WO2010020170A1 - 刨床 - Google Patents

刨床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010020170A1
WO2010020170A1 PCT/CN2009/073312 CN2009073312W WO2010020170A1 WO 2010020170 A1 WO2010020170 A1 WO 2010020170A1 CN 2009073312 W CN2009073312 W CN 2009073312W WO 2010020170 A1 WO2010020170 A1 WO 2010020170A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pivot
tool holder
holder assembly
planer
support arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2009/073312
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
格哈德·格雷厄姆
索默·哈利
布朗·沃伦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd filed Critical Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
Publication of WO2010020170A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010020170A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27CPLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C1/00Machines for producing flat surfaces, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
    • B27C1/14Other details or accessories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a woodworking machine, and more particularly to a planer that can conveniently adjust the cutting depth of the planer and facilitate repair or replacement of the planer.
  • Planers are often used for surface planing of wood boards.
  • Chinese Laid-Open Patent No. 15 13648 discloses a planer comprising a bracket consisting of a pair of opposite sides, a top and a base, and the components are fastened by threading, four vertically disposed on the bottom.
  • the tool holder assembly is equipped with a motor, a motor driven planer and an input and discharge roller driven by the motor.
  • the tool holder assembly is vertically movably mounted on the support post to effect adjustment of the distance between the tool holder assembly and the base so that workpieces of different thicknesses can be planed.
  • the tool holder assembly together with the base, defines a workpiece hole for the workpiece to pass through.
  • the planing blade is rotatably mounted on the lower portion of the tool holder assembly and adjacent to the workpiece hole.
  • the planer is mounted on the planer shaft by fasteners. To ensure safety, the operator is prevented from accidentally placing the hand close to the planer.
  • the planer is also provided with a cover shield, and the cover is detachably mounted on the tool holder assembly by screws for convenient maintenance or replacement of the planer.
  • the cover Since the cover is fixed to the tool holder assembly by means of screws, the tool must be used to remove the cover when repair or replacement of the blade is required, and the replacement or repair of the blade must also use a dedicated tool, due to the tool holder assembly and the top
  • the small space between them makes the operation very inconvenient.
  • the tool holder assembly and the head space are small, and a pair of opposite sides are provided on both sides, the light in the operation space is made dark, and the operator can easily replace or repair the planer in this case, which is easily injured by the blade, so Quite dangerous.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a planer that can be used to repair or replace a planer easily and safely.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a planer that can easily and accurately adjust the depth of planing.
  • a planer comprising: a base, a guide rod coupled to the base, and a knife holder assembly movable along the guide rod, wherein the knife
  • the frame assembly includes a motor and a planer driven by the motor, and the tool holder assembly and the base are disposed between the frame A connecting device supporting the tool holder assembly, the tool holder assembly being pivotally coupled to the connecting device.
  • the connecting device comprises a first supporting arm, the first supporting arm and the tool holder assembly are pivotally connected by a first pivotal movement, and the first supporting arm and the base are fixed by a second pivot Pivot.
  • the connecting device further includes a second supporting arm, the second supporting arm and the tool post assembly being pivotally connected by a fourth pivotal movement, the second supporting arm and the base being fixedly pivoted by a third pivot .
  • the second pivot is disposed coaxially with the third pivot.
  • the connecting device further comprises a support post mated with the base, the support post for connecting the second pivot and the third pivot.
  • the tool holder assembly and the support column, and the first support arm and the second support arm form a four-dry mechanism.
  • the four-bar linkage mechanism is a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, wherein a distance between the first pivot shaft and the second pivot shaft and the third pivot shaft and the fourth pivot shaft The distance between the two shafts is equal; the distance between the first pivot shaft and the fourth pivot shaft is equal to the distance between the second pivot shaft and the third pivot shaft.
  • a line connecting the two pivot shafts on the tool holder assembly is parallel to a line between the two pivot shafts on the support column.
  • a line connecting the two pivot shafts on the support column has an angle ⁇ with the base, and a line between the two pivot shafts on the tool holder assembly and the base has a constant angle ⁇ .
  • a line between the two pivot shafts on the support post is disposed in parallel with the base, and a line between the two pivot shafts on the tool post assembly is parallel to the base.
  • the tool holder assembly is detachably pivotally coupled to the second support arm with a locking mechanism therebetween.
  • the second support arm is detachably pivotally coupled to the support post.
  • the tool holder assembly has a lower bottom surface with a planer and an opposite upper top surface, the tool holder assembly being movable between two states about the first pivot, in the first state, the upper top surface The distance from the base is greater than the distance between the lower bottom surface and the base; in the second state, the distance between the upper top surface and the base is smaller than the distance between the lower bottom surface and the base.
  • a locking mechanism is provided between the tool holder assembly and the second support arm, and the locking
  • the mechanism includes a bearing mounted on the tool holder assembly, a handle pivotally disposed on the second support arm, a locking bar extending in a longitudinal direction, and a connecting rod for connecting the handle and the locking bar.
  • the locking bar can be slid along its longitudinal axis and has two positions, in which the locking bar is in close contact with the bearing, the tool holder assembly and the The second support arm is rotationally mated; in the second position, the locking bar is disengaged from the bearing, and the tool post assembly is disengaged from the second support arm, the tool post assembly Rotatable about the first pivot.
  • the planer further includes a switch disposed on the tool holder assembly and a safety locking device disposed between the tool holder assembly and the second support arm.
  • the safety locking device comprises a socket disposed on the tool holder assembly and a power cord disposed on the second support arm, wherein the socket is connected in series with the switch by a wire, and one end of the power cable is provided with The plug to which the socket is mated. The plug is disengaged from the socket when the tool holder assembly is rotated about the first pivot.
  • the guide rod is pivotally disposed on the base, and the first pivot is movably disposed on the guide rod.
  • a lifting structure is arranged between the guiding rod and the tool holder assembly, and the lifting structure is used for adjusting the height of the tool holder assembly relative to the base.
  • the tool holder assembly and the first support arm and the second support arm form a three-bar linkage mechanism, wherein the tool holder assembly is slidably disposed on the second support arm,
  • the line between the two pivot shafts on the tool holder assembly has a constant angle ⁇ with the base.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: the tool holder assembly is pivotally connected to the connecting device, and when the tool holder assembly is disengaged and cooperates with one of the supporting arms, the tool holder assembly can be surrounded by a The pivot shaft pivots and causes the tool holder assembly to move between the two states.
  • the first state the lower bottom surface of the planer is adjacent to the table, and the planer can plan the workpiece; in the second state, the tool holder assembly is inverted relative to the base, with the lower bottom surface of the planer being away from the table so that the planer is completely exposed.
  • the operator has a large operating space when repairing or replacing the blade, which makes it very convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer.
  • the tool holder assembly and the support column, and the first and second support arms constitute a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, and one of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanisms is movably disposed on the guide bar. In this way, the operator can adjust the depth of the planing easily and accurately.
  • the tool holder assembly and the first and second support arms form a three-bar linkage mechanism, and one of the three link mechanisms is movably disposed on the guide rod, so that the operator can conveniently and accurately Adjust the depth of the planing.
  • the tool holder assembly is slidably disposed on the second support arm such that the line between the two pivot axes on the tool holder assembly can have a constant angle with the base such that the plane of the planer is always parallel to The base ensures the quality of the planing.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a trajectory diagram of the height of the planer adjustment tool holder assembly relative to the base of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective exploded view of the planer assembly of the planer of the present invention, wherein the small blades are enlarged for illustration.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the lifting mechanism of the planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the planer tool holder assembly of the present invention in a lowest position.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of the planer tool holder assembly of the present invention in the highest position.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the locking mechanism of the present invention with a portion of the second support arm removed, with the locking mechanism in the locked position.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of the portion of the second support arm with the locking mechanism removed in the planer of the present invention, with the locking mechanism in the unlocked position.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of the planer of the present invention with the plug removed from the socket.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the planer of the present invention with the tool holder assembly being rotatable about a first pivot.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of the planer of the present invention with the tool holder assembly turned over.
  • Figure 13 is an exploded perspective view of the planing depth indicating device of the planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of the synchronous transmission mechanism of the planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded perspective view of the gear transmission of the planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of the gear shifting gear of the planer of the present invention, in which the shifting handle is adjusted to the high gear.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of the gear shifting gear of the planer of the present invention, in which the shifting handle is adjusted to the low gear.
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view showing the state in which the planer of the present invention is clean.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view of the transfer device transporting the workpiece in the planer of the present invention, with the second guide wheel in the operating position.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a coupling device in a planer of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view of still another embodiment of the connecting device in the planer of the present invention.
  • Switch assembly 111 Motor housing 112. Motor shaft
  • Workpiece feed unit 131 Feed roller 132. Discharge roller
  • Overload protection switch 143 First mounting hole 144. Second mounting ⁇ L
  • Dust collecting device 16 The Dust collecting device 161.
  • Protective cover 1611 Main part
  • First planetary gear set 2411 First planetary gear set 2411 . Planetary gear 242. First internal gear set
  • Second planet carrier 254 second sun gear 26.
  • Second planetary gear set 2611 Second planetary gear set 2611 . Planetary gear 262. Third internal gear set
  • Second toggle lever 286 Positioning member 287. First positioning slot
  • Second pin 291. Second pin 292. First contact surface 293. Second contact surface
  • Main body 332 Main body 332.
