WO2010026108A2 - Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010026108A2 WO2010026108A2 PCT/EP2009/061142 EP2009061142W WO2010026108A2 WO 2010026108 A2 WO2010026108 A2 WO 2010026108A2 EP 2009061142 W EP2009061142 W EP 2009061142W WO 2010026108 A2 WO2010026108 A2 WO 2010026108A2
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- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- downlink
- transmission mode
- mobile terminal
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
Definitions
- W-CDMA Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access
- 3GPP 3 rd -Generation Partnership Project
- High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) functionality was added in Releases 5 and 6 of the 3GPP specifications.
- HSPA through its downlink component (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access, or HSDPA), can provide packet- switched connections to several simultaneously active users.
- Release 5 of HSPA using QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes, offered downlink data rates of 1 .8-14.4 megabits/second.
- MIMO Multiple-lnput/Multiple-Output
- 64-QAM modulation scheme allowing peak rates up to 42 megabits/second.
- HSDPA downlink data is generally transmitted from a single cell, although it may involve transmission from multiple antennas when MIMO is employed.
- HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
- a mobile terminal is served by a single serving cell, and control signaling is provided over a single radio link. With favorable signaling and loading conditions, interference from neighboring cells is not a major impediment.
- Methods and apparatus are disclosed for adaptively transmitting data in a wireless communication network.
- channel conditions between a mobile terminal and two or more base stations in an active set are evaluated, and used to select a transmission mode from a set of available downlink transmission modes.
- This set includes a non-interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode as well as at least one of a multi- cell single-frequency-network transmission mode and an interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode.
- higher cell-edge throughputs in HSDPA systems may be achieved.
- Network resources may thus be used with more flexibility and more efficiency at all times, providing the user with the best feasible service for a given geographical location under a variety of network load and channel conditions.
- a serving cell base station or other network node adapts the transmission mode used to transmit user data packets to mobile terminals located near the serving cell boundary, i.e., at locations where inter-cell interference is significant.
- a transmission mode controller selects the optimal transmission mode for the current system conditions. Accordingly, an exemplary method according to some embodiments of the invention comprises evaluating channel conditions between a mobile terminal and two or more base stations in an active set and selecting, based on the channel conditions, a transmission mode from a set of available downlink transmission modes.
- the set of available transmission includes a non-interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode, in which only the serving cell transmits downlink user data to the mobile terminal, as in conventional HSPA systems, without inter-cell coordination between the serving cell and other cells in the active set.
- the set of available transmission modes further includes at least one of a multi-cell single-frequency- network transmission mode, in which two or more cells in the active set simultaneously transmit the data to the mobile terminal using the same scrambling code, and an interference- coordinated point-to-point transmission mode, or "round-robin" mode, in which downlink data is transmitted to the mobile terminal only from the serving cell, in scheduled transmission intervals during which neighbor cells in the active refrain from transmitting any downlink HSDPA traffic at all.
- selecting a transmission mode may comprise selecting the available transmission mode having the highest estimated downlink data rate or highest achievable downlink data rate.
- evaluation of the channel conditions may be performed indirectly, by successively testing two or more of the available downlink transmission modes to determine corresponding achievable data throughputs.
- selecting the preferred transmission mode may comprise simply selecting the tested downlink transmission mode yielding the highest achievable data throughput.
- the selection of a transmission mode may be further based on a downlink data throughput requirement for the mobile terminal, current downlink loading information for one or more of the two or more base stations, or both.
- other criteria may be evaluated and used in the selecting a transmission mode; these other criteria might include, for example, channel conditions, achievable data rates, or both, for one or more additional mobile terminals served by base stations in the active set.
- Figure 4 illustrates an interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode, according to some embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 5 illustrates a radio network controller modified according to some embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating functional elements of a mobile terminal according to some embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 7 is a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method of adaptively transmitting data in a wireless communication network.
- Figure 8 is another process flow diagram illustrating details of an exemplary method for selecting a transmission mode.
- Figure 9 is a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method according to the invention for selecting a downlink transmission mode at a mobile terminal.
- Figure 10 plots the estimated SIR for each of several transmission modes versus non- HSDPA carrier loading, for an exemplary network configuration.
- Figure 1 presents a simplified view of a portion of a Wideband-CDMA/High-Speed Packet Access (W-CDMA/HSPA) system 100, including a base station 1 10 modified to include a transmission mode controller 160.
