (100 mL) at room temperature. SEMCI (4.4 mL, 24.94 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was extracted with H2O (100 mL) and layers were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to dryness. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexane/EtOAc: 4:1) to afford compound 1705B (5 g, 56%).
Part B:
A mixture of 1705B (500 mg, 1.16 mmol), 1705C (148 mg. 1.16 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (23 mg, 0.10 mmol), Xarrtphos (40 mg, 0.069 mmol) and sodium t- butoxide(138 mg, 1.43 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was stirred in a sealed tube at 100 0C overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and HjO (10OmL). The layers were separated. The organic layer was dried with Na2SC>4and then concentrated to dryness. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexane/EtQAc: 1 :1) to afford compound 1705D (240 mg. 48%).
Part C,
Compound 1705D (240 gm, 0 56 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml_) and HCI (20 mL, 4N in dioxane) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature two and half days. The mass spectrum of the reaction mixture still showed the presence of starting material Solvents were removed and HCI (50 mL, 6N in H2O) and methanol (10 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight Solvents were removed to afford compound 1705E (140 mg, 99%) which was used without further purification.
Part D:
A mixture of 1705E (72 mg, 0.28 mmol), compound 14 (93 mg, 0.31 mmol), copper iodide (5 mg, 0028 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Ci2 (5 mg, 0.008 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0.40 mL, 2.85 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at 850C overnight. The reaction mixture was purified by Gilson reverse phase HPLC using a 0 1% formic acid in the acetonitrile-water mobile phase The fractions which contained 1705 were concentrated to a light yellow solid (24 mg, 17%). HPLC-MS tR = 2.38 mm (UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C23H21N7O6 491 16, observed LCMS m/z 492.3 (M+H).
Example 16
Figure imgf000100_0001
Part A
A mixture of 1705B (813 mg, 1 89 mmoi), 1707A (400 mg, 1 89 mmol), copper iodide (36 mg, 0 19 mmol). L-prσline (44 mg, 0 38 mmoi) and K2CO3 (0 8 g, 5.8 mmol) in DMSO (3 ml_) was stirred at 700C overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and Brine (2OmL). The layers were separated. The organic layer was dried with Na2SO4 and then concentrated to dryness. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexane/EtOAc:9:1 to Hexane /EtOAc:3: 1 ) to afford compound 1707B (360 mg, 44%).
Example 17
DBU
Figure imgf000101_0002
Figure imgf000101_0001
Compound 2240A and methods for its preparation are described in Lavey, BJ. et al. PCT Appi. WO2007084451 (A1 ). Solid carbonyldiimidazole (65 mg, 0.40 mmol) was added in one portion to a stirred solution of Compound 2240A (67 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (0.325 mL). The reaction was stirred for 1.5 h at reflux, then allowed to cool to rt. Solid sulfamide (31 mg, 0.32 mmol) and DBU (71 μL, 73 mg, 0.48 mmoi) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture became turbid and was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude solid product that was then purified by reverse-phase C18 chromatography (10-100% MeCN-HzO gradient). The desired product, Compound 2240 was obtained as a white solid (47 mg, 60% yield).
Example 18
Figure imgf000102_0001
Part A
Compound 1120 was prepared as described in Yu, Wensheng et a! Imidazolidineciione derivatives and their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2007/0219218. Compound 1120 was converted to 1120A using the procedure of Hammarstrom, L. G. J.; Fu, Y.; Vail, S.; Hammer, R. P.; McLaughlin, L. Org. Syntheses 2005, 81, 213. LRMS calcd. 367.11 obsd 368.08.
Part B
Compound 1120A was converted to 1120B using the procedure of Foccella, A.;
Bizzarro, F. and Exon, C. Syn Comm 1991, 21, 2165. The crude product was purified via reverse phase chromatography on a C-18 column using a 15%- 80% CH3CN/H2O gradient with 0.1% formic acid added to each component of the mobile phase. The gradient was stopped temporarily at 35% CH3CN while the main peak came off of the column to give 22 mg of impure product. This material was purified via reverse phase HPLC on a C-18 column using a 5%- 50% CH3CN/H2O gradient with 0.1 % formic acid added to each component of the mobile phase. Compound 1120B was obtained as a white solid. LCMS calcd. 368.1 obsd 369.2.
Example 19
Figure imgf000103_0001
2,4-Difluoro-3-methoxy-benzoic acid was converted to compound 1140F using a sequence of reactions and a set of procedures similar to those described in
Example 4
Part A.
Compound 1140A: 1HNMR (CDCI3) δ 7.94-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.75 (m, 2H),
6.96-6.87 (m, 1H), 5 11 (s, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H). Part B
Compound 1140B: 1HNMR (CDCI3) δ 7 93-784 (m, 2H), 7,79-7 71 (m, 2H),
7.02-6.92 (m, 1 H), 500 (s, 2H), 4.05-3 95 (m, 6H).