  • Rear support arm 333 Upper end
  • Gearbox 531 First housing 532. Second housing
  • Main part 100 Planer 101. Upper top surface
  • the planer 100 includes a seat 1, a guide bar 2 mated with the base 1, and a tool holder assembly 10 equipped with a planer assembly 12 (shown in FIG. 2), wherein the tool holder assembly 10 It can move up and down along the guide bar 2.
  • the base 1 has a front side 3 adjacent to the operator and a rear side 4 remote from the operator, including a table 5 supporting the workpiece and a pair of support legs 6 disposed on both sides of the table 5, the holder assembly 10 and the support
  • the table 5 of the workpiece defines a workpiece hole 7 through which the workpiece passes.
  • a width limit plate 8 defining a width range of the workpiece is provided on both sides of the table 5, and a guard plate 9 is symmetrically provided on the tool holder assembly 10.
  • the guide rod 2 is provided with a thread which is pivotally disposed on the front side of the base 1.
  • the threaded guide rod 2 has a lower end portion 22 that is engaged with the support leg 6, and an opposite upper end portion 21, wherein the lower end portion 22 is optically threaded, and the pin shaft 23 is coupled to the thread guide.
  • the rod 2 is engaged by the pin 23 with an aperture formed in the support leg 6 such that the threaded guide 2 is pivotable relative to the front and rear sides 3, 4 of the base 1.
  • the tool post assembly 10 includes a bracket 14, and a motor assembly 11 disposed on the bracket 14, a planer assembly 12, a workpiece feeding device 13, a feed anti-back device 15, a dust collecting device 16, and a shifting Gearbox 19 and planing depth indicating device 80.
  • the bottom of the bracket 14 has a tool pocket 141 which includes a horizontally extending slit, the cutter pocket 141 being sized to support the planer assembly 12.
  • a control panel 142 is also provided on the front side of the carriage 14.
  • the bracket 14 is mainly used for supporting the motor assembly 11, the planer assembly 12, the workpiece feeding device 13, the feed anti-backup device 15, and the dust collecting device 16, etc., so that a plurality of mounting holes are provided thereon, which will be described in detail below.
  • the motor assembly 11 is rotatably mounted in the first mounting hole 143 of the bracket 14 by a pair of support bearings, and includes a motor housing 111, a motor (not shown) housed in the motor housing 111, and The motor shaft 112 and the switch assembly 110 to which the motor is fixedly connected.
  • the motor shaft 112 has the first, a second end portion, wherein the first end portion is fixedly coupled to the drive pulley 1 15 5, and the power is transmitted to the driven pulley 1 1 7 on the planer assembly 12 via the belt 16 16 , and the driven pulley 1 17 is fixed to the planer assembly 12 Mating, thereby transferring power from the motor to the planer assembly 12 for planing the workpiece.
  • the switch assembly 1 1 0 includes a switch 1 19 disposed on the control panel 142 and a wire (not shown) that connects the motor to the switch 1 1 9 .
  • the switch 1 19 is disposed on the control panel 142 on the front side of the planer 100 for operator convenience.
  • the control panel 142 is further provided with an overload protection switch 1422 (see FIG. 1).
  • the overload protection switch 1422 automatically cuts off the power, so that the The planer stopped working. In this case, you need to turn off the switch 1 1 9 , then adjust the amount of cutting, and then press the overload protection switch 1422 to reset it.
  • the planer assembly 12 is rotatably mounted within the second mounting aperture 144 of the bracket by a pair of support bearings 122 and is located within the tool pocket 141 and is free to rotate relative to the tool pocket 141.
  • the planer assembly 12 includes a planer 121 that is rotatable about a cutter shaft 123, and a spiral or arcuate seat 124 and a sipe 125 are provided on the periphery of the planer 121.
  • the planer 121 is composed of a plurality of small blades 126 which are mounted on the holder 124 in a predetermined arrangement, and in this embodiment, are arranged in a spiral shape to form spiral teeth.
  • the teeth are spiral, which increases the working area of the planer 12 1 relative to the straight-toothed planer. Moreover, due to the spiral structure, the teeth are gradually cut in when working, thereby greatly reducing the cutting resistance and the knife shake, and reducing the noise during cutting.
  • the sipe 125 is also helical, making chip removal more convenient.
  • the multiple arrangement of the small blades 126 on the holder 124 improves the machining quality and processing efficiency while delaying the wear of the planer 121, thereby extending the life of the planer 121.
  • Each of the small blades 126 is generally square and includes four cutting edges 127 and a mounting portion 128 in which the cutting edges 127 are distributed around the small blades 126 with relatively slight bending to prevent scratching of the planed workpiece.
  • the mounting portion 128 includes a circular mounting hole 129 through which the small blade 126 can be securely mounted to the holder 124.
  • each small blade 126 has four cutting edges 127, and when one of the cutting edges 127 is damaged or used, it can be rotated 90 degrees or 180 degrees or 270 degrees to make it intact.
  • the bad cutting edge 127 works, which is equivalent to replacing the blade three times, which reduces the frequency of blade replacement and prolongs the life cycle of the blade, thereby greatly reducing the cost of use.
  • a coupling device 30 is provided between the tool holder assembly 10 and the base 1, which is used to support the tool holder assembly 10.
  • the connecting device 30 includes a support post 33 fixedly disposed on the rear side of the base 1, and first and second support arms 31, 32 pivotally coupled to the support post 33.
  • the first support arm 31 is not solidly constructed, but has a hollow cavity. In order to increase rigidity, a rib having a triangular configuration is provided therein, and a cover 315 is provided.
  • Each of the first support arms 31 includes a first end 311 and a second end 312, wherein the first end 311 is pivotally coupled to the tool post assembly 10 by a first pivot 41; the second end 312 is passed through a second pivot 42 is fixedly pivoted to the support column 33.
  • the first pivot 41 is movable relative to the base 1; the second pivot 42 is fixed relative to the base 1.
  • the second support arm 32 is not constructed in a solid manner, but has a hollow cavity.
  • a rib (not shown) having a triangular configuration is provided therein.
  • Each of the second support arms 32 includes a first end portion 321 and a second end portion 322, wherein the first end portion 321 is fixedly pivoted to the support post 33 by the third pivot 43; the second end portion 322 passes through the fourth pivot 44 It is pivotally connected to the tool holder assembly 10.
  • the fourth pivot 44 is movable relative to the base 1; the third pivot 43 is fixed relative to the base 1.
  • the support post 33 has a main body 331 fixedly coupled to the base 1, and two rear support arms 332 located on both sides of the main body 331 and higher than the main body 331.
  • Each of the rear support arms 332 has a lower end portion 334 and an opposite upper end portion 333.
  • the first support arm 31 is rotatably disposed around the second pivot 42 at the lower end portion 334 of the rear support arm 332 via a bearing 313.
  • a bearing cover 314 is further disposed on the bearing 313. (See Fig. 1);
  • the second support arm 32 is rotatably disposed around the third pivot 43 at the upper end portion 333 of the rear support arm 332 via a bearing 323.
  • a bearing cap is further provided on the bearing 323. 324 (see Figure 1).
  • a storage area 335 which can be used to store power lines, tools, etc.; also on the rear side of the other rear support arm 332 A storage area (not shown) for holding accessories, tools, tools, and the like; and a storage area 336 for holding accessories, tools, tools, and the like on the rear side of the main body 331.
  • a cover may also be provided on the areas 335, 336.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 and the rear support arm 332, and the first support arm 31 and the second support arm 32 constitute a four-bar linkage mechanism.
  • the four-bar linkage mechanism is a parallel four-link mechanism.
  • the threaded guide 2 is also pivotally moved relative to the front and rear sides 3, 4 of the base 1.
  • the connection between the two pivot axes (the first pivot 41 and the fourth pivot 44) on the tool post assembly 10 and the rear support arm 332 The lines between the two pivot shafts (the second pivot 42 and the third pivot 43) are always kept parallel to each other.
  • the rear support arm 332 is fixedly disposed on the base 1, and the connection between the axis of the second pivot 42 and the axis of the third pivot 43 has a constant angle ⁇ with the base 1, so the tool post assembly
  • the line between the axis of the first pivot 41 and the axis of the fourth pivot 44 on 10 has a constant angle ⁇ with the base 1, that is, the planer 12 1 on the tool holder assembly 10
  • the plane is always parallel to the table 5, thus ensuring the quality of the planing.
  • the connecting device 30 may also include only a first support arm 3 1 (not shown) that pivots with the base 1 via a pivot and tool holder assembly 10, respectively.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is pivotally coupled to the base 1 by the first support arm 3 1 to effect movement of the tool holder assembly 10 up and down along the threaded guide 2.
  • the depth of cut of the workpiece is selected by adjusting the height of the tool holder assembly 10 relative to the base 1. As shown in Fig. 3, the depth of cut in this embodiment is achieved by sliding the first pivot 41 of the parallel four-bar linkage 20 along the upper and lower slides of the threaded guide 2. As shown in Figs. 2 and 5, a lifting structure 50 is provided between the parallel four-bar linkage 20 and the threaded guide rod 2.
  • the lifting structure 50 includes an adjustment nut 51 and an adjustment mechanism 52 that is threadedly engaged with the threaded guide rod 2.
