WO2010036632A1 - Azaindazole compounds as ccr1 receptor antagonists - Google Patents

Azaindazole compounds as ccr1 receptor antagonists Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010036632A1
WO2010036632A1 PCT/US2009/057778 US2009057778W WO2010036632A1 WO 2010036632 A1 WO2010036632 A1 WO 2010036632A1 US 2009057778 W US2009057778 W US 2009057778W WO 2010036632 A1 WO2010036632 A1 WO 2010036632A1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
pyridine
mmol
pyrazolo
fluorophenyl
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PCT/US2009/057778
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French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Nicholas Cook
Darren Disalvo
Daniel Robert Fandrick
Christian Harcken
Daniel Kuzmich
Thomas Wai-Ho Lee
Pingrong Liu
John Lord
Can Mao
Jochen Neu
Brian Christopher Raudenbush
Hossein Razavi
Jonathan Timothy Reeves
Jinhua J. Song
Alan David Swinamer
Zhulin Tan
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Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
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Priority to EA201100524A priority Critical patent/EA201100524A1/en
Priority to AP2011005685A priority patent/AP2739A/en
Application filed by Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh filed Critical Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
Priority to JP2011529154A priority patent/JP5507567B2/en
Priority to CA2737472A priority patent/CA2737472A1/en
Priority to AU2009296839A priority patent/AU2009296839A1/en
Priority to MX2011002951A priority patent/MX2011002951A/en
Priority to UAA201105061A priority patent/UA103634C2/en
Priority to CN2009801472064A priority patent/CN102227425A/en
Priority to EP09792818.8A priority patent/EP2346868B1/en
Priority to BRPI0919844A priority patent/BRPI0919844A2/en
Priority to NZ591115A priority patent/NZ591115A/en
Publication of WO2010036632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010036632A1/en
Priority to ZA2011/00625A priority patent/ZA201100625B/en
Priority to IL210857A priority patent/IL210857A0/en
Priority to TN2011000144A priority patent/TN2011000144A1/en
Priority to MA33724A priority patent/MA32655B1/en

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    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to azaindazoles that are useful as antagonists of CCRl activity and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
  • This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
  • Chemotactic Cytokine Receptor 1 belongs to a large family (>20) of chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) receptors that interact with specific chemokines (>50) to mediate leukocyte trafficking, granule exocytosis, gene transcription, mitogenic effects and apoptosis. Chemokines are best known for their ability to mediate basal and inflammatory leukocyte trafficking.
  • chemokines MIP-I alpha/CCL3, MCP3/CCL7 and RANTES/CCL5
  • RA rheumatoid arthritis
  • MS multiple sclerosis
  • Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-I alpha), macrophage chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3) and regulated on activation, normal T- cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) are all found in the CNS of MS patients, while MIP-I alpha and RANTES are found in the CNS in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS (Review: Gerard and Rollins (2001) Nature Immunology). Macrophages and ThI cells in the inflamed synovia of RA patients are also major producers of MIP-I alpha and RANTES, which continuously recruit leukocytes to the synovial tissues of RA patients to propagate chronic inflammation (Volin et al. (1998) Clin.
  • mice with antibodies specific for the CCRl ligand MIP-I alpha have also been shown to be effective in preventing development of acute and relapsing EAE by reducing the numbers of T cells and macrophages recruited to the CNS (Karpus et al. (1995) /. Immunology; Karpus and Kennedy (1997) /. Leukocyte Biology).
  • at least one CCRl ligand has been demonstrated to recruit leukocytes to the CNS and propagate chronic inflammation in EAE, providing further in vivo validation for the role of CCRl in EAE and MS.
  • the present invention provides novel compounds which block the interaction of CCRl and its ligands and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
  • This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
  • W is carbon and Y is nitrogen or, W is nitrogen and Y is carbon;
  • Ari is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted by one to three
  • Ar 2 is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted by one to three
  • Ri is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxyCi-6 alkyl
  • R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_ 6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from cyano, C 1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, -CO 2 C 1 - 6 alkyl, - C(O)N(R 6 )(R f ), -N(R 6 )(R f ) and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo;
  • Ra is Ci-6 alkyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylthio, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl, amino, mono-or di-Ci-6 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylamino, Cr 6 alkylaminocarbonyl, Cr 6 acyl, Cr 6 acylamino, Cr 6 dialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, R -J -S(O) 1n -NH-, R.j-NH-S(O) m -, aryl or carboxyl; Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH 2 ) n -CN, -(CH 2 )n-CO 2 C 1 -6alkyl, nitro, -SO 3 H, d- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2
  • each R c , Rj are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3 _io cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, cyano-Ci-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -C(0)-NR e Rf or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f ;
  • each R e , R f are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 3 _io cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr 6 acyl;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH 2 ) O-1 , mono-or di-Q- 6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_ 6 alkylamino(CH 2 ) 2 _ 3 N(R e )-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 Cr 6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, Cr ⁇ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NR e Rf, amino, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr 6 acylamino;
  • each n, x are independently 0-3;
  • each m is independently 0-2;
  • R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2C1-6 alkyl, -C(O)N(R e )(Rf), - N(Re)(Rf), and heterocyclyl;
  • each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonylCo- 3 alkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f .
  • W is carbon and Y is nitrogen;
  • Ari is phenyl, cyclohexyl or tetrahydropyranyl each optionally substituted by one to three
  • Ar 2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted by one to three R b ;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_ 6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO 2 Ci. 6 alkyl, -C(O)N(R 6 )(Rf), -N(R 6 )(Rf), morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperidinyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 3 is Ci- 3 alkyl, Cr 3 alkoxy, methylsulfonyl, mono-or di-Ci- 3 alkylamino, Cr 3 acyl, Cr 3 acylamino, Cr 3 dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro;
  • Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH 2 ) n -CN, -(CH 2 )n-CO 2 C 1 -6alkyl, nitro, -SO 3 H, d- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 3 - 10 cycloalkyl, C r6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylC(O)-, -(CH 2 ) n - NR c R d , R 4 -S(O) 1n (CH 2 )O-I-, R 4 -S(O) 1n -NR 6 -, R 4
  • each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f ;
  • each R e , Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr 6 acyl;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH 2 ) O-1 , mono-or di-Cr 6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_ 6 alkylamino(CH 2 ) 2 _ 3 N(Ci_ 6 alkyl)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 2 Cr 6 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NR e R f , amino, mono-or di-Cr 6 alkylamino, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr 6 acylamino.
  • Ari is phenyl is substituted by one to two R 3 ;
  • Ar 2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl or piperidinyl, each optionally substituted by one or two R b ;
  • R 3 is mono-or di-Ci- 3 alkylamino, halogen or nitro
  • R b is hydroxyl, carboxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF 3 , -CN, -SO 3 H, -CH 3 , -OCH 3 , CH 3 C(O)-, - (CH 2 ) n -CO 2 Ci_ 6 alkyl, -NR c R d , R 4 -S(O) m (CH 2 ) 0 -i-, R 4 -S(O) 2 -NR 6 -, R 4 -NR 6 -S (O) 2 (CH 2 ) 0 - i-, -NR f -C(O)-R 6 , -C(O) 2 NH 2 , morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
  • each R c , Rj are independently hydrogen, Cp 3 alkyl, Cp 3 acyl or Cp 6 alkoxycarbonylCo- 3 alkyl;
  • each R 6 , R f are independently hydrogen, C 1 - 3 alkyl, C 1 - 3 alkoxyCi_ 3 alkyl or mono-or diC 1 _ 3 alkyl aminoC 1 _ 3 alkyl ;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, Ci. 4 alkyl, C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, -N(CH 3 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )-, or heterocyclyl(CH 2 )o-i, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R 4 optionally substituted with -OCH 3 , hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NH 2 , amino, -
  • R a is -F or -Cl
  • R b is hydroxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF 3 , -CN, -SO 3 H, -OCH 3 , CH 3 C(O)-, -(CH 2 ) n -C ⁇ 2Ci. 6 alkyl, -NReRd, R 4 -S(O) 1n -, R 4 -S(O) 2 -NR 6 -, R 4 -NRe-S(O) 2 (CH 2 ) 0 -i-, -C(O) 2 NH 2 morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
  • each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, CH 3 or CH 3 C(O)-;
  • each R 6 , R f are independently hydrogen, -CH 3 , or -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, Ci- 4 alkyl, C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -N(CH 3 ) 2 , (CHs) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )-, or heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R 4 optionally substituted with -OCH 3 , hydroxyl, oxo, amino, -N(CH 3 ) 2 or Cp 2 alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or Q_ 6 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups selected from cyano, Ci_ 6 alkoxy and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo.
  • R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or Ci_ 3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, Ci_ 3 alkoxy and heterocyclyl chosen from dioxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl and benzodioxolyl each optionally substituted by oxo.
  • a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
  • R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, C 1-3 alkoxy and dioxolanyl optionally substituted by oxo.
  • R c is hydrogen or Cp 6 alkyl and Rj is cyano-Ci-6 alkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -C(O)-NR e Rf; each R e , Rf are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl.
  • Ar 2 is pyridyl
  • R b is Cp 6 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides for a process of making a compound of the formula (I):
  • Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 3 and R 2 are defined in separate embodiments as they are defined in each of the separate embodiments for formula (I) above;
  • Xi and X 2 are each independently a halogen chosen from Br and I;
  • reaction is performed in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP; with a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, most preferably KOH; at a temperature range of 20- 100 0 C, most preferably about 8O 0 C; to provide a compound of the formula (IV), and optionally subsequently isolating (IV).
  • a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP
  • a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, most preferably K
  • a salt preferably an HCl salt
  • a salt comprising i) reacting the compound (VII) with NaS-R wherein R is chosen from Cl-IO alkyl and aryl, in the presence of a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 100 0 C, preferably 55 0 C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO 3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
  • a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 100 0 C, preferably 55 0 C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO 3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
  • an acid such as HCl or TFA, preferably HCl
  • a polar solvent such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n- butanol, preferably isopropanol, at 20 to 8O 0 C, preferably 65 0 C, to provide the desired compound of formula Via:
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • NMP iV-methylpyrrolidinone
  • DMAC iV,iV-dimethylacetamide
  • DMPU N,iV'-dimethylpropylene urea
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  • DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane
  • the invention also relates to pharmaceutical preparations, containing as active substance one or more compounds of the invention, or the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, optionally combined with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
  • Compounds of the invention also include their isotopically-labelled forms.
  • An isotopically-labelled form of an active agent of a combination of the present invention is identical to said active agent but for the fact that one or more atoms of said active agent have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number of said atom which is usually found in nature.
  • isotopes which are readily available commercially and which can be incorporated into an active agent of a combination of the present invention in accordance with well established procedures, include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, e.g., 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 0, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 Cl, respectively.
  • An active agent of a combination of the present invention, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the invention includes the use of any compounds of described above containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms may occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. Isomers shall be defined as being enantiomers and diastereomers. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
  • Each stereogenic carbon may be in the R or S configuration, or a combination of configurations.
  • Some of the compounds of the invention can exist in more than one tautomeric form.
  • the invention includes methods using all such tautomers.
  • Ci_ 4 alkoxy is a C 1-4 alkyl with a terminal oxygen, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy.
  • All alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups shall be understood as being branched or unbranched where structurally possible and unless otherwise specified. Other more specific definitions are as follows:
  • Carbocycles include hydrocarbon rings containing from three to twelve carbon atoms. These carbocycles may be either aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems. The non- aromatic ring systems may be mono- or polyunsaturated.
  • Preferred carbocycles include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptanyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, benzocyclobutanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptanyl and benzocycloheptenyl. Certain terms for cycloalkyl such as cyclobutanyl and cyclobutyl shall be used interchangeably.
  • heterocycle refers to a stable nonaromatic 4-8 membered (but preferably, 5 or 6 membered) monocyclic or nonaromatic 8-11 membered bicyclic or spirocyclic heterocycle radical which may be either saturated or unsaturated.
  • Each heterocycle consists of carbon atoms and one or more, preferably from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the heterocycle may be attached by any atom of the cycle, which results in the creation of a stable structure.
  • heteroaryl shall be understood to mean an aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic or 8-11 membered bicyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms such as N, O and S.
  • heterocycles and heteroaryl include but are not limited to, for example furanyl, pyranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, thiadiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1- dioxo-l ⁇ 6 -thiomorpholinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, dihydro-2H- quinolinyl, isoquinolin
  • heteroatom as used herein shall be understood to mean atoms other than carbon such as O, N, S and P.
  • one or more carbon atoms can be optionally replaced by heteroatoms: O, S or N, it shall be understood that if N is not substituted then it is NH, it shall also be understood that the heteroatoms may replace either terminal carbon atoms or internal carbon atoms within a branched or unbranched carbon chain.
  • Such groups can be substituted as herein above described by groups such as oxo to result in definitions such as but not limited to: alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, amido and thioxo.
  • aryl as used herein shall be understood to mean aromatic carbocycle or heteroaryl as defined herein.
  • Each aryl or heteroaryl unless otherwise specified includes it's partially or fully hydrogenated derivative.
  • quinolinyl may include decahydroquinolinyl and tetrahydroquinolinyl
  • naphthyl may include its hydrogenated derivatives such as tetrahydranaphthyl.
  • Other partially or fully hydrogenated derivatives of the aryl and heteroaryl compounds described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • nitrogen and sulfur include any oxidized form of nitrogen and sulfur and the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen.
  • -S-C 1-6 alkyl radical unless otherwise specified, this shall be understood to include -S(O)-Ci_ 6 alkyl and - S(O) 2 -Ci -6 alkyl.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic radical containing from one to ten carbon atoms or a mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from two to twelve carbon atoms. A mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical must contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively.
  • Alkyl refers to both branched and unbranched alkyl groups. It should be understood that any combination term using an "alk” or “alkyl” prefix refers to analogs according to the above definition of “alkyl”. For example, terms such as “alkoxy”, “alkythio” refer to alkyl groups linked to a second group via an oxygen or sulfur atom.
  • halogen as used in the present specification shall be understood to mean bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine, preferably fluorine.
  • alkyl a nonlimiting example would be -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CF 3 etc.
  • the compounds of the invention are only those which are contemplated to be 'chemically stable' as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, a compound which would have a 'dangling valency', or a 'carbanion' are not compounds contemplated by the inventive methods disclosed herein.
  • the invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I).
  • a "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, or any other compound which, upon administration to a patient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound useful for the invention, or a pharmacologically active metabolite or pharmacologically active residue thereof.
  • a pharmacologically active metabolite shall be understood to mean any compound of the invention capable of being metabolized enzymatically or chemically. This includes, for example, hydroxylated or oxidized derivative compounds of the invention.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycolic, lactic, salicylic, succinic, toluene-p-sulfuric, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulfonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2- sulfuric and benzenesulfonic acids.
  • Other acids, such as oxalic acid while not themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium), alkaline earth metal
  • prodrugs of compounds of the invention include those compounds that, upon simple chemical transformation, are modified to produce compounds of the invention. Simple chemical transformations include hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. Specifically, when a prodrug is administered to a patient, the prodrug may be transformed into a compound disclosed hereinabove, thereby imparting the desired pharmacological effect.
  • the compounds of formula I may be made using the general synthetic methods described below, which also constitute part of the invention.
  • the invention additionally provides for methods for making compounds of formula I.
  • the compounds of the invention may be prepared by the general methods and examples presented below, and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art and reported in the chemical literature. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Intermediate benzyl amines are commercially available, or may be synthesized via catalytic reduction of the corresponding aryl nitriles with Pd/C (Van Rompaey, K. et al. Tetrahedron, 2003, 59 (24), 4421) or Raney Ni (Gould, F. et al. J.
  • Intermediate aminomethylpyridines may also be commercially available or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • methods of preparing 1-substituted-l- (pyridyl)methylamines from aldehydes or ketones are known (see, Kuduk, S. D. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 6641 and Chelucci, G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2006, 17, 3163) and methods of preparing homoallylic primary amines are known (see, Kobayashi, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11038).
  • Bodanszky The Practice of Peptide Synthesis (Springer- Verlag: 1984), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), for example, by reacting a carboxylic acid and an amine in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Reaction progress may be monitored by conventional methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC). Intermediates and products may be purified by methods known in the art, including column chromatography, HPLC or recrystallization.
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar 1 is reacted with 3,5-dibromo-4- pyridinecarboxaldehyde (Ha) in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone X.
  • Reaction of X with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £ra «s- ⁇ f,iV'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 and in a suitable solvent such as iV-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-4-bromo-azaindazole IVa.
  • intermediate IVa may be heated with pressurized CO, in the presence of a suitable base and catalyst as described above in absolute ethanol to provide the ethyl ester XL
  • the ester is then hydrolyzed for example by treatment with a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid V.
  • a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid V.
  • This may then be reacted with an amine of formula VI under coupling conditions well known in the art such as by treatment with SOCl 2 to form the intermediate acyl chloride followed by reaction with intermediate VI in the presence of a base such as Et 3 N or K 2 CO 3 to provide the desired compound of formula Ia.
  • the intermediate acyl chloride may be reacted in situ or isolated first if desired.
  • a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar 1 is reacted with 4-bromo-3- pyridinecarboxaldehyde XII in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone XIII.
  • Reaction of XIII with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £raws- ⁇ f, ⁇ f'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 and in a suitable solvent such as N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-5-azaindazole XIV.
  • a suitable oxidizing agent such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid or hydrogen peroxide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) or EtOAc provides the iV-oxide XV.
  • 5-azaindazole XVIII is reacted with AriX (XIX) where X is a halogen (Br or I) in the presence of a suitable diamine catalyst such as trans-N, N'- dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 in a suitable solvent such as DMF to provide a 1-substituted- 5-azaindazole XX.
  • Alcohol XX may then be treated with manganese (IV) oxide in the presence of sodium cyanide and an amine of formula VI in a suitable solvent such as THF to provide the desired compound of formula Ib.
  • Compounds of formula I (which includes Ia and Ib) prepared by the above methods may be further converted to additional compounds of formula I by methods known in the art and exemplified in the Synthetic Examples section below.
  • the reaction was diluted with water (300 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration washing with water.
  • the filtrate was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 100 mL).
  • the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL).
  • the still moist filter cake was dissolved in EtOAc and combined with the extracted organic layers, dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon) and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and a layer of silica gel.
  • the reaction was the diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 7 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 7 mL), brine (7 mL), aqueous K 2 CO 3 (7 mL), brine (7 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The solid was triturated with ether to afford the title compound.
  • the reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc) indicating a major new more polar product than starting bromide.
  • the reaction was diluted with first saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (5 mL) and then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL), brine (3 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated.
  • the material from the column was purified a second time by using preparative silica gel TLC eluting with methanol-EtOAc (1:9).
  • the material from the plate was triturated with EtOAc-ether-hexanes to afford the title compound.
  • Example 13 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 4-(4-hydroxy-piperidine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamide (13)
  • the desired fractions were combined, neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as an off white solid.
  • Example 17 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-carbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (17a) and 4-((S)-I- ⁇ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino ⁇ -propyl)- pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (17b)
  • Example 25 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (25)
  • Example 28 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (28)
  • a solution of aqueous HCl was prepared from concentrated HCl (55 rnL) and water (195 rnL). About 10 mL of this HCl solution was charged to the reaction mixture to achieve pH 6-7. The batch was then heated to 55 0 C, and the remaining -240 mL of the HCl solution was charged. The batch was cooled to ambient temperature over 1 hour, and held at this temperature for 1 hour. The batch was then filtered, and the solid washed with water and /-PrOAc.
  • Example 31 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(15,35)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]- amide (31a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(15,3/f)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (31b)
  • Example 33 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-3-hydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide
  • Desired fractions from the column was made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), concentrated to half of the original volume and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
  • TMSCN trimethylsilyl cyanide
  • Example 38 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide
  • Example 40 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(l-methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (40)
  • NaSMe (6.74 g, 90 wt.%, 1.2 eq) was charged to a flask followed by THF (10 niL). To the slurry was charged a solution of 2-chloro-4-cyanopyridine (10.0 g, 72.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (20 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 5O 0 C for 2 hours. The batch was then treated with NaBO 3 «4H 2 O (33.31 g, 3.0 eq) followed by AcOH (50 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 55 0 C for 16 hours.
  • reaction mixture was then cooled to 0-5 0 C and treated with methanol (10 mL) followed by water (40 mL) and finally a solution of di-tert-buty ⁇ dicarbonate (15.06 g, 69.0 mmol, 1.15 eq) in THF (10 mL).
  • the batch was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and then the THF and MeOH was removed by distillation under vacuum at 55 0 C.
  • To the resulting slurry was added water (40 mL), toluene (20 mL) and heptane (40 mL). The slurry was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and filtered.
  • tert-buty ⁇ (2-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4- yl)methylcarbamate (20.0 g, 65.65 mmol, 94.0 wt.%) followed by /-PrOH (140 rnL).
  • the slurry was stirred and treated with concentrated HCl (16.4 rnL, 196.96 mmol, 3.0 eq), and then heated to 65 0 C and held at this temperature for 3 hours.
  • the batch was cooled to 20- 25 0 C, held at this temperature for at least 2 hours, and then filtered.
  • the solid was washed with /-PrOH and then oven dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a white solid, 13.45 g, >99 wt.% purity, 92% yield.
  • 2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5 r )-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (45) via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43.
  • 2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5 r )-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43 except methyl magnesium bromide was substituted for ethyl magnesium chloride.
  • Example 46 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide (46)
  • the Weinreb amide of 2-methanesulfonyl-6-ethoxy-isonicotinic acid was also converted to (S)- 1 -(2-methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride according to methods described in Example 43 except during the Grignard addition methyl magnesium bromide was added to the Weinreb amide instead of ethyl magnesium chloride to afford the corresponding methyl ketone.
  • Example 48 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-propyl]- amide (48)
  • the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane.
  • the material was further purified by preparative thin layer silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol-dichloromethane (2:98) to afford the title compound.
  • the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The purification was repeated eluting with a gradient of 0-7% methanol in dichloromethane. The material from the purification was diluted with dichloromethane (1 mL) followed by hexanes (5 mL). The solid was collected by filteration to afford the title compound.
  • Example 54 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (5-methylamino-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-amide (54)
  • the compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes provided l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-ol.
  • the compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one.
  • the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
  • the material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. Two fractions were obtained that both match the desired by mass, indicating two diastereomers.
  • the first eluting diastereomer corresponded to the i ⁇ S-diastereomer
  • the second eluting distereomer corresponded to the R,R- diastereomer in a 1:3 ratio, respectively.
  • Each diastereomer was carried on separately without further purification.
  • Example 60 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(4-carbamoyl-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (60)
  • Example 61 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(5-methyl-4-methylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (61)
  • Example 63 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid ⁇ l-[4-(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl]-propyl ⁇ - amide (63)
  • Example 70 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-2-(2-oxo-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl)- ethyl]-amide (70)
  • the 1 H NMR of the crude material revealed a 7:3 ratio of diastereomers, 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide and 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(R)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide, respectively.
  • the mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 20-100% EtOAc in heptane. MS m/z 309.41 (M), 311.38 (M+2).
  • the reaction was re- subjected to the above condition for an additional 5 hours at which time the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsed with MeOH, filtered and concentrated.
  • the crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (Sunfire PrepCl ⁇ OBD 5 uM 30 x 150 mm column, eluted with 15-85% acetonitrile in water, with 0.1% TFA). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo, made basic with a few drops of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
  • Example 80 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-((25,4/f)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-((2/f,4S)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80b)
  • Example 81 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-hydroxymethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (81)
  • the intermediate ketone, l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one can be prepared via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
  • (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one.