Part C
Compound 1140C: 1HNMR (DMSO) δ 8.65 (s, 1 H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s. 3H)
Part D Compound 1140D 1HNMR (CDCI3) δ 7 09-6 93 (m, 1H), 5 61 (s, 2H), 4 51 (s,
2H), 4 04 (s, 3H), 1 22 (s, 9H)
Part E
Compound 1140E: 'HNMR (CD3OD) δ 7 39-7 15 (m, 1H), 4 56 (s, 2H), 4 02 (s, 3H)
Part F
Compound 1140F- 1HNMR (CDCI3) δ 7 00-6 94 (m, 1H), 6 51 (s, 1H), 4 79-
4 68 (m, 1 H), 446-430 (m, 2H), 404 (s, 3H), 3 88 (s, 3H), 0 18 (s, 9H)
Part G Compound 1140F was separated into its enantiomers via crural HPLC
Compound 1140F (0 5 gram) was dissolved in 5 rnL of 4 6 CHCI3 MeOH and injected onto a preparative ChiralCel OD HPLC column from Chiral
Technologies The detector was set at 237 nm The mobile phase was 95 5 hexanes absolute ethanol at a flow rate of 50 mL/min
Example 20
Figure imgf000105_0001
Part A.
Compound 1140 (0.6 g, 1.32 mmol), was added to a pressure tube. Methanolic ammonia (20 mL, Aldrich 7 N) was added. The tube was capped and the reaction mixture was heated at 800C overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness to give compound 1150A (0.36 g, 82% yield). 1HNMR (CD3OD) δ 7.28-7.21 (m, 1H), 4.73-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 1H).
Part B
Compound 1150A (50 mg, 0.15 mg) and compound 1150D were converted to 1150B using a Sonogashira procedure similar to that described in Example 7. 1HNMR (CD3OD) δ 7.66-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.56 (m, 1 H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.52 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H).
Part C Compound 1150B (41 mg, 0.064 mmol} was dissolved in 2 mL of MeOH. A solution of 4N HCI in dioxane was added (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at rt then concentrated to dryness. The product was dissolved in a minimum amount of MeOH. EtOAc was added, causing a precipitate to form. The mixture was placed in a centrifuge, to spin down the precipitate. The solution was removed via pipet. The solid was washed with EtOAc then dried under vacuum to give 30 mg of compound 1150. LCMS calcd 538.14 obsd 539.3. Example 21
Figure imgf000106_0001
Part A
Compound 1150A was converted to 1160 using a procedure similar to that described in Example 7. LRMS caicd 428.09 obsd 429.2.
Example 22
Figure imgf000106_0002
Part A:
A mixture of 2-Bromo-5-iodo-3-methoxy pyridine 2200A (0.95g, 3 0 mrnol), NaCN (0 176 g, 3.6 rnmoi), Paiiadium tetrakis triphenyiphospine (0.2 g. 1.βmmol), Cu! (0.07 g, 0.4 mmoi) and acetonitrile (10 ml_) was charged into a sealed tube and purged with nitrogen (3x). The reaction was heated at 80 0C for 10 h. After cooling to room temperature the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed with water (2x 50 ml) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give a crude product which was purified by flash column chromatography (ISCO CombiFlash Rf, S1O2, 12g cartridge (hexanesto 35 % EtOAc / hexanes) to yield compound 2200B (0.25g, 30%).
Part B: Compound 2200B (0.2g, 0.93 mmol) was dissolved in dichloroethane (DCE) (5 mL) and aluminum chloride (0.1g, 0.85 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 400C for 10 hours. The reaction was cooled and diluted with EtOAc (5OmL) and washed 2 x 25 mL water, and brine (1 x 25 mL) and then dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to provide a crude which was purified by flash column chromatography (ISCO CombiFlash Rf1 Siθ2, 4g cartridge (Hexanes to 25 % EtOAc/hexanes) to yield compound 2200C (0.11g, 60%).
Part C: A mixture of 14 (0.11 g, 0.3 mmol), 2200C (0.12g, Q.3mmol), copper iodide (0.008 g, 0.045 mmol), Pd(PPhJ)2CI2 (0.005 g, 0.008 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.047 mL, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was charged into a sealed tube and purged with nitrogen (3x). The mixture was heated at 800C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase chromatography using a 0.1% trifluoracetic acid in the aqueous mobile phase (100% water to 50% acetonotrile/water) to provide 2200D (0.09 g, 45%).
Part D: A mixture of 2200D (0.02g, 0.047mmol), N-acetylcysteine1 (0.02g, 0.12 mmol). 7N NH3ZCH3OH (5 mL) was charged into a sealed tube and heated at 600C for 24 h. The reaction was cooled and the soivent was removed and the product was isolated by reverse phase chromatography using a 0.1% trifiuoracetic acid in the aqueous mobile phase (100 % water to 50% acetonitrile/water) to provide
2200 (0.017g, 85%). LC-MS* tR = 1.87 min; observed LCMS m/z 435.2 (M+H).