  • the adjustment nut 51 includes upper and lower body portions 511, 512, an intermediate flange 513 between the upper and lower body portions 511, 512, and an inner bore 514 that extends completely through the adjustment nut 51.
  • the inner bore 514 includes a threaded portion for mating with the threaded guide 2.
  • the intermediate flange 513 extends radially outwardly of the upper and lower body portions 511, 512 and includes upper and lower flange surfaces on which a worm gear 515 is disposed, the worm gear of the worm gear 515 being formed at the intermediate flange The outer circumferential surface of 513.
  • the adjusting mechanism 52 includes a worm 521 that cooperates with the adjusting nut 51, a connecting shaft 522 that synchronously drives the worm 521, and a hand wheel 523 that is disposed at the end of the connecting shaft 522.
  • the connecting shaft 522 passes through the third mounting hole 145 provided on the bracket 14 and the elliptical hole 316 (shown in Fig. 2) provided on the first support arm 31.
  • the worms 521 are respectively disposed at two ends of the connecting shaft 522, and each of the worms 521 meshes with the worm wheel 515 on the intermediate flange 513 of the corresponding adjusting nut 51, thereby forming a worm wheel and a worm structure, which makes the adjustment height convenient. It is stable and reliable.
  • the worm gear and the worm structure also have a self-locking function, so the planer does not need to use a specific height locking mechanism.
  • a pivotable rotary handle 524 is provided on the outer circumference of the hand wheel 523. As shown in Figure 1, the rotary handle 524 can be pivoted to the operating position when needed; as shown in Figure 2, the rotary handle 524 can be pivoted to the storage position when adjustment is not required, thus reducing the overall planer 100 Packing volume; also avoids misuse and affects the quality of the planing.
  • the lifting structure 50 is further provided with a gear box 53 for accommodating the adjusting nut 51 and the worm 521 engaged therewith.
  • the gear box 53 includes the first and second housings 531 and 532 which are mated, and the first housing 531 is provided with a receiving hole 533 through which the threaded guide rod 2 passes.
  • the second housing 532 is provided with a through hole 534, and the connecting shaft 522 is rotatably disposed in the through hole 534.
  • the first housing upper portion 531 is provided with a pair of bearings 55. As shown in Fig. 2, the first end portion 311 of the first support arm 31 is coupled to the gear case 53 about the fifth pivot 45 via the bearing 55. In order to reduce the gap and seal, as shown in Fig. 1, a bearing cap 56 is further provided on the bearing 55.
  • a bearing 54 is further disposed on the first housing 531.
  • the bracket 14 of the blade holder assembly 10 is provided with a fourth mounting hole 146 on both sides thereof, and the bearing 54 is received in the fourth mounting hole 146.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 can surround the sixth pivot 41 and the gear case 53 by the cooperation of the bearing 54 and the fourth mounting hole 146. Mating.
  • the sixth pivot 41 and the fifth pivot 45 are disposed coaxially with the first pivot 41.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is pivotally coupled to the first support arm 31 by the gearbox 53.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 can also be flipped about the sixth pivot 46 if desired.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 forms a parallel four-bar linkage 20 through the first and second support arms 3 1 , 32 and the rear support arm 332, the tool holder assembly 10 can be positioned along the threaded guide 2 relative to the base.
  • the lower movement does not move vertically, and the threaded guide 2 also pivots relative to the front and rear sides 3, 4 of the base 1.
  • the solid line indicates the position where the guide bar, the connecting device and the planing tool are located when the tool post assembly 10 is at the lowest position; the broken line indicates that after adjusting the position of the tool post assembly 10 relative to the base, the guide bar and the connecting device And the location of the planer.
  • the first and second support arms 31, 32 will rotate clockwise around the second and third pivots 42, 43 (as shown in the figure). 3 in the direction of E), the position after pivoting is shown as the dotted line in the figure; while the threaded guide 2 rotates clockwise around the pivot (as shown by the E direction in Figure 3), the position after pivoting As shown by the dotted line in the figure. Therefore, the movement trajectory of the first pivot 41 is a circular arc line centered on the axis of the second pivot 42 , and the movement trajectory of the fourth pivot 44 is the circle centered on the axis of the third pivot 43 . Arc. As a result, the trajectory of the planer 121 is also a circular arc at a certain point (this specific point is estimated by a certain arithmetic formula and is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described here).
  • the first and second support arms 31, 32 will surround the second, third The pivots 42, 43 rotate counterclockwise (as opposed to the direction E in Figure 3); at the same time the threaded guide 2 rotates counterclockwise about the pivot (as opposed to the direction E in Figure 3).
  • the trajectory of the first pivot 41 is a circular arc line centered on the axis of the second pivot 42.
  • the trajectory of the fourth pivot 44 is a circular arc centered on the axis of the third pivot 43. .
  • the planer 12 1 not only has a displacement in the vertical direction but also a displacement in the horizontal direction.
  • the planer 121 that can move not only up and down but also in the horizontal direction.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is always parallel with the rear support arm 332, as shown in FIG. 3, according to the characteristics of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the two pivot axes on the tool post assembly 10 (the first pivot 41 and the fourth pivot)
  • the connection between the line 44 and the two pivot shafts on the rear support arm 332 are always kept parallel to each other, and the rear support arm 332 is fixedly disposed on the base 1 Therefore, the connection between the axis of the first pivot 41 on the tool post assembly 10 and the axis of the fourth pivot 44 has a constant angle with the base 1, that is, on the tool post assembly 10.
  • the plane of the planer 121 is always parallel to the table 5, thus ensuring the quality of the planing.
  • the threaded guide rod 2 has an upper and lower thread gap between the threads of the inner diameter 5 14 of the adjusting nut 5 1 , if the thread gap between the two slides along the threaded rod 2 up and down in the holder assembly 10 In the process, one will be up and one will be lower, which will cause the planer 12 1 to move up and down during the cutting process, which affects the cutting quality.
  • the planer 121 is prevented from being swayed during the cutting process, and the quality of the cutting is ensured.
  • the main body of the support column 33 and the first support arm 3 are provided.
  • a compression spring is provided between the second end portions 3 12 of 1.
  • One end of the compression spring is received in the accommodating groove 337 symmetrically disposed on the main body 33 1 of the support post 33; the other end of the compression spring is received in the second end portion 13 of the first support arm 31 and is coupled to the support post 33.
  • the inside is provided in a receiving groove (not shown).
  • the compression spring causes the adjusting nut 5 1 to always face in the direction of engagement with the threaded guide 2, so that the thread gap between the threaded guide 2 and the thread of the inner bore 514 of the adjusting nut 5 1 is always maintained in one direction, Thereby, the planer 121 is prevented from being shaken during the cutting process, and the quality of the cutting is ensured.
  • the compression spring also allows the operator to be comfortable during the adjustment of the height. This is because when the operator rotates the rotary handle 524 such that the tool holder assembly 10 slides down the threaded guide rod 2, since the tool holder assembly 10 has a certain amount of gravity, the operator here adjusts the height downward.
  • the spring force of the compression spring also needs to be overcome with the help of gravity; when the operator rotates the rotary handle 524 so that the knife holder assembly 10 slides up along the threaded guide rod 2, due to the action of the compression spring,
  • the operator needs to overcome a certain amount of gravity under the action of the compression spring when adjusting the height upward. Therefore, during the sliding of the tool holder assembly 10 up and down along the threaded guide rod 2, the force exerted by the operator on the rotating handle 524 is relatively balanced, thereby making the operator more comfortable.
  • the worm 521 and the worm wheel 5 15 disposed on the intermediate flange 5 13 can be self-locking with each other. Thereby the relative position of the tool holder assembly 10 relative to the base 1 is ensured without the use of other fixing means. If the height is not required to be adjusted, the rotary handle 524 can be pivoted to the storage position, thereby avoiding inadvertent contact with the rotary handle 524, thereby changing the height of the knife holder assembly 10 relative to the base 1, and also reducing the package size and reducing the size. cost.
  • the depth-of-cut ruler 57 is mounted in a fixed manner on the threaded guide 2 on the right side, and since the threaded guide 2 is not always perpendicular to the base, it is on the tool holder assembly 10, During the lower movement, it will pivot relative to the front and rear sides 3, 4 of the base 1, so the scale on the depth-of-cut scale 57 to indicate the required thickness of the workpiece is not uniform, but varies with a certain regularity. Moreover, due to the pivoting, the depth of cut ruler is longer than the conventional scale, so that the reading can be clearly and accurately marked, thereby making the reading convenient and accurate.
  • the planer 100 is also provided with an indicator 58 that cooperates with a depth-of-cut gauge 57 that is adjustably mounted on the first housing 53 1 of the gearbox 53 and that can be mounted with the gearbox 53 Move down.
  • the indicator 58 is adjustably mounted on the first housing 53 1 by screws (not shown) to facilitate calibration.
  • the middle of the indicator 58 is hollowed out to facilitate viewing of the scale on the depth-of-cut scale 57, and a pointer 59 is provided on the right side of the hollowed out of the indicator 58.
  • the position of the pointer 59 on the depth-of-cut scale 57 indicates the desired thickness of the workpiece.
  • a locking mechanism 60 is disposed between the tool post assembly 10 and the second end portion 322 of the second support arm 32.