  • l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 82.
  • Example 83 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (83)
  • Example 84 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(/f)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]-amide (84) HCI
  • Example 85 l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl ⁇ -amide (85)
  • the crude material was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (200 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
  • the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 5-30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 1- (2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone as white needles.
  • the intermediate ketone (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) can be accessed via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
  • the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (90 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (10 mL), and EtOAc (150 mL), and sonicated for 10 minutes to dissolve all the solids.
  • the aqueous phase was separated and the organic layer was washed with a mixture of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (90 mL) in saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (10 mL).
  • the combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (150 mL).
  • the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
  • (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone.
  • l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 86.
  • the solid was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 10-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes (compound precipitated on the column but dissolved over time at high ethyl acetate concentration) to afford 6- (dimethylaminosulfonylamino)-3-cyanopyridine as a white solid

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Abstract

Disclosed are compounds of the formula (I), useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCR1 including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Also disclosed are methods of making and methods of using same.

Description

Azaindazole Compounds As CCRl Receptor Antagonists
APPLICATION DATA
This application claims benefit to US provisional application serial no. 61/100,401 filed September 26, 2008.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to azaindazoles that are useful as antagonists of CCRl activity and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Chemotactic Cytokine Receptor 1 (CCRl) belongs to a large family (>20) of chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) receptors that interact with specific chemokines (>50) to mediate leukocyte trafficking, granule exocytosis, gene transcription, mitogenic effects and apoptosis. Chemokines are best known for their ability to mediate basal and inflammatory leukocyte trafficking. The binding of at least three chemokines (MIP-I alpha/CCL3, MCP3/CCL7 and RANTES/CCL5) to CCRl is responsible for the trafficking of monocytes, macrophages and THl cells to inflamed tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (Trebst et al. (2001) American J of Pathology 159 p. 1701). Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-I alpha), macrophage chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3) and regulated on activation, normal T- cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) are all found in the CNS of MS patients, while MIP-I alpha and RANTES are found in the CNS in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS (Review: Gerard and Rollins (2001) Nature Immunology). Macrophages and ThI cells in the inflamed synovia of RA patients are also major producers of MIP-I alpha and RANTES, which continuously recruit leukocytes to the synovial tissues of RA patients to propagate chronic inflammation (Volin et al. (1998) Clin. Immunol. Immunopathology; Koch et al. (1994) /. Clin. Investigation; Conlon et al. (1995) Eur. J. Immunology). Antagonizing the interactions between CCRl and its chemokine ligands is hypothesized to block chemotaxis of monocytes, macrophages and ThI cells to inflamed tissues and thereby ameliorate the chronic inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases such as RA and MS.
Evidence for the role of CCRl in the development and progression of chronic inflammation associated with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis, is based on both genetic deletion and small molecule antagonists of CCRl. CCRl deficient mice were shown to exhibit reduced susceptibility (55% vs. 100%) and reduced severity (1.2 vs. 2.5) of active EAE (Rottman et al. (2000) Eur. J. Immunology). Furthermore, administration of small molecule antagonist of CCRl, with moderate affinity (K1 = 120 nM) for rat CCRl, was shown to delay the onset and reduce the severity of EAE when administered intravenously (Liang et al. (2000) /. Biol. Chemistry). Treatment of mice with antibodies specific for the CCRl ligand MIP-I alpha have also been shown to be effective in preventing development of acute and relapsing EAE by reducing the numbers of T cells and macrophages recruited to the CNS (Karpus et al. (1995) /. Immunology; Karpus and Kennedy (1997) /. Leukocyte Biology). Thus, at least one CCRl ligand has been demonstrated to recruit leukocytes to the CNS and propagate chronic inflammation in EAE, providing further in vivo validation for the role of CCRl in EAE and MS.
In vivo validation of CCRl in the development and propagation of chronic inflammation associated with RA is also significant. For example, administration of a CCRl antagonist in the collagen induced arthritis model (CIA) in DBA/1 mice has been shown to be effective in reducing synovial inflammation and joint destruction (Plater-Zyberk et al. (1997) Immunology Letters). Another publication described potent antagonists of murine CCRl that reduced severity (58%) in LPS-accelerated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), when administered orally (Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 15, 2005, 5160- 5164). Published results from a Phase Ib clinical trial with an oral CCRl antagonist demonstrated a trend toward clinical improvement in the absence of adverse side effects (Haringman et al. (2003) Ann. Rheum. Dis.). One third of the patients achieved a 20% improvement in rheumatoid arthritis signs and symptoms (ACR20) on day 18 and CCRl positive cells were reduced by 70% in the synovia of the treated patients, with significant reduction in specific cell types including 50% reduction in CD4+ T cells, 50% reduction in CD8+ T cells and 34% reduction in macrophages.
Studies such as those cited above support a role for CCRl in MS and RA and provide a therapeutic rationale for the development of CCRl antagonists.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides novel compounds which block the interaction of CCRl and its ligands and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In its broadest generic aspect the invention provides a compound of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein
W is carbon and Y is nitrogen or, W is nitrogen and Y is carbon;
Ari is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted by one to three
R3;
Ar2 is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted by one to three
Rb;
Ri is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkoxyCi-6 alkyl;
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from cyano, C1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, -CO2C1-6 alkyl, - C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf) and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo;
Ra is Ci-6 alkyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylthio, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, amino, mono-or di-Ci-6 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylamino, Cr6 alkylaminocarbonyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 acylamino, Cr6 dialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, R-J-S(O)1n-NH-, R.j-NH-S(O)m-, aryl or carboxyl; Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH2)n-CN, -(CH2)n-CO2C1-6alkyl, nitro, -SO3H, d-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, d-6 alkoxy, C1-6alkylC(O)-, -(CH2)n- NRcRd, R4-S(O)1n(CH2)O-I-, R4-S(O)1n-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)m(CH2)0-i-, -NRf-C(0)-Re, - (CH2)x-C(O)-(CH2)n-NRcRd, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each Rb where possible is optionally halogenated or substituted with 1 to 3 C1-6 alkyl, hydroxyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cr6 alkyl-S(O)m-, aryl or carboxyl;
each Rc, Rj are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3_io cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, cyano-Ci-6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl, -(CH2)n-C(0)-NReRf or -(CH2)n-NReRf;
each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, C3_io cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr6 acyl;
R4 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH2)O-1, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_6alkylamino(CH2)2_3N(Re)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 Cr6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, Crβalkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NReRf, amino, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr6 acylamino;
each n, x are independently 0-3;
each m is independently 0-2;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2C1-6 alkyl, -C(O)N(Re)(Rf), - N(Re)(Rf), and heterocyclyl;
each Rc, Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonylCo-3alkyl or -(CH2)n-NReRf.
In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
W is carbon and Y is nitrogen;
Ari is phenyl, cyclohexyl or tetrahydropyranyl each optionally substituted by one to three
R3;
Ar2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted by one to three Rb;
Ri is hydrogen;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_6alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2Ci.6alkyl, -C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf), morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperidinyl;
R3 is hydrogen;
R3 is Ci-3alkyl, Cr3 alkoxy, methylsulfonyl, mono-or di-Ci-3 alkylamino, Cr3 acyl, Cr3 acylamino, Cr3 dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro; Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH2)n-CN, -(CH2)n-CO2C1-6alkyl, nitro, -SO3H, d-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, Cr6alkoxy, C1-6alkylC(O)-, -(CH2)n- NRcRd, R4-S(O)1n(CH2)O-I-, R4-S(O)1n-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)m(CH2)0-i-, -NRf-C(0)-Re, - (CH2)x-C(O)-(CH2)n-NRcRd, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each Rb where possible is optionally halogenated or substituted with 1 to 3 C1-6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cr6 alkyl-S(O)m-, aryl or carboxyl;
each Rc, Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl or -(CH2)n-NReRf;
each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr6 acyl;
R4 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH2)O-1, mono-or di-Cr6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_6alkylamino(CH2)2_3N(Ci_6alkyl)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 2 Cr6 alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Cr6alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NReRf, amino, mono-or di-Cr6 alkylamino, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr6 acylamino.
In a further embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
Ari is phenyl is substituted by one to two R3;
Ar2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl or piperidinyl, each optionally substituted by one or two Rb; R2 is hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, -CH2-CH=CH2, or -CF3, wherein the Ci-3alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2Ci- 6alkyl, -C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf) and morpholinyl;
R3 is mono-or di-Ci-3 alkylamino, halogen or nitro;
Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -CN, -SO3H, -CH3, -OCH3, CH3C(O)-, - (CH2)n-CO2Ci_6alkyl, -NRcRd, R4-S(O)m(CH2)0-i-, R4-S(O)2-NR6-, R4-NR6-S (O)2(CH2)0- i-, -NRf-C(O)-R6, -C(O)2NH2, morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
each Rc, Rj are independently hydrogen, Cp3 alkyl, Cp3 acyl or Cp6 alkoxycarbonylCo- 3alkyl;
each R6, Rf are independently hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxyCi_3 alkyl or mono-or diC 1 _3 alkyl aminoC 1 _3 alkyl ;
R4 is hydrogen, Ci.4alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, -N(CH3)2, (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)-, or heterocyclyl(CH2)o-i, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R4 optionally substituted with -OCH3, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NH2, amino, -
N(CH3)2 or Ci-2 alkoxycarbonyl.
In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
R2 is hydrogen, Ci alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, -CH2-CH=CH2, or -CF3 wherein the Ci alkyl, C2 alkyl, or C3 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl and -CO2Ci_3alkyl;
Ra is -F or -Cl; Rb is hydroxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -CN, -SO3H, -OCH3, CH3C(O)-, -(CH2)n-Cθ2Ci.6alkyl, -NReRd, R4-S(O)1n-, R4-S(O)2-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)2(CH2)0-i-, -C(O)2NH2 morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
each Rc, Ra are independently hydrogen, CH3 or CH3C(O)-;
each R6, Rf are independently hydrogen, -CH3, or -CH2CH2OCH3;
R4 is hydrogen, Ci-4alkyl, C3.6cycloalkyl, -N(CH3)2, (CHs)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)-, or heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R4 optionally substituted with -OCH3, hydroxyl, oxo, amino, -N(CH3)2 or Cp2 alkoxycarbonyl.
In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided in the broadest generic embodiment in combination with any other embodiment above, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or Q_6 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups selected from cyano, Ci_6 alkoxy and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo.
In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or Ci_3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, Ci_3 alkoxy and heterocyclyl chosen from dioxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl and benzodioxolyl each optionally substituted by oxo. In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, C1-3 alkoxy and dioxolanyl optionally substituted by oxo.
In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided in the broadest generic embodiment in combination with any other embodiment above, and wherein
Rc, is hydrogen or Cp6 alkyl and Rj is cyano-Ci-6 alkyl or -(CH2)n-C(O)-NReRf; each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl.
In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided in the broadest generic embodiment in combination with any other embodiment above, and wherein
Ar2 is pyridyl;
Rb is Cp6 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl.
In a another embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I) as provided in the broadest generic embodiment in combination with any other embodiment above, and wherein Ar2 is
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0002
The following are representative compounds of the invention which can be made by the general synthetic schemes, the examples, and known methods in the art.
Table I
Figure imgf000013_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 428.4 1.52 bromopyridin-3 - ylmethyl)-amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 426.6 1.34 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3 -ylmethyl) - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3- 425.4 1.39 methanesulfonyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 2-chloro- 474.5 1.54 4-methylsulfamoyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 440.6 1.43 methylsulfamoyl- benzylamide
Figure imgf000014_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3- 415.5 1.08 trifluoromethyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 425.6 1.42 methanesulfonyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 482.7 1.55 (isopropylsulfamoyl- methyl)-benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 2- 425.7 1.49 methanesulfonyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 454.7 1.42 methylsulfamoylmethyl- benzylamide
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000027_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 426.5/428.4 1.73 bromopyridin-2- ylmethyl)-amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 426.7 1.50 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 2-ylmethyl) - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 454.0 1.40 methanesulfonyl-2- methoxy-benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid A- 455.7 1.44 methanesulfonyl-3- methoxy-benzylamide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [6- 497.6 1.40 (morpholine-4- sulfonyl) - pyridin-3-ylmethyl] -amide
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 468.6 1.59 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-butyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 482.6 1.58 ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl) -butyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3-fluoro- 458.7 1.64 4-methylsulfamoyl- benzylamide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 444.5 1.66 bromopyridin-3- ylmethyl) - amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 440.0 1.19 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3-ylmethyl)-amide
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 454.6/456.6 1.61 bromopyridin-3-yl)- propyl] -amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 484.7 1.97 bromopyridin-4-yl)- butyl] -amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 484.8 1.64 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-butyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 441.5 1.34 methylsulfamoyl-pyridin- 2-ylmethyl) - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6- 427.5 1.26 sulfamoyl-pyridin-2- ylmethyl)-amide
Figure imgf000035_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 454.5/456.5 1.62 bromopyridin-4-yl)- propyl] -amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 456.7/458.5 1.69 bromopyridin-3-yl)-ethyl] - amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 471.2 1.70 bromopyridin-3-yl)- propyl] -amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 456.1 1.54 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3-yl)-ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 470.6 1.51 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3-yl)-propyl] -amide
Figure imgf000038_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 440.6/442.6 1.54 bromopyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]- amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(6- 440.6 1.37 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3 -yl) -ethyl] - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(6- 442.5/443.5 1.55 bromopyridin-3-yl)-ethyl] - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 440.3 1.33 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 3-yl)-ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(2- 454.6 1.44 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-propyl] -amide
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- 454.6 1.39 ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-3- yl)-ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- 454.7 1.44 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- 468.6 1.49 ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl)-propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- 441.3 1.33 sulfamoyl-pyridin-2-yl)- ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- 410.6 1.59 chloropyridin-4-yl)- propyl] -amide
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(3- 395.7 1.75 chlorophenyl)-ethyl] - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- 468.7 1.53 ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-2- yl)-propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- 454.6/456.6 1.72 bromopyridin-2-yl)- propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(3- 439.7 1.46 methanesulfonyl-phenyl)- ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- 454.7 1.48 methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 2-yl)-propyl] -amide
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000062_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [1-(1- 396.4 1.10 methyl-piperidin-3-yl)- propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- 1 -(2- 461.8 1.28 morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-4- yl)-propyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid { (S)-I -[2- 444.8 1.38 (lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyridin- 4-yl] -propyl } -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid ((S)-I- 381.6 1.68 thiophen-2-yl-propyl)- amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid ((S)-I- 381.7 1.69 thiophen-3-yl-propyl)- amide
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid { l-[4-
(carbamoylmethyl- 480.7 1.61 carbamoyl)-5-methyl- oxazol-2-yl] -propyl } - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2- 384.7 1.73 methoxy-thiazol-5- ylmethyl)-amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2- 383.6 1.22 methylamino-thiazol-5- ylmethyl) - amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- 430.6 1.44 methanesulfonyl-oxazol- 4-yl)-ethyl] -amide
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- 444.6 1.79 methanesulfonyl-oxazol- 4-yl)-propyl] -amide
Figure imgf000079_0001
Figure imgf000080_0001
Figure imgf000081_0001
Figure imgf000082_0001
Figure imgf000083_0001
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000085_0001
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000089_0001
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0002
See Synthetic Example Section of ΗPLC-MS methods. b The observered mass for bromo containing compounds are reported in Table I as M+ and M+2. or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
For all compounds disclosed hereinabove in this application, in the event the nomenclature is in conflict with the structure, it shall be understood that the compound is defined by the structure.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a process of making a compound of the formula (I):
Figure imgf000095_0001
wherein Ar1, Ar2, R3 and R2 are defined in separate embodiments as they are defined in each of the separate embodiments for formula (I) above;
comprising:
i) reacting a compound of the formula (II) (wherein Xi and X2 are each independently a halogen chosen from Br and I) with compound of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) to provide a compound of the formula (IV):
Figure imgf000096_0001
wherein the reaction is performed in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP; with a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or K0t-amyl, preferably, KOH; at a temperature range of 20-1000C, preferably, most preferably about 8O0C;
ii) carboxylating IV with a suitable reagent such as Grignard reagent R-MgCl with CO2 in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF, MTBE, Et2O, DME or dioxane, wherein R is chosen from isopropyl, n-butyl, sec -butyl and cyclohexyl, preferably isopropyl; wherein the reaction is performed at a temperature range of -70 to 3O0C, most preferably about -2O0C;
Figure imgf000096_0002
iii) reacting (V) with an activating agent such as propylphosphonic anhydride or CDI (iV,iV-carbonyldiimidazole), (preferably propylphosphonic anhydride), and an amine of the formula (VI) in the presence of an amine base such as iV-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, or diisopropylethylamine, in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as DMF, or NMP, DMAC, DMPU to provide (I), and subsequently isolating (I),
Figure imgf000097_0001
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of making a compound of the formula (IV):
Figure imgf000097_0002
wherein
Xi and X2 are each independently a halogen chosen from Br and I;
Ari is defined as above;
wherein the reaction is performed in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP; with a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, most preferably KOH; at a temperature range of 20- 1000C, most preferably about 8O0C; to provide a compound of the formula (IV), and optionally subsequently isolating (IV).
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of making a compound of the formula (Via):
Figure imgf000097_0003
Via in the form of a salt, preferably an HCl salt, comprising i) reacting the compound (VII) with NaS-R wherein R is chosen from Cl-IO alkyl and aryl, in the presence of a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 1000C, preferably 550C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
Figure imgf000098_0001
ii) reacting compound VIII with NaBH4 in the presence of an acid such as TFA (trifluoroacetic acid), chlorotrimethylsilane, zinc bromide, and sulfuric acid, preferably TFA and zinc bromide, in a polar solvent, preferably an ether based solvent, more preferably chosen from THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and 1,2- dimethoxyethane, most preferably THF, at 0-400C, preferably 20-250C, and subsequently adding a protecting group, such as BoC2O (tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride) or acetic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride, preferably BoC2O, to provide the protected amine IX:
Figure imgf000098_0002
iii) removing the protecting group (PG) with an acid such as HCl or TFA, preferably HCl, in a polar solvent, such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n- butanol, preferably isopropanol, at 20 to 8O0C, preferably 650C, to provide the desired compound of formula Via:
Figure imgf000099_0001
DMF = dimethylformamide NMP = iV-methylpyrrolidinone DMAC = iV,iV-dimethylacetamide DMPU = N,iV'-dimethylpropylene urea MTBE = methyl tert-butyl ether DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane
The invention also relates to pharmaceutical preparations, containing as active substance one or more compounds of the invention, or the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, optionally combined with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
Compounds of the invention also include their isotopically-labelled forms. An isotopically-labelled form of an active agent of a combination of the present invention is identical to said active agent but for the fact that one or more atoms of said active agent have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number of said atom which is usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes which are readily available commercially and which can be incorporated into an active agent of a combination of the present invention in accordance with well established procedures, include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, e.g., 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 170, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. An active agent of a combination of the present invention, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention. The invention includes the use of any compounds of described above containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms may occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. Isomers shall be defined as being enantiomers and diastereomers. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention. Each stereogenic carbon may be in the R or S configuration, or a combination of configurations.
Some of the compounds of the invention can exist in more than one tautomeric form. The invention includes methods using all such tautomers.
All terms as used herein in this specification, unless otherwise stated, shall be understood in their ordinary meaning as known in the art. For example, "Ci_4 alkoxy" is a C1-4 alkyl with a terminal oxygen, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy. All alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups shall be understood as being branched or unbranched where structurally possible and unless otherwise specified. Other more specific definitions are as follows:
Carbocycles include hydrocarbon rings containing from three to twelve carbon atoms. These carbocycles may be either aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems. The non- aromatic ring systems may be mono- or polyunsaturated. Preferred carbocycles include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptanyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, benzocyclobutanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptanyl and benzocycloheptenyl. Certain terms for cycloalkyl such as cyclobutanyl and cyclobutyl shall be used interchangeably.
The term "heterocycle" refers to a stable nonaromatic 4-8 membered (but preferably, 5 or 6 membered) monocyclic or nonaromatic 8-11 membered bicyclic or spirocyclic heterocycle radical which may be either saturated or unsaturated. Each heterocycle consists of carbon atoms and one or more, preferably from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The heterocycle may be attached by any atom of the cycle, which results in the creation of a stable structure.
The term "heteroaryl" shall be understood to mean an aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic or 8-11 membered bicyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms such as N, O and S.
Unless otherwise stated, heterocycles and heteroaryl include but are not limited to, for example furanyl, pyranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, thiadiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1- dioxo-lλ6-thiomorpholinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, dihydro-2H- quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, indazolyl, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl and benzodioxolyl.
The term "heteroatom" as used herein shall be understood to mean atoms other than carbon such as O, N, S and P.
In all alkyl groups or carbon chains one or more carbon atoms can be optionally replaced by heteroatoms: O, S or N, it shall be understood that if N is not substituted then it is NH, it shall also be understood that the heteroatoms may replace either terminal carbon atoms or internal carbon atoms within a branched or unbranched carbon chain. Such groups can be substituted as herein above described by groups such as oxo to result in definitions such as but not limited to: alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, amido and thioxo.
The term "aryl" as used herein shall be understood to mean aromatic carbocycle or heteroaryl as defined herein. Each aryl or heteroaryl unless otherwise specified includes it's partially or fully hydrogenated derivative. For example, quinolinyl may include decahydroquinolinyl and tetrahydroquinolinyl, naphthyl may include its hydrogenated derivatives such as tetrahydranaphthyl. Other partially or fully hydrogenated derivatives of the aryl and heteroaryl compounds described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
As used herein, "nitrogen" and "sulfur" include any oxidized form of nitrogen and sulfur and the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen. For example, for an -S-C1-6 alkyl radical, unless otherwise specified, this shall be understood to include -S(O)-Ci_6 alkyl and - S(O)2-Ci-6 alkyl.
The term "alkyl" refers to a saturated aliphatic radical containing from one to ten carbon atoms or a mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from two to twelve carbon atoms. A mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical must contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively. "Alkyl" refers to both branched and unbranched alkyl groups. It should be understood that any combination term using an "alk" or "alkyl" prefix refers to analogs according to the above definition of "alkyl". For example, terms such as "alkoxy", "alkythio" refer to alkyl groups linked to a second group via an oxygen or sulfur atom. "Alkanoyl" refers to an alkyl group linked to a carbonyl group (C=O).
The term "halogen" as used in the present specification shall be understood to mean bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine, preferably fluorine. The definitions "halogenated", "partially or fully halogenated"; partially or fully fluorinated; "substituted by one or more halogen atoms", includes for example, mono, di or tri halo derivatives on one or more carbon atoms. For alkyl, a nonlimiting example would be -CH2CHF2, -CF3 etc.
Each alkyl, carbocycle, heterocycle or heteroaryl, or the analogs thereof, described herein shall be understood to be optionally partially or fully halogenated.
The compounds of the invention are only those which are contemplated to be 'chemically stable' as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, a compound which would have a 'dangling valency', or a 'carbanion' are not compounds contemplated by the inventive methods disclosed herein. The invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I). A "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, or any other compound which, upon administration to a patient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound useful for the invention, or a pharmacologically active metabolite or pharmacologically active residue thereof. A pharmacologically active metabolite shall be understood to mean any compound of the invention capable of being metabolized enzymatically or chemically. This includes, for example, hydroxylated or oxidized derivative compounds of the invention.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycolic, lactic, salicylic, succinic, toluene-p-sulfuric, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulfonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2- sulfuric and benzenesulfonic acids. Other acids, such as oxalic acid, while not themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium), alkaline earth metal
(e.g., magnesium), ammonium and N-(C \-C^ alkyl)^"1" salts.