Reference:
I.Udo E.W. Lange, Bernd Schafer, Doπt Baucke, Ernst Buschmann, Helmut
Mack. Tetrahedron letters 40, 7067, 1999.
The following compounds were made from 2200D using the procedure described in part D, using corresponding amines (hydroxyl amine, N- ethyipiperazine, N-methyl homopiperazine.)
Figure imgf000108_0001
Exampie 23
Figure imgf000109_0001
Part A:
Compound 2210C was prepared as described in Example 29. Compound 2225D was prepared using the method described previously in Lavey, BJ. WO 2007/084451, Example 1087. Compounds 2210C and 2225D were combined according to the procedure of Example 6 to afford Compound 2203. HPLC-MS tR = 2.60 min (UV254 m); mass calculated for formula C2TH23N5O7 529.2, observed LCMS m/z 530.3 [M+H]+.
Example 24
Figure imgf000109_0002
Part A:
Compound 2217A was prepared as described in Example 14. Compound 222SD was described previously in Lavey, BJ, WO 2007/084451 , Example 1087. Compounds 2217A and 222SD were combined according to the procedure of Example 6 to afford Compound 2217. HPLC-MS tR = 2.56 min (UV254nm); mass calculated for formula C2ZtH2O^O8 460.1, observed LCMS m/z 461.3 [M+Hf.
Example 25
Figure imgf000110_0001
Part A:
Compound 2218A was prepared according to the method described in Chapman, G. M.; Stanforth, S. P; Tarbit, B.; Watson, M. D. J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 12002, 581-582. A microwave tube containing Compound 2218A (1.0 g, 3.2 mmol), pyrazole-3-boronic acid (426 mg, 3.82 mmol) and (Ph3P)4Pd (294 mg, 0.250 mmol) was sealed, evacuated, and placed under nitrogen atmosphere. Acetonitrile (16 mL) and 1 M aq. potassium carbonate solution (16 mL) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 0C for 2 d. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (-50 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSCU, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. From the complex reaction mixture, repeated sgc (10-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded 80 mg (10% isolated yield) of the desired Compound 2218B.
Part B:
A solution of Compound 2218B (96 mg, 0.38 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) was treated with anhydrous aluminum chloride (126 mg, 0.94 mmoi) in a pressure vessel. The vessel was capped and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to rt and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was partitioned in EtOAc (-100 mL) and water (-100 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted further with EtOAc (3 x -25 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4., filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 104 mg of crude product as a yellow solid. Mass calculated for formula C8H6 81BrN3O 241.0, observed m/z 241.9 [M+H]*.
Part C: Compound 2225D was prepared according to the method previously reported in Lavey, B.J. WO 2007/084451 , Example 1087. A flame-dried microwave tube containing Compound 2225D (60 mg, 0.19 mmol), Compound 2218C (58.4 mg, 0.21 mmol), (Ph3P)2PdCI2 (13 mg, 0.019 mmoi), copper(l) iodide (3.6 mg, 0.019 mmol) and a magnetic stir bar was sealed, evacuated and placed under nitrogen atmosphere. Dry, degassed DMF (0.9 mL) and diisopropylamine (0.070 mL, 49 mg, 0.38 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C, then allowed to cool to rt, and was filtered. The filtrate was subjected to reverse-phase C18 chromatography (10-90% MeCN- water gradient) to afford 41 mg (46% yield) of Compound 2218B. HPLC-MS tR = 2.22 min (UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C24H20N6O5472.2, observed LCMS m/z 473.3 [M+H]\
Example 26
Figure imgf000112_0001
Part A
A mixture of p-bromobenzaldehyde (Compound 2224A; 5.00 g, 27.0 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.73 g, 54.1 mmol) and anhydrous sodium acetate (4.43 g, 54.1 mmol) in absolute ethanol (100 mL) was stirred at reflux (80 0C external oil bath temperature) in a pressure vessel for 24 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining solid was dissolved in Et^O (~250 mL) and the resulting solution was washed sequentially with water (2 x -100 mL) and brine (-100 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSCU, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford Compound 2224B as a white solid (5.23 g, 97% yieid).
Part B Solid N-chlorosuccinirnide (0.722 g, 5.39 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of oxirne (Compound 2224B; 1.072 g, 5.39 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et2O (150 mL) and was washed sequentially with water (3 x 50 mL) and brine (~50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a pale yellow solid. Purification of the solid by sgc (40 g silica gel cartridge; 5-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) gave 973 mg (77% yield) of the desired product, Compound 2224C, as a white solid.