  • the locking mechanism 60 includes a bearing 61 mounted on a bracket 14 on the tool post assembly 10, a handle 63 that is rotatably disposed about the pivot 62 on the second support arm 32, along the handle A lock lever 64 extending in the X direction of the longitudinal axis, and a connecting rod 65 disposed between the handle 63 and the lock lever 64.
  • the locking lever 64 By rotating the handle 63, the locking lever 64 can be slid along its longitudinal axis in the X-axis direction and has two positions.
  • the locking lever 64 In the first position, the locking lever 64 is in close contact with the bearing 61, thereby
  • the tool post assembly 10 is rotatably mated with the second support arm 32, and due to the use of the bearing 61, the second support arm 32 can be opposed to the upper and lower movements of the tool post assembly 10 along the threaded guide rod 2
  • the tool holder assembly 10 pivots to avoid jamming between the two; in the second position, the locking bar 64 disengages from the bearing 61, thereby disengaging the tool holder assembly 10 from the second support arm 32.
  • the connecting rod 65 is used to connect the handle 63 and the locking rod 64, has a fixed length and is made of a curved sheet material, has a first end 65 1 pivotally connected to the handle 63 and is pivotally connected with the locking rod 64 The second end 652.
  • the tool post assembly 10 is rotatably mated with the second support arm 32, and due to the use of the bearing 61, the second support is facilitated during the movement of the tool post assembly 10 up and down along the threaded guide rod 2.
  • the arm 32 is relative to the tool post assembly 10 Turn, thus avoiding the situation stuck between the two.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is movable between the two states about the first pivot 41 by bearings 54.
  • the carriage 14 of the tool holder assembly 10 has a lower surface on which a planer 121 (not shown) is mounted. 102 and an upper top surface 101 oppositely disposed.
  • the distance between the upper top surface 10 1 and the base 1 is greater than the distance between the lower bottom surface 102 and the base 1 at which time the planer performs the planing of the workpiece; in the second state, as shown in FIG.
  • the top The distance between the face 101 and the base 1 is smaller than the distance between the lower bottom surface 102 and the base 1, so that the planer 121 is completely exposed to the outside, so that the operator has a large operation space when repairing or replacing the blade, so that the operator It is very convenient and safe to repair or replace the planer.
  • a locking mechanism (not shown) is disposed between the second support arm 32 and the rear support arm 332 such that the second support arm 32 can be disengaged from the rear support arm 332, thereby
  • the tool holder assembly 10 can also be turned over about the front side of the planer by a bearing 54 about the first pivot 41.
  • the planer 12 1 can be completely exposed, so that the operator is repairing or replacing the blade. When it has a large operating space, it is very convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer.
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is pivotally coupled to the connecting device 30.
  • the connecting device 30 can also be used in other forms.
  • the safety lock device 70 includes a socket 71 and a power cord 72 that is selectively mated thereto, wherein the socket 71 is disposed in the control panel 142 and is connected in series with the switch 1 19 via a wire (not shown).
  • One end of the power cord 72 is provided with a plug 73 selectively mated to the socket 71, and the other end is provided with a power cord plug (not shown) that is matched with an external power source.
  • the power cord 72 is always mated in the receiving slot provided by the second support arm 32, and the excess power cord 72 can be stored in the storage area 335 of the rear support arm 332.
  • the rotary handle 524 is first pivoted such that the tool holder assembly 10 is along the threaded guide 2 Moving up to the highest position, as shown in Figures 7 and 10, then pivoting the rotary handle 524 to the storage position (which may of course not be stored), and then unplugging the plug 73 from the socket 71; thus, Figure 1
  • the tool holder assembly 10 is free to pivot about the first pivot 41 until the tool holder assembly 10 is turned over to completely expose the planer 12 1 to the outside.
  • it can be stopped and fixed at any position as needed, or the planer can be repaired.
  • the operator has a large operating space when repairing or replacing the planer 12 1 , which makes it convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer 121.
  • the planer 100 also has a planing depth indicating device 80.
  • the planing depth indicating device 80 includes a tool holder assembly 10 that is fixed to the tool holder assembly 10.
  • the indicator seat 81 on the bracket 14 is rotatably coupled to the workpiece contact 83 on the indicator base 81, the link 84 mated to the workpiece contact 83, and the link 84 to the link 84.
  • the rod holder 85 is fixedly pivotally coupled to the bracket 14, and the rod holder 85 is rotatably disposed on the bracket 14 around the pivot 88 via a pin 85 1 .
  • a receiving hole 853 is formed in the rod frame 85.
  • a scale 89 is attached to the scale holder 85, and the dial 89 is engraved with a mark that is fan-shaped and incrementally centered on the pivot 88. The operator can observe the cooperation of the pointer 87 with the dial 89 through the transparent display 89 to read the amount of material to be cut.
  • the width of the mark engraved on the dial 89 becomes narrower as the mark is incremented, because this allows the operator to be reminded that the more the amount of material to be cut, that is, the deeper the depth to be cut, the part to be cut is required.
  • the narrower the width In other words, the wider the workpiece, the less the amount of material that must be removed by the operator each time, that is, the depth to be cut should not be too deep. If the amount of cutting is too large, the planer will be folded.
  • the indicator base 8 1 is fixed to the bracket 14 by screws, which together with the bracket 14 form a fourth mounting hole 146 (shown in Fig. 2).
  • the workpiece contact 83 is rotatably disposed about the substantially horizontal axis 82 on the indicator housing 8 1 which is made of a curved sheet material and has an end portion 83 1 for direct contact with the workpiece.
  • the indicator housing 8 1 which is made of a curved sheet material and has an end portion 83 1 for direct contact with the workpiece.
  • two projections 832 are provided, and the projections 832 have receiving holes 833 therein.
  • the connecting rod 84 is composed of two side rods 84 1 and a connecting rod 842 connecting the two side rods 84 1 , and two ends of each side rod 841 are respectively provided with through holes 843 and 844 for respectively receiving the pin shaft 845 , 846.
  • One end of the connecting rod 84 is clamped on the outer side of the scale holder 85 through the side rods 841, and the pin shaft 845 passes through the through holes 843 on the side rods 841 and the receiving holes 853 on the scale holder 85 at the same time, so that one end of the connecting rod 84
  • the pin holder 845 is pivotally coupled to the scale holder 85.
  • the other end of the connecting rod 84 passes through the through hole 8 1 1 on the indicator base 8 1 and is interposed between the two protrusions 832 through the side rods 841, and the pin 846 passes through the through holes on the side rods 841 at the same time.
  • the receiving hole 833 on the 844 and the two projections 832 causes the other end of the link 84 to be coupled to the workpiece contact 83 through the pin 846.
  • the transparent display 86 and the pointer 87 are mounted on the front side of the carriage 14 in a fixed manner.
  • the workpiece When it is necessary to plan the workpiece, the workpiece is first moved from the workpiece hole 7 into the planer 100, and the pair is made.
  • the knife at this time, first rotates the rotary handle 524 to move the tool holder assembly 10 downward along the threaded guide 2, and the pointer 87 is at zero degrees of the scale before the workpiece is in contact with the end portion 83 1 of the workpiece contact 83.
  • the link 84 also drives the scale holder 85 about the pivot.
  • the rotation of 88 causes the dial 89 to be displaced upwardly so that the scale pointed by the pointer 89 is continuously incremented, which represents the amount of material that is removed when the workpiece passes through the workpiece hole 7.
  • the operator can know the depth at which the workpiece will be cut off from the planing depth indicating device 80, thereby alerting the operator to select an appropriate amount of cutting.
  • the operator can also indicate the desired thickness of the workpiece by the position of the pointer 59 on the depth-of-cut scale 57.
  • the dial 89 can be mounted in a fixed manner on the carriage 14, and the pointer 89 can be mounted on the scale holder 85 as well as indicating the depth at which the workpiece is cut.
  • the length of the workpiece contact 83 should be as long as possible so that it can function for the workpiece inserted anywhere along the workpiece hole 7, and if the surface of some of the workpiece is very uneven, the length of the workpiece contact 83 is If it is long enough, the highest point of the unsmooth workpiece can be detected, so that the planer 121 can be protected.
  • the workpiece feed unit 13 includes a feed roller 13 1 and a discharge roller 132.
  • the feed and discharge rollers 13 1 , 132 each include a cylindrical body portion 133 , and a first end 134 and a second end 135 , wherein the body portion 133 is primarily used to transport the workpiece.
  • the feed roller 13 1 is rotatably mounted in the fifth mounting hole 147 of the bracket 14 by bearings 136 provided on the two ends 134, 135, and is located on the front side of the planer 12 1; likewise, the discharge roller 132 passes through both ends
  • the bearing 137 provided on the 134, 135 is rotatably mounted in the sixth mounting hole 148 of the bracket 14 and on the rear side of the planer 121.
  • a compression spring (not shown) is further disposed between the feeding and discharging rollers 13 1 and 132 and the bracket 14 , and the compression spring is mainly used for forcibly feeding in and discharging.
  • the rollers 13 1 , 132 are always in contact with the workpiece.
  • the feed and discharge rollers 13 1, 132 are made equal by the synchronizing transmission 17 and are driven by the cutter shaft 123 through the drive unit 18.
  • the synchronous transmission mechanism 17 employs a sprocket chain transmission mechanism including a first sprocket 17 1 mounted on the driving device 18 via a rotating shaft, and mounted on the feeding roller.
  • the tension sprocket 174 is rotatably mounted on the drive unit 18 via a rotating shaft.