In addition, within the scope of the invention is use of prodrugs of compounds of the invention. Prodrugs include those compounds that, upon simple chemical transformation, are modified to produce compounds of the invention. Simple chemical transformations include hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. Specifically, when a prodrug is administered to a patient, the prodrug may be transformed into a compound disclosed hereinabove, thereby imparting the desired pharmacological effect.
The compounds of formula I may be made using the general synthetic methods described below, which also constitute part of the invention.
GENERAL SYNTHETIC METHODS The invention additionally provides for methods for making compounds of formula I. The compounds of the invention may be prepared by the general methods and examples presented below, and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art and reported in the chemical literature. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Intermediate benzyl amines are commercially available, or may be synthesized via catalytic reduction of the corresponding aryl nitriles with Pd/C (Van Rompaey, K. et al. Tetrahedron, 2003, 59 (24), 4421) or Raney Ni (Gould, F. et al. J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 1658) or through displacement of a benzyl bromide with sodium azide and reduction. Intermediate aminomethylpyridines may also be commercially available or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, methods of preparing 1-substituted-l- (pyridyl)methylamines from aldehydes or ketones are known (see, Kuduk, S. D. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 6641 and Chelucci, G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2006, 17, 3163) and methods of preparing homoallylic primary amines are known (see, Kobayashi, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11038). Methods of preparing 2,2,2-trifluoro-l- pyridyl-ethylamine are known (see, Olah, G. A., et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 589). Intermediate carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl hydrazines may also be commercially available or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Nishino, S. et al. (2006) EP1661894 and Inoue, H. et al. (2004) EP1454897). Amide bond formations may be carried out by standard coupling conditions well-known in the art (see, for example, M. Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Synthesis (Springer- Verlag: 1984), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), for example, by reacting a carboxylic acid and an amine in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Reaction progress may be monitored by conventional methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC). Intermediates and products may be purified by methods known in the art, including column chromatography, HPLC or recrystallization. The methods described below and in the Synthetic Examples section may be used to prepare the compounds of formula Ia where W is carbon and Y is nitrogen (Scheme I and II) and of formula Ib where W is nitrogen and Y is carbon (Scheme III and IV). In the schemes below, Ar1, Ar2, and Ri - R3, shall have the meanings defined in the detailed description of formula I.
Compounds of formula Ia where W is carbon and Y is nitrogen may be prepared as shown in Scheme I.
Scheme I
Figure imgf000105_0001
As illustrated above, a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar1 is reacted with 3,5-dibromo-4- pyridinecarboxaldehyde (Ha) in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone X. Reaction of X with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £ra«s-Λf,iV'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K2CO3 and in a suitable solvent such as iV-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-4-bromo-azaindazole IVa. Heating IVa in sealed pressure vessel with the optionally substituted intermediate VI in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst such as Pd[PhCN]2Cl2, a suitable ligand such as 1,1- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and a base such as Et3N, in a solvent such as toluene in a CO atmosphere pressurized at about 15 bars provides the desired compound of formula Ia. An alternate approach that may be used to obtain compounds of formula I where W is carbon and Y is nitrogen is illustrated in Scheme II.
hydrolysis
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000106_0002
IVa Xl V
1 . SOCL
Figure imgf000106_0003
As illustrated in Scheme II, intermediate IVa may be heated with pressurized CO, in the presence of a suitable base and catalyst as described above in absolute ethanol to provide the ethyl ester XL The ester is then hydrolyzed for example by treatment with a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid V. This may then be reacted with an amine of formula VI under coupling conditions well known in the art such as by treatment with SOCl2 to form the intermediate acyl chloride followed by reaction with intermediate VI in the presence of a base such as Et3N or K2CO3 to provide the desired compound of formula Ia. The intermediate acyl chloride may be reacted in situ or isolated first if desired.
Compounds of formula Ib where W is nitrogen and Y is carbon may be prepared as shown in Scheme III. In the schemes below, Ar1, Ar2, and Ri - R3, shall have the meanings defined in the detailed description of formula I. Scheme III
Figure imgf000107_0001
1 . Coupling Reagent
Hydrolysis
Figure imgf000107_0002
As illustrated above, a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar1 is reacted with 4-bromo-3- pyridinecarboxaldehyde XII in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone XIII. Reaction of XIII with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £raws-Λf,Λf'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K2CO3 and in a suitable solvent such as N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-5-azaindazole XIV. Oxidation of azaindazole XIV with a suitable oxidizing agent such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid or hydrogen peroxide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) or EtOAc provides the iV-oxide XV. Treatment of XV with trimethylsilyl cyanide in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile in the presence of a suitable base such as Et3N provides 1- substituted-4-cyano-5-azaindazole XVI. The cyanoazaindazole XVI is hydrolyzed by treatment with a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid XVII. This may then be reacted with an amine of formula XVII under coupling conditions well known in the art such as by treatment with SOCl2 or, benzotriazol-l-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) or, O-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-ΛWΛf',Λf'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) or, O-(benzotriazol-l-yl-Λf,Λf,Λf',ΛT-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) in the presence of a base such as Et3N or iV,iV-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) in a suitable solvent such as DMF to provide the desired compound of formula Ib.
An alternate approach that may be used to obtain compounds of formula Ib where W is nitrogen and Y is carbon is illustrated in Scheme IV.
Scheme IV
^AAr,0,
Figure imgf000108_0001
XVIII XIX XX Vl
Figure imgf000108_0002
As illustrated above, 5-azaindazole XVIII is reacted with AriX (XIX) where X is a halogen (Br or I) in the presence of a suitable diamine catalyst such as trans-N, N'- dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K2CO3 in a suitable solvent such as DMF to provide a 1-substituted- 5-azaindazole XX. Alcohol XX may then be treated with manganese (IV) oxide in the presence of sodium cyanide and an amine of formula VI in a suitable solvent such as THF to provide the desired compound of formula Ib. Compounds of formula I (which includes Ia and Ib) prepared by the above methods may be further converted to additional compounds of formula I by methods known in the art and exemplified in the Synthetic Examples section below.
SYNTHETIC EXAMPLES
General Methods: All reactions were run at room temperature unless note otherwise. All compounds were characterized by one or all of the following methods: 1H NMR, HPLC, HPLC-MS, and melting point. Retention times (RT) are reported in Table I using one of the following methods:
Figure imgf000109_0001
Figure imgf000110_0001
Figure imgf000110_0002
Example 1: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (1)
Figure imgf000111_0001
To a solution of 3,5-dibromo-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (30.0 g, 113 mmol) in ethanol (1200 niL) at reflux was added 4-fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (20.0 g, 123 mmol) in several portions followed by a solution of sodium acetate (31.0 g, 228 mmol) in water (200 mL). The mixture turned from a deep red to a bright yellow and over time a yellow solid precipitated. After 20 minutes, the mixture was cooled, diluted with water (1000 mL) and the yellow solid was collected by filtration. The solid was washed with water and dried to afford Λf-[l-(3,5-dibromopyridin-4-yl)-meth-(iT)-yridene]-iV'-(4- fluorophenyl)-hydrazine.
A mixture of N-[l-(3,5-dibromopyridin-4-yl)-meth-(£')-ylidene]-A^-(4-fluorophenyl)- hydrazine (2.0 g, 5.4 mmol), CuI (50.0 mg, 0.260 mmol), trans -N,N'- dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine (0.200 mL, 1.27 mmol), and K2CO3 (1.4 g, 0.010 mol) in NMP (10 mL) was warmed at 12O0C for 30 minutes. The reaction was monitored by HPLC-MS indicating the desired mass. The mixture was diluted with aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and the resulting solid collected by filtration. The solid was dissolved in hot ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated. The residue was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with dichloromethane to afford 4-bromo-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine. The following intermediate 4-bromo-l -substituted 6-azaindazoles were also prepared by the methods described in Example 1 :
4-Bromo-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine,
4-Bromo-l-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine, and
4-Bromo-l-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine.
A mixture of 4-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (340 mg, 1.2 mmol), Et3N (320 μL, 2.3 mmol), 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine (250 μL, 1.7 mmol), Pd[PhCN]2Cl2 (10 mg, 0.03 mmol), and l,l-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) (0.04 g, 0.07 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was sealed in a bomb with stirring, placed under 15 bars of carbon monoxide and warmed at 14O0C. After 3 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, returned to atmospheric pressure and opened. The reaction was monitored by ΗPLC-MS indicating the desired mass M+ = 415.43. The reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-30% EtOAc in dichloromethane to afford partially purified material. The material from the column was triturated with ether- hexanes to afford an off-white solid. This material was dissolved in dichloromethane and passed through a pad of silica gel (15 mL funnel) eluting with a gradient of 0-40% dichloromethane in EtOAc. The material from the pad was triturated with ether to afford the title compound, mp 172-1730C.
The following compound was also prepared by the methods described in Example 1: l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3-methanesulfonyl- benzylamide.
Example 2: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 2-methanesulfonyl-benzylamide (2)
Figure imgf000113_0001
A mixture of 4-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (3.5 g, 12 mmol), Et3N (3.5 niL, 25 mmol), Pd[PhCN]2Cl2 (105 mg, 0.273 mmol), and dppf (418 mg, 0.754 mmol) in absolute ethanol (90 mL) was placed in a sealed bomb with stirring and placed under 15 bars of carbon monoxide and warmed to 14O0C for 4 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, returned to atmospheric pressure and opened. The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc-hexanes 4:6 and EtOAc) indicating the starting material was consumed. The reaction was diluted with water (300 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration washing with water. The filtrate was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL). The still moist filter cake was dissolved in EtOAc and combined with the extracted organic layers, dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon) and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and a layer of silica gel. The material from the pad was dissolved in dichloromethane and passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with dichloromethane to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
A mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2.75 g, 9.64 mmol) and 85% potassium hydroxide pellets (6.4 g, 84 mmol) in methanol-water was warmed at reflux for 15 minutes and then stirred overnight. The mixture was then diluted with water (300 mL) and then a dilute solution of aqueous HCl (1 equivalent based on mass of KOΗ) was added in several portions (final pΗ = 5). The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried by pulling vacuum through the filter cake to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid.
The following intermediate carboxylic acids were also prepared by the methods described in Example 2:
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid,
l-(Tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid, and
l-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid.
A suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (75 mg, 0.29 mmol) in 3 mL of thionyl chloride was warmed at reflux for 1 hour. The yellow suspension dissolved after approximately 30 minutes. The mixture was then concentrated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen. To the yellow solid was added dichloromethane (15 mL) followed by 2-(methylsulfonyl)benzylamine hydrochloride (70 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Et3N (0.600 mL, 4.31 mmol). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated, diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with EtOAc-dichloromethane (0:100, then 1:1). The material from the column was triturated with ether to afford the title compound as a white solid.
The following compounds were also prepared by the methods described in Example 2:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-cyano-pyridin-4- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6-bromopyridin-3- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 2-chloro-4- methylsulfamoyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-methylsulfamoyl- benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-methanesulfonyl- benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(isopropylsulfamoyl- methyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4- methylsulfamoylmethyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(2-dimethylamino- ethylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5-bromopyridin-3- ylmethyl) - amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-bromopyridin-4- ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(piperidine-l- sulfonylmethyl)-benzylamide,
[5-({ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)- pyridin-2-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(morpholine-4- sulfonylmethyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4- cyclohexylsulfamoylmethyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(4-methyl- piperazine- 1 -sulfonylmethyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-[(cyclohexylmethyl- sulfamoyl)-methyl] -benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-{ [(tetrahydro-furan- 2-ylmethyl)- sulf amoyl] -methyl } -benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3- methanesulfonylmethyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6-dimethylamino- pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4- [methyl- (1-methyl- piperidin-4-yl)-sulfamoyl]-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [6-(methanesulfonyl- methyl-amino)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6- cyclopropanesulfonylamino-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [6-(dimethylamino- sulfonylamino)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(2-hydroxy- ethylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(3-oxo-piperazine-l- sulfonyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3-methanesulfonyl-5- trifluoromethyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {6-[(2-dimethylamino- ethyl)-methanesulfonyl-amino] -pyridin-3-ylmethyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [6-(2- dimethylaminoethyl-l-methylamino-sulfonylamino)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6-dimethylsulfamoyl- pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { 6-[methanesulfonyl- (2-methoxy-ethyl)-amino] -pyridin-3-ylmethyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-bromopyridin-4- yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- bromopyridin-3-yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(6-bromopyridin-3- yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^)-I-(O- bromopyridin-2-yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- bromopyridin-3-yl)-butyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-bromopyridin-4- yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- bromopyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- bromopyridin-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(3- bromophenyl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- bromopyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-methyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1 -methyl- lH-pyrazol- 4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1 -methyl- lH-pyrazol- 3-ylmethyl)-amide,
3-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester,
4-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3-methyl-3H- imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-CS-bromo- thiophen-2-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(2-hydroxy-l- methyl-ethylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide. Example 3: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-oxy-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (3)
Figure imgf000120_0001
To a mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (0.070 g, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (3 niL) was added Et3N (110 μL, 0.79 mmol) followed by benzotriazol-l-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) (170 mg, 0.33 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature and then 4-(4- methyl-piperazine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamine (80 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added. After 3 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-25% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a colorless powder.
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 3:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(tetrahydropyran-4- ylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(4-methyl- piperazine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(morpholine-4- sulfonyl)-benzylamide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3,5-dimethyl- benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3,5-dichloro- benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)- methyl- sulf amoyl] -benzylamide,
[4-({ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)- benzenesulfonylamino] -acetic acid methyl ester,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3,5-bis- trifluoromethyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-{ [methyl-(l-methyl- piperidin-4-yl)-sulfamoyl] -methyl } -benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-[(l-methyl- piperidin-4-ylsulfamoyl)-methyl]-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3-methoxy-4- methylsulfamoyl-benzylamide,
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- bromopyridin-3-yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- bromopyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-l-(2- bromopyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-((i?)-2-hydroxy- propylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-((5r)-2-hydroxy- propylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S^-l-Q-bromo-^- methoxy-phenyl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-l-(3-bromo-4- methoxy-phenyl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(3-bromo-4- methoxy-phenyl) -butyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-l-(3-bromo-4- methoxy-phenyl) -butyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(2-hydroxy-2- methyl-propylsulfamoyl)-benzylamide,
2-[5-({ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)- pyridin-2-ylamino] -propionic acid ethyl ester,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-bromo-3- methoxy-phenyl)-propyl] -amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methylsulfanyl-oxazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(SΗ-ClH-imidazoM- yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-bromo-2- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-l-(lH-pyrazol-4- yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(lH-pyrazol-4- yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(methanesulfonyl- methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-morpholin-4-yl- pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl- lH-pyrrol-2-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(i?)-l-[l-(toluene-4- sulfonyl)- lH-pyrrol-3-yl] -propyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(5r)-l-[l-(toluene-4- sulfonyl)- lH-pyrrol-3-yl] -propyl } -amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(^-l-fS-bromo-l- (toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-pyrrol-3-yl] -propyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(acetyl-methyl- amino)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-morpholin-4-yl- pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(methanesulfonyl- methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { l-[2-
(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-5-yl] -propyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { (S)-I- [4-bromo-l- (toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-pyrrol-2-yl] -propyl } -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { (R)-I -[4-bromo-l- (toluene-4- sulfonyl) - 1 H-pyrrol-2- yl] -propyl } -amide .
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 3 with the following modification. The coupling reagent benzotriazol-1- yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) was replaced with O-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (ΗATU):
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methylsulfanyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(6- methanesulfonyl- 1 -oxy-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(l-methyl-lH- imidazol-4-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- 1 -(I -methyl- IH- pyrazol-4-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(Tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((^-l-thiophen-S-yl- propyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((i?)-l-thiophen-3-yl- propyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl-l- oxy-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- bromopyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide, l-(Tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-thiazol-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-bromo- thiazol-2-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-bromo- thiazol-2-yl)-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-Cl-bromo- pyridin-4-yl)-2-cyano-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-l-(2-bromo- pyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-bromo-6-methyl- pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (lH-pyrrolo[2,3- Z?]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1-methanesulfonyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-2,2,2-D3]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-l,2,2,2-D4] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S^-l-Q-bromo- isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3-bromo-isoxazol-5- ylmethyl) - amide .
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 3 with the following modification. The coupling reagent benzotriazol-1- yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) was replaced with O- (benzotriazol-l-yl-Λf,Λf,Λf\Λf'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (ΗBTU):
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl-6- methoxy-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000127_0001
methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-Q-methyl-SH- imidazol-4-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5-bromo-thiophen-2- ylmethyl) - amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (4-bromo-thiophen-2- ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-bromo-thiazol-4- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-bromo-thiazol-5- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-ethyl-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((5r)-l-thiazol-2-yl- propyl)-amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-thiophen-3-yl)-ρropyl]-amide.
Example 4: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-oxy-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (4)
Figure imgf000128_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3- trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (0.060 g, 0.14 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added 77% m- chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) (50 mg, 0.2 mmol). After 18 hours, a precipitate formed and the mixture was diluted with ether (5 mL) and the precipitate collected by filtration washing with ether to afford the title compound.
Example 5: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-4-(3-trifluoromethyl- benzylcarbamoyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-ium iodide (5)
Figure imgf000129_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3- trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (0.060 g, 0.14 mmol) in TΗF (2 mL) was added iodomethane (0.50 mL, 4.0 mmol). The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc- hexanes 4:6). After 11 days, the reaction afforded a white precipitate. The mixture was concentrated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue triturated with ether with a few drops of methanol and then hexanes was added. The solid was collected by filtration to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
Example 6: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide (6)
Figure imgf000129_0002
To a microwave tube charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-bromopyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide (62 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added copper (II) trifluoromethanesulfonate (53 mg, 0.15 mmol), sodium methanesulfinate (24 mg, 0.24 mmol) and iV,iV'dimethylethylene diamine (47 μL, 0.44 mmol). The mixture was warmed at HO0C for 45 minutes in the microwave. The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc). The reaction was the diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 7 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 7 mL), brine (7 mL), aqueous K2CO3 (7 mL), brine (7 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The solid was triturated with ether to afford the title compound.
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 6:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methaneSulfonyl-pyridin-S-yl^ethylJ-amide,
l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-l-(3- methanesulfonyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(3- methanesulfonyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(3- methanesulfonyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-l-(3- methanesulfonyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^)-I-(S- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^)-I-(S- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide.
Example 7: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide (7)
Figure imgf000132_0001
To a microwave tube charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-bromopyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide (80 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMSO (3 mL) was added magnesium bromide ethanesulfinate salt (122 mg, 0.618 mmol) (prepared by treating the Grignard reagent, ethylmagnesium bromide with SO2) followed by copper iodide (210 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was warmed in a microwave at 13O0C for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc) indicating a major new more polar product than starting bromide. The reaction was diluted with first saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (5 mL) and then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL), brine (3 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated. The solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc-dichloromethane (25:75, then 1:1, then 66:34, then 75:25). The material from the column was triturated with ether to afford the title compound as a white solid.
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 7: l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6- cyclopropanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5-ethanesulfonyl- pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-ethanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2- cyclopropanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- ethane^ulfonyl-pyridin-S-y^-propyll-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
The following compound was also isolated during the preparation of l-(4- Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl] -amide from methods described in Example 7:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((^-l-pyridin- 4-yl-but-3-enyl)-amide.
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-amide.
The following methylsulfones were also prepared by methods described in Example 7 using sodium methanesulfinate and CuI in DMSO:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5-methanesulfonyl- thiophen-2- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (4-methanesulfonyl- thiophen-2- ylmethyl) - amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl- thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-amide, and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl- thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide.
Example 8: Synthesis of 3-[5-({[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (8)
Figure imgf000136_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6- bromopyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide (150 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMSO (2 niL) was added sodium 3-methoxy-3-oxopropane-l-sulfinate (125 mg, 0.717 mmol) followed by copper (I) iodide (135 mg, 0.708 mmol). The mixture was then warmed in a microwave at HO0C for 35 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc) indicating a new slightly more polar product than starting bromide. The reaction was then diluted with brine (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with EtOAc-dichloromethane (25:75, then 1:1, then 75:25). The material from the column was triturated with ether to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 8:
3-[4-({ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)- pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester,
3-[5-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-butyl)- pyridine- 3 -sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester, 3-[5-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-butyl)- pyridine-3-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester,
The following two compounds were also isolated during the preparation of 3- [5- ((S)- 1 -{ [ 1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl] -amino }- butyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester from methods described in Example 8:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-pyridin- 3-yl-butyl)-amide, and
3-[5-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-butyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonyl]-propionic acid,
3-[5-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- propyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester,
The following two compounds were also isolated as products during the preparation of 3-[5-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl] -amino }-propyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester from methods described in Example 8:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-pyridin- 3-yl-propyl)-amide, and
3-[5-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino } -propyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonyl] -propionic acid,
3-[6-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino }-ethyl)- pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester, The following compound was also isolated as products during the preparation of 3-[6-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-ethyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester from methods described in Example 8:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-pyridin- 2-yl-ethyl)-amide,
3-[4-((S)-I-J [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino }- propyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester,
3-[4-((S)-I-J [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino }-ethyl)- pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester,
The following compound was also isolated during the preparation of 3-[4-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-ethyl)- pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester from methods described in Example 8:
3-[4-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino } -ethyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid,
3-[5-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-ethyl)- pyridine- 3 -sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester, and
3-[6-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- propyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester,
The following compound was also isolated during the preparation of 3-[6-((S)-I- { [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- pyridine-2-sulfonyl] -propionic acid methyl ester from methods described in Example 8:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((^-l-pyridin- 2-yl-propyl)-amide.
Example 9: Synthesis of Acetic acid 2-{[4-({[l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-benzenesulfonyl]-methyl-amino}-ethyl ester
(9)
Figure imgf000139_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 4-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-sulfamoyl]-benzylamide (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), Et3N (16 μL, 0.14 mmol) in dichloromethane was added acetyl chloride (0.010 mL, 0.11 mmol). After 4 hours, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 1 N aqueous HCl, water, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 9:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(l-acetyl-piperidin- 3-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(l-acetyl-piperidin- 4-yl)-propyl] -amide. Example 10: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [2-(3-hydroxy-propane-l-sulfonyl)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-amide (10)
Figure imgf000140_0001
To a room temperature solution of 3-[4-({ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (33 mg, 0.066 mmol) in TΗF (5 mL) was added lithium borohydride (8.6 mg, 0.40 mmol). The mixture was then warmed at reflux. After 1 hour, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (50 mL) and diluted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% MeOH in CH2Cl2. The residue was further purified by reversed-phase HPLC. The desired fractions were combined and lyophilized to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 10:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(5r)-l-[2-(3-hydroxy- propane- 1 - sulfonyl)-pyridin-4-yl] -ethyl } -amide.