Part C
Methyl-n-propylamine (151 mg, 2.56 mmol) was added to a solution of oximyl chloride (Compound 2224C, 300 mg, 1.28 mmol) in CH2CI2 (8 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt. Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue that was purified by sgc (1-10% MeOH/NH3 in CH2CI2 gradient) to afford 215 mg (62% yield) of the desired product, Compound 2224D.
Part D
Aryl bromide 2224D was converted into Compound 2224 following the procedure given in Example 6. . HPLC-MS tR = 2.28 min (UV2^ nm); mass calculated for formula C26H27N5O5489.2, observed LCMS m/z 490.3 [M+Hf.
Using the same procedure as described in this Example, the following compounds could be synthesized: Compounds 2227, 2228, 2229, 2231, and 2234.
Compound 2227: HPLC-MS tR = 2,83 min (UV254 Hm); mass calculated for formula C22H2IN5O5S 467.1 , observed LCMS m/z 468.3 [M+Hf.
Compound 2228: HPLC-MS tR = 1.84 min (UV254 nm); mass calculated for formula C27H30N6O5 518.6, observed LCMS m/z 519.3 [M+H]+.
Compound 2229: HPLC-MS tR = 1.96 min (UV254 πm}\ mass calculated for formula C28H34NeOs 546.3, observed LCMS m/z 547.3 [M+H]+.
Compound 2231: HPLC-MS tR = 1.96 miπ (UV254 nP1): mass calculated for formula C24H23N5O5461.2, observed LCMS m/z 462.3 [M+H]+.
Compound 2234: HPLC-MS tR = 2.28 min (UV2M nm); mass calculated for formula C26H27N5O5489.2, observed LCMS m/z 490.3 [M+Hf.
Example 27
Figure imgf000114_0001
Compound 2230A and methods for its preparation are described in Lavey, B.J. ef a/. PCT Appl. WO2007084451 (A1). Solid carbonyldiimidazole (65 mg, 0.40 mmol) was added in one portion to a stirred solution of Compound 2230A (67 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (0.325 ml_). The reaction was stirred for 1.5 h at reflux, then allowed to cool to it Solid sulfamide (31 mg, 0.32 mmof) and DBU (71 μL, 73 mg, 0.48 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction mixture became turbid and was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude solid product that was then purified by reverse-phase C18 chromatography (10-100% MeCN-H2O gradient). The desired product, Compound 2230 was obtained as a white solid (47 mg, 60% yield). HPLC-MS fe = 2.69 min (UV254nm); mass calculated for formula C22H19N5O7S 497.1, observed LCMS m/z 498.3 [M+Hf Example 28
Figure imgf000115_0001
Part A
Compound 1304B was prepared by the same method described in Part B of Example 29.
Part B Compound 1304C was prepared by the same method described in Example 6,
Part C
Compound 1304C (380 mg, 0.82 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL). DIPEA (0,28 mL, 1.64 mmol) and SEMCI (0.173 mL, 0.985 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for overnight. DMF was removed by rotary evaporator. The product was purified by sgc (EtOAc/Hexane: 20% to 100%) to give compound 1304D (441 mg, 90.7%).
Part D To a 5 mL flask was added compound 1304D (65 mg, 0.11 mrnoi), 2-amϊno-5- (4,4,5,5-tetrarnethyl-1 ,3.2-dioxaborolan-2-y1)pyπdinβ (35 mg, 0.16 mmol), Pd(dppf)2Cb (5 mg). The flask was subjected to vacuum and flushed with N2 three times. K2CO3 (1M, 0.5 mL, 0.5 mmol) and CH3CN were added. The soiution was stirred at 800C overnight. After the flask had cooled, water and EtOAc were added. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The product was purified by SiOa chromatography (MeOH/DCM: 1% to 5%) to give compound 1304E.
Part E
Compound 1304E obtained in Part D was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) in a 15 mL pressure tube. HCI (4M in dioxane, 2 mL) was added. The tube was capped and stirred at 900C for overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removed and residue was dissolved in MeOH (3 ml) and DIPEA (0.5 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at RT for three hours. The solvent was removed and the product was purified by C18 chromatography (CH3CNZH2O, 5% to 90%, with 0.1% HCO2H) to give compound 1304 (23.5mg, 43.2%).
Figure imgf000116_0001
Part A
Compound 2210A (4.81g, 32.5 mmol) was suspended in H2O (30 mL) in a 350 mL pressure bottle. KCN (2.11 g, 32.5 mmol), (NH4J2CO3 (12.5g, 129.9 mmol), and NHe/MeOH (7N, 30 mL) were added. The pressure bottle was capped and stirred at 800C for 2 days. After cooling down, water (30 mL) was added. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum to give compound 2210B (2.83g, 40.0%)
Part B
Compound 2210B (600mg, 2.75 mmol) was dissolved in NH3- H2O (37%, 40 mL). Heating may be needed to make a clear solution. A solution of I∑ (628 mg, 2.47 mmol) and Kl (1.64g, 9.88 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at 250C for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated to half of its original volume, adjusting the pH to 2-4 with HCI (2N). The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, dried under vacuum for overnight to give compound 2210C (805mg, 85.1%)
Compounds 2210, 2211, 2214, 2216, and 2223 were prepared by the methods described in Example 29 and Example 6.