- transmission mode controller 160 is operative in some embodiments of the invention to select a "best" or preferred downlink transmission mode from a set of available modes, based on channel conditions, carrier loading, and the like.
- a mobile terminal 140 is in communication with serving base station 1 10, as well as with neighbor cell base stations 120 and 130. All of the three pictured cells, linked together by radio network controller (RNC) 150, belong to the mobile terminal's active set, and each of the base stations sends transmit power control (TPC) commands to mobile terminal 140 for controlling the mobile terminal's transmitter power.
- Base station 1 10 is the serving cell for HSPA service; the serving cell is generally the one that is most "visible" to the mobile station, i.e., the base station able to provide the strongest signal, or the signal with the best signal quality, to the served terminal.
- serving base station 1 10 transmits downlink data packets received from RNC 150 to mobile terminal 140 and receives channel quality reports (channel quality indicators, or CQI) from mobile terminal 140, for use in determining which modulation and coding scheme should be used.
- the serving cell is responsible for the radio resource control (RRC) to and from the mobile terminal 140, sending signaling information via control channels defined by 3GPP's HSPA specifications.
- RRC radio resource control
- SHO soft-handoff
- SIR post-demodulation signal-to-interference ratio
- SFN single-frequency- network
- MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
- the SHO approach is not attractive as a means to extend high-rate coverage in HSDPA, since the presence of several mutually non-orthogonal scrambling codes creates an irreducible interference floor that limits the achievable signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) even in ideal conditions.
- SIR signal-to-interference ratio
- the SFN approach i.e. transmitting from several cells using the same scrambling code, is also problematic for use in improved HSDPA systems. If the single common scrambling code is used for simultaneous transmissions in several neighboring cells, an effectively larger cell is created, limiting the number of users that may be handled by the network and complicating network planning. If a common scrambling code for HSDPA is used in parallel with other "regular" codes, then similar interference problems occur as in the SHO scenario.
- the serving cell can adapt the transmission mode used for downlink packets targeted to a particular mobile terminal, such as a mobile terminal located close to the cell edge, where inter-cell interference can be significant.
- transmission-mode controller 160 can thus select a transmission mode from several available modes, based on the channel conditions between the mobile terminal 140 and each of several different cells in the mobile terminal's active set.
- the transmission mode can thus be dynamically adapted to channel conditions and network loading conditions, improving downlink packet service for mobile terminals in less-than-ideal signal environments while allowing overall network performance to be maintained at high levels.
- a conventional point-to-point transmission mode is selected by the network transmission-mode controller 160.
- user downlink data destined for mobile terminal 140 is forwarded only to the serving cell base station 1 10 for HSDPA transmission to the target mobile station.
- user downlink data is scheduled by transmission-mode controller 160 for transmission during a particular set of transmission-time intervals (TTIs), and forwarded, along with the scheduling information, to each of two or more cells in the active set.
- TTIs transmission-time intervals
- downlink user data, scheduling information e.g., specifying applicable TTIs
- information identifying a common scrambling code to be used are forwarded from serving base station 1 10 to neighbor cell base stations 120 and 130.
- the downlink user data is then transmitted simultaneously by the three base stations, during the scheduled intervals, with the same scrambling code.
- Mobile terminal 140 thus coherently receives and decodes the data in a single-frequency-network fashion, achieving a significant power gain compared to the point-to- point mode.
- the set of available transmission modes may include an interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode, or a "round-robin" mode.
- user downlink data is transmitted only from the serving cell base station during a set of scheduled transmission intervals.
- downlink HSDPA transmissions by one or more neighbor cell base stations are temporarily halted, thus reducing the interference level at the target mobile terminal.
- RNC 150 forwards downlink user data and to the serving cell base station 1 10 for transmission to target mobile 140.
- user data is thus transmitted to mobile terminal 140 in TTIs ⁇ l , ⁇ 2 , etc., in a point-to-point fashion.
- transmission-mode controller 160 first forwards silence-scheduling information to neighbor base stations 120, and 130, the silence- scheduling information indicating intervals during which no downlink user data should be scheduled by the other base stations. Accordingly, neighbor base stations 120 and 130 continue to provide their respective served mobile terminals 270 with HSDPA service, but are silent during the prescribed silent intervals. Because of this inter-cell interference coordination, mobile terminal 140 thus receives the targeted transmission with a higher SIR than it otherwise would.