Example 11: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [6-(2-methoxy-ethylsulfamoyl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide (11)
Figure imgf000141_0001
To a solution of 3-[5-({ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (100 mg, 0.2 mmol) in TΗF (5 rnL) was added a freshly prepared 8% solution of sodium ethoxide (200 μL, 0.2 mmol) in ethanol. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and was monitored for the disappearance of starting material by TLC (EtOAc). The mixture was then concentrated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen. The mixture was again diluted with TΗF and then iV-chlorosuccinimide (55 mg, 0.41 mmol) was added. After 15 minutes, 2- methoxyethylamine (0.100 mL, 1.15 mmol) was added in one portion. After 15 minutes, the mixture was diluted with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol-EtOAc (0:100, then 0.5:99.5, then 1:99, then 2:98). The material from the column was purified a second time by using preparative silica gel TLC eluting with methanol-EtOAc (1:9). The material from the plate was triturated with EtOAc-ether-hexanes to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 11:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- eye lopropylsulfamoyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [6-(tetrahydropyran-4- ylsulfamoyl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide. The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 11 with the following modification: iV-chlorosuccinimide was replaced with Chloroamine T:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(5- methylsulfamoyl-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methylsulfamoyl-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide.
The following compound was also isolated during the preparation of l-(4- Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(5- methylsulfamoyl-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl] -amide from methods described in Example 11:
5-((S)-I-I [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- butyl)-pyridine-3-sulfonic acid.
Example 12: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-sulfamoyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (12)
Figure imgf000142_0001
A solution of 3-[4-({ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (37 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added a freshly prepared 15% solution of sodium methoxide (28 μL, 0.08 mmol) in methanol. After 15 minutes, the mixture was placed in a water bath and a solution of iV-hydroxylamine-0-sulfonic acid (168 mg, 1.49 mmol) and sodium acetate (97 mg, 1.2 mmol) in water (4 rnL) was added. The water bath was then removed. After 60 hours, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water (20 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (4 x 20 mL, until the pH = 5), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The material from the column was triturated with ether (3 times), filtered and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a white solid.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 12:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(5-sulfamoyl- pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-sulfamoyl- pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-sulfamoyl- pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-sulfamoyl- pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-sulfamoyl- pyridin-2-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(2-sulfamoyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(2-sulfamoyl- pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-sulfamoyl- pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl] -amide.
Example 13: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 4-(4-hydroxy-piperidine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamide (13)
Figure imgf000144_0001
To a chilled (-780C) solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 4-(4-methoxy-piperidine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamide (0.080 g, 0.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 niL) was added a 1 M solution of boron tribromide (0.2 rnL, 0.2 mmol) in dichloromethane. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LC-MS indicating partial conversion. Additional boron tribromide (0.4 mL, 0.4 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and was then extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 5 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-30% acetonitrile in EtOAc to afford the title compound as a colorless solid.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 13:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-hydroxy-3- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-butyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-l-(4-hydroxy-3- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-butyl]-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [6-(2-hydroxy- ethylsulfamoyl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-hydroxy-3- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(3-hydroxy-4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 3-hydroxy-4- methanesulfonyl-benzylamide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 2-hydroxy-4- methanesulfonyl-benzylamide.
Example 14: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonylamino-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (14)
Figure imgf000145_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2,2- bismethanesulfonylamino-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (36 mg, 0.069 mmol) in TΗF (1 mL) was added a 1 M solution of tetra-w-butylammonium fluoride (347 μL, 0.347 mmol) in TΗF and the mixture was warmed at reflux. After 1 hour, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (15 mL) and diluted with EtOAc (15 mL). The organic phase was separated and washed with NaHCO3 (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a solid.
Example 15: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (15)
Figure imgf000146_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- ethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl]-amide (136 mg, 0.284 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was hydrogenated over 10% Pd/C using a continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (conditions: full H2 mode, flow rate 1 niL/minute, 3O0C, 1 atmosphere). The solution was concentrated in vacuo and purified by reversed-phase HPLC using a 20 minute gradient of 5-95% acetonitrile (0.1%TFA) in water (0.1%TFA) (flow rate = 25 niL/min). The desired fractions were combined, neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as an off white solid.
Example 16: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (16)
Figure imgf000146_0002
A microwave vial charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.10 g, 0.22 mmol), PS- triphenylphosphine (20 mg, 0.04 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (5 mg, 0.02 mmol), zinc cyanide (26 mg, 0.22 mmol) and DMF (2 mL) was warmed in a microwave at 14O0C. After 30 minutes, additional zinc cyanide (25 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added and the mixture was warmed in a microwave at 14O0C. After 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered washing with diethyl ether. The filtrate was diluted with ether and washed with water (2 x 40 mL) and brine (40 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The crude material was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC. The desired fractions from the column were concentrated diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 25 mL), dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound.
Example 17: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-carbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (17a) and 4-((S)-I- {[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (17b)
Figure imgf000147_0001
To a mixture of solution of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (1 mL), 1 N aqueous NaOH (3 mL) and methanol (1 mL) was added l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine- 4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (40 mg, 0.1 mmol). After 4 hours, the reaction was concentrated and dissolved in DMSO (0.5 rnL), acetonitrile- water (1 rnL), filtered and purified by reversed-phase HPLC. The desired fractions containing the amide were concentrated, diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The desired fractions containing the carboxylic acid were concentrated to afford the title compounds.
Example 18: Synthesis of [4-({[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (18)
Figure imgf000148_0001
A solution of 3-[4-({ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (200 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was treated a 15% solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (150 μL, 0.42 mmol). After 15 minutes, the mixture was cooled (water bath) and ethyl iodoacetate (50 μL, 0.42 mmol) was added followed by removal of the water bath. After 18 hours, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (30 mL) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-6% methanol in dichloromethane. The material from the column was twice triturated with ether, filtered and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a tan solid.
Example 19: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (19)
Figure imgf000149_0001
A sealed tube charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.10 g, 0.22 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (45 mg, 0.67 mmol) and DIPEA (203 μL, 1.17 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was warmed at 16O0C. After 16 hours, the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (5 x 10 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 19 with the following modification. The chloropyridine was reacted with morpholine in the absence of DIPEA:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(2-morpholin-4- yl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide.
Example 20: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid {(S)-l-[2-(acetyl-methyl-amino)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl}-amide (20)
Figure imgf000149_0002
A mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- methylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) and acetic anhydride (2.0 mL, 21 mmol) was warmed at 6O0C. After 4 hours, the mixture was diluted with 1 N aqueous NaOH. After 20 minutes, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The material was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound.
Example 21: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-carbamoylmethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (21)
Figure imgf000150_0001
In a sealed tube, a solution of [4-({ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) in a 7 N solution of ammonia in methanol (345 μL, 2.41 mmol) was warmed at 1000C. After 6 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the resulting precipitate collected by filtration. The solid was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC (Cl 8 column, flow rate = 25 niL/minute) using a 20 minute gradient of 5-95% acetonitrile (0.1% TFA) in water (0.1% TFA). Desired fractions from the column were combined and neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, concentrated and extracted with a 10% solution of methanol in dichloromethane (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layer were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The solid was triturated with methanol (3 x 1 mL), filtered and dried to afford the title compound.
Example 22: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-carbamoylmethanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (22)
Figure imgf000151_0001
To a room temperature solution of 3-[4-((S)-I-J [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-ethyl)-pyridine-2-sulfonyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (120 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMSO (1.7 mL) was added a freshly prepared solution of 14% sodium methoxide in methanol (90 μL, 0.23 mmol). The reaction was monitored by TLC. After 10 minutes, iV-chloro-p-toruenesulfonamide sodium salt (chloramine T) (106 mg, 0.465 mmol) was added. The mixture stirred for 20 minutes and then 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.3 mL) was added. The mixture stirred overnight, ΗPLC-MS indicated formation of desired product and sulfonyl chloride. Additional 1 N aqueous NaOH (0.2 mL) was added. After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in DMSO (2.3 mL) followed by dilution with water (0.3 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC (Sunfire Prep C18 OBD 5 mM, 30 x 150 mm column) using a gradient of 15-85% acetonitrile in water (0.1% TFA). The solid from the column was washed with ether and hexanes and collected by filtration to afford the title compound.
Example 23: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid ((S)-l-pyridin-4-yl-propyl)-amide (23)
Figure imgf000151_0002
A mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- bromopyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (165 mg, 0.363 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (77 mg) in ethanol (10 mL) was placed under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen (balloon). After 16 hours, diatamacous earth (300 mg) was added and the mixture and the solution was filtered through diatamacous earth and concentrated to afford an oil. The crude material was dissolved in a 4:1 mixture of acetonitrile in water and purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC. The desired fractions from the column were concentrated to remove the acetonitrile, diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 23 using ethanol as the reaction solvent:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((^-l-thiophen-l-yl- propyl)-amide.
Example 24: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (l-piperidin-3-yl-propyl)-amide (24)
Figure imgf000152_0001
To 3-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.1 g, 2.3 mmol) was added a 10% solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and the reaction was monitored by ΗPLC-MS indicating incomplete conversion. Additional trifluoroacetic acid (1 rnL) was added. The mixture stirred until HPLC-MS indicated starting material was consumed. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (pH = 10), washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. A portion of the crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (Sunfire PrepClδ OBD 5mM 30 x 150mm column) eluting with a gradient of 15-85% acetonitrile in water (0.1% TFA). The fractions from the column were concentrated to remove acetonitrile made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were dried and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white foam.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 24:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (l-piperidin-4-yl- propyl)-amide.
Example 25: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (25)
Figure imgf000153_0001
The solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1- piperidin-3-yl-propyl)-amide (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) and Et3N (58 μL, 0.42 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (31 μL, 0.39 mmol). After 18 hours, the cloudy mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-95% EtOAc in hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid. The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 25:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [1-(1- methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide.
Example 26: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-carbamoyl-piperidin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (26)
Figure imgf000154_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1- piperidin-3-yl-propyl)-amide (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) was added Et3N (79 μL, 0.79 mmol) followed by 85% trimethylsilyl isocyanate (125 μL, 0.784 mmol). After 4 hours, the cloudy mixture was filtered and attempts to crystallize the solid proved unsuccessful. The solid and filtrate was combined and diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a white solid.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 26:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(l-carbamoyl- piperidin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide.
Example 27: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfinyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (27)
Figure imgf000155_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I- (2-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (0.10 mg, 0.24 mmol) in MeOH (5 niL) was added an aqueous solution of sodium periodate (51 mg, 0.24 mmol). After 1.5 hours, a solid precipitated and additional MeOH (3 mL) was added. After 5 days, mixture was concentrated and partitioned between water (5 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC (Sunfire PrepClδ OBD 5mM 30 x 150 mm column) eluting with a gradient of 15-75% acetonitrile in water (0.1% TFA). The fractions from the column were concentrated to remove acetonitrile, made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
Example 28: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (28)
Figure imgf000155_0002
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1- piperidin-4-yl-propyl)-amide (0.10 mg, 0.26 mmol) and 37% aqueous formaldehyde (157 μL, 2.1 mmol) in MeOH (3 niL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (83 mg, 0.39 mmol). After 2 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography (Sunfire PrepClδ OBD 5mM 30 x 150 mm column) eluting with a gradient of 5-75% acetonitrile in water (0.1% TFA). The fractions from the column were concentrated to remove acetonitrile, made basic with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 27:
1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [ 1 -( 1 -methyl- piperidin-3-yl)-propyl] -amide.
Example 29: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid {(S)-l-[2-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl}-amide (29)
Figure imgf000156_0001
A sealed tube was charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (75 mg, 0.19 mmol), sodium azide (37 mg, 0.58 mmol) and DMF (1 mL) and warmed at 12O0C. After 16 hours, the reaction was diluted with a 4:1 mixture of acetonitrile in water, filtered and purified by reverse-phase chromatography. The desired fractions from the column were concentrated and dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound. Example 30: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (30)
Figure imgf000157_0001
Λ/-methylmorpholine anhydride
Figure imgf000157_0002
Figure imgf000157_0003
To a 1 L flask was charged 3,5-dibromopyridine-4-carboxaldehyde (50.0 g, 188.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 4-fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (31.0 g, 190.7 mmol, 1.01 eq). NMP (250 mL) was charged, and the resulting slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. A solution of aqueous KOH was prepared from 85% KOH pellets (27.4 g, 415.2 mmol, 2.2 eq) and water (27.4 mL), and this KOH solution was charged to the reaction mixture. The batch was heated to 8O0C and held at this temperature for 30-60 minutes. Water (250 mL) was then charged at 8O0C, and the resulting slurry was cooled to ambient temperature over 4-16 hours. The slurry was filtered, the solid was washed with water, and oven dried under vacuum to afford 4-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine as a tan colored solid, 51.5 g, 99.3 area % purity by ΗPLC, 93% yield.
To a 1 L flask was charged 4-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (50.0 g, 171.1 mmol, 1 eq) and TΗF (300 mL). The slurry was cooled to -2O0C. i- PrMgCl solution (128.2 mL, 256.4 mmol, 2.0 M in TΗF, 1.5 eq) was charged at a rate to keep the temperature below -1O0C. The batch was held at -1O0C for 3 hours. CO2 gas was then bubbled into the reaction mixture until the temperature increase peaked, and the temperature began to drop. The temperature was adjusted to 220C, and /-PrOAc (325 mL) was added. A solution of aqueous HCl was prepared from concentrated HCl (55 rnL) and water (195 rnL). About 10 mL of this HCl solution was charged to the reaction mixture to achieve pH 6-7. The batch was then heated to 550C, and the remaining -240 mL of the HCl solution was charged. The batch was cooled to ambient temperature over 1 hour, and held at this temperature for 1 hour. The batch was then filtered, and the solid washed with water and /-PrOAc. The solid was oven dried under vacuum to afford l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid as a yellow solid, 38.4 g, 90 wt.% purity, 79% yield.
A 250 mL flask was charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (10.0 g, 33.9 mmol, 87.2 wt.%, 1.0 eq), (2-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4- yl)methanamine hydrochloride (8.54 g, 37.3 mmol, 97.3 wt.%, 1.10 eq), NMP (30 mL) and finally iV-methylmorpholine (18.6 mL, 169.5 mmol, 5.0 eq). To the slurry was charged propylphosphonic anhydride (23.97 mL, 40.68 mmol, 50 wt.% solution in EtOAc, 1.2 eq). The batch was then heated to 6O0C and held at this temperature for 1 hour. Water (80 mL) was charged, and the batch was cooled to ambient temperature and held for 1 hour. The batch was filtered, the solid washed with water, and then oven dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid, 12.7 g, >99.5 area % purity by ΗPLC, 88% yield.
Example 31: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(15,35)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]- amide (31a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(15,3/f)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (31b)
OH
Figure imgf000159_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fTuorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-but-3-enyl] -amide (1.07 g, 2.30 mmol) in acetone (20 mL) and water (7 mL) was added KMnO4 (472 mg, 2.99 mmol). After 28 hours, the mixture was diluted with acetone and filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated. The mixture was then dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and filtered through a 0.45 um nylon Acrodisc and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compounds as single diastereomer. C(3) configuration was tentatively assigned.
Example 32: Synthesis of (S)-3-{[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester
(32)
Figure imgf000160_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fTuorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (0.710 g, 1.42 mmol) in acetone (18 mL) and water (9 mL) was added NaIO4 (608 mg, 2.84 mmol). After 18 hours, the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth washing with acetone (3 x 20 mL). The acetone was removed in vacuo and the aqueous layer was diluted with brine (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organics layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl] -amide as white solid which was used without purification.
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl] -amide (0.10 g, 0.21 mmol) and 2-methyl-2-butene (147 μL, 1.39 mmol) in ^-butanol (1 mL) was added a solution of 80% sodium chlorite (31 mg, 0.28 mmol) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (38 mg, 0.28 mmol) in water (400 μL) (addition was exothermic). The mixture stirred overnight and was then concentrated in vacuo, acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl (pH = 2), diluted with brine (25 niL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 rnL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford (5r)-3-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-3-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid which was used without further purification.
To a slurry of (S)-3-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid in methanol (1 mL) and benzene (4 mL) was added a 2 M solution of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in hexanes (126 μL, 0.252 mmol). After 10 minutes, the mixture became homogeneous and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-8% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a white solid.
Example 33: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-3-hydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide
(33)
Figure imgf000161_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl] -amide (0.10 mg, 0.21 mmol) in a 9:1 mixture of dichloroethane in CH3CN (5 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (181 mg, 0.854 mmol). After 36 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The oily residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-8% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a white solid.
Example 34: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methylcarbamoyl-ethyl]- amide (34)
Figure imgf000162_0001
A solution of (S)-3-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) in 33% methylamine in ethanol (0.300 mL, 2.41 mmol) in a sealed tube was warmed at 8O0C. After 16 hours, the mixture was cooled to O0C and filtered. The solid was washed with cold MeOH (3 x 0.5 mL) and dried to the title compound as a white solid.
Example 35: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl]- amide (35)
Figure imgf000163_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl] -amide (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) and morpholine (15 μL, 0.17 mmol) in dichloroethane (2 mL) was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was then acidified (pΗ = 4) with acetic acid (9 μL, 0.2 mmol) and then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (36 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added. After 2 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The oily residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-10% methanol in EtOAc. The solid material from the column was purified a second time by reversed-phase ΗPLC using a 20 minute gradient of 5-95% MeCN (0.1%TFA) in H2O (0.1%TFA) (flow rate = 25 niL/minute). Desired fractions from the column was made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), concentrated to half of the original volume and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 35:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(S)-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-3- [(2-methoxy-ethyl)-methyl-amino] -propyl } -amide Example 36: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-3-amino-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (36)
Figure imgf000164_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5)-3- hydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.10 g, 0.21 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (167 μL, 0.957 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was cooled in an ice water-brine bath. After 5 minutes, methanesulfonyl chloride (25 μL, 0.32 mmol) was added and the cold bath was removed until the mixture became homogeneous. The mixture was again cooled in an ice bath. After 30 minutes, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL), washed with brine (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford methanesulfonic acid (5r)-3-{ [l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-3-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propyl ester which was used without further purification.
To a room temperature solution of methanesulfonic acid (5r)-3-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl ester (122 mg, 0.223 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added sodium azide (19 mg, 0.29 mmol). After 72 hours, the reaction was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was passed through a plug of silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0-5% methanol in dichloromethane to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-3-azido-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide which was used without further purification. To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fTuorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-3-azido-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (86 mg, 0.17 mmol) in TΗF (7 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (57 mg, 0.22 mmol) (gas evolved) followed by water (700 μL). After 75 hours, the mixture was concentrated acetonitrile was added and the solution was filtered through a 0.45 um nylon Acrodisc and purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC using a 20 minute gradient of 5-95% MeCN (0.1%TFA) in H2O (0.1%TFA) (flow rate = 25 niL/minute). The desired fractions were lyophilized to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
Example 37: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (37)
Figure imgf000165_0001
To a solution of 4-bromopyridine-3-carbaldehyde (2.50 g, 13.4 mmol) in ethanol (25 niL) and water (5 rnL) was added 4-fluorophenyhydrazine hydrochloride (2.38 g, 14.6 mmol) (mixture turned a deep red) followed by sodium acetate (3.7 g, 27 mmol) in 5 mL of water (mixture turned a bright yellow). The mixture was warmed at 5O0C for 30 minutes to afford an orange precipitate. The mixture was cooled and diluted with water (50 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration. The filter cake was washed with water and dried to afford N-[I- (4-bromopyridin-3 - yl) -meth- (E) -ylidene] -ΛT- (4-fluorophenyl) -hydrazine .
A mixture of N-[l-(4-bromopyridin-3-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-A^-(4-fluorophenyl)- hydrazine (3.0 g, 0.010 mol), CuI (97 mg, 0.51 mmol), trans-Λf,ΛT-dimethylcyclohexane- 1,2-diamine (595 μL, 3.77 mmol), and K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.020 mol) in NMP (100 mL) was warmed at 12O0C. After stirring overnight, the mixture was diluted with aqueous ammonium chloride (400 mL) and the resulting solid collected by filtration. The solid was dissolved in EtOAc, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organics layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)- IH- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine as an orange solid.
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (0.920 g, 4.31 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added 65% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (1.26 g, 4.75 mmol). After 2 hours, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrated to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxide.
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxide (0.300 g, 1.31 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) (931 μL, 6.99 mmol) followed by Et3N (0.930 mL, 6.69 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at reflux. After 3 hours, the mixture was diluted with water and the solid collected by filtration washing with water. The flakey solid was then dissolved in methanol and concentrated to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-carbonitrile. A mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-carbonitrile (140 mg, 0.59 mmol) in EtOH (10 rnL) and 6 N aqueous KOΗ (1.5 rnL) was warmed at 8O0C. After stirring overnight, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water and concentrated. Additional water was added followed by acetic acid and the solid was collected by filtration to afford the title compound.
Using methods described in example 3 the following compound was prepared from l-(4- fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid.
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-(4-methyl- piperazine-l-sulfonylmethyl)-benzylamide.
Example 38: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide
(38)
Figure imgf000167_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2- methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (58 mg, 0.13 mmol) in acetic acid (5 mL) was added 48% aqueous HBr (3 mL). After 16 hours, HPLC-MS indicated partial conversion to the desired product. The mixture was then warmed at 6O0C. After 5 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (4 x 20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0-20% MeOH in EtOAc to afford the title compound as a pale yellow crystalline solid. Example 39: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (39)
Figure imgf000168_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fTuorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (185 mg, 0.800 mmol) in DMF was added PyBOP (360 mg, 0.72 mmol) and Et3N (152 mg, 1.50 mmol). After 30 minutes, (S)-l-[l-(toluene-4-surfonyl)-lH- pyrazol-3-yl] -propylamine (201 mg, 0.720 mmol) was added. After 3 hours, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 38 using (S)- 1 - [ 1 -(toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl] -propylamine:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(lH-imidazol-4- yl)-propyl] -amide.
Example 40: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(l-methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (40)
Figure imgf000169_0001
To a room temperature solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.040 g, 0.11 mmol) in TΗF was added 60% sodium hydride (9 mg, 0.2 mmol) in mineral oil. After 20 minutes, methansulfonyl chloride (25 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added. After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (the column was equilibrated with dichloromethane-EtsN) eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane. Material from the column was crystallized in ether to afford the title compound.
Example 41: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamide (41)
Figure imgf000169_0002
A mixture of (lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4-yl)-methanol (45 mg, 0.30 mmol) (see, Michaely, W. J. et al. Patent No. US5300478), copper (I) iodide (6 mg, 0.03 mmol), potassium carbonate (40 mg) was purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes and then a solution of the iodobenzene (87 mg, 0.39 mmol) and Λf,Λf'-dimethylcyclohexyl-l,2-diamine (8.6 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added. The mixture was warmed at 12O0C for 3 hours. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 1 N HCl until acidic and extracted with EtOAc (3 times). The combined organics layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow solid which by proton NMR was a 4:1 mixture of N-I and iV-2-substituted azaindazoles. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 0.5-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4-yl]- methanol.
To a mixture [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4-yl]-methanol (20 mg, 0.08 mmol), 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine (71 mg, 0.41 mmol) and sodium cyanide (4 mg, 0.08 mmol) in TΗF (2 mL) was added manganese (IV) oxide (107 mg, 1.23 mmol). After 30 minutes, additional manganese (IV) oxide (107 mg, 1.23 mmol) was added. After 18 hours, the reaction was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and concentrated in vacuo. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-5% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
Example 42: Synthesis of (2-(Methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4-yl)methanamine hydrochloride (42)
Figure imgf000171_0001
42
NaSMe (6.74 g, 90 wt.%, 1.2 eq) was charged to a flask followed by THF (10 niL). To the slurry was charged a solution of 2-chloro-4-cyanopyridine (10.0 g, 72.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (20 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 5O0C for 2 hours. The batch was then treated with NaBO3«4H2O (33.31 g, 3.0 eq) followed by AcOH (50 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 550C for 16 hours. The THF was distilled out under slight vacuum at 550C, and the resulting white slurry was treated with water (120 mL) and cooled to ambient temperature and held for 1 hour. The batch was filtered, the solid washed well with water, and then oven dried under vacuum to afford 2- (methylsulfonyl)isonicotinonitrile as a white solid, 7.65 g, >99.5 area % purity by HPLC, 58% yield.