Ξxample 30
Figure imgf000117_0001
Part A Compound 2213A (800mg, 367 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous THF (40 mL) and cooled to 00C. Red-AI (3.2 M, 9.2 mL, 29.4 mmol) was added dropwise. After the addition was completed, the solution was heated to 850C for 2 hours. It was then cooled to 00C and quenched with water. Organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporator. NaOH (1 N) was added to adjust the DH to about 7. EtOAc was added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc twice. The EtOAc layers were combined and concentrated. The product was purified by SiOj chromatography to give compound 2213C (539.5 mg, 72.1%).
Part B Compound 2213C was prepared by the same method as described in part B of example 29.
Compounds 2213 and 2215 were prepared by the methods described in
Example 30 and Example 6.
Example 31
Figure imgf000118_0001
Part A Compound 2237A (300 mg, 0.73 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 ml). CS2CO3 (476 mg, 1.45 mmol) and MeI (0.5 mL) were added. The solution was stirred at RT for overnight. Water and EtOAc were added. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over NazSO., and concentrated. The product was purified by SiO2 chromatography (Hexane/EtOAc 1 :0 to 1 :1 ) to give compound 2237B (295 mg, 95.1%).
Part B
Compound 2237B (140 mg, 0.33 mmoi) was stirred with NH3ZMeOH (7N, 3 mL) m a pressure tube at 1100C for three days. After cooϋng down, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator and the product was purified by sgc (DCM/MeOH/ NH3- H2O: 20; 1:0.1 to 10:1 :0.1 ) to give compound 2237C (67 mg, 49%).
Compound 2237 were prepared by the methods described in Example 31 and Example 6.
Example 32
Figure imgf000119_0001
Part A
Compound 2238A was prepared by the method described in Example 6.
Part B Compound 2238A (76 mg, 0.118 mmol) was dissolved in THF/water (2:1 , 1.5 mL) solution. LiOH (11.3 mg, 0.471 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at 700C for overnight. The product was purified by C18 chromatography (CH3CNZH2O, 5% to 90%, with 0.1 % HCO2H) to give compound 2238 (56mg, 75.1%).
Example 33
Figure imgf000120_0001
Compound 2239A (1.65g, 7.54 mmol), 2239B (1.30 g, 7.54 mmol), and DiPEA (1.30 mL, 7.54 mmol) were stirred at DCM (25 mL) for overnight. The solvent was removed and the product was purified by sgc (DCM/MeOH: 0% to 5%) to give compound 2239C (1.88 g, 63.7%).
Compound 2239 were prepared by the methods described in Example 33 and Example 6.
Example 34
Figure imgf000120_0002
Compound 2242 is prepared foilowing the procedure of Example 22. Deuterated intermediate 14a is obtained from 6a following the procedures described in Example 2 and Example 3. Compound 6a itself can be obtained following the procedure in Example 1, starting from the known compound 1a-1. Compound 14a is reacted with intermediate 2200C-1 which is obtained following the procedure in Example 22 by first converting commercially ayailabie 2200A-1 to 2200 A-4 following published procedures in the following references: Garrett, Mark D.; Scott, Robin; Sheldrake, Gary N.; Dalton, Howard; Goode, Paul. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2006), 4(14), 2710-2715; Allen, C. F. H.; Thirtle, John R. USA. Organic Syntheses (1946 John Wiley & Sons, inc.; and Koch, Volker; Schnatterer, Stefan. Synthesis (1990), (6), 497-8.
Figure imgf000121_0001
Example 35 Assay for inhibition of TNF-α Production from Human Whole Blood (hWBA)
Human whole blood was diluted 1 :1 with serum free medium (RPMI, L- glutamine, Pen-Strep, HEPES) and incubated with a test compound in a final volume of 360 μL for 1 h at 370C. Forty microliters of LPS (10 μgiml) was then added. Supernatant was collected after 3.5 h incubation and the concentration of TNF-α was determined by ELISA (R&D Systems). The concentration of the test compound which inhibits 50% of the amount of TNF-α from the control untreated control was determined. The ICsc values for representative compounds of the formulae (I)-(IX) are shown below in Tables A and B.