  • the chain 175 is for engaging the first, second, and third sprocket wheels 171, 172, 173 and the tension sprocket 174.
  • the driving device 18 includes a belt transmission mechanism 181 and a gear transmission 19, wherein the belt transmission mechanism 181 includes a first pulley 182 disposed at an end of the cutter shaft 123, and is pivotally disposed on the gear
  • An intermediate shaft 185 (shown in Figure 15) on the gearbox 19, a second pulley 183 disposed on the intermediate shaft, and a belt 184 that engages the first and second pulleys 182, 183.
  • the intermediate shaft 185 has a first end portion 186 and a second end portion 187, the second pulley 182 is disposed at the first end portion 186, and the second end portion 187 is provided with the first gear 188.
  • a gear shifting 19 is provided on one side of the carriage 14 for reducing the rate of rotation of the intermediate shaft 185 and producing two different speeds for driving the synchronizing gear mechanism 17, so that the inlet and outlet rollers 131, 132 can There are two different output speeds. Of course, as is well known to those skilled in the art, a variety of different output speeds can be set as desired.
  • the gear transmission 19 includes a transmission case 191, a two-stage gear reduction system housed in the casing 191, and a three-stage planetary gear set.
  • the transmission housing 191 is composed of a first housing 192 and a second housing 193 which are fixedly connected by screws.
  • the two-stage gear reduction system includes a second gear 194 that meshes with the first gear 188 and a third gear 195 that meshes with the second gear 194.
  • the second gear 194 and the third gear 195 are rotatably mounted on the first housing 192 of the transmission housing via the rotating shafts 196, 197, respectively.
  • the tertiary planetary gear set includes a primary planetary gear 24 for deceleration and secondary planetary gears 25, 26 for shifting.
  • the first stage planetary gear set 24 includes a reduction system consisting of a first planetary gear set 241, a first internal gear set 242, and a first planetary carrier 243, the first planetary gear set 241 including a front end of the bracket disposed on the first planet carrier 243.
  • a first sun gear (not shown) is located at a center of the plurality of first planetary gears 2411 and meshes with the first planetary gears 2411, and the outer peripheral gears and the first internal teeth of the plurality of first planetary gears 2411 The inner teeth are engaged, and the projections 2421 on the first inner ridge 242 are engaged with the grooves (not shown) of the first housing 192 to fix the two, and the first sun gear It is mated with the third gear 195.
  • a second sun gear 254 and a third sun gear 264 protrude from the bracket rear end 2432 of the first planet carrier.
  • the number of teeth of the second sun gear 254 is greater than the number of teeth of the third sun gear 264.
  • the second planetary gear set 25 is composed of a second planetary gear set 251, a second internal tooth 252 and a second planetary carrier 253, and the second planetary gear set 251 includes a plurality of planetary gears 2511 disposed on the bracket of the second carrier 253.
  • the second sun gear 254 is located at the center of the plurality of second planetary gears 2511 and meshes with the second planetary gears 2511, and the outer peripheral gears of the plurality of second planetary gears 2511 mesh with the internal teeth of the second internal gear 252, and the second inner A plurality of bumps 2521 are provided on the outer circumference of the gum 252.
  • the third planetary gear set 26 is composed of a third planetary gear set 261, a third internal tooth 262 and a second planetary carrier 263, and the third planetary gear set 261 includes a plurality of planetary gears 2611 disposed on the bracket of the second planet carrier 263.
  • the third sun gear 264 is located at the center of the plurality of third planetary gears 2611 and meshes with the respective third planetary gears 2611, and the outer peripheral gears of the plurality of third planetary gears 2611 mesh with the internal teeth of the third internal spurs 262, and the third inner portion
  • a plurality of bumps 2621 are provided on the outer circumference of the gum 262.
  • the second planet carrier 253 and the third planet carrier 263 are mated together and have a bracket 27 that is rotatably disposed in the second housing 193 by a pin 271.
  • the first sprocket 171 is fixedly coupled to the pin shaft 271 for transmitting power transmitted from the motor to the input and output rollers 131, 132 through the gear transmission 19.
  • the tension sprocket 174 is fixedly coupled to the fixing plate 1743, and the fixing plate 1743 is disposed on the second housing 193 by the fastening screw 1741 and the torsion spring 1742, and due to the torsion spring 1742 One end is mounted on the fastening screw 1741, and the other end is mounted on the fixing plate 1743.
  • the torsion generated by the torsion spring 1742 is transmitted to the tension sprocket 174 through the fixing plate 1743, so that the tension sprocket 174 is always oriented toward the tensioning chain.
  • the second internal spurs 252 and the third internal spurs 253 are selectively stopped such that the second planetary gear set 25 or the third planetary gear set 26 is selectively in operation.
  • the motor shaft 112 drives the cutter shaft 123 to rotate, so that the planer 121 is used to plan the workpiece; at the same time, the cutter shaft 123 is driven by the belt transmission mechanism 181 and the two-stage gear to drive the first sun gear in the first internal gear 242.
  • the rotation speed outputted by the cutter shaft 123 is decelerated by the two-stage gear and decelerated by the primary planetary gear set 24, and then outputted by the first carrier 243. Since the second planetary gear set 25 or the third planetary gear set 26 is selectively in a deceleration state, the gear transmission 19 provides two types. Different speeds are given to the synchromesh drive mechanism 17, so that the feed and discharge rollers 13 1 , 132 can have two different speeds for conveying the workpiece.
  • the shifting mechanism 28 is used to control the gearbox 19 such that the transmission speeds are at a low speed and a high speed, respectively.
  • the shifting mechanism 28 includes a shifting handle 28 1 , a support member 282 for supporting the shifting handle 28 1 , a positioning member 286 disposed on the support member 282 , and a first mating with the positioning member 286 a second positioning groove 287, 288, a rotating shaft 283 fixedly coupled to the support member 282 and pivotally mounted on the first housing 192 of the transmission, and a second and third internal teeth 252, 262 First and second toggle levers 284, 285.
  • the shifting handle 28 1 is received in the receiving groove 2821 of the support member 282, so that the shifting handle 28 1 and the supporting member 282 are mated together. As shown in Fig. 1, the shifting handle 28 1 passes through the slot 1421 on the control panel 142 to facilitate operator operation. Also marked on the control panel 142 are markers for the high and low speed gears recognized by the operator.
  • the support member 282 is further provided with a receiving groove 2822 for receiving the positioning member 286.
  • the positioning member 286 is a steel ball, and the steel ball 286 can protrude from the receiving groove 2822 without leaving the receiving groove 2822.
  • a spring (not shown) is further disposed in the receiving groove 2822, and the spring is used to compress the steel ball 286 so that the steel ball 286 always faces the outer side of the support member 282, that is, always faces the first and second positions. The direction in which the slots 287, 288 fit.
  • the first and second positioning grooves 287, 288 are disposed on the first housing 192 for mating with the steel ball 286.
  • the first and second toggle levers 284, 285 are pivotally disposed on the rotary shaft 283, which are coupled to each other by the torsion spring 289 and are always maintained at an angle.
  • the first shaft and the second pin 290 and 291 are fixedly disposed on the rotating shaft 283.
  • the first sliding rod 284 is provided with a groove 294 formed by the first and second contact surfaces 292 and 293 and a bottom surface.
  • the first pin The sub-290 is slidable in the recess 294 and is selectively in contact with the first and second contact faces 292, 293 when the first pin 290 follows the pivot 283 for clockwise rotation (as in the F direction of Figure 15).
  • the first pin 290 is in contact with the first contact surface 292, so that the rotating shaft 283 can drive the first toggle lever 284 to rotate clockwise; when the first pin 290 rotates counterclockwise with the rotating shaft (as shown in FIG. 15) In the opposite direction indicated by the F direction), the first pin 290 is in contact with the second contact surface 293, so that the rotating shaft 283 is
  • the first toggle lever 284 can be driven to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the second toggle lever 285 is provided with a recess 297 formed by the first and second contact faces 295, 296 and a bottom surface.
  • the second pin 292 can slide in the recess 297, and optionally The first and second contact faces 295, 296 are in contact.
  • the second pin 292 rotates clockwise following the rotating shaft 283 (as shown by the F direction in FIG. 15)
  • the second pin 292 is in contact with the first contact surface 295.
  • the second pin 292 is in contact with the second contact
  • the surface 296 is in contact, and the second toggle lever 292 is driven to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the first toggle lever 284 is provided.
  • the first slot 298 is configured to be engaged with the protrusion 2521 on the second internal yoke so that the second internal spur 252 can be stopped; likewise, the second yoke 285 is provided with a second
  • the card slot 299 is configured to be engaged with the bump 2621 on the third inner ridge 262 such that the third inner dent 262 can be stopped.
  • the shifting handle 28 1 is movably placed in two positions.
  • the steel ball 286 is engaged with the first recess 287 (not shown), at which time the first toggle lever 284
  • the card slot 298 is engaged with the projection 2521 on the second inner spur 252 such that the second inner spur 252 is stopped, so that the second planetary gear set 25 is in a decelerating operation state such that the transmission speed is at a high speed. In this way, the workpiece can be quickly passed through the planer 100.
  • the slot 298 of the second toggle lever 284 and the projection 262 1 of the third internal latch 262 are in the disengaged position.