2-(Methylsulfonyl)isonicotinonitrile (10.93 g, 60.0 mmol, 1.0 eq), NaBH4 (3.41 g, 90.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) and zinc bromide (1.35 g, 6.0 mmol, 0.1 eq) were charged to a 250 mL flask. THF (60 mL) was charged, and the slurry cooled to 0-50C. TFA (6.69 mL, 90.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) was charged at a rate to keep the temperature below 2O0C and to control hydrogen evolution. After the addition, the batch was stirred at ambient temperature for 1-2 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0-50C and treated with methanol (10 mL) followed by water (40 mL) and finally a solution of di-tert-buty\ dicarbonate (15.06 g, 69.0 mmol, 1.15 eq) in THF (10 mL). The batch was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and then the THF and MeOH was removed by distillation under vacuum at 550C. To the resulting slurry was added water (40 mL), toluene (20 mL) and heptane (40 mL). The slurry was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and filtered. The solid was washed with water and heptane, and then oven dried under vacuum to afford tert- butyl (2-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4-yl)methylcarbamate as an off-white solid, 13.25 g, 97.9 wt.% purity, 76% yield.
To a 500 rnL reactor was charged tert-buty\ (2-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4- yl)methylcarbamate (20.0 g, 65.65 mmol, 94.0 wt.%) followed by /-PrOH (140 rnL). The slurry was stirred and treated with concentrated HCl (16.4 rnL, 196.96 mmol, 3.0 eq), and then heated to 650C and held at this temperature for 3 hours. The batch was cooled to 20- 250C, held at this temperature for at least 2 hours, and then filtered. The solid was washed with /-PrOH and then oven dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a white solid, 13.45 g, >99 wt.% purity, 92% yield.
Example 43: Synthesis of (S)-l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (43)
Figure imgf000172_0001
HBTU
Figure imgf000172_0002
43
To a solution of 5-bromo-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4.7 g, 23 mmol) in DMSO (25 mL) was added the sodium methane sulfinate (5.5 g, 46 mmol) followed by copper (I) iodide (4.4 g, 23 mmol). The mixture was then heated to HO0C for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with water (100 rnL) and ethyl acetate (100 rnL) and filtered through diatomaceous earth. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 rnL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester.
To a solution of 5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2.94 g, 14.4 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added a 2 N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (40 mL, 80 mmol). The mixture was warmed at 8O0C for 4 hours and then concentrated in vacuo to remove ethanol. The mixture was then acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 5- methanesulfonyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid.
To a solution of 5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid (1.1 g, 5.8 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added HBTU (2.8 g, 8.7 mmol) and DIPEA (3.2 mL, 17.4 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, iV,0-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.85 g, 0.71 mmol) was added. After 18 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid methoxy- methyl- amide .
To a chilled (O0C) solution of 5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-carboxylic acid methoxy- methyl-amide (1.48 g, 6.36 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride in THF (7.0 mL, 14 mmol). The mixture was then slowly warmed to with stirring. After 18 hours, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) and then diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propan-l-one.
To a solution of l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propan-l-one (1.1 g, 5.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added (i?)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (0.750 g, 6.06 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (6 mL, 25 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at reflux. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and water (6 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography, eluting with a gradient of 0-80% EtOAc-hexanes to afford (R)-2- methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid[l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-prop-(£)-ylidene]- amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid[l-(5- methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-prop-(£')-ylidene]-amide (0.360 g, 1.18 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride (2.4 mL, 2.4 mmol) in THF in several portions. After stirring for 2 hours, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford (i?)-2-methyl- propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propyl] -amide.
To a solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2- yl)-propyl] -amide (0.530 g, 1.72 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added 4 N HCl in dioxane (2 mL, 8 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford (S)- 1 -(5-methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride.
Example 44: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Chloro-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)- propylamine (44)
Figure imgf000175_0001
To a suspension of (S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (3.47 g, 13.9 mmol) in THF (50 rnL) was added DIPEA (7.3 rnL, 42 mmol) and άϊ-tert- butyl dicarbonate (3.2 g, 15 mmol). The mixture was then washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyX ester.
To a solution of [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid te/t-butyl ester (2 g, 6 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) (1.26 g, 13.4 mmol). The mixture was then cooled to O0C and trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.8 mL, 13 mmol) was added slowly. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium sulfite (20 mL) and stirred for 15 minutes. The mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-l-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester.
A solution of [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-l-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester (1.7 g, 5.2 mmol) in phosphorous oxychloride (10 mL) was warmed at reflux for 10 minutes. The mixture was then added in portions to ice water (100 mL) and vigorously stirred for 30 minutes. The solution was then made basic with saturated sodium carbonate and extracted then with ethyl acetate (4 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 50 rnL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
Example 45: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (45)
Figure imgf000176_0001
See Example 43
Figure imgf000176_0003
Figure imgf000176_0002
45
To a solution of 2-chloro-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4 g, 22 mmol) in DMF (75 mL) was added sodium thiomethoxide (1.8 g, 25.7 mmol). The mixture was heated to 5O0C to afford a yellow solution. After 18 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-ethylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
To a solution of 2-ethylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4.6 g, 24.57 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added a 2 N solution of sodium hydroxide (37 mL, 74 mmol) in water. The mixture was heated at 8O0C for 4 hours and then concentrated in vacuo to remove the ethanol. The remaining aqueous solution was then acidified with 1 N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford 2- methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid.
2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5r)-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (45) via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43. 2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5r)-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43 except methyl magnesium bromide was substituted for ethyl magnesium chloride.
2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid was converted to (5r)-l-(2-methylsulfanyl- oxazol-4-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43.
2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid was converted to (5r)-l-(2-methylsulfanyl- oxazol-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43 except methyl magnesium bromide was substituted for ethyl magnesium chloride.
Example 46: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide (46)
Figure imgf000177_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I- (2-methylsulfanyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide (0.1 g, 0.2 mmol) in a mixture of acetonitrile (25 mL) and water (5 mL) was added sodium periodate (0.155 g, 0.725 mmol) followed by ruthenium trichloride (5 mg, 0.02 mmol). After 6 hours, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was dissolved in ethyl acetate and passed through a pad of silica. The material from the pad was crystallized from ethyl acetate- hexanes to afford the title compound. l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2- methanesulfanyl-oxazol-5-yl)-ethyl] -amide was converted to l-(4-fluoroph enyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(^-l-^-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-S- yl)-ethyl] -amide using the same methods as described in Example 46.
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methylsulfanyl-oxazol-4-yl)-propyl] -amide was converted to l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-4-yl)- propyl] -amide using the same methods as described in Example 46.
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methylsulfanyl-oxazol-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide was converted to l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-4-yl)-ethyl]- amide using the same methods as described in Example 46.
Example 47: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)- propylamine hydrochloride
Figure imgf000178_0001
47
To a solution of dry methanol (2.2 mL, 53 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added sodium hydride (2.12 g, 53 mmol) in portions under a stream of nitrogen. When gas evolution ceased, 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid methyl ester (10.0 g, 48.5 mmol) was added. After stirring for 2 hours, the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 50 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to afford 2-chloro-6- methoxy-isonicotinic acid methyl ester.
To a stirred solution of 2-chloro-6-methoxy-isonicotinic acid methyl ester (8.5 g, 42 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was added sodium thiomethoxide (3.22 g, 41.6 mmol), resulting in a yellow colored solution. After 18 hours, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-isonicotinic acid methyl ester.
To a solution of 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanyl-isonicotinic acid methyl ester (4.7 g, 22 mmol) in acetonitrile (180 mL) and water (40 mL) was added sodium periodate (14.15 g, 16.16 mmol) followed by ruthenium trichloride (20 mg, 0.1 mmol). After 6 hours, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 2-methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-isonicotinic acid methyl ester.
To a solution of 2-methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-isonicotinic acid methyl ester (4.3 g, 17.5 mmol) in ethanol (75 mL) was added 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (35 mL, 70 mmol). The mixture was warmed at 8O0C for 4 hours and then concentrated in vacuo to remove the ethanol. The remaining aqueous solution was acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford 2- methanesulfonyl-6-ethoxy-isonicotinic acid.
2-Methanesulfonyl-6-ethoxy-isonicotinic acid was converted to (S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (47) via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43. The Weinreb amide of 2-methanesulfonyl-6-ethoxy-isonicotinic acid was also converted to (S)- 1 -(2-methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride according to methods described in Example 43 except during the Grignard addition methyl magnesium bromide was added to the Weinreb amide instead of ethyl magnesium chloride to afford the corresponding methyl ketone.
Example 48: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-propyl]- amide (48)
Figure imgf000180_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (0.150 g, 310 mmol) in 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid (7.0 mL, 42 mmol) was warmed at 6O0C. After 5 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (4 x 20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was triturated with ethyl acetate-ether to afford the title compound.
The following compound was also prepared by methods described in Example 48:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(O- methanesulfonyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide Example 49: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-6-methylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]- amide (49)
Figure imgf000181_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I- (6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.800 g, 1.70 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 niL) was added iV-phenyltrifluoromethane sulfonimide (0.930, 2.57 mmol) followed by DIPEA (0.45 mL, 2.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at overnight. LC-MS indicated that approximately 70% of the starting material had been converted. Additional iV-phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide (0.5 eq.) and DIPEA (0.5 eq.) was added. After 6 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-((S)-I-J [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine- 4-carbonyl] -amino }-propyl)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl ester.
To a stirred solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-((S)-I -{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl ester (0.08 g, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (2 rnL) was added a 2.0 M solution of methylamine in THF (0.150 rnL, 0.30 mmol) followed by DIPEA (0.05 mL, 0.3 mmol). After 16 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated onto silica gel. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford the title compound.
The following compounds were also prepared from the intermediate methanesulfonic acid 4-((S)-I-J [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- propyl)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl ester by methods described in Example 49:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-6-methylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- dimethylamino-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- dimethylamino-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- isopropylamino-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-I -[2-
(carbamoylmethyl-amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl } -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(S)-l-[2-
(carbamoylmethyl-methyl-amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl } -amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(carbamoylmethyl- methyl-amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(carbamoylmethyl- amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-I -[2-
(carbamoylmethyl-methyl-amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl] -ethyl } -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid {(S)-l-[2-
(carbamoylmethyl-amino)-6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl] -ethyl } -amide.
The following compound was also prepared according to the procedure in example 49:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (6-methanesulfonyl-2- oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide was converted to l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propylamino)-6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl] -amide using amino-2-methyl-propan-2-ol instead of methylamine in the final step.
Example 50: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (50)
Figure imgf000183_0001
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2- bromo-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added a 0.5 M solution of NaOMe in MeOH (2.0 mL, 1.0 mmol). The solution was warmed at 5O0C and after 48 hours, was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 rnL) and EtOAc (50 rnL). The organic phase was separated and washed with brine (50 rnL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The material was further purified by preparative thin layer silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol-dichloromethane (2:98) to afford the title compound.
Example 51: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-methylamino-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (51)
Figure imgf000184_0001
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-bromo-thiazol-5- ylmethyl)-amide (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) was treated with a 2 M solution of methylamine in TΗF (2.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) in a microwave tube. To this solution was added solid K2CO3 (19 mg, 0.14 mmol), and the microwave tube was sealed and heated at 1000C for 1 hour in a microwave. The mixture was then heated at 16O0C in a microwave for 4 hours, and the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (40 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated and the organics layer was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound.
Example 52: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [2-(acetyl-methyl-amino)-thiazol-5-ylmethyl]-amide (52)
Figure imgf000185_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2- bromo-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (80 mg, 0.2 mmol) in acetic anhydride (2 rnL) was heated at 6O0C for 18 hours. The solution was diluted with 10 rnL of a 1 N solution of aqueous NaOH and stirred for 10 minutes. The solution was then extracted with dichloromethane (20 rnL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The purification was repeated eluting with a gradient of 0-7% methanol in dichloromethane. The material from the purification was diluted with dichloromethane (1 mL) followed by hexanes (5 mL). The solid was collected by filteration to afford the title compound.
Example 53: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (53)
Figure imgf000185_0002
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2- bromo-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in morpholine (2 mL) was heated at 14O0C for 72 hours in a sealed tube. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (20 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The purification was repeated using the same conditions listed above. The material from the purification was diluted with dichloromethane (1 mL) followed by hexanes (5 mL) and filtered to afford the title compound.
Example 54: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (5-methylamino-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-amide (54)
Figure imgf000186_0001
A suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2.95 g, 11.5 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was treated with CDI (1.51 g, 12.0 mmol). The mixture turned to a dark brown clear solution in 5 minutes, and then a solid precipitate formed. Additional DMF (10 mL) was added to assist stirring. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. A solution of glycine methyl ester hydrochloride (2.42 g, 14.9 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added. After 18 hours, the mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium bicarbonate (50 mL). The solid was collected by filtration to afford { [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- acetic acid methyl ester as a light brown solid.
To a solution of { [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- acetic acid methyl ester (0.50 g, 1.5 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (2 mL) and the mixture was warmed at 6O0C. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water (100 mL). The solid was collected by filtration to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid hydrazinocarbonylmethyl-amide (purity 90%). To a mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid hydrazinocarbonylmethyl-amide (104 mg, 0.32 mmol) in EtOH (4 rnL) was added methyl isothiocyanate (50 mg, 0.7 mmol). The mixture was warmed at reflux for 6 days, and was then cooled to room temperature, and the product was collected by filtration. The crude material was suspended in concentrated sulfuric acid (1 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes. After standing for 10 minutes, the mixture was poured into ice water. The solution was made basic by addition of aqueous ammonia followed by a minimal amount of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate to pΗ = 8 and the solid collected by filtration to afford title compound.
The following compounds were prepared using the CDI coupling method described in example 54:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl-furan-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methylsulfanyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-thiazol-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-amide.
Example 55: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (55) 1 . EtMgBr
Figure imgf000188_0002
2. Dess-Martin
Figure imgf000188_0001
Periodinane
1 . L-selectride, THF
2. HCI-dioxane-MeOH
Figure imgf000188_0003
Figure imgf000188_0004
55
To a solution of 2-bromo-thiazole-5-carbaldehyde (1.00 g, 5.21 mmol) in THF (10 niL) was added a 3 M solution of ethylmagnesium bromide (5.00 rnL, 15.0 mmol) in diethyl ether. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours. The reaction was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) containing crushed ice and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes provided l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-ol.
To a solution of l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-ol (180 mg, 0.79 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) (330 mg, 0.79 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 2 hours, then diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL), washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one.
To a solution of l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one (75 mg, 0.34 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (3 mL) was added the sodium methanesulfonate (41 mg, 0.34 mmol) followed by copper (I) iodide (65 mg, 0.34 mmol). The mixture was heated in a microwave at 12O0C for 1 hour. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL) and brine (10 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one which was used without further purification.
A mixture of l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one (110 mg, 0.50 mmol), (i?)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (70 mg, 0.6 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (0.29 mL, 1.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was warmed at reflux for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and water (6 mL). After 10 minutes with stirring, the solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-prop-(Z)-ylidene] -amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-methanesulfonyl- thiazol-5-yl)-prop-(Z)-ylidene] -amide (93 mg, 0.29 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added a 1 M solution of lithium tri-seobutylborohydride (L-Selectride) (0.58 mL, 0.58 mmol) in THF dropwise. After 2.5 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 mL), and the aqueous layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5- yl)-propyl] -amide (80 mg, 0.3 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added a 4 N solution of hydrochloric acid (1 mL, 4 mmol) in dioxane. After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated and diluted with dichloromethane (2 mL) followed by hexanes (10 mL), and concentrated to afford (S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride. The following intermediates were prepared according to methods described in example
55:
(S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-thiazol-4-yl)-ethylamine, and
(S)- 1 -(2-Methanesulfonyl-thiazol-4-yl)-propylamine.
The following intermediate were synthesized in a similar fashion, except the methyl sulfone functionality was introduced via displacement of the halide with sodium thiomethoxide followed by an oxidation as described in example 47 (steps 2 and 3 of example 47:
(S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-ethylamine.
The following intermediate were synthesized as described above, except the intermediate ketone was accessed via an ethyl Grignard addition to the appropriate Weinreb amide (method is described in example 43, steps 3 and 4). The corresponding starting material, 2-bromothiophene-4-carboxylic acid, was synthesized as described in /. Am. Chem. Soc, 1954, 76, 2445.
(S)-l-(5-Methanesulfonyl-thiophen-3-yl)-propylamine.
The following intermediates were synthesized as described above, except the intermediate 4-bromothiazoles were carried through without introduction of the methyl sulfone functionality. The 4-bromo-2-formylthiazole starting material was synthesized from the 2,4-dibromothiazole as described in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1999, 7, 665-697.
(S)-l-(4-Bromo-thiazol-2-yl)-propylamine, and
(S)-l-(4-Bromo-thiazol-2-yl)-ethylamine. Example 56: Synthesis of (S)-l-Thiazol-2-yl-propylamine (56)
HCI
Figure imgf000191_0001
A 1.3 M solution of z-PrMgCl#LiCl (2.65 niL, 3.44 mmol) under an atmosphere of argon was cooled to -150C and treated with a solution of 2-bromothiazole (0.56 g, 3.4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (1 mL). The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to O0C over 15 minutes. Propionaldehyde (0.25 mL, 3.4 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 18 hours. The solution was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) containing crushed ice. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL). The aqueous layer was again extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford l-thiazol-2-yl-propan-l-ol.
l-Thiazol-2-yl-propan-l-ol was converted to the title compound according to methods described in example 55.
Example 57: Synthesis of (S)-l-(3-Methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propylamine (57)
Figure imgf000191_0002
+ other diastereomer 57
A mixture of 3-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (1.40 g, 12.7 mmol), (R)-(+)-2- methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (2.36 g, 19.1 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (11.2 mL, 38.1 mmol) in TΗF (10 mL) was warmed at reflux for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and diluted with ether (100 mL) and water (6 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes, and concentrated to afford 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [l-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-prop-(£)-ylidene] -amide as a yellow solid.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(3-methyl-3H- imidazol-4-yl)-prop-(£)-ylidene]-amide (1.22 g, 5.72 mmol) in 10 mL of TΗF was added a 1 M solution of ethylmagnesium bromide in ether (11.4 mL, 11.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours, while gradually warming to room temperature. The mixture was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride on ice (100 mL), and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. Two fractions were obtained that both match the desired by mass, indicating two diastereomers. The first eluting diastereomer corresponded to the i^S-diastereomer, and the second eluting distereomer corresponded to the R,R- diastereomer in a 1:3 ratio, respectively. Each diastereomer was carried on separately without further purification.
To a solution of the i^S-diastereomer in methanol (5 mL) was added a 4 N solution of HCl in dioxane (1 mL, 4 mmol). After 18 hours, the mixture was concentrated and diluted with diethyl ether. The solid was collected by filtration to afford the title compound.
Example 58: Synthesis of 2-(l-{[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (58)
Figure imgf000193_0001
To a stirred solution of Fmoc-L-Thr(Trt)-OH (2.33 g, 4.00 mmol) in methanol (4.0 rnL) and benzene (16 rnL) was added TMS-diazomethane (2.40 rnL, 4.80 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford Fmoc-L-Thr(Trt)-OMe which was used without purification.
To a solution of Fmoc-L-Thr(Trt)-OMe (2.40 g, 4.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (20.0 mL) was added diethylamine (20.0 mL). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with acetonitrile (3 x 10 rnL) and azeotroped in vacuo to afford L-Thr(Trt)-OMe which was used without further purification.
To a solution of Fmoc-DL-2-aminobutyric acid (Fmoc-DL- ABU-OH) (1.30 g, 4.00 mmol) in DMF (15.0 rnL) was added HOBT (0.594 g, 4.40 mmol) and HBTU (1.67 g, 4.40 mmol). After 10 minutes, a solution of L-Thr(Trt)-OMe (2.48 g, 65% pure, 4.30 mmol) and DIPEA (1.46 mL, 8.39 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added. After 20 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, reconstituted in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50 % ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford Fmoc-DL- ABU-L- Thr(Trt)-OMe as white solid.
To a stirred solution of Fmoc-DL- ABU-L-Thr(Trt)-OMe (1.80 g, 2.64 mmol) in acetonitrile (15.0 mL) was added diethylamine (13.8 mL). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with acetonitrile (3 x 20 mL) and azeotroped in vacuo to afford DL-ABU-L- Thr(Trt)-OMe which was used without further purification.
A suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (0.600 g, 2.33 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred for 10 minutes (until it became a fine slurry) and then ΗATU (0.976 g, 2.56 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, DIPEA (0.850 mL, 4.90 mmol) and a solution of DL-ABU-L-Thr(Trt)-OMe (1.84 g, 65% purity, 2.59 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added. After 18 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL). The solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 100 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-70% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (25r,3R)-2-(2-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-butyrylamino)-3-trityloxy-butyric acid methyl ester. MS m/z 700.82 (MΗ+). To a chilled (O0C) solution of (2S,3R)-2-(2-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carbonyl] -amino }-butyrylamino)-3-trityloxy-butyric acid methyl ester (1.47 g, 2.10 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) was added a 1 M solution of HCl (6.30 mL, 6.30 mmol) in ether. After 30 minutes, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and warmed to room temperature. After 30 minutes, the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in methylene chloride to afford (2S,3R)-2-(2-{ [l-(A- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-butyrylamino)-3- hydroxy-butyric acid methyl ester as white solid. MS m/z 458.76 (MΗ+).
To a solution of (2S,3R)-2-(2-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl] -amino }-butyrylamino)-3-hydroxy-butyric acid methyl ester (0.900 g, 1.96 mmol) in TΗF (20.0 mL) was added Burgess reagent (0.586 g, 2.46 mmol). The mixture was warmed at reflux for 23 hours. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford (4S,5S)-2-(l-{ [l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-5-methyl-4,5- dihydro-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester as white foam.
To a chilled (O0C) solution of (4S,5S)-2-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carbonyl] -amino }-propyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (0.529 g, 1.20 mmol) and DBU (360 μL, 2.40 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10.0 mL) was added BrCCl3 (125 μL, 1.26 mmol). The mixture was then warmed to room temperature. After 18 hours, the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL) and extracted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford the title compound as white solid. MS m/z 438.74 (MH+).
2-((S)-I- {[l-(4- Fluorophenyl)- lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester was also prepared from Fmoc-L-Ser(Trt)-OΗ according to the method described above. MS m/z 424.74 (MH+).
Example 59: Synthesis of 2-(l-{[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (59)
Figure imgf000197_0001
To a stirred solution of Fmoc-L-Cys(Trt)-OH (2.34 g, 4.00 mmol) in methanol (4.0 niL) and benzene (16 rnL) was added TMS-diazomethane (2.40 rnL, 4.80 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford Fmoc-L-Cys(Trt)-OMe which was used in the next step without purification.
To a solution of Fmoc-L-Cys(Trt)-OMe (2.58 g, 4.30 mmol) in acetonitrile (20.0 mL) was added diethylamine (20.0 mL). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (3 x 10 rnL) and concentrated in vacuo to afford L-Cys(Trt)-OMe as crude product which was used without purification.