- transmission-mode controller 160 is implemented as part of the serving base station, is consistent with the recent trend in cellular network design to push more control functionality into the network nodes closest to the air interface, thus allowing more rapid response to changing signal conditions, loading conditions, and the like.
- functionality of transmission-mode controller 160 may alternatively be implemented at another fixed node in the wireless system, such as a radio network controller.
- RNC 510 modified according to the present invention is pictured in Figure 5.
- transmission-mode controller 520 then forwards a transmission-mode identifier, scheduling information (e.g., specifying the applicable intervals for single-frequency- network operation or for interference-coordinated point-to-point operation), and downlink data to the serving base station and one or more neighbor cells in the mobile terminals active set.
- scheduling information e.g., specifying the applicable intervals for single-frequency- network operation or for interference-coordinated point-to-point operation
- exemplary mobile terminal 600 includes antenna 640, conventional radio transceiver 610, and conventional baseband signal processing unit 620.
- Transmission-mode selector 630 receives channel measurement data from baseband signal processing unit 620, and uses the channel measurement data to select a preferred transmission mode.
- the channel measurement data might include, for instance, signal strength information for the serving cell and one or more neighbor cells. If the signal from the serving cell is significantly stronger than the signals received from the neighbors, then an "ordinary" point-to- point mode is likely preferred, without interference coordination. On the other hand, if the signal from the serving cell is relatively weak, and signals from neighbor cells are received at comparable strengths, then a single-frequency-network transmission mode or a round-robin transmission mode may be preferred. As will be discussed in more detail below, transmission- mode selector 630 (as well as the transmission-mode controllers 160 and 520 described above) may in some embodiments estimate an expected signal-to-interference ratio for each of the available modes, based on the channel quality data, and select the preferred transmission mode based on those estimated SIRs.
- Figure 7 provides a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary general method for adaptively transmitting data in a wireless communication network.
- a fixed network node such as the serving cell base station or a radio network controller.
- a target mobile station is generally connected to a serving cell and monitors neighboring cells.
- the mobile terminal adds these cells to the active set, i.e., is in soft handover with these cells. It listens and decodes power control commands from each of the cell in the active set and controls its transmitter output power accordingly.
- these operations are according to conventional W-CDMA/HSPA techniques.
- the terminal also measures the channel conditions for each of the cells in the active set, using any of a variety of known techniques.
- a channel quality indicator (CQI) or other channel quality report is transmitted on a regular basis to the network, via the serving cell.
- CQI channel quality indicator
- a transmission-mode controller evaluates the CQI reports and chooses a downlink transmission mode for supporting the target mobile terminal.
- the set of available transmission modes may include two or more alternatives, such as: an "ordinary" transmission mode, which as discussed above may be considered a non-interference-coordinated point-to-point-mode; a "unicast,” or multi-cell single- frequency-network transmission mode; and a "round-robin,” or interference-coordinated point-to- point transmission mode.
- downlink user data is transmitted according to the conventional approach, as shown at block 730.
- the serving cell transmits data to the mobile terminal independently of the downlink transmissions by neighboring cells to other mobile terminals.
- the downlink transmission at block 730 continues for as long as the data session is ongoing, or until a transmission mode reconfiguration is triggered (not shown), which may result, for example, from the expiry of a timer or from a significant change in signal conditions or network loading conditions.
- the transmission-mode controller instead selects the single-frequency-network transmission mode, the RNC (or RNCs) controlling the cells in the active set is informed. Then, once the RNC receives data destined to the mobile terminal, the RNC feeds the downlink user data forward not only to the serving cell, but also to the other cells in the active set, as shown at block 740.
- the RNC also provides scheduling information, informing the cells of which time transmission intervals should be used for transmitting the downlink data.
- the data is then simultaneously transmitted, as shown at block 750, using the same scrambling code for all cells in the active set.
- the information about which scrambling code to use may be provided in advance (e.g., at connection setup), in which case one or more bits in the control signaling (e.g., via the High-Speed Shared Control Channel, or HS-SCCH) may be used to inform the mobile terminal of which scrambling code, from a pre-determined set, to use.
- the scrambling code is indicated as a message within the HS-SCCH transmitted along with the downlink user data transmission.