Example 36 Area under the Curve Determinations of Plasma Levels in Rats (rrAUC)
To gain insight into the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds of formula (I), plasma levels of the compounds in rats were determined according to the protocol described in Korfmacher, W. A.; Cox, K. A.; Ng, K. J.; Veals, J.; Hsieh, Y.; Wainhaus, S.; Broske, L.; Prelusky, D.; Nomeir, A.; White, R. E. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15, 335. Briefly, rats, after an overnight fast, were dosed orally with the test compound at a dose of 10 mg/kg in a 5 mL/kg dose volume. Blood was collected at 0.5, 1 , 2, 3, 4, and 6 h post- dosing. Mass spectrometry using high performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and measure the concentrations of the test compounds in the plasma at the various time points. The parent ion of each test compound was used to identify and quantitate the compounds in plasma. The area under the curve (AUC) data for representative compounds of the formulae (I)-(IX) are shown below in in Tables A and B.
The following compounds were prepared using previously described procedures:
ı22
Figure imgf000123_0001
Figure imgf000124_0001

Figure imgf000125_0001
Figure imgf000126_0001
1RR AUC = rapid rat AUC
2hWBA = human whole blood assay
Table B:
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000128_0001
Figure imgf000129_0001
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000132_0001
Figure imgf000133_0001
Figure imgf000134_0001
1RR AUC = rapid rat AUC
2hWBA = human whoie blood assay
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed but it is intended to cover modifications that are within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Each document referred to herein is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Claims

THEREFORE, WE CLAIM:
1. A compound represented by Formula (I):
Figure imgf000136_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is ary! or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with R2 or -ORJ, wherein R^ is H or halo, and R3 is H or aikyl:
T is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted with an R4, R5, and R6 as shown;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-.-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CR8 2)p- and -N(R')-, p is 1 to 3;
R! is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, aikyl, cycloaikyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocydenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, ™C(=O)a!kyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl. -C(-O)heterocyclyi, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(~O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cydoalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyciyi, -C(=O)O~ary[, and -C(O)O- heteroaryl:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R7^-(G)nR9;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and halogen;
R5 and R6 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R5 and R6 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five- to eighf-membered cycioafkyl, cycloaikeπyf, heterocydyl, or heterocydenyl: wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloaikyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycfyf, or heterocyclenyl contains two radicals on the same carbon atom, and said radicafs taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a second five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl , cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyi, or heterocyctenyl; wherein said first five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cydoaikenyi, heterocyclyi, or heterocyclenyl, optionally with said second five- to eight-membered cycloalkyl, cydoaikenyi, heterocyclyi, or heterocycleny! is unsubstituted or substituted with one to four R10 moieties; each R7 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl; each R8 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyi, aryi, heteroaryfs -C(=O)N(R12)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloaikyf, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -Cf=O)-O- heterocycϊyl, -C(=O)-O-aryt, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl", "heierocyclyl", "aryi", or "heteroaryf" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six~membered cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyi or heteroaryl ring; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, nitro, -OC(O)R11, -C(R11J=N-OR11, -OR11, -SR11, -N(R11J2 -S(O)R11, -S(O)2R1V N(R11JS(O)2R11. -N(R11)-C(0)-R11, -N(R11J-C(O)-N(R1 V , -N(R11)-C(0)-0R1\ -
GC(O)N(R11)?. -C(O)N(R11J-S(O)2R11, -S(O)2N(R11J-C(O)-R11 , - C(O)N(R1 ^)C(O)R' 1, -C(O)N(R11JC(O)NR11. -S(O)2N(R11J2, -N(R11)~C(=NR11)- N(R11J2, -N(R11J-C(^N-CN)-N(R11J2, -halαalkoxy. -C(O)OR1', -C(O)R11, - C(O)N(R11Ja, halogen, alkyl, haioalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyϊ, heterocyclenyf, cycloalkenyl, and cycloalkyl, with the proviso that there are no adjancent heteroatoms in any of said R10; each R11 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, heterocydyl. aryl, and heteroaryl;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR12-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; each R1 ^ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alky!; and n is 0 or 1.
2. The compound of claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000138_0001
Figure imgf000138_0003
Figure imgf000138_0002
Figure imgf000139_0001
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
3, A compound represented by Formula (II)
Figure imgf000139_0002
or a pharmaceuticaliy acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:
T is ary! or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted with m RD substituents as shown: X is selected from the group consisting of -S-.-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CRs 2)p- and -N(R>: p is 1 to 3;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, atkyl, and aryi;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyi, cycloalkenyi, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C{=O)afkyl, - C(=O)cycioalkyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(-O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C{=0)0- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cyctoalkyf, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R6)2-(Q)nR?;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and halogen;
RJ and R4 are substituents on adjacent carbon atoms, wherein R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a first five or six-membered heteroaryi, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyi and cycloalkyi;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of aikyi, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl; each R6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryi;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyt, heterocyclyi, aryi, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R8)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyf, C(=O)~heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryl, -C(-O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycϊoalkyl, -C(=O)-O- heterocyclyi, -C(=G)~O~aryi, -C(=G)-G~heteroaryh ~P(=O){-OH)2) -P(=O)(-O- atky[)2, wherein when each of said ''cyctealkyf", "heterocyciy!", Jaryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cyctoa?ky!< aryi, heterocyclyi or heteroaryf ring; each R8 is Independently selected from the group consisting of H and Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR8-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -
S(O)2-; n is 0 or 1 ; and m is 0-3.