  • the steel ball 286 is engaged with the second recess 288 (not shown), and the slot 299 of the second toggle lever 285 is at the same time.
  • the projections 2621 on the three internal spurs 262 are engaged such that the third internal spurs 262 are stopped, such that the third planetary gear set 26 is in a decelerating state such that the transmission speed is at a low speed.
  • the workpiece is slowly passed through the planer 100, and the surface of the workpiece is slowly planed and smoothed.
  • the slot 298 of the first toggle lever 284 and the projection 2521 of the second internal pocket 252 are Straight in the disengaged position.
  • the feed anti-backup device 15 has a shaft 15 1 and a plurality of baffles sleeved on the shaft 15 1 152 and a plurality of spacers 153, and the baffles and spacers are mounted on the shaft 15 1 in such a manner that a spacer 153 is provided between each of the two shutters 152.
  • the shaft 15 1 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 14 in parallel with the cutter shaft 123 and on the front side of the feed roller 13 1 .
  • the lower end of the baffle 152 has a pawl 154 that only allows the workpiece to move in the direction of the planer 12 1 (as in the G direction of Figure 2).
  • the workpiece pushes the baffle 152 to rotate in the direction of the feed, and the workpiece can smoothly enter the planer 100.
  • the reaction force of the planer 121 is planned or the operator attempts to push the workpiece in the opposite direction of the feed (in the opposite direction to the G direction in FIG. 2)
  • the workpiece pushes the shutter 153 to rotate in the opposite direction of the feed, thereby
  • the pawl 154 catches the workpiece so that the workpiece cannot be withdrawn. Thereby, the workpiece is prevented from injuring the operator due to the planing reaction force of the planer 121 or the operator's malfunction.
  • the dust collecting device 16 includes a shield 16 1 , an outer hub 162 , an impeller 163 , and a cover 164 that mates with the shield 161 .
  • the cover 164 is detachably mounted on the bracket 14 and is composed of an upper cover 1641 and a lower cover 1642.
  • Retractable projections 1643 (only one of which is shown) are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the lower cover 1642, and a button 1644 that is coupled to the projection 1643 is provided in the elliptical hole of the upper cover 1641.
  • a spring (not shown) is provided in the twist 1644 and the cover 164, which urges the projection 1643 to always face the outer side of the lower cover 1642.
  • a handle portion 1645 that is convenient for the operator to operate is also provided on the upper cover 1641.
  • the bracket 14 is provided with a groove 150 (only one of which is shown) which cooperates with the projection 1643.
  • the button 1644 When the button 1644 is pressed in the inner direction of the upper cover 1641, the button 1644 is urged to compress the spring, so that the projection 1643 is oriented. The inner cover of the lower cover 1642 is moved. At this time, the cover 164 can be placed into the bracket 14, and then the button 1644 is released. Under the action of the spring, the projection 1643 is moved toward the outer side of the lower cover 1642, thereby being concave. The slot 150 is mated and the cover 164 is now in the locking device.
  • the protective cover 161 includes a main body portion 1611 and a dust collecting duct 1612.
  • the body portion 1611 is defined by a pair of side wall members 1613 and end wall members 1614 to form a shape similar to a triangle.
  • the body portion 1611 mates with the lower cover 1642 of the cover 164 to form a sealed cavity which preferably sized to completely cover the tool pocket 141. This prevents debris from entering the motor housing 111 and other places.
  • An inlet 1615 for dust entry is provided on one side of the side wall member 1613 of the main body portion 1611.
  • the inlet 1615 is generally square.
  • the dust collecting pipe 1612 is a connecting pipe that is open at both ends, but is completely closed elsewhere. It mates with the body portion 1611 by a generally square opening formed at the first end that matches the inlet 1615 on the front sidewall member 1613, which is formed by a circular opening that is formed at the second end that matches the outer hub 162.
  • the hub 162 is mated.
  • the outer hub 162 is formed by a pair of mating hub bodies 1621 that cooperate to define a spool-shaped central cavity that includes an inlet for dust entry (not shown) and an outlet 1623 for dust discharge, the inlet and dust collection.
  • the second end of the conduit 1612 is mated. Since the specific structure of the outer hub 162 is well known in the industry, it will not be described here.
  • a card slot 1622 is provided on one side of the outer hub 162, and a mating block 118 is disposed on the outer side of the motor housing 111.
  • the outer hub 162 is mated with the block 118 on the motor housing 111 through the card slot 1622 such that the outer hub 162 is sleeved over the outer circumference of the motor housing 111.
  • the impeller 163 is mated to the motor shaft 112.
  • the dust generated by the planer 100 during the planing is sucked through the inlet 1615 on the shield 161 in the tool pocket, passes through the dust collecting duct 1612 into the inlet of the outer hub 162, and then enters through the outlet 1623. In the dust bag.
  • a rear cover 165 is further provided on the rear side of the bracket 14, and the rear cover 165 is rotatably provided on the bracket 14 via a pin 1651.
  • a hole 1653 through which the outlet 1623 of the outer hub 162 passes, and a handle portion 1652 which is convenient for the operator to operate.
  • the workpiece 200 is often not cut once to the desired thickness and the desired planing surface, often several times to achieve the desired thickness and the desired planing surface. This requires that the workpiece 200 be continuously taken from the rear side 4 of the planer to the front side 3 of the planer, which is laborious and cumbersome.
  • the planer 100 is provided with a transport unit 90 for transporting the workpiece 200 on the upper top surface 10 1 of the carriage 14.
  • the transmission device 90 includes a first guide wheel 91 and a second guide wheel 92, wherein the first guide wheel 91 is fixedly pivotally connected to the bracket 14, and the second guide wheel 92 passes through the connecting member 93.
  • the activity is pivotally attached to the carriage 14.
  • the first and second guide wheels 91, 92 include a cylindrical body portion 94, the body portion 94 of which is primarily used to convey the workpiece 200.
  • a boss 155 is provided on the bracket 14, and the boss 155 is provided with a receiving hole 156, and the first guide wheel 91 is rotatably disposed in the receiving hole 156.
  • the bracket 14 is provided with a semi-circular boss 157.
  • the boss 157 is provided with a receiving hole 158, and the connecting member 93 is fixedly pivoted in the receiving hole 158.
  • the connecting member 93 has a main body 93 1 that matches the bracket 14, and as shown in Fig. 2, a recess 932 and a projection 933 which are in contact with the bracket 14 are provided on the main body 93 1 .
  • the second guide wheel 92 is in the storage position, and the recess 932 of the connecting member 93 is in contact with the bracket 14, when the first guide wheel 91 and the second guide wheel 92 are on the same horizontal surface, of course
  • the transport device 90 can be used to transport relatively short workpieces; as shown in Figure 19, the second guide wheel 9 is in the operative position and the projections 932 of the connector 93 are in contact with the bracket 14.
  • the first guide wheel 91 and the second guide wheel 92 are also maintained on the same horizontal surface. In this position, the transporting device 90 can be used to transport relatively long workpieces.
  • 20 is a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the difference is: the second support arm 32 in the connecting device 30 of the present embodiment and The support column 33 is replaced with a support rod, and the inventive concept of the present invention can also be achieved.
  • the connecting device 30a is disposed between the holder assembly 10a and the base la for supporting the holder assembly 10a so as to be movable up and down along the threaded guide 2a, thereby realizing a planer
  • the height of 121a is adjusted relative to the height of the base la.
  • the threaded guide 2a is pivotable relative to the front and rear sides 3a, 4a of the base 1a.
  • the connecting device 30a includes a first support arm 31a and a second support arm 32a that are pivotally coupled to the base la, respectively.
  • the first support arm 31a is fixedly pivoted to the base la via the second pivot 42a; the second support arm 32a is fixedly pivotally connected to the base la via the third pivot 43a.
  • the second pivot 42a is disposed coaxially with the third pivot 43a, and the second pivot 42a and the third pivot 43a are fixed relative to the base la.
  • the first support arm 31a is pivotally coupled to the tool post assembly 10a via the first pivot 41a; the second support arm 32a is pivotally coupled to the tool post assembly 10a via the fourth pivot 44a, and the first pivot 41a and the fourth The pivot 44a is movable relative to the base la.
  • the tool holder assembly 10a and the first support arm 31a and the second support arm 32a constitute a three-bar linkage mechanism.
  • the first pivot 41a between the tool holder assembly 10a and the first support arm 31a is movably disposed on the threaded guide rod 2a, thereby driving the knife holder assembly 10a to move up and down along the threaded guide rod 2a to realize the planer 121a. Adjusted relative to the height of the base la.
  • the tool post assembly 10a can be pivotally connected to the second support arm 32a via the fourth pivot 44a, and can also slide relative to the second support arm 32a, thereby ensuring two on the tool post assembly 10a.
  • the line between the pivot axes (the first pivot 41a and the fourth pivot 44a) has a constant angle ⁇ with the base, thereby ensuring that the plane of the planer 121a is always parallel with the base la, improving the planing quality.
  • a locking mechanism (the locking mechanism 60 in the first embodiment) is disposed between the second support arm 32a and the tool holder assembly 10a, so that the second support arm 32a can be coupled with the knife.
  • the frame assembly 10a is disengaged such that the tool holder assembly 10 can also be turned over about the front side of the planer about the first pivot 41a.