To a solution of Fmoc-DL-2-aminobutyric acid (Fmoc-DL- ABU-OH) (1.30 g, 4.00 mmol) in DMF (15.0 rnL) was added HOBT (0.594 g, 4.40 mmol) and HBTU (1.67 g, 4.40 mmol). After 10 minutes, a solution of the crude L-Cys(Trt)-OMe (2.63 g, 65% purity, 4.53 mmol) and DIPEA (1.46 mL, 8.39 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 18 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50 % ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford Fmoc-DL- ABU-L-Cys(Trt)-OMe as white foam.
A stirred solution of Fmoc-DL- ABU-L-Cys(Trt)-OMe (2.60 g, 3.80 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was treated with diethylamine (20 mL). After 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and concentrated in vacuo (this process was repeated three times) to afford DL-ABU-L- Cys(Trt)-OMe as crude product which was used without purification.
A suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (0.905 g, 3.52 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred for 10 minutes (until it became a fine slurry) and treated with ΗATU (1.47 g, 3.87 mmol). After 30 minutes, the resulting mixture was treated with DIPEA (1.29 mL, 7.39 mmol) and a solution of DL-ABU-L-Cys(Trt)-OMe (2.76 g, 65% purity, 3.87 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 18 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL). The solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 100 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-80% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (R)-2-(2-{ [l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-butyrylamino)-3- tritylsulfanyl-propionic acid methyl ester. To a solution of (i?)-2-(2-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-butyrylamino)-3-tritylsulfanyl-propionic acid methyl ester (0.560 g, 0.798 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (24.0 niL) was added a 1 M solution of TiCl4 (2.40 niL, 2.40 mmol) in CH2Cl2. After 2 hours, the resulting mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-80% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (R)-2- (l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-4,5- dihydro-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester.
To a chilled (O0C) solution of (R)-2-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine- 4-carbonyl] -amino }-propyl)-4,5-dihydro-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (0.296 g, 0.670 mmol) and DBU (200 μL, 1.34 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (8.0 mL) was added BrCCl3 (69.0 μL, 0.700 mmol). The mixture was then warm to room temperature. After 18 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-80% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford the title compound. MS m/z 440.77 (MH+).
Example 60: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(4-carbamoyl-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (60)
Figure imgf000199_0001
A mixture of 2-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (40 mg, 0.091 mmol) in a 7 M solution of ammonia in methanol (525 μL, 3.66 mmol) was stirred at 9O0C in a sealed tube. After 34 hours, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, vented, opened and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in methylene chloride to afford the title compound as white solid. MS m/z 423.89 (MΗ+).
The following compounds were also prepared by the methods described in Example 60:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4-carbamoyl- thiazol-2-yl)-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(4-carbamoyl- oxazol-2-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { l-[4-
(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl] -propyl } -amide.
Example 61: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(5-methyl-4-methylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (61)
Figure imgf000200_0001
A mixture of 2-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (40 mg, 0.091 mmol) in a solution of methyl amine in ethanol (455 μL, 33% solution, 3.66 mmol) was stirred at 1000C in a sealed tube. After 16 hours, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, vented, opened and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-8% methanol in methylene chloride to afford the title compound as white solid. MS m/z 437.63 (MH+).
The following compounds were also prepared by the methods described in Example 61:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-HA- methylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(4- methylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { l-[5-methyl-4- (methylcarbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-oxazol-2-yl] -propyl } -amide.
Example 62: Synthesis of 2-(l-{[l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (62)
Figure imgf000201_0001
To a solution of 2-(l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (95.0 mg, 0.217 mmol) in a mixture of TΗF/Methanol/water (3 mL, 3:1:1) was added LiOFrH2O (36.5 mg, 0.869 mmol). After 3 hours, the reaction mixture was acidified to pH 3-4 with 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and concentrated. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) and water (25 mL) and stirred vigorously. After 5 hours, the heterogeneous mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with water (until the pH of the filtrate was 5), ethyl acetate (3 x 10 rnL), and air dried to afford the title compound as a white solid. MS m/z 424.74 (MH+).
The following compounds were also prepared by the methods described in Example 62:
2-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid, and
2-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)- oxazole-4-carboxylic acid.
Example 63: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid {l-[4-(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl]-propyl}- amide (63)
Figure imgf000202_0001
To a solution of 2-(l-{ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]- amino}-propyl)-5-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.130 g, 0.307 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added ΗATU (0.140 g, 0.368 mmol). After 10 minutes, DIPEA (215 μL, 1.22 mmol) and Gly-OMe-ΗCl (46.2 mg, 0.368 mmol) was added. After 18 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 mL) and washed with 2 N sodium hydroxide (3 x 10 mL), saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 10 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-4% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the title compound. MS m/z 495.71 (MH+).
The following compounds were also prepared by the methods described in Example 63:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { l-[4-(cyanomethyl- carbamoyl)-oxazol-2-yl] -propyl} -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { l-[4-(cyanomethyl- carbamoyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl] -propyl} -amide.
Example 64: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-2-cyano-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide (64)
Figure imgf000203_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-cyano-ethyl]-amide (122 mg, 0.262 mmol), sodium methanesulfinate (53.5 mg, 0.524 mmol) and copper (I) iodine (99.8 mg, 0.524 mmol) in DMSO (2.5 mL) was evacuated and purged with argon three times and warmed at 13O0C. After 45 minutes, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and N,N'- dimethylethylenediamine (112 μL, 1.05 mmol) was added. The mixture stirred for 30 minutes and was then diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), stirred for 15 minutes, and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL) was added. The mixture was sonicated for 30 minutes, and was then diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 rnL), brine (50 rnL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-8% methanol in CH2Cl2. The solid was further purified by HPLC using a Cl 8 column and a gradient of 5-95% acetonitrile + 0.1%TFA and water + 0.1%TFA to afford the title compound. MS m/z 465.68 (MH+).
The following compounds were also prepared by the method described in Example 64:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(i?)-2-hydroxy-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl-6- methyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)- 1 -methyl-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)- 1 -methyl-propyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-ethyl-l-(2- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(R)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]-amide.
Example 65: Synthesis of C-(2-Bromo-6-methyl-pyridin-4-yl)-methylamine hydrochloride salt (65)
Figure imgf000205_0001
Figure imgf000205_0002
65
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-bromo-6-methyl-isonicotinic acid methyl ester (1.90 g, 8.26 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (200 niL) was added a 1 M solution of DIBAH (24.8 niL, 24.8 mmol) in CH2Cl2. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 12 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL). After 5 hours, phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (2- bromo-6-methyl-pyridin-4-yl)-methanol as white solid. MS m/z 202.45 (M+), 204.44 (M+2).
To a solution of (2-bromo-6-methyl-pyridin-4-yl)-methanol (0.300 g, 1.48 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (776 μL, 4.45 mmol). The resulting mixture was cooled to O0C and methanesulfonyl chloride (120 μL, 1.56 mmol) was added. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was diluted CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford methanesulfonic acid 2-bromo-6-methyl-pyridin-4- ylmethyl ester as crude product which was used in the next step without purification. To a solution of methanesulfonic acid 2-bromo-6-methyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl ester (410 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DMF (2.0 rnL) was added sodium azide (238 mg, 3.66 mmol). After 15 hours, the reaction was quenched with water (10 rnL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford 4-azidomethyl-2- bromo-6-methyl-pyridine.
To a solution of 4-azidomethyl-2-bromo-6-methyl-pyridine (309 mg, 1.36 mmol) in THF (4.0 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (446 mg, 1.70 mmol) followed by water (400 μL). After 17 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between 1 M hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 50 mL). The aqueous layer was evaporated under high vacuum to afford the title compound as off-white solid. MS m/z 201.40 (M+), 203.38 (M+2).
Example 66: Synthesis of C-(lH-Pyrrolo[2,3-Z>]pyridin-4-yl)-methylamine trifluoroacetic acid salt (66)
Figure imgf000206_0001
To a solution of (lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.809 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.58 mL, 20.6 mmol). After 14 hours, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which was used in the without purification.
Example 67: Synthesis of C-(l-Methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-Z>]pyridin-4-yl)- methylamine ditrifloroacetic acid salt (67)
Figure imgf000207_0001
67
To a stirred solution of (lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (400 mg, 1.62 mmol) in DMF (10.0 niL) was added powdered KOΗ (143 mg, 1.88 mmol). After 15 minutes, methanesulfonyl chloride (137 μL, 1.78 mmol) was added. After 15 hours, the mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over magesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (l-methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester.
To a solution of (l-methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.307 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.600 mL, 7.80 mmol). After 14 hours, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which was used in the without purification. MS m/z 226.42 (MH+).
Example 68: Synthesis of (5)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-2,2,2-D3- amine hydrochloride salt (68)
Figure imgf000208_0001
A 1.0 M solution of methyl(D3)magnesium iodide in ether (30.0 rnL, 30.0 mmol) was added over 20 minutes to a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-bromo-pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (5.00 g, 26.8 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50.0 mL). After 1 hour, the mixture was warmed to room temperature over a 3 hours period. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (200 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and brine (200 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethan- 2,2,2-D3-ol as a colorless oil.
To a chilled (O0C) solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethan-2,2,2-D3-ol (5.50 g, 26.8 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (50.0 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (11.4 g, 26.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature and then quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL). After 30 minutes, the resulting mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washing with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-25% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethan-2,2,2-D3-one as white solid. A solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethan-2,2,2-D3-one (3.00 g, 14.8 mmol) and R- (+)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.14 g, 17.7 mmol) and Ti(OiPr)4 (4.62 g, 16.3 mmol) in anhydrous dichoromethane (30 mL) was warmed at 4O0C. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). The stirred solution was slowly treated with water (50 mL). After 45 minutes, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the pad was washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 30-50% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-eth-2,2,2-D3-ylidene] -amide as yellow oil.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo- pyridin-4-yl)-eth-2,2,2-D3-ylidene]-amide (1.00 g, 3.26 mmol) in THF (30.0 mL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride in THF (6.53 mL, 6.53 mmol). After 3 hours, the mixture was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL). The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-5% methanol in CH2Cl2 to afford (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-bromo- pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-2,2,2-D3] -amide as a clear oil.
(i?)-2-Methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl- 2,2,2-D3] -amide was prepared from (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)-I-(I- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-2,2,2-D3]-amide (200 mg, 0.649 mmol) according to the procedure described in example 64.
To a solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-ethyl-2,2,2-D3] -amide (82.0 mg, 0.267 mmol) in methanol (1.0 mL) was added a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (70.0 μL, 0.280 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to half the volume, diluted with toluene (4 mL) and concentrated to dryness (the process was repeated three times) to afford the title compound as an off- white solid which was used without purification.
Example 69: Synthesis of (5)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-l,2,2,2-D4- amine hydrochloride salt (69)
Figure imgf000210_0001
To a chilled (-780C) solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo- pyridin-4-yl)-eth-2,2,2-D3-ylidene]-amide (1.00 g, 3.26 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added lithium (D4)-borohydride (168 mg, 6.53 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was warmed to room temperature over 2 hours and then quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-5% methanol in CH2Cl2 to afford (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(S)-I -(2 -bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-l,2,2,2-D4] -amide as a clear oil.
(i?)-2-Methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl- 1,2,2,2-D4] -amide was prepared from (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)-I-(I- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl-l,2,2,2-D4] -amide (175 mg, 0.566 mmol) according to the procedure described in example 64.
To a solution of (i?)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin- 4-yl)-ethyl-l,2,2,2-D4] -amide (93.6 mg, 0.303 mmol) in methanol (1.0 mL) was added a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (79.6 μL, 0.319 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to half the volume, diluted with toluene (4 mL) and concentrated to dryness (the process was repeated three times) to afford the title compound as off white solid which was used without further manipulation.
Example 70: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-2-(2-oxo-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl)- ethyl]-amide (70)
Figure imgf000211_0001
To a chilled (O0C) solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(lS,3S)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (50.0 mg, 0.100 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added CDI (32.4 mg, 0.200 mmol). The mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature. After 12 hours, the reaction was poured in to water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-6% methanol in methylene chloride. The solid from the column chromatography was crystallized from methylene chloride to afford the title compound as white needle-shaped crystals. MS m/z 526.64 (MΗ+).
Example 71: Synthesis of (S)-l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride salt (71)
Figure imgf000212_0001
To a solution of S-bromoisoxazole-S-carboxylic acid (2.85 g, 14.8 mmol) in DMF (74 niL) was added 2-(7-aza-lH-benzotriazole-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (ΗATU) (6.89 g, 18.1 mmol). The solution was cooled (O0C) and DIPEA (10.5 mL, 60.3 mmol) was added followed by iV,0-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.81 g, 18.6 mmol) and the reaction was maintained at room temperature. After 25 hours, DMAP (183 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added. After 38 hours, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, saturated aqueous NH4Cl, water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0%-100% EtOAc in heptane to afford 3-bromo-isoxazole-5-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide as a pale yellow solid. MS m/z 235 (M), 237 (M+2).
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 3-bromo-isoxazole-5-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl- amide (1.20 g, 5.11 mmol) in THF (56 mL) was added a 1 M solution of ethylmagnesium bromide (13.0 mL, 13.0 mmol) in THF dropwise over a 5 minutes period. The reaction was monitored by TLC (hexanes-EtOAc 4:1). After 5 hours, the reaction was transferred via a 16 gauge cannula to a O0C solution of saturated aqueous NH4Cl (75 mL). The resultant heterogeneous mixture was warmed to room temperature and maintained at this temperature for 15 hours. The aqueous phase was then extracted with Et2O (2 x) and EtOAc (2 x). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propan- 1-one as an orange solid which was used without further purification.
To a solution of l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one (452 mg, 2.22 mmol) and (R)- (+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (342 mg, 2.82 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added titanium (IV) isopropoxide (1.4 mL, 4.9 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at 450C. After 24 hours, the reaction was monitored by LC-MS, and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo and the remaining residue was diluted with EtOAc (32 mL) and saturated aqueous NaCl (8 mL) was added. The heterogeneous mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The EtOAc layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in heptane to afford 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-prop-(.E)-ylidene] -amide. MS m/z 307 (M), 309 (M+2).
To a chilled (O0C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5- yl)-prop-(E)-ylidene]-amide (208 mg, 0.677 mmol) in MeOH (11 mL) was added sodium borohydride (9.1 mg, 0.24 mmol) in three portions. After 2 hours, the mixture was warmed to room temperature over a 1 hour period. The mixture was then quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (21 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The 1H NMR of the crude material revealed a 7:3 ratio of diastereomers, 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide and 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(R)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide, respectively. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 20-100% EtOAc in heptane. MS m/z 309.41 (M), 311.38 (M+2).
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5)-l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)- propyl]-amide (17.5 mg, 0.0566 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added a 4 M solution of HCl in dioxane (0.70 mL, 0.28 mmol) dropwise. After 2.5 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which was used with out purification. MS m/z 188.24 (M - 53), 190.20 (M+2 - 53).
Example 72: Synthesis of C-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-methylamine hydrochloride salt
(72)
Figure imgf000214_0001
To a chilled (O0C) solution of 3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-methanol (560 mg, 3.15 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (31 niL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (2.00 g, 4.72 mmol) in 3 portions and the mixture was warmed to room temperature. After 4 hours, the mixture was diluted with Et2O (40 mL) and 1:1 mixture of aqueous solution of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (20 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 (20 mL) was added. After 15 hours, the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with Et2O (2 x) and EtOAc (2 x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford S-bromo-isoxazole-S-carbaldehyde as a yellowish/orange solid. MS m/z 194.00 (M+ H2O); 195.97 (M+2).
To a solution of 3-bromo-isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde (182 mg, 1.03 mmol) and (R)-(+)-2- methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (150 mg, 121 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added titanium (IV) isopropoxide (0.667 mL, 2.28 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at reflux. After 22 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo and the remaining solution was diluted with EtOAc (33 mL) and saturated aqueous NaCl (6 mL) was added. The resultant heterogeneous mixture was stir at room temperature. After 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The EtOAc layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in heptane to afford 2-methyl- propane-2-sulfinic acid l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-meth-(£)-ylideneamide.
To a chilled (-780C) yellow solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid l-(3-bromo- isoxazol-5-yl)-meth-(£)-ylideneamide (129 mg, 0.462 mmol) in THF (7 mL) was added a 1 M solution of DIBAH (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol) in hexanes dropwise. After 1.5 hours, the reaction was quenched with MeOH (4 mL) and the cold bath was removed. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was treated with 1 N aqueous NaOH (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid (3-bromo-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide which was used without further purification. MS m/z 281.35 (M), 283.32 (M+2).
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid (3-bromo-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl)-amide (128 mg, 0.455 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added a 4 M solution of HCl in dioxane (0.350 mL, 1.40 mmol) dropwise. After 2 hours and 10 minutes, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which was used without further purification.
Example 73: (S)-l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl) -lH-pyrazol-3-yl] -propylamine (73)
73
To a solution of lH-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (3.00 g, 31.22 mmol) in TΗF was added 60% NaH (1.64 g, 41.00 mmol) in mineral oil. After 20 minutes, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (7.82 g, 41.00 mmol) was added. After 2 hours, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 10-50% EtOAc in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford (l-(toluene- 4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde) as a white solid.
To a chilled (-4O0C) solution of l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (1.50 g, 5.99 mmol) in TΗF was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (3.00 mL, 6.00 mmol) in TΗF. After 3 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonia chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford l-[l-(toruene-4-surfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan- l-ol.
To a solution of l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-ol (2.20 g, 7.85 mmol) in CH2Cl2 WaS added the Dess-Martin periodinane (4.24 g, 10.00 mmol). After 12 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-one.
To a solution of l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-propan-l-one (2.10 g, 7.55 mmol) in dichloroethane was added (i?)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (1.45 g, 12.00 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (4.26 g, 15.00 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at reflux overnight. After cooling, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and saturated aqueous NaCl was added dropwise. After 20 minutes, the solution was passed through diatomaceous earth. The combined organics were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol- 3-yl]-prop-(E)-ylidene] -amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-[l-(toluene-4- surfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-prop-(.E)-ylidene] -amide (2.00 g, 5.24 mmol) in TΗF was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride (5.27 mL, 5.27 mmol) in TΗF. After 6 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20-40% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fraction (with one diastereomer) were combined and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 2- methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid { (S)- 1 -[ 1 -(toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-pyrazol-3-yl] -propyl } - amide. To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfuric acid {(5r)-l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH- pyrazol-3-yl] -propyl} -amide (1.00 g, 2.61 mmol) in MeOH was added a 4 M solution of HCl in dioxane (1 rnL, 4 mmol). After 2 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
(S)-l-[l-(Toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl]-propylamine was also prepared from lH-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, and
(S)-l-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-propylamine was prepared from 4-bromo-2- methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde according to the method described in experiment 73.
Example 74: S-Bromo-lH-pyrrole-S-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (74)
Figure imgf000218_0001
74
To a solution of methyl lH-pyrrolecarboxylate (4.00 g, 32.00 mmol) in dioxane was added anhydrous sodium acetate (4.92 g, 60.00 mmol) followed by a solution of bromine (32.00 mmol) in dioxane (150 mL) dropwise. After 4 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was poured into an ice cold solution of 5% aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10-40% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
Example 75: (S)-l-(lH-Pyrazol-4-yl)-propylamine (75)
Figure imgf000219_0001
To a solution of ethyl lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (4.50 g, 32.11 mmol) in TΗF was added 60% NaH (1.60 g, 40.00 mmol) in mineral oil. After 20 minutes, p- toluenesulfonyl chloride was added. After 3 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30-50% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.90 g, 3.06 mmol) in CH2Cl2 was added a 1 M solution of DIBAH (11.00 mL, 11.00 mmol) in CH2Cl2 dropwise. After 4 hours, the reaction was warmed to room temperature. After 8 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. After 2 hours, the solution was passed through the diatomaceous earth. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford the [l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl] -methanol. To a solution of [l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-methanol (5.20 g, 20.61 mmol) in TΗF was added Dess-Martin periodinane (15.00 g, 35.37 mmol). After 3 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and filtered through diatomaceous earth. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 20-50% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde.
To a solution of l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (5.20 g, 20.78 mmol) in dichloroethane was added (i?)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (4.24 g, 35.00 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (12.00 g, 42.00 mmol) and the mixture was warmed at reflux. After 12 hours, the mixture was cooled, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaCl was added dropwise. After 20 minutes, the solution was filtered through diatomaceous earth. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-methyl-(£)-ylideneamide.
To a chilled (-4O0C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid l-[l-(toluene-4- sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-methyl-(£)-ylideneamide (7.00 g, 19.80 mmol) in TΗF was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (12.50 ml, 25.00 mmol) in TΗF dropwise. After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10-40% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid { (S)-I -[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-propyl}-amide.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid {(5r)-l-[l-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-lH- pyrazol-4-yl] -propyl} -amide (2.00 g, 5.22 mmol) in MeOH was added a 4 M solution of HCl (5.0 niL, 20 mmol) in dioxane. After 12 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
The following chiral intermediates were also prepared by the method described in Example 75.
(S)-I- [4-Bromo- 1 -(toluene-4-sulfonyl)- lH-pyrrol-2-yl] -propylamine, and
Figure imgf000221_0001
Example 76: N-(5-Aminomethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-acetamide (76)
Figure imgf000221_0002
76
To a solution of 5-bromo-2-chloroprimidine (2.00 g, 10.34 mmol) in THF was added 60% NaH (0.34 g, 14.00 mmol) in mineral oil. After 20 minutes, iV-methylacetamide (0.80 g, 11.00 mmol) was added dropwise. After 2 hours, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford iV-(5-bromo- pyrimidin-2-yl)-iV-methyl-acetamide.
In a sealed tube was added N-(5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-acetamide (0.70 g, 3.04 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (0.59 g, 5.00 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.35 g, 0.30 mmol) in anhydrous DMF was degassed with Argon for 5 minutes and then warmed at 12O0C. After 5 hours, the mixture was cooled and diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vauco to afford N-(5- cyano-pyrimidin-2- yl) -iV-methyl- acetamide .
A solution of N-(5-cyano-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-acetamide (0.08 g, 0.45 mmol) in MeOH and 28% aqueous ammonia hydroxide (0.80 mL, 0.45 mmol) was hydrogenated over Raney-Ni catalyst using a continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (conditions: flow rate 1 niL/minute, 250C, 10 bar). After 2 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH in CH2Cl2. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
The following intermediates were also prepared by the method described in Example 76:
ΛK5-Aminomethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-Λf-methyl-methanesulfonamide, and
C-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-methylamine.
Example 77: N-(4-Aminomethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
(77)
Figure imgf000222_0001
77
In a sealed tube a mixture of 2,4-dichloropyrimide (3.00 g, 20.14 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (2.46 g, 21.00 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (2.32 g, 2.00 mmol) in anhydrous DMF was degassed with argon for 10 minutes and then warmed at 12O0C for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-chloropyrimidine-4- carbonitrile.
To a solution of 2-chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (0.20 g, 1.43 mmol) in THF was 60% NaH (0.05 g, 2.00 mmol) in mineral oil. After 20 minutes, iV-methylmethanesulfonamide (0.22 g, 2.00 mmol) was added. After 3 hours, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford iV-(4-cyano-pyrimidin-2- yl)-iV-methyl-methanesulfonamide.