- retransmissions of unsuccessfully decoded data packets are transmitted by only the serving cell, during time instances other than those scheduled for the simultaneous unicast transmission.
- the other cells in the active set only transmit the initial transmission of the downlink user data.
- the RNC (or RNCs) controlling the cells in the active set is informed. Then, once the RNC receives data destined for the mobile terminal, the RNC feeds the downlink user data forward to the serving cell, as shown at block 760. The RNC also informs the serving cell of which time intervals to use for transmitting the downlink user data. The RNC also instructs the other cells in the active set to not schedule any downlink packets to any mobile terminals during the scheduled intervals. This may take the form of "silent-interval" scheduling information, as shown at block 770.
- the serving cell is the only cell in the mobile terminal's active set that is transmitting the downlink traffic channel (HS-PDSCH) to any mobile terminal, as shown at block 780.
- HS-PDSCH downlink traffic channel
- these may be transmitted from the serving cell during one or more of the scheduled time intervals, since no additional inter-cell coordination is needed.
- the interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode may continue for as long as the data session is ongoing or until a transmission mode reconfiguration is triggered.
- the selection of which transmission mode to use at any given time is generally performed so that better cell edge throughput and/or system capacity is achieved.
- the selection of the preferred transmission mode is based on channel quality measurements taken by the mobile station.
- a serving cell or RNC selects the transmission mode based on estimated SIRs for each of the transmission modes and/or an expected achievable data rate for each mode, where the estimated SIRs and/or achievable data rates are derived at least indirectly from channel quality reports received from the mobile terminal.
- a "trial-and-error" approach may be used instead, where evaluation of the channel conditions between the mobile terminal and the base stations in the active set is performed indirectly, by successively testing two or more of the available downlink transmission modes to determine corresponding achievable data throughputs.
- selecting the preferred transmission mode may comprise simply selecting the tested downlink transmission mode yielding the highest achievable data throughput.
- the target mobile terminal is the only HSDPA user in its cell.
- the transmission-mode controller After receiving the channel quality reports for the serving and neighbor cells in the active set, as shown at block 810 of Figure 8, the transmission-mode controller estimates the post- detection signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) corresponding to each of the available transmission modes, as shown at block 820.
- SIR post- detection signal-to-interference ratio
- the achievable SIR values may be computed as follows:
- 5/R 4 , 57/? B , and SIR C are the estimated post-detection SIRs for the ordinary point-to-point HSDPA transmission mode, the multi-cell single-frequency-network transmission mode, and the interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode, respectively.
- the quantities measured under a specific transmission mode may be converted to a form that allows evaluating the SIR values that would be reached under other transmission modes.
- the reported I k values already reflect the interference suppression capability of the UE receiver.
- the I k values may be reported prior to suppression.
- additional information may be provided to the transmission-mode controller indicating the interference- suppression capabilities of the target mobile terminal, such as an indication that the mobile terminal has an advanced G-Rake receiver that can remove a designated fraction of the strongest neighbor cell interference.
- an achievable data rate for each transmission mode may be estimated, based on the estimated SIRs, as shown at block 830.
- achievable data rates corresponding to the derived SIR values may be retrieved from a pre-computed lookup table indexed by the transmission mode and the SIR values.
- the transmission mode with the highest SIR or available rate is then selected, as shown at block 840, and signaled to the mobile terminal and other participating nodes in the fixed side of the wireless network.
- a transmission-mode selector in the mobile terminal may be configured to select a preferred transmission mode. This was illustrated with the mobile terminal 600 illustrated in Figure 6, which includes a transmission-mode selector 630. Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary method for selecting a transmission mode that might be implemented with such a mobile terminal.
- the mobile terminal begins by estimating channel quality for the serving cell and neighbor cells in the active set, as shown at block 910. As before, this channel quality estimation process may be as simple as measuring received signal power, in some embodiments.
- the transmission-mode selector uses the estimated channel quality corresponding to each of the cells in the active set to estimate a downlink SIR for each of the available transmission modes, as shown at block 920.
- carrier loading information may be available to the mobile terminal's transmission-mode selector, in which case the calculation of the SIR may use the equations discussed above. In other embodiments, however, accurate carrier loading information may not be available to the mobile terminal.