  • the planer 121a can be completely exposed to the outside, and the operator has a large operation space when repairing or replacing the blade, which makes it convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention in which the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the connecting device 30b is disposed between the holder assembly 10b and the base lb for supporting the holder assembly 10b so as to be movable up and down along the threaded guide 2b, thereby realizing The height of the planer 121b relative to the base lb is adjusted.
  • the threaded guide 2b is pivotable relative to the front and rear sides 3b, 4b of the base lb.
  • the connecting device 30b includes a support post 33b fixedly coupled to the base lb and a first support arm 31b and a second support arm 32b pivotally coupled to the support post 33b, respectively.
  • the support post 33b is disposed in parallel with the base lb, and the first support arm 31b is fixedly pivoted to the support post 33b by the second pivot 42a; the second support arm 32b is fixedly pivoted to the support post 33b via the third pivot 42a, That is, the second pivot 42a and the third pivot are fixed relative to the base 1a.
  • the first support arm 3b is pivotally coupled to the tool post assembly 10b via the first pivot 41b; the second support arm 32b is pivotally coupled to the tool post assembly 10a via the fourth pivot 44b, that is, the first pivot 41b and The fourth pivot 44b is movable relative to the base la.
  • the tool holder assembly 10b and the first support arm 31b, the second support arm 32b, and the support post 33b constitute a four-wire mechanism.
  • the distance between the first pivot 41b and the second pivot 42b is equal to the distance between the third pivot 43b and the fourth pivot 44b; the distance between the first pivot 41b and the fourth pivot 44b is The distance between the second pivot 42b and the third pivot 43b is also equal, so the four-bar linkage is a parallel four-bar linkage.
  • the threaded guide 2b is also pivotally moved relative to the front and rear sides 3b, 4b of the base lb.
  • the connection between the two pivot shafts (the first pivot 41b and the fourth pivot 44b) on the tool post assembly 10b and the support arm 33b The lines between the two pivot shafts (the second pivot 42b and the third pivot 43b) are always kept parallel to each other, and the rear support arms 33b are disposed in parallel on the base lb, so the two pivot axes on the tool holder assembly 10b
  • the line between the axes of the first pivot 41b and the fourth pivot 44b is always parallel with the base lb, that is, the plane of the planer 12 lb on the tool post assembly 10b is always in the same position as the table (not shown) Parallel, thus ensuring the quality of the planing.
  • a locking mechanism (the locking mechanism 60 in the first embodiment) is disposed between the second support arm 32b and the tool post assembly 10b, so that the second support arm 32b can be
  • the tool holder assembly 10b is disengaged such that the tool holder assembly 10b can also be turned over about the first pivot 41b toward the front side 3b of the planer.
  • the planer 121 b can be completely exposed to the outside, and the operator has a large operation space when repairing or replacing the blade, which makes it convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer.
  • a locking mechanism is disposed between the second support arm 32b and the support post 33b such that the second support arm 32b can be disengaged from the support post 33b such that the tool post assembly 10b can be wrapped around the first pivot 41b
  • the front side 3 b of the planer is turned over. In this way, the planer 121 b can be completely exposed to the outside, and the operator has a large operation space when repairing or replacing the blade, which makes it convenient and safe for the operator to repair or replace the planer.

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Description

刨床 技术领域
本发明涉及一种木工机械, 特别是涉及一种可以方便调节刨刀的切削深 度及方便对刨刀进行维修或更换的刨床。
背景技术
刨床常常被用来对木板进行表面刨削加工。 如中国公开专利第 15 13648 号揭示了一种刨床, 该刨床包括支架, 支架由一对相对的侧部、 顶部及底座 组成且各部件通过螺紋紧固连接, 四根垂直设置在底底上的支撑柱, 及可沿 该支撑柱垂直移动的刀架组件。 刀架组件装有电机、 由电机驱动的刨刀和由 电机驱动的进、 出料滚轮。 该刀架组件可垂直移动地安装在支撑柱上, 以实 现刀架组件与底座之间的距离调节, 从而可以刨削不同厚度的工件。
刀架组件与底座一起界定了一工件孔, 以供工件通过。
上述的刨刀可旋转地安装在刀架组件的下部且邻近工件孔的位置, 刨刀 由紧固件将其安装在刨轴上, 为了保证安全, 防止操作者不慎将手靠近到刨 刀, 所以在刨刀上还设有一盖子遮挡, 而为了方便刨刀的维修或更换, 盖子 通过螺钉可拆卸地安装在刀架组件上。
由于盖子通过螺钉的方式固定在刀架组件上, 所以当需要维修或更换刀 片时, 必须使用工具将盖子拆下来, 而更换或维修刀片也必须使用专用的工 具, 而由于刀架组件与顶部之间的空间较小, 使得操作非常不方便。 而且由 于刀架组件与顶部空间小, 两侧又有一对相对的侧部, 所以使得操作空间的 光线较暗, 操作者在这种情况下更换或维修刨刀, 很容易被刀片伤到, 所以 也相当危险。
发明内容
本发明的主要目 的在于: 提供一种可以方便、 安全地对刨刀进行维修或 更换的刨床。
本发明的另一个目 的在于: 提供一种可以方便、 准确地调节刨削深度的 刨床。
本发明解决其技术问题所釆用的技术方案为: 一种刨床, 包括底座、 与 所述底座配接的导杆以及可沿所述导杆上、 下移动的刀架组件, 其中所述刀 架组件包括电机及由电机驱动的刨刀, 在所述刀架组件和所述底座之间设有 支撑所述刀架组件的连接装置, 所述刀架组件可枢转地与所述连接装置连 接。
优选的, 所述连接装置包括第一支撑臂, 所述第一支撑臂与所述刀架组 件通过第一枢轴活动枢接, 所述第一支撑臂与所述底座通过第二枢轴固定枢 接。
所述连接装置进一步包括第二支撑臂, 所述第二支撑臂与所述刀架组件 通过第四枢轴活动枢接, 所述第二支撑臂与所述底座通过第三枢轴固定枢 接。
优选的, 所述第二枢轴与所述第三枢轴同轴设置。
优选的, 所述连接装置进一步包括与所述底座配接的支撑柱, 所述支撑 柱用于连接第二枢轴和第三枢轴。
优选的, 所述刀架组件与所述支撑柱、 及第一支撑臂和第二支撑臂组成 了一个四连 ^干机构。
其中, 所述四连杆机构是一个平行四连杆机构, 其中所述第一枢轴和所 述第二枢轴两轴之间的距离与所述第三枢轴和所述第四枢轴两轴之间的距离 相等; 所述第一枢轴和所述第四枢轴两轴之间的距离与所述第二枢轴和所述 第三枢轴两轴之间的距离相等。