4. The compound of claim 3, selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000141_0001
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
5. A compound represented by Formula (ill)
Figure imgf000142_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring 8 is aryf or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy; at least one of T and V is present;
T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyi, aikenyl, aikynyl, cycloalkyi, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aikynyl, cydoalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryj;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, cycloalkyi, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)a!kyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C(=O)heterocycly!, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=θ)heteroaryj, , -C(=O)O- alkyi, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R3J2-(Q)nR4: each R3 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alky! and aryl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R5)2, -C(~O)-aJkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyl, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C<=O)-aryl, ~C(-O)"heteroaryis -C(-G)-G~aSkyi, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl. -C(-O)-O- heterocydyl. -C(=O)-O-3ry!, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl. -P(=θχ-OH)2. -P(=O)(-O- aikyl}2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyf, ''heterocyciyl", "aryl", or
"heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cyctoalkyf, aryl, heterocycIyS or heteroaryt ring;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR5-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
6. The compound of claim 5, selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000143_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
7. A compound represented by Formula (IV):
Figure imgf000144_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted on adjacent ring atoms with R2, R3, and R4; at least one of T and V is present;
T is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of aikyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyi, cycioalkenyi, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyi, and heteroaryl;
V is absent or present, and if present, is selected from the group consisting of alkyt, aikenyl, alkyny!, cycloalkyi, cycioalkenyi, aryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyi , and heteroaryl;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, ~(CR5 2)p~ and -N(R')-; p is 1 to 3;
R* is selected from the group consisting of H, aikyl, and aryi;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, cycloaikyi, cycioafkenyf, heferocycfyl, heterocyclenyi . aryi, heteroaryl , -C^OJalkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyl! -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryi, , -C(=O)O- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloa!kyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O~ heteroary!;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R6)2-(Q}nR7; R2, R3, and R4 are substitutents on adjacent ring atoms, wherein each of R2, R3, and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, aikyi, and afkoxy; each R5 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, and aryi; each R6 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyf, and aryi;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, aikyi, heterocyciyl, aryi, heteroaryl, -C(=O)N(R8}2! -C(=O)-alkylf C{=O}-cycloaϊkyl, C(=O}-heterocycϊyi, - C(=O)-aryi, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-a!kyl, -C(=O)~O-cycloaiky!f -C{=O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(=O)-O-aryi, -C(-O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(~O)(-O- aikyi)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyl", "heterocydyl", "aryi", or "heteroaryl"' in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycioalkyl, aryi, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR8-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
8. The compound of claim 7, selected from the group consisting of;
Figure imgf000146_0001
a pharmaceuticaϋy acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
9. A compound represented by Formula (V):
Figure imgf000146_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: ring A is aryl or heteroaryi, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is unsubsfituted or substituted with afkoxy or deuterium; at least one of T and V is present, and at least one of T and V is substituted with 1-3 Rz substituents;
T is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of: alkyϊ, alkenyl, aikynyl, cycfoaikyl, cycioalkenyt, aryi, heterocyciyi, heterocyclenyl, and heteroaryl;
V is absent or present, and if present is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyi, cycioaikyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyciyi, heterocyclenyi, and heteroaryl;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-O-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-, -(CR7 2)p- and -N(R5)-; p is 1 to 3;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, atkyl, and aryf;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycioaikyl, cyctoaikenyl, heterocyciyi, heterocyclenyl, aryl, heteroaryi, -C(O)a(kyl, - C(0)cycloa!kyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyi, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryi, , -C<=0)0- aikyl. ~C(=O)O-cycioalkyl, -C(0)0-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R6J2-(Q)nR9;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; and n is O or 1.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -Cf-N-QH)- N(R6)2s -C(=O)NR6S(=O)2N(R6)2j -C(R6)((C=O)OR6)-heterocycSyi-C(^O)0R6, - C(R6)((C=O)N(R6)2)-heterocycSyI-C(=O)Oalkyt, -C(=NR6)-N(R6)OR6, -C(=NR6)~ N(R6)-heterocyclyl, -C(=NR6)-N(R6)-aryl, ~C(=NR6)-N(R6)~heteroarylf -C(=NR6)- N(R6)2s and -NR6-C(=S)N(Rβ)-alkyI-heterocyc!y[; each R6 independently is H or aϊkyi; eacn R7 independently is H, alkyl, or aryl; R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, aikyi, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C{=O)N(R6)2, -C(=O)-alkyi, C(=O)~cycfoaikyi, C(=O)-heterocyciyi, - C(O)-aryl, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(~O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycloalkyl, -C(^O)-O- heterocyctyl, -C(=O)-O-aryi, -C(=O)-O-heterøaryi, -P(~O)(-OH)2, -P<=0)(-0- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyi", "heterocyclyl", "aryi", or "heteroaryt" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-rnembered cycloatkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring.