- simplified versions of Equations (1 ) - (3) might be used instead. For instance, the equations discussed above, or equivalents thereof, may be modified to include nominal carrier loading factors, rather than reported loading factors based on current conditions.
- the mobile terminal's transmission-mode selector selects the transmission mode that best suits its needs, as shown at 930, and sends an indicator of the preferred transmission mode to the serving base station, as shown at 940.
- the selection may be based directly on the SIRs, or based on an estimated achievable data rate for each of the transmission modes.
- the plot in Figure 10 shows the resulting post-demodulation symbol SIR values for the different transmission modes, where the carrier loading, i.e., the fraction of the power allocated to channels other than HS-PDSCH, plotted on the x-axis, is assumed to be identical for all 4 base stations. For any given value of carrier loading, the plot of Figure 10 thus indicates which of the three transmission modes yields the highest SIR. In the example scenario pictured in the plot, "Mode A,” which is the conventional point- to-point transmission mode, without interference coordination, always provides the lowest SIR.
- the carrier loading i.e., the fraction of the power allocated to channels other than HS-PDSCH, plotted on the x-axis
- a scheduling entity in the network may have access to the loading and HSDPA utilization information, these and other similar aspects may be accounted for in choosing among the transmission modes.
- the transmission-mode controller may evaluate the available rates for a number of users in different cells for different transmission modes and choose the transmission mode that maximizes the total throughput.
- the skilled practitioner will appreciate the broad range of network utilization parameters and configurations that a scheduler may consider in various embodiments of the present invention.
- a higher cell-edge throughput in HSDPA systems may be achieved. This in turn enhances the user experience significantly, by eliminating or mitigating "grey spots" on a network operator's high-speed wireless data coverage map.
- network resources may be used more efficiently at all times, providing the user with the best possible service for a given geographical location under a variety of network load and channel conditions.
- wireless receivers configured for processing various types of signals, including, but not limited to, communication signals formatted according to standards for Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), or cdma2000.
- W-CDMA Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access
- Compatible receivers according to embodiments of the present invention may employ G-RAKE processing, chip equalization, digital processing techniques, successive interference cancellation techniques, interference projection techniques, or the like.
- transmission-mode controllers 160 and 520, or transmission-mode selector 630 may comprise hardware, software, or any combination thereof.
- these elements may comprise at least one special- or general-purpose microprocessor circuit (to include DSP-type processors), configured with appropriate software and/or firmware to carry out one or more of the methods and techniques described herein.
- the above-described functions of the transmission-mode controller 160 or 520, or transmission-mode selector 630 may be obtained by, for example, provisioning a memory/storage device of the serving cell base station, radio network controller, or mobile terminal, as appropriate, with a computer program comprising program instructions corresponding to the one or more of the described processing flows or variants thereof.
- a computer program comprising program instructions corresponding to the one or more of the described processing flows or variants thereof.
- the various functions of the transmission-mode controllers and transmission-mode selectors described herein may be split between two or more processing units, in some embodiments. Indeed, in some embodiments these functions may even be split between two or more distinct nodes of a wireless communications network, such as between a base station and a radio network controller.
- the teachings of the present disclosure thus provide techniques and corresponding devices for adaptively transmitting data in a wireless communication network.
- channel conditions between a mobile terminal and two or more base stations in an active set are evaluated, and used to select a transmission from a set of available downlink transmission modes.
- This set includes a non-interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode as well as at least one of a multi-cell single-frequency-network transmission mode and an interference-coordinated point-to-point transmission mode.
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CN200980135116.3A CN102144366B (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2009-08-28 | Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system |
CA2735771A CA2735771C (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2009-08-28 | Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system |
EP09782340.5A EP2332278B1 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2009-08-28 | Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system |
JP2011525513A JP5631315B2 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2009-08-28 | Method and apparatus for improving data throughput at a cell boundary in a wireless communication system |
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US12/204,040 US8208936B2 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2008-09-04 | Methods and apparatus for improving cell-edge data throughput in a wireless communications system |
US12/204,040 | 2008-09-04 |
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CN102144366B (en) | 2015-05-20 |
CN102144366A (en) | 2011-08-03 |
EP2332278B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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JP2012502531A (en) | 2012-01-26 |
CA2735771C (en) | 2017-06-06 |
WO2010026108A3 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
US8208936B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
CA2735771A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
US20100056170A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JP5631315B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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