A solution of N-(4-cyano-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (0.15 g, 0.71 mmol) in MeOH and 28% aqueous ammonia hydroxide (1.2 mL, 0.70 mmol) was hydrogenated over Raney-Ni catalyst using a continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (conditions: 1 niL/minute, 250C, 10 bar). After 2 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH in CH2Cl2. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
Example 78: C-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-methylamine (78)
Figure imgf000224_0001
78
In a sealed tube a mixture of 4-(4-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine (0.40 g, 1.64 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (0.35 g, 3.00 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.23 g, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous DMF was degassed with argon for 10 minutes and then warmed at 12O0C. After 2 hours, the mixture was cooled and diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in heptane. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-morpholin-4-yl- pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile.
A solution of 2-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (0.28 g, 1.47 mmol) in MeOH and 28% aqueous ammonia hydroxide (2.0 mL, 1.40 mmol) was hydrogenated over Raney-Ni catalyst using a continuous flow apparatus (conditions: 1 niL/minute, 250C, 10 bar). After 2 hours, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH in CH2Cl2. The major fractions were combined and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
Example 79: l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-carbamoyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (79)
Figure imgf000225_0001
To a chilled (1O0C) rapidly stirred solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)-I-(I- cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (4.4 g, 16.58 mmol) in DMSO (70 rnL) was added potassium carbonate (3 g, 21.72 mmol) portionwise followed by a 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (6.16 mL, 54.38 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours. The reaction was cooled to 50C, diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), quenched with 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (25 mL), and stirred for 1 hour. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4- [(S)-I -(2- methyl-propane-2-sulfinylamino)-propyl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide as a thick colorless oil.
To a solution of 85% 4-[(S)-l-(2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinylamino)-propyl]-pyridine-2- carboxylic acid amide (5.5 g, 16.5 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added a 4 N solution of HCl in dioxane (4.33 mL, 17.32 mmol). After 2 hour, additional 4 N HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was monitored by TLC (eluting with EtOAc). After 1.5 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove MeOH and EtOAc (400 mL) was added. The mixture was washed with saturated sodium carbonate solution (100 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4-((5r)-l-amino-propyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide.
To a solution of 4-((5r)-l-amino-propyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide (1 g, 5.58 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added triethylamine (2.33 mL, 16.74 mmol) followed by a solution of di-tert-buty\ dicarbonate (1.34 g, 6.14 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The reaction was stirred overnight and was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-75% EtOAc in heptane to afford [(5r)-l-(2-carbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl)- propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as a white foam.
A solution of [(5r)-l-(2-carbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1 g, 3.58 mmol) in MeOH (16.6 mL) and glacial acetic acid (3.3 mL) was added to a flask containing 10% palladium on carbon (0.38 g, 0.36 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction was stirred at 6O0C under hydrogen at 400 psi using a Biotage Endeavour Argonaut instrument. After 20 hours, the reaction was filtered and concentrated. The crude material was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with saturated sodium carbonate solution (20 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford [(5r)-l-(2-carbamoyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as a white solid. To a chilled (O0C) solution of [(S)-l-(2-carbamoyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (780 mg, 2.73 mmol) in methylene chloride (25 rnL) was added DIPEA (0.41 rnL, 2.9 mmol) followed by benzylchloroformate (723 μL, 4.1 mmol). After 1 hour, the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL), washed with saturated ammonium chloride, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford 4--((S)- 1 -fert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-2-carbamoyl-piperidine- 1 -carboxylic acid benzyl ester.
To a solution of 84% 4-((5r)-l-^r?-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-2-carbamoyl- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.7 g, 1.4 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was added trifluoro acetic acid (2 mL). After 1 hour, the reaction was monitored by HPLC-MS. Additional TFA (1 mL) was added. After 30 minutes, the reaction was concentrated to afford 4-((S)- l-amino-propyl)-2-carbamoyl-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid benzyl ester.
To a suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (360 mg, 1.4 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added DIPEA (487 μL, 2.8 mmol). After 10 minutes, ΗATU (638 mg, 1.68 mmol) was added to the brown solution. After 10 minutes, a solution of 4-((S)- l-amino-propyl)-2-carbamoyl-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.45 g, 1.4 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) and DIPEA (244 μL, 1.4 mmol) was added resulting in a clear solution. After 18 hours, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with NH4Cl (50 mL), water (50 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-6% MeOH in DCM to afford 2-carbamoyl-4-((5r)-l-{ [l-(4- fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-propyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a light brown foam.
A solution of 2-carbamoyl-4-((S)-l-{ [l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carbonyl] -amino }-propyl)-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid benzyl ester (340 mg, 0.61 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added to a flask containing 10% palladium on carbon (52 mg, 0.05 mmol) under nitrogen and then the mixture was placed under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen. The reaction was monitored by HPLC-MS indicating 50% conversion. After stirring overnight, the mixture was filtered, and concentrated. The reaction was re- subjected to the above condition for an additional 5 hours at which time the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsed with MeOH, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (Sunfire PrepClδ OBD 5 uM 30 x 150 mm column, eluted with 15-85% acetonitrile in water, with 0.1% TFA). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo, made basic with a few drops of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
Example 80: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-((25,4/f)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-((2/f,4S)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80b)
Figure imgf000229_0001
The solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I- (2-carbamoyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (150 mg, 0.35 mmol) and triethyl amine (78.8 μL, 0.57 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (42.6 μL, 0.53 mmol). After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The mixture (containing two major ds-isomers and two minor trans -isomers) was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-5% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compounds as white solids. The absolute stereocenters on the piperidine ring were assigned tentatively.
Example 81: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-hydroxymethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (81)
Figure imgf000230_0001
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (1.1 g, 2.42 mmol), vinylboranic anhydride pyridine complex (O'shea's reagent) (582 mg, 2.42 mmol), and tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(O) (279 mg, 0.24 mmol) in TΗF (7 mL) and 20% aqueous sodium carbonate (2.5 mL) was warmed at 7O0C. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 100 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 70- 100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-I -(2- vinyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide.
A solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-I-(I- vinyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (200 mg, 0.5 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and water (3.3 mL) was treated with 2,6-lutidine (116 μL, 1 mmol), 2.5% osmium tetroxide in tert- butanol (125 μL, 0.01 mmol), and sodium periodate (426 mg, 2 mmol). After 5 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (5 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL) and filtered. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in heptane to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-formyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide as a white solid.
To a chilled (O0C) solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-formyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (95 mg, 0.24 mmol) in TΗF (2 mL) and methanol (2 mL) was added sodium borohydride (17.8 mg, 0.47 mmol). The mixture was then warmed to room temperature. After 1.5 hours, the mixture was quenched with water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound as a white solid.
Example 82: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride salt (82)
Figure imgf000231_0001
HCI
Figure imgf000231_0002
Figure imgf000231_0003
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-bromo-pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (7.0 g, 38 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride in ether (23.5 mL, 47.0 mmol) over a 10 minute period. After 15 minutes, the mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature over 1 hour. The reaction was quenched by the slow addition of saturated aqueous NH4Cl (100 rnL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 200 rnL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to afford a brown oil. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 20-40% EtOAc in hexanes to afford l-(2- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-ol.
To a solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-ol (2.20 g 10.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (55 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (5.6 g, 13 mmol). After 30 hours, and was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (40 mL) and partially concentrated to remove the dichloromethane. The crude material was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (100 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (40 mL) and brine (40 mL). The material was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)- propan-1-one as a clear oil which was used without further purification.
Alternatively, the intermediate ketone, l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one, can be prepared via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
A solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one (8.9 g, 42 mmol), R-(+)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (6 g, 50 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (26 g, 91 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (50 mL) was heated to 4O0C for 18 hours. After cooling, the solution was concentrated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The solution was stirred and brine (100 mL) was added slowly. After 15 minutes, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layers were separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)- prop-(.E)-ylidene] -amide. To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfuric acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4- yl)-prop-(.E)-yridene] -amide (6.0 g, 19 mmol) in THF (280 niL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride in THF (37.8 ml, 37.8 mmol) dropwise. After 2.5 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 400 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, and concentrated. The residue was purifed by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford an oily solid, which after further drying provided 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(R)- l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide as a crystalline solid.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]- amide (6.00 g, 18.8 mmol) in DMSO (240 ml) was added sodium methanesulfinate (6.77 g, 56.4 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (10.7 g, 56.4 mmol) The mixture was then heated at 13O0C for 45 minutes. The reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (90 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (10 mL), and EtOAc (150 mL), and sonicated for 10 minutes to dissolve all the solids. The phases were separated and the organic layer was washed with a 9:1 mixture of saturated NH4Cl- saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL). The combined aqueous phases were extracted with EtOAc (150 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl)-propyl] -amide as a clear thick oil.
Alternatively, (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one. l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 82.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl)-propyl] -amide (26 g, 82 mmol) in methanol (150 mL) was added a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (22.5 ml, 89.8 mmol) and stirred for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated to half the original volume and diluted with toluene (100 rnL), and concentrated. The crude material was co-evaporated from toluene (3 x 100 mL) and dried in vacuo for 18 hours to afford the title compound as an off-white solid.
Example 83: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (83)
Figure imgf000234_0001
To a mixture of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (1.08 g, 4.20 mmol) and DIPEA (2.19 ml, 12.6 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added ΗATU (3.19 g, 8.39 mmol). After 30 minutes, a solution of (5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl)-propylamine hydrochloride salt (0.90 g, 4.2 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture became homogeneous. After 16 hours, the mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was twice purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford a yellow solid. The solid was dissolved in a minimal amount of dichloromethane and diluted with hexanes, and the collected by filtration washing with diethyl ether to afford the title compound as an off- white solid.
Example 84: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(/f)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]-amide (84) HCI
Figure imgf000235_0001
Figure imgf000235_0002
To a suspension of (i?)-2-amino-2-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanol hydrochloride salt (180 mg, 0.710 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 rnL) was added triethylamine (370 μL, 2.13 mmol) and di-tert-buty\ dicarbonate (186 mg, 0.852 mmol). After 16 hours, the mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (20 mL), washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in methylene chloride to afford [(i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-carbamic acid tot-butyl ester as foam. MS m/z 317.1 (M+), 319.0 (M+2).
To a solution of [(i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (180 mg, 0.568 mmol), methyl iodide (177 μL, 2.84 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (192 mg, 0.568 mmol) in THF (4.0 mL) was added 50% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2.5 mL). After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl ether (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-30% ethyl acetate in heptane to afford [(i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as oil which solidified upon standing.
To a solution of [(i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (150 mg, 0.453 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 rnL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (872 μL, 11.3 mmol). After 14 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford (R)-I-(I- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethylamine ditrifloroacetic acid salt which was used without purification. MS m/z 231.01 (M+), 232.99 (M+2).
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (110 mg, 0.428 mmol), (i?)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethylamine ditrifloroacetic acid salt (205 mg, 0.447 mmol) and DIPEA (380 μL, 2.14 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) was added TBTU (172 mg, 0.535 mmol). After 2 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), and washed with 2 N sodium hydroxide (100 mL), saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 100 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-4% methanol in methylene chloride to afford the title compound as off-white solid.
The following compound was also prepared using the above coupling procedure:
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin- 4-yl)- 1 -methyl-ethyl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin- 4-yl)- 1 -methyl-prop yl] -amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin- 4-yl)-l-ethyl-propyl] -amide, and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-Hi- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide
Example 85: l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl}-amide (85)
Figure imgf000237_0001
A microwave vessel charged with l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol), 1- methylpiperazine (33.1 mg, 0.33 mmol) and DIPEA (115 μL, 0.66 mmol) in 1-butanol (1.5 mL) was irradiated at 2000C. After 4 hours, the reaction was cooled, evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified with reverse phase liquid chromatography to afford the title compound.
The following compounds were also prepared by methods described in Example 85 by using the appropriate amine (0.33 mmol).
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(4- methanesulfonyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[l,2']bipyridinyl-4'-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(5r)-l-(4,4-difluoro- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[l,2']bipyridinyl-4'-yl)-propyl]-amide,
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-I- {2-[(2-methoxy- ethyl)-methyl-amino] -pyridin-4-yl } -propyl)-amide, l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { (5r)-l-[2-(4-acetyl- piperazin- 1 -yl)-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl } -amide, and
l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-I-[I-(I5I-CIiOXO- 1 λ -thiomorpholin-4-yl)-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl } -amide.
Example 86: Synthesis of (S)-l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride (86)
Figure imgf000238_0001
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-bromo-pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (10.0 g, 53.8 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added a 3 M solution of methylmagnesium chloride in THF (18 mL, 54 mmol) over a 10 minute period. After 1 hour, the yellow solution was allowed to warm gradually to room temperature over a 3 hour period. The reaction was quenched by the slow addition of saturated aqueous NH4Cl (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to afford a brown oil. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 10-45% EtOAc in hexanes to afford l-(2- bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanol. To a chilled (ice water bath) solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanol (27.5 g, 132 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 rnL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (56.0 g, 132 mmol). The cold bath was then removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 2 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated sodium carbonate (100 mL) and partially concentrated to remove the dichloromethane. The crude material was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (200 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 5-30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 1- (2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone as white needles.
Alternatively, the intermediate ketone (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) can be accessed via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
A solution of l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone (8.0 g, 40 mmol), R-(+)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (5.8 g, 48 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (25.7 mL, 87.8 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) was heated at 6O0C. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and brine (50 mL) was added slowly to the stirred mixture. After 15 minutes, the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-eth-(E)-ylidene]- amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4- yl)-eth-(.E)-ylidene] -amide (9.3 g, 31 mmol) in THF (280 mL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride in THF (61.3 ml, 61.3 mmol) dropwise. After 2.5 hours, the chilled mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 400 rnL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 50-90% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide as a light yellow oil which contained 5% of the opposite diastereomer.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]- amide (3.10 g, 10.2 mmol) (containing 5 wt% of the other diastereomer) in DMSO (120 mL) was added sodium methanesulfinate (3.7 g, 31 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (5.8 g, 31 mmol) The mixture was warmed at 13O0C for 45 minutes. The reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (90 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL), and EtOAc (150 mL), and sonicated for 10 minutes to dissolve all the solids. The aqueous phase was separated and the organic layer was washed with a mixture of saturated aqueous NH4Cl (90 mL) in saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 75-100% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- 1 -(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl] -amide as a clear thick oil as a single diastereomer.
Alternatively, (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone. l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 86.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4- yl)-ethyl] -amide (29.9 g, 98.2 mmol) in methanol (160 mL) was added a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (25.8 mL, 103 mmol). After 1 hour, the solution was concentrated to half the original volume and diluted with toluene (100 mL), and concentrated. The crude material was diluted with toluene (3 x 100 mL) and concentrated in vacuo and dried in vacuo for 18 hours to afford the title compound as an off-white solid which was used without further purification.
Example 87: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethyl]-amide (87)
Figure imgf000241_0001
To a suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (17.74 g, 68.98 mmol) in DMF (200 niL) was added DIPEA (30 niL, 170 mmol) followed by ΗATU (27.37 g, 71.98 mmol). After 5 minutes, a light brown precipitate formed and additional DMF (50 mL) was added to aid stirring. After 1.5 hours, (S)-I-(I- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride (14.20 g, 59.99 mmol) was added, followed by additional DIPEA (10 mL, 55 mmol). After 18 hours, the mixture was poured into water (1.5 L) containing sodium bicarbonate (25 g). The solid was collected by filtration and washed with aqueous sodium carbonate (1 L), water (1 L) and dried by pulling vacuum through the filter cake. The crude product was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with EtOAc in dichloromethane (1:9, then 2:8, then 5:5, then 100:0). The material from the pad was concentrated and triturated with diethylether to afford the title compound as an off-white solid.
Example 88: Synthesis of 6-(Dimethylaminosulfonylamino)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl amine dihydrochloride salt (88)
Figure imgf000242_0001
To a solution of 6-amino-nicotinonitrile (2.4 g, 20.15 mmol) in DMF (40 niL) was added a 1 M solution of NaHMDS (22.0 niL, 22.0 mmol) in THF followed by sulfamoyl chloride (3.0 mL, 27.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight and was then diluted with 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide and a mixture of ether-hexanes. The aqueous layer was separated. The organic layer was extracted with 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 x 30 mL). The combined aqueous layers were washed with ether (3 x 30 mL), made acidic with 1 N aqueous HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (3 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated in vacuo. The solid was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 10-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes (compound precipitated on the column but dissolved over time at high ethyl acetate concentration) to afford 6- (dimethylaminosulfonylamino)-3-cyanopyridine as a white solid
A solution of 6-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)-3-cyanopyridine (250 mg, 1.1 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (25 mL) and 4 N HCl in dioxane (1 mL) was hydrogenated over 10% Pd/C catalyst using a continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (conditions: flow rate 1.0 niL/minute, 250C, 1 atmosphere). The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate). The methanol was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
Example 89: Synthesis of (S)-l-(4-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride salt (89)
Figure imgf000243_0001
To a solution of 4-bromo-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 9.9 mmol) in DMF (15 niL) was added CDI. After 15 minutes, morpholine (3.0 rnL, 34.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was monitored by HPLC-MS indicating a single peak with the desired mass and the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude mixture was passed through a silica gel column using dichloromethane to load the sample and then eluting with a gradient of 10-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 4-bromo- pyridin-2-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone (1.5 g, 5.53 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added of a 2 M solution of ethyl magnesium chloride (3.5 mL, 7.0 mmol) in THF dropwise. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 2:8). The mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propan-l-one. A mixture of l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propan-l-one (1.0 g, 4.67 mmol), R-(+)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (711 mg, 5.87 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (2 mL, 6.8 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) was warmed at reflux. After 1 hour, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for 2 days. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 2:8). The mixture was then diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and water (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in hexanes (1:99, then 5:95) to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propyl] -amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(5r)-l-(4-bromo- pyridin-2-yl)-propyl] -amide (985 mg, 3.10 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride (3.2 mL, 3.2 mmol) in THF. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-ether 3:7) indicating a single diastereomer when compared to a mixture of diastereomers prepared by reduction of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propyl] -amide with lithium borohydride in THF. After 3 hours, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane. The material from the column was crystallized from hexanes to afford (S)-l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propylamine.
A mixture of (S)-l-(4-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-propylamine (600 mg, 1.88 mmol) in 3 N aqueous HCl was stirred for 16 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC for the disappearance of starting material (ethyl acetate-ether 3:7). The mixture was then added to a solution of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford title compound which was used without purification Example 90: Synthesis of C-(5-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methylamine (90)
Figure imgf000245_0001
90
To a solution of 5-bromo-pyridine-2-carbonitrile (500 mg, 2.73 mmol) in DMSO (10 niL) in a microwave tube was added 85% sodium methanesulfinate (525 mg, 4.37 mmol) followed by copper (II) triflate (990 mg, 2.74 mmol) and dimethylethylene diamine (890 μL, 8.36 mmol). The mixture was warmed in a microwave reactor at 1150C. After 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 15 mL), brine (3 x 15 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was triturated with ether to afford 5-methanesulfonyl-pyridine-2-carbonitrile.
A solution of 5-methanesulfonyl-pyridine-2-carbonitrile (120 mg, 0.66 mmol) in methanol was hydrogenated over 10% Pd/C catalyst using a continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (conditions: flow rate 1 niL/minute, 10 bars, 250C). The reaction was monitored by HPLC-MS and TLC (ethyl acetate) indicating the disappearance of starting material. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and then twice diluted with ether-hexanes and concentrated to afford the title compound.
Example 91: Synthesis of (S)-l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propylamine dihydrochloride salt (91)
Figure imgf000246_0001
L-Selectride
Figure imgf000246_0002
To a chilled (ice bath) solution of 6-bromo-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (15.0 g, 80.64 mmol) in a 1:1 mixture of etheπtoluene (400 rnL) was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (40.0 rnL, 80.0 mmol) in THF over a 15 minute period. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 3:7). After 4 hours, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (300 mL) and the organic phase separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with dichloromethane-hexanes (0-100%). The material from the pad was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate-hexanes (2:98, then 4:96, then 6:94, then 8:92, then 1:9, then 12:88, then 15:85) to afford l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propan-l-ol as a clear oil.
Reacting 6-bromo-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde with propylmagnesium chloride according to the above method gave the following analog:
l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butan-l-ol. To a solution of l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propan-l-ol (12.9 g, 59.93 mmol) in THF (200 niL) was added 85% activated MnO2 (6.4 g, 62.57 mmol) and the mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 4:6) indicating starting material and a new less polar product. To the mixture was added additional 85% activated MnO2 (6.0 g, 58.66 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 2 days. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 3:7) indicting starting material was still present. The mixture was warmed at reflux for 6 hours. The mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane and Dess-Martin periodinane (19 g, 44.8 mmol) was added. After 1 hour, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (200 mL) and concentrated. The resulting solid was collected by filtration washing with water and dried by pulling vacuum through the filter cake. The solid was then suspended in dichloromethane and filtered and the filtrate was passed through a pad of silica gel eluting with ether to afford l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propan-l-one as a white solid.
Reacting (l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butan-l-ol according to the above method gave the following analog:
l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butan-l-one.
A mixture of l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propan-l-one (11.8 g, 55.12 mmol), R-(+)-2- methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (8.0 g, 66.01 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (18.0 mL, 61.43 mmol) in dichloroethane (65 mL) was warmed at reflux. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 2:8). After 2 days, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (600 mL) and water (15 mL) was added. After 10 minutes of stirring, the mixture was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes and then a gradient of 0-40% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(6-bromo- pyridin-3-yl)-prop-(£')-ylidene]-amide. Reacting l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butan-l-one according to the above method gave the following analog:
2-Methyl-propane-2- sulfuric acid [l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-but-(£)-ylidene] -amide.
To a chilled (-780C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3- yl)-prop-(£)-ylidene]-amide (10.4 g, 32.78 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added a 1 M solution of L-Selectride (33.0 mL, 33.0 mmol) in THF. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-ether 3:7) indicating a single diastereomer (when compared to a mixture of diastereomers prepared by a reduction of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [1- (6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-prop-(£)-ylidene] -amide with lithium borohydride in THF). After 6 hours, the mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with ether-dichloromethane (0:100, then 5:95, then 1:9, then 2:8). The material from the chromatography was triturated with ether to afford in two crops material which by 1H NMR is consistent with a single diastereomer however an impurity is present by TLC (ethyl acetate-ether 3:7). This material and the filtrate was purified by silica gel chromatography separately using ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (0:100, then 4:96, then 8:98, then 12:88, then 2:8, then 3:7, then 4:6). The material from the two purifications was combined and crystallized from dichloromethane-hexanes-ether to afford in 3 crops 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(^-l^ό-bromo-pyridin-S-yl)- propyl] -amide.
Reacting 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-but-(£)-ylidene]- amide according to the above method gave the following analog:
2-Methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)-l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide. To a mixture of 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfuric acid [(S)-l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]- amide (5.35 g, 16.76 mmol) in methanol (25 mL) was added a solution of 4 N HCl in dioxane (10 mL, 40.0 mmol). The mixture was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 3:7). After 2 hour, the mixture was concentrated to near dryness to afford a white solid. The solid was diluted with ether and collected by filtration to afford the title compound.
Reacting 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(S)-l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butyl]-amide according to the above method gave the following analog:
(S)-l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-butylamine.