10, The compound of claim 9, selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000149_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
11. A compound represented by Formula (VI):
Figure imgf000149_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein: ring A is ary! or heteroaryt, where said aryl or heteroaryi is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo and aikoxy;
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-O-, -S(O)O-, -S(O)-, -(CR7 2)p- and -N(R')-; p is 1 to 3;
Y is O or S;
T is aryl or heteroaryt;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, and aryl;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycioalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyciy!, heterocycienyl, aryl, heteroaryJ, -C(=O)atkyl, - C(=O)cycloalkyIT -C(=O)heterocyclyi, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(=O)0- alkyl, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(=O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R6)2~(Q)nR9;
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2-; n is 0 or 1 ; each of R1 and R2 is independently H or alkyl; each of R4 and R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycioalkyl, heterocyclyi, ary!, and heteroaryi; or wherein R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are shown attached form a heterocyclyS or heteroary! ring; each R0 independently is H or alky!; each R' independently is H, alkyl or aryl; and
R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, heterocyclyi, aryl, heteroaryi, -C(=0)N(Re)2, -C(=Φ)-alkyl, C(=O)-cyc!oalkyl( C(=O)-heterocyc!yi, - C(=O)-aryfT -C(-O)-heteroaryt, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(-O)-O-cycloalky!, -Cf-O)-O- heterocyciyi, ~C(=G)~O~3ryS, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2, -P(=O)(-O- alkyl)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyf", "heterøcyclyl", "aryl", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R9 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycioatkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring.
12. The compound of claim 11 , selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000151_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,
13. A compound represented by Formula (VIi):
Figure imgf000151_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein: ring A is aryl, wherein said aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with alkoxy;
T is heteroaryi. wherein when said T heteroaryl contains two radicate on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicate may optionally be taken togβtfier with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- to eight membered heterocycfyl ring;
R is selected from the group consisting of H, alky!, cycloaikyl, cycloatkenyl, heterocyciyl, heterocyclenyf, aryi, heteroaryl, -C(-O)alkyf, - C(=O)cycloalkyl, -C(=O)heterocyclyl, -C(=O)aryl, -C(=O)heteroaryl, , -C(-O)O- alkyf, -C(=O)O-cycloalkyl, -C(=O)O-heterocyclyl, -C(=O)O-aryl, and -C(O)O- heteroaryl;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of H and -C(R6)2~(G}πR7; each of R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently is H or alkyi; each R6 independently is H or alkyl;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyi, heterocyciyl, aryl, heteroary), -C(=O)N(R6)2, -C(=O)-alkyl, C(=O)-cycloalkyI, C(=O)-heterocyclyl, - C(=O)-aryt, -C(=O)-heteroaryl, -C(=O)-O-alkyl, -C(=O)-O-cycioalkyl, -C(O)-O- heterocyclyl, -C(-O)-O-aryi, -C(=O)-O-heteroaryl, -P(=O)(-OH)2. -P(O)(-0- alky!)2, wherein when each of said "cycloalkyi", "heterocyclyl", "aryf", or "heteroaryl" in any of the aforementioned R7 groups contains two radicals on adjacent carbon atoms, said radicals may optionally be taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a five- or six-membered cycloalkyi, aryl, heterocyciyl or heteroaryl ring; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -O, -S-, -S(O)-, and - S(O)2; and n is O or 1.
14. The compound of claim 13, selected from the group consisting of;
Figure imgf000153_0001
Figure imgf000153_0002
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
15. A compound represented by Formula (VIII)
Figure imgf000153_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of -S-,-0-, -S(O )2-, -S(O)-, -{CRr 2)p- and -N(R')-;
R' is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyL and aryi;
T is heteroaryi, wherein said heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with a halo;
Y is selected from the group consisting of -OR6, -N(R6J2, and -NR6- C(=O)N(R6)2; each of R1 and R2 is independently H or alky!;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H or halo; each R6 independently is H or aikyl; each R7 independently is H, aikyi or aryt; and p is 1-3.
16. The compound of claim 15, selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000154_0001
; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
17. A compound represented by Formula (IX):
Figure imgf000154_0002
or a pharmaceuticalfy acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
18. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000155_0001
Figure imgf000156_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable saϊt or solvate thereof.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one claims 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 , 13, 15, 17, and 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
20. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease comprising; administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of any one of claims 1 , 3, 5, 1 , 9, 11 , 13, 15, 17, and 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
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