Example 92: Synthesis of l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylamine (92)
Figure imgf000249_0001
92
A mixture of 6-bromo-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.38 mmol), 2-methylpropane-2- sulfinamide (715 mg, 5.90 mmol) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (2.5 mL, 8.53 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) was warmed at HO0C in the microwave for 15 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 2:8). The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) and water (5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-meth-(.E)-ylideneamide
To a chilled (-2O0C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3- yl)-meth-(£)-ylideneamide (1.25 g, 4.32 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate (2.6 g, 4.82 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added a solution of trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (1 g, 7.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) in several portions. After 30 minutes, the mixture was warmed to room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate-hexanes 2:8). The mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The material from the column was triturated with ether-hexanes to afford 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(6- bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl]-amide.
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(6-bromo-pyridin-3-yl)-2,2,2- trifluoro-ethyl] -amide (1.17 g, 3.26 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added a 4 N solution of HCl in dioxane (2 mL, 8.0 mmol). The reaction was monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate- hexanes 3:7). The mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 15 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:9, then 2:8) to afford the title compound as a clear oil.
Example 93: Synthesis of (S)-l-(6-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (93)
Figure imgf000250_0001
93
To a solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [(^-l-^-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-S- yl)-propyl] -amide (50.0 g, 157.0 mmol) in methanol (500 mL) was added a 4 N solution of HCl in dioxane (40.0 mL, 160.0 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated to near dryness (about 40 rnL) and the resulting mixture was diluted with ether (500 rnL) to afford the title compound.
Example 94: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (94)
Figure imgf000251_0001
To a suspension of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (37.8 g, 146.9 mmol) in DMF (400 mL) was added DIPEA (50 mL, 287.0 mmol) followed by TBTU (49.5 g, 154.1 mmol). The mixture stirred for 1 hour, to afford a precipitate. To the mixture was added (5r)-l-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)- propylamine hydrochloride (32.0 g, 127.6 mmol) followed by DIPEA (30 mL, 172.2 mmol). The mixture stirred overnight and was then poured into water (2.5 L) with sodium bicarbonate (50 g) added. The solid was collected by filtration washing with aqueous sodium carbonate (2 L) and then water (3 L). The solid was dried by pulling vacuum through the filter cake. The crude material was dissolved in dichloromethane and passed through a pad of silica gel (2000 mL funnel) using ethyl acetate- dichloromethane (1:9, then 2:8, then 100:0). The material from the pad was triturated with ether and the solid was collected by filtration. The solid was then dissolved in hot acetonitrile (1 L) and diluted with water (1 L). The product crystallized from the light yellow solution upon cooling overnight. The solid was collected by filtration washing with a 1:1 mixture of acetonitrile- water and then dried by pulling vacuum through the filter cake for 4 hours and then at 9O0C under house vacuum for approximately 11 hours (until a constant weight) to afford the title compound as a crystalline solid. Example 95: Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid {(5)-l-[2-(l-hydroxy-l-methyl-ethyl)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl}-amide
(95)
Figure imgf000252_0001
To a chilled (-780C) solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-fomiyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (368 mg, 0.91 mmol) in anhydrous TΗF (8 rnL) was added a solution of 1.6 N methyl lithium (2.28 mL, 3.65 mmol) in diethyl ether and the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature. After 3.5 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to -780C, quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% MeOH in DCM to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid { (S)- l-[2-(l-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl} -amide as a light yellow foam.
To a solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid J(S)-I- [2-(l-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyridin-4-yl] -propyl} -amide (71 mg, 0.17 mmol) in acetone (4 mL) was added MnO2 (147 mg, 1.69 mmol). After 18 hours, the reaction was monitored by ΗPLC-MS indicating a 1:3 mixture of product to starting material. The mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth rinsing with acetone (200 rnL) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with acetone (4 rnL) and MnO2 (147 mg, 1.69 mmol) was added. After 5 hours, the reaction was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsed with acetone and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with using a gradient of 10-100% EtOAc in heptane to afford l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-acetyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide as a white solid.
To a chilled (-78°) solution of l-(4-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)- l-(2-acetyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl] -amide (32 mg, 0.08 mmol) in anhydrous TΗF (2 mL) was added a solution of 1.6 N methyl lithium (0.29 mL, 0.46 mmol) in diethyl ether. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature. After 18 hours, the mixture was cooled to -780C, quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 60 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by reversed-phase ΗPLC (Sunfire PrepC18 OBD 5 μM 30 x 150 mm column) using a gradient of 15-65% acetonitrile in water with 0.1% TFA. Fractions from the chromatography were concentrated, made basic by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The solid was triturated with EtOAc-hexanes to afford the title.
Example 96: Synthesis of l-Ethyl-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-thiazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (96)
Figure imgf000253_0001
96
To a chilled (O0C) solution of 2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinic acid [l-(2-methanesulfonyl- thiazol-5-yl)-prop-(Z)-ylidene]-amide (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added a 2 M solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (0.19 mL, 0.38 mmol) in diethyl ether. After 2.5 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to yield an oil. The oil was dissolved in methanol (5 mL) and a 4 N solution of HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL, 2 mmol) was added. After 1 hour, the solution was concentrated to obtain the title compound.
The following compounds were prepared according to methods described in Example 96:
l-(2-Bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-l-methyl-ethylamine was prepared from 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-eth-(£')-ylidene] -amide using methyl magnesium bromide as the Grignard reagent and toluene as solvent;
l-(2-Bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-l-methyl-propylamine was prepared from 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-eth-(£)-ylidene] -amide using toluene as solvent; and
l-(2-Bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-l-ethyl-propylamine was prepared from 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-prop-(£')-ylidene] -amide using toluene as solvent.
ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Compounds are assessed for the ability to block the interaction of CCRl and MIP- lα in a functional cellular assay measuring calcium flux in CCRltransfected cells.
Method A: Non-adherent cells purchased from Chemicon Corporation (HTS005C), stably expressing recombinant CCRl and G-alpha-16 are grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Mediatech 10-080-CM) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 0.4 mg/mL Geneticin and penicillin/streptomycin. On the day of the assay, the cells are transferred to a beaker and dye-loaded in bulk using a Fluo-4 NW Calcium Assay Kit with probenecid (Invitrogen F36205) at 0.8E6 cells/mL for 1 hour at room temperature. After 1 hour, they are seeded in a 384-well tissue culture-treated plate at a density of 20,000 cells/well. Appropriately diluted test compound is added to the well to achieve a top concentration of 3,000 nM (diluted 4-fold with 10 doses total). The final concentration of DMSO is 1%. The buffer is HBSS (Invitrogen 14025) with 20 mM HEPES at pH 7.4. The cells are allowed to incubate 1 hour in the dark at room temperature. The plates are transferred to the FLIPR TETRA where MIP-I alpha in 1% BSA is added at the EC80 final concentration. Wells +/- MIP-I alpha containing diluted DMSO instead of compound serve as the controls. Intracellular calcium flux is recorded on the FLIPR TETRA, using excitation at 470/495 nm and emission at 515/575 nm. Data are analyzed using Activity Base software.
Method B: Non-adherent cells purchased from Chemicon Corporation (HTS005C), stably expressing recombinant CCRl and G-alpha-16 are grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Mediatech 10-080-CM) supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.4 mg/mL Geneticin and penicillin/streptomycin. On the day of the assay, the cells are loaded with Calcium 4 dye (Molecular Devices R7448) with Probenecid (Invitrogen P346400) at 8E5 cells/mL for 1 hour at room temperature. After 1 hour, they are seeded in a 384-well tissue culture- treated plate at a density of 20,000 cells/well. Appropriately diluted test compound is added to the well to achieve a top concentration of 3,000 nM (diluted 4-fold with 10 doses total). The final concentration of DMSO is 1%. The buffer is HBSS (Invitrogen 14025) with 20 mM HEPES at pH 7.4. The cells incubate 30 minutes at 37 C and then 30 minutes at room temperature. The plates are transferred to the HAMAMATSU FDSS6000 where MIP-lalpha in 1% BSA is added at the EC80 final concentration. AU plates must be read within 4 hours of the start of dye-loading. Wells +/- MIP-lalpha containing diluted DMSO instead of compound serve as the controls. Data are analyzed using Activity Base software.
In general, the preferred potency range (IC50) of compounds in one or both of the above assays is between 0.1 nM to 3 μM, and the most preferred potency range is 0.1 nM to 50 nM. Results from both assays were comparable as shown by selected compounds. Representative compounds of the invention have been tested in one or both of the above assay variations and have shown activity as CCRl antagonists, this represents another embodiment of the invention.
Table II
Figure imgf000256_0001
Figure imgf000257_0001
Figure imgf000258_0001
Figure imgf000259_0001
Figure imgf000260_0001
Figure imgf000261_0001
Figure imgf000262_0001
Figure imgf000263_0001
Figure imgf000264_0001
Figure imgf000265_0001
Figure imgf000266_0001
Figure imgf000267_0001
Figure imgf000268_0001
Figure imgf000269_0001
Figure imgf000270_0001
Figure imgf000271_0001
Figure imgf000272_0001
Figure imgf000273_0001
Figure imgf000274_0001
Figure imgf000275_0001
METHOD OF USE
The compounds of the invention are effective antagonists of the interactions between CCRl and its chemokine ligands and thus inhibit CCRl -mediated activity. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, there is provided methods of treating autoimmune disorders using compounds of the invention. In another embodiment, there is provided methods of treating inflammatory disorders using compounds of the invention.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, by antagonizing the interactions between CCRl and its chemokine ligands, the compounds block chemotaxis of pro-inflammatory cells including monocytes, macrophages dendritic cells, eosinophils, and T cells (THl) cells and other CCRl positive cells to inflamed tissues and thereby ameliorate the chronic inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases. Thus, the inhibition of CCRl activity is an attractive means for preventing and treating a variety of autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ (Horuk et al. (2001) JBC 276 p. 4199) and bone marrow transplant rejection and other disorders associated with an influx of pro-inflammatory cells. For example, the compounds of the invention may be used to prevent or treat acute or chronic inflammation, allergies, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, graft versus host disease (and other forms of organ or bone marrow transplant rejection), Alzheimer's disease (Halks-Miller et al. (2003) Ann Neurol 54_p.638), Asthma (Jouber et al. (2008) /. ImmunlS0_p. 1268), chronic kidney disease (Topham et al. (1999) /. Clin. Invest. 104 p. 1549), sepsis (He et al. (2007) Am J. Physio 292 p. Gl 173), autoimmune myocarditis (Futamats et al. (2006) J MoI Cell Cardiology 40_p. 853) and systemic lupus erythematosus. In particular, the compounds may be used to prevent or treat rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Other disorders associated with the trafficking of proinflammatory cells will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art and can also be treated with the compounds and compositions of this invention.
For treatment of the above-described diseases and conditions, a therapeutically effective dose will generally be in the range from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per dosage of a compound of the invention; preferably, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per dosage. For example, for administration to a 70 kg person, the dosage range would be from about 0.7 mg to about 7000 mg per dosage of a compound of the invention, preferably from about 7.0 mg to about 1400 mg per dosage. Some degree of routine dose optimization may be required to determine an optimal dosing level and pattern. The active ingredient may be administered from 1 to 6 times a day.
General Administration and Pharmaceutical Compositions
When used as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the invention are typically administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. Such compositions can be prepared using procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art and comprise at least one compound of the invention. The compounds of the invention may also be administered alone or in combination with adjuvants that enhance stability of the compounds of the invention, facilitate administration of pharmaceutical compositions containing them in certain embodiments, provide increased dissolution or dispersion, increased antagonist activity, provide adjunct therapy, and the like. The compounds according to the invention may be used on their own or in conjunction with other active substances according to the invention, optionally also in conjunction with other pharmacologically active substances. In general, the compounds of this invention are administered in a therapeutically or pharmaceutically effective amount, but may be administered in lower amounts for diagnostic or other purposes.
Administration of the compounds of the invention, in pure form or in an appropriate pharmaceutical composition, can be carried out using any of the accepted modes of administration of pharmaceutical compositions. Thus, administration can be, for example, orally, buccally (e.g., sublingually), nasally, parenterally, topically, transdermally, vaginally, or rectally, in the form of solid, semi-solid, lyophilized powder, or liquid dosage forms, such as, for example, tablets, suppositories, pills, soft elastic and hard gelatin capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, or aerosols, or the like, preferably in unit dosage forms suitable for simple administration of precise dosages. The pharmaceutical compositions will generally include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound of the invention as the/an active agent, and, in addition, may include other medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, diluents, vehicles, or combinations thereof. Such pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, or additives as well as methods of making pharmaceutical compositions for various modes or administration are well-known to those of skill in the art. The state of the art is evidenced, e.g., by Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Edition, A. Gennaro (ed.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, Michael & Irene Ash (eds.), Gower, 1995; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, A.H. Kibbe (ed.), American Pharmaceutical Ass'n, 2000; H. C. Ansel and N. G. Popovish, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 5th ed., Lea and Febiger, 1990; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entireties to better describe the state of the art. As one of skill in the art would expect, the forms of the compounds of the invention utilized in a particular pharmaceutical formulation will be selected (e.g., salts) that possess suitable physical characteristics (e.g., water solubility) that is required for the formulation to be efficacious.

Claims

Claims
1. A compound of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000279_0001
wherein
W is carbon and Y is nitrogen or, W is nitrogen and Y is carbon;
Ari is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted by one to three
R3;
Ar2 is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted by one to three
Rb;
Ri is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkoxyCi-6 alkyl;
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from cyano, C1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, -CO2C1-6 alkyl, - C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf) and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo;
R3 is Cp6 alkyl, C3_i0 cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylthio, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, amino, mono-or di-Ci-6 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylamino, Cr6 alkylaminocarbonyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 acylamino, Cr6 dialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, R-J-S(O)1n-NH-, R-J-NH-S(O)1n-, aryl or carboxyl;
Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH2)n-CN, -(CH2)n-CO2Ci_6alkyl, nitro, -SO3H, Cr6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Ci_6alkylC(O)-, -(CH2)n- NReRd, R4-S(O)1n(CH2)O-I-, R4-S(O)1n-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)m(CH2)0-r, -NRf-C(O)-R6, - (CH2)x-C(O)-(CH2)n-NRcRd, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each Rb where possible is optionally halogenated or substituted with 1 to 3 Ci_6 alkyl, hydroxyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cr6 alkyl-S(O)m-, aryl or carboxyl;
each Rc, Rj are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3_io cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, cyano-Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl, -(CH2)n-C(0)-NReRf or -(CH2)n-NReRf;
each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, C3_io cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr6 acyl;
R4 is hydrogen, Ci_6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH2)o-i, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_6alkylamino(CH2)2_3N(Re)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 Cr6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, Cr6alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NReRf, amino, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr6 acylamino;
each n, x are independently 0-3;
each m is independently 0-2;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound according to claim 1, and wherein R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the C1-6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2Ci-O alkyl, -C(O)N(Re)(Rf), - N(R6)(Rf), and heterocyclyl;
each Rc, Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonylCo-3alkyl or -(CH2)n-NReRf.
3. The compound according to claim 2, and wherein
W is carbon and Y is nitrogen;
Ari is phenyl, cyclohexyl or tetrahydropyranyl each optionally substituted by one to three
R3;
Ar2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted by one to three Rb;
Ri is hydrogen;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_6alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2Ci_6alkyl, -C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf), morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperidinyl;
R3 is hydrogen;
R3 is Ci-3alkyl, Cr3 alkoxy, methylsulfonyl, mono-or di-Cr3 alkylamino, Cr3 acyl, Cr3 acylamino, Cr3 dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro; Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH2)n-CN, -(CH2)n-CO2C1-6alkyl, nitro, -SO3H, d-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, Cr6alkoxy, C1-6alkylC(O)-, -(CH2)n- NRcRd, R4-S(O)1n(CH2)O-I-, R4-S(O)1n-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)m(CH2)0-i-, -NRf-C(0)-Re, - (CH2)x-C(O)-(CH2)n-NRcRd, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each Rb where possible is optionally halogenated or substituted with 1 to 3 C1-6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cr6 alkyl-S(O)m-, aryl or carboxyl;
each Rc, Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, Cr6 acyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl or -(CH2)n-NReRf;
each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr6 alkyl, C3-1O cycloalkyl, Cr6 alkoxy, Cr6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr6 acyl;
R4 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH2)O-1, mono-or di-Cr6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_6alkylamino(CH2)2_3N(Ci_6alkyl)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 2 Cr6 alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Cr6alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NReRf, amino, mono-or di-Cr6 alkylamino, Cr6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr6 acylamino.
4. The compound according to claim 3, and wherein
Ari is phenyl is substituted by one to two Ra;
Ar2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl or piperidinyl, each optionally substituted by one or two Rb;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, -CH2-CH=CH2, or -CF3, wherein the C1-3 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2Ci- 6alkyl, -C(O)N(R6)(Rf), -N(R6)(Rf) and morpholinyl; R3 is mono-or di-Ci-3 alkylamino, halogen or nitro;
Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -CN, -SO3H, -CH3, -OCH3, CH3C(O)-, -
(CH2)n-CO2Ci-6alkyl, -NRcRd, R4-S(O)m(CH2)0-i-,
R4-S(O)2-NR6-, R4-NR6-S(O)2(CH2)O-I-, -NRf-C(O)-R6, -C(O)2NH2, morpholinyl or tetrazolyl; each Rc, Rj are independently hydrogen, Q-3 alkyl, Cp3 acyl or Cp6 alkoxycarbonylCo-
3alkyl; each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, Ci-3 alkyl, Ci-3 alkoxyCi_3 alkyl or mono-or diC 1 _3 alkyl aminoC 1 _3 alkyl ;
R4 is hydrogen, Ci.4alkyl, C3.6cycloalkyl, -N(CH3)2, (CHs)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)-, or heterocyclyl(CH2)o-i, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R4 optionally substituted with -OCH3, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NH2, amino, -
N(CH3)2 or Ci-2 alkoxycarbonyl.
5. The compound according to claim 4, and wherein
R2 is hydrogen, Ci alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, -CH2-CH=CH2, or -CF3 wherein the Ci alkyl, C2 alkyl, or C3 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl and -CO2Ci_3alkyl;
Ra is -F or -Cl;
Rb is hydroxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -CN, -SO3H, -OCH3, CH3C(O)-, -(CH2)n-CO2Ci_6alkyl, -NRcRd, R4-S(O)1n-, R4-S(O)2-NR6-, R4-NRe-S(O)2(CH2)0-i-, -C(O)2NH2 morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
each Rc, Rj are independently hydrogen, CH3 or CH3C(O)-; each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, -CH3, or -CH2CH2OCH3;
R4 is hydrogen, d_4alkyl, C3.6cycloalkyl, -N(CH3)2, (CHs)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)-, or heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R4 optionally substituted with -OCH3, hydroxyl, oxo, amino, -N(CH3)2 or Cp2 alkoxycarbonyl.
6. The compound according to claim 1, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or Q_6 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups selected from cyano, Ci_6 alkoxy and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo.
7. The compound according to claim 6, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or Ci_3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, Ci_3 alkoxy and heterocyclyl chosen from dioxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl and benzodioxolyl each optionally substituted by oxo.
8. The compound according to claim 7, and wherein
R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen or Ci_3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, Ci_3 alkoxy and dioxolanyl optionally substituted by oxo.
9. The compound according to claim 1, and wherein
Rc, is hydrogen or Cp6 alkyl and Rj is cyano-Ci-6 alkyl or -(CH2)n-C(O)-NReRf; each Re, Rf are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl.
10. The compound according to claim 1, and wherein
Ar2 is pyridyl;
Rb is Ci-6 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl.
11. The compound according to claim 1 wherein Ar2 is
Figure imgf000285_0001
Figure imgf000285_0002
12. A compound chosen from:
Figure imgf000285_0003
Figure imgf000286_0001
Figure imgf000287_0001
Figure imgf000288_0001
Figure imgf000289_0001
Figure imgf000290_0001
Figure imgf000291_0001
Figure imgf000292_0001
290
Figure imgf000293_0001
Figure imgf000294_0001
Figure imgf000295_0001
Figure imgf000296_0001
Figure imgf000297_0001
Figure imgf000298_0001
Figure imgf000299_0001
Figure imgf000300_0001
Figure imgf000301_0001
Figure imgf000302_0001
Figure imgf000303_0001
Figure imgf000304_0001
Figure imgf000305_0001
Figure imgf000306_0001
Figure imgf000307_0001
Figure imgf000308_0001
Figure imgf000309_0001
Figure imgf000310_0001
Figure imgf000311_0001
Figure imgf000312_0001
Figure imgf000313_0001
Figure imgf000314_0001
Figure imgf000315_0001
Figure imgf000316_0001
Figure imgf000317_0001
Figure imgf000318_0001
Figure imgf000319_0001
Figure imgf000320_0001
Figure imgf000321_0001
Figure imgf000322_0001
Figure imgf000323_0001
Figure imgf000324_0001
Figure imgf000325_0001
Figure imgf000326_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutically carriers and/or adjuvants.
14. A method of treating chronic inflammation, allergies, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, graft versus host disease, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, sepsis, autoimmune myocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus, comprising administering to a patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein the treatment is for rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
16. The method according to claim 14 wherein the treatment is for rheumatoid arthritis.
17. The method according to claim 15 wherein the treatment is for multiple sclerosis.
18. A process of making a compound of the formula (I):
Figure imgf000327_0001
wherein Ar1, Ar2, R3 and R2 are as defined in claims 1-10 for formula (I) above;
comprising:
i) reacting a compound of the formula (II) (wherein Xi and X2 are each independently a halogen chosen from Br and I) with compound of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) to provide a compound of the formula (IV):
Figure imgf000327_0002
wherein the reaction is performed in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP; with a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, KOH; at a temperature range of 20-1000C, preferably, most preferably about 8O0C; ii) carboxylating IV with a suitable reagent such as Grignard reagent R-MgCl with CO2 in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF, MTBE, Et2O, DME or dioxane, wherein R is chosen from isopropyl, w-butyl, sec-butyl and cyclohexyl, preferably isopropyl; wherein the reaction is performed at a temperature range of -70 to 3O0C , most preferably about -2O0C;
Figure imgf000328_0001
IV V iii) reacting (V) with an activating agent such as propylphosphonic anhydride or CDI (iV,iV-carbonyldiimidazole), (preferably propylphosphonic anhydride), and an amine of the formula (VI) in the presence of an amine base such as iV-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, or diisopropylethylamine, in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as DMF, or NMP, DMAC, DMPU to provide (I), and subsequently isolating (I),
Figure imgf000328_0002
19. A process of making a compound of the formula (Via):
Figure imgf000328_0003
Via in the form of a salt, preferably an HCl salt, comprising i) reacting the compound (VII) with NaS-R wherein R is chosen from Cl-IO alkyl and aryl, in the presence of a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 1000C, preferably 550C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
Figure imgf000329_0001
VII VIII . ii) reacting compound VIII with NaBH4 in the presence of an acid such as TFA (trifluoroacetic acid), chlorotrimethylsilane, zinc bromide, and sulfuric acid, preferably TFA and zinc bromide, in a polar solvent, preferably an ether based solvent, more preferably chosen from THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and 1,2- dimethoxyethane, most preferably THF, at 0-400C, preferably 20-250C, and subsequently adding a protecting group, such as BoC2O (tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride) or acetic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride, preferably BoC2O, to provide the protected amine IX:
Figure imgf000329_0002
VIII IX iii) removing the protecting group (PG) with an acid such as HCl or TFA, preferably HCl, in a polar solvent, such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n- butanol, preferably isopropanol, at 20 to 8O0C, preferably 650C, to provide the desired compound of formula Via:
Figure imgf000330_0001
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