所述刀架组件上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述支撑柱上的两枢转轴之间 的连线平行。
所述支撑柱上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述底座具有夹角 α , 所述刀架 组件上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述底座之间具有恒定的夹角 α。
所述支撑柱上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述底座平行设置, 且所述刀架 组件上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述底座平行。
所述刀架组件可拆卸地与所述第二支撑臂枢转连接, 且两者之间设有锁 紧机构。
所述第二支撑臂可拆卸地与所述支撑柱枢转连接。
所述刀架组件具有装有刨刀的下底面和相对设置的上顶面, 所述刀架组 件围绕所述第一枢轴在两个状态之间活动, 在第一状态, 所述上顶面与底座 之间的距离大于所述下底面与底座之间的距离; 在第二状态, 所述上顶面与 底座之间的距离小于所述下底面与底座之间的距离。
优选的, 所述刀架组件和所述第二支撑臂之间设有锁紧机构, 所述锁紧 机构包括安装在刀架组件上的轴承、 可枢转地设置在所述第二支撑臂上的手 柄、 沿纵轴方向延伸的锁紧杆、 以及用于连接手柄和锁紧杆的连接杆。
其中, 通过旋转手柄, 可以使得锁紧杆可沿其纵轴方向滑动且具有两个 位置, 在所述第一位置, 所述锁紧杆与所述轴承紧密接触, 所述刀架组件与 所述第二支撑臂旋转配接; 在所述第二位置, 所述锁紧杆脱离与所述轴承的 配合, 所述刀架组件与所述第二支撑臂脱开配合, 所述刀架组件可围绕所述 第一枢轴旋转。
优选的, 所述刨床还包括设置在刀架组件上的开关以及设置在刀架组件 和第二支撑臂之间的安全锁定装置。
其中, 所述安全锁定装置包括设置在刀架组件上的插座和设置在第二支 撑臂上的电源线, 其中所述插座通过电线与所述开关串联, 所述电源线的一 端设有与所述插座配接的插头。 当所述刀架组件围绕所述第一枢轴旋转时, 所述插头与所述插座脱开。
优选的, 所述导杆可枢转地设置在底座上, 所述第一枢轴可移动地设置 在所述导杆上。
其中, 所述导杆与所述刀架组件之间设有升降结构, 所述升降结构用于 调节所述刀架组件相对所述底座的高度。
优选的, 所述刀架组件与所述第一支撑臂和所述第二支撑臂组成了一个 三连杆机构, 其中所述刀架组件可滑动地设置在所述第二支撑臂上, 所述刀 架组件上的两枢转轴之间的连线与所述底座具有恒定的夹角 β。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果为: 刀架组件可枢转地与连接装置 连接, 当刀架组件脱开与其中的一个支撑臂配合时, 就可以使该刀架组件围 绕一枢转轴枢轴, 并使得刀架组件在两个状态之间活动。 在第一状态, 具有 刨刀的下底面靠近工作台, 刨床可以进行刨削工件; 在第二状态, 刀架组件 相对于底座翻转, 具有刨刀的下底面远离工作台,使得刨刀完全暴露在外面。 如此, 操作者在维修或更换刀片时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨 刀进行维修或更换时非常方便、 安全。
刀架组件与支撑柱、 及第一、 第二支撑臂组成了一个平行四连杆机构, 且平行四连杆机构其中一个枢轴可移动地设置在所述导杆上。 如此, 操作者 可以方便、 准确地调节刨削的深度。 由于刀架组件与支撑柱、 及第一、 第二 支撑臂组成的是平行四连杆机构, 所以在刀架组件沿着导杆上下移动的过程 中, 刀架组件上的两个枢转轴之间的连线与支撑柱上的两个枢转轴之间的连 线保持始终平行, 而支撑柱固定设置, 如此使得刀架组件上的两个枢转轴之 间的连线与底座之间具有一恒定的夹角, 这样刨刀所在平面始终平行于底 座, 从而保证了刨削质量。
或是刀架组件与第一、 第二支撑臂组成一个三连杆机构, 且该三连杆机 构其中一个枢轴可移动地设置在所述的导杆上, 使得操作者可以方便、 准确 地调节刨削的深度。 而其中刀架组件可滑动地设置在第二支撑臂上, 如此刀 架组件上的两个枢转轴之间的连线可以与所述底座具有一恒定的夹角, 这样 刨刀所在平面始终平行于底座, 从而保证了刨削质量。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行具体的阐述。
图 1是本发明刨床的立体图。
图 2是本发明刨床的立体分解图。
图 3是本发明刨床调节刀架组件相对于底座高度的运动轨迹图。
图 4是本发明刨床中刨刀组件的局部立体分解图, 其中小刀片为放大示 意图。
图 5是本发明刨床中升降机构的立体分解图。
图 6是本发明刨床刀架组件处于最低位置的示意图。
图 7是本发明刨床刀架组件处于最高位置的示意图。
图 8是本发明刨床中锁紧机构去掉部分第二支撑臂的示意图, 此时锁紧 机构处于锁紧位置。
图 9是本发明刨床中锁紧机构去掉部分第二支撑臂的示意图, 此时锁紧 机构处于非锁紧位置。
图 10是本发明刨床的立体图, 此时插头拔出插座。
图 1 1是本发明刨床的立体图, 此时刀架组件可围绕第一枢轴旋转。 图 12是本发明刨床的立体图, 此时刀架组件翻转过来。
图 13是本发明刨床中刨削深度指示装置的立体分解图。
图 14是本发明刨床中同步传动机构的立体图。
图 15是本发明刨床中齿轮变速箱的立体分解图。
图 16是本发明刨床中齿轮变速箱的立体图, 此时变速手柄被调至高速 档。 图 17是本发明刨床中齿轮变速箱的立体图, 此时变速手柄被调至低速 档。
图 18是本发明刨床清洁状态的立体示意图。
图 19是本发明刨床中传输装置传输工件的立体图, 此时第二导轮处于 工作位置。
图 20是本发明刨床中的连接装置的另一实施方式原理图。
图 21是本发明刨床中的连接装置的又一实施方式原理图。
其巾:
l,la,lb底座 10,10a,10b刀架组件 11. 电机组件
110. 开关组件 111. 电机壳体 112. 电机轴
115. 驱动皮带轮 116. 皮带 117. 从动皮带轮
118. 卡块 119. 开关 12. 刨刀组件
121,121a,121b刨刀 122. 支承轴 7 123. 刀轴
124. 刀座 125. 刀槽 126. 小刀片
127. 切削刃 128. 安装部分 129. 圆形孔
13. 工件进给装置 131. 进料滚轮 132. 出料滚轮
133. 主体 134. ~" "末端 135. 第二末端
136. 轴承 137. 轴承 14. 托架
141. 刀具穴 142. 控制面板 1421 . 槽
1422 . 过载保护开关 143. 第一安装孔 144. 二安装孑 L
145. 第三安装孔 146. 第四安装孔 147. 第五安装孑 L
148. 六安装孑 L 149. 第七安装孔 15. 进料防退装置
150. 凹槽 151. 轴 152. 挡板
153. 垫片 154. 棘爪 155. 凸台
156. 收容孔 157. 凸台 158. 收容孔
16. 集尘装置 161. 防护罩 1611 . 主体部分
1612 . 集尘管道 1613. 侧壁构件 1614 . 端壁构件
1615 . 入 π 162. 外轮毂 1621 . 毂体
1622 . 卡槽 1623. 出口 163. 叶轮 164. 盖子 1641. 上盖 1642. 下盖
1643 . 凸块 1644 . 按扭 1645 . 4巴手部分
165. 1651 . 销轴 1652 . 4巴手部分
1653 . 孔 17. 同步传动机构 171. 第一链轮
172. 第二链轮 173. 第三链轮 174. 张紧链轮
1741 . 螺钉 1742 . 弹簧 1743 . 固定板
175. 链条 18. 驱动装置 181. 皮带传动机构
182. 第一带轮 183. 第二带轮 184. 皮带
185. 中间轴 186. 第一端部 187. 第二端部
188. 第一齿轮 19. 齿轮变速箱 191. 变速箱壳体
192. 第一壳体 193. 第二壳体 194. 第二齿轮
195. 第三齿轮 196. 转轴 197. 转轴
2, 2a, 2b导杆 20,20b平行四连 4干机构 21. 上端部
22. 下端部 23. 销轴 24. 第一级行星齿轮
241. 第一行星轮组 2411 . 行星轮 242. 第一内齿圏
243. 第一行星架 25. 第二级行星齿轮 251. 第二行星轮组
2511 . 行星轮 252. 第二内齿圈 2521 . 凸块
253. 第二行星架 254第二太阳轮 26. 第三级行星齿轮
261. 第二行星轮组 2611 . 行星轮 262. 第三内齿圏
2621 . 凸块 263. 第三行星架 264. 第三太阳轮
27. 支架 271. 销轴 28. 变速机构
281. 变速手柄 282. 支撑件 2821 . 收容槽
2822 . 收容槽 283. 转轴 284. 第一拨动杆
285. 第二拨动杆 286. 定位件 287. 第一定位槽
288. 第二定位槽 289. 扭簧 290. 第一销子
291. 第二销子 292. 第一接触面 293. 第二接触面
294. 凹槽 295. 第一接触面 296. 第二接触面
297. 凹槽 298. 第一卡槽 299. 第二卡槽
3, 3a, 3b前侧 30,30a,30b连接装置 31,31a,31b第一支撑臂 311. 第一端部 312. 第二端部 313. 轴承
314. 轴 盖 315. 盖板 316. 椭圓形的孔
32,32a,32b第二支撑臂 321. 第一端部 322. 第二端部
323. 轴承 324. 轴承盖 33,33b支撑柱
331. 主体 332. 后支撑臂 333. 上端部
334. 下端部 335. 存储区域 336. 存储区域
337. 收容槽 4,4a,4b后侧 41, 41a, 41b第一枢轴
42, 42a, 42b第二枢轴 43, 43a, 43b第三枢轴 44, 44a, 44b第四枢轴
45,45a,45b第五枢轴 46,46a,46b第六枢轴 5. 工作台
50. 升降结构 51. 锁定螺母 511. 上主体部分
512. , 下主体部分 513. 中间凸缘 514. 内孔径
515. , 蜗轮 52. 调节机构 521. 蜗杆
522. 连接轴 523. 手轮 524. 旋转手柄
53. 齿轮箱 531. 第一壳体 532. 第二壳体
533. 收容孑 L 534. 通孔 54. 轴承
55. 轴承 56. 轴承盖 57. 切深标尺
58. 指示器 59. 指针 6. 支承脚
60. 锁紧机构 61. 轴承 62. 枢轴
63. 手柄 64. 锁紧杆 65. 连接杆
651. 第一端 652. 第二端 7. 工件孔
70. 安全锁定装置 71. 插座 72. 电源线
73. 插头 8. 宽度限位板 80. 刨削深度指示装置
81. 指示座 811. 通孔 82. 枢轴
83. 工件接触件 831. 端部 832. 凸起
833. 收容孑 L 84. 连杆 841. 侧杆
842. 连接杆 843. 通孔 844. 通孔
845. 销轴 846. 销轴 847. 销轴
85. 标尺架 851. 销轴 853. 收容孔
86. 透明显示屏 87. 指针 88. 枢轴 刻度盘 9. 挡板 90. 传输装置
91. 第一导轮 92. 第二导轮 93. 连接件
931. 主体 932. 凹部 933. 凸起
主体部分 100. 刨床 101. 上顶面
102. 下底面 200. 工件
具体实施方式
如图 1 所示, 刨床 100 包括座座 1、 与所述底座 1 配接的导杆 2、 及装 有刨刀组件 12 (如图 2所示) 的刀架组件 10, 其中该刀架组件 10可沿着导 杆 2上、 下移动。 底座 1具有靠近操作者的前侧 3和远离操作者的后侧 4, 其包括支撑工件的工作台 5和一对设置在工作台 5 两侧的一对支承脚 6, 刀 架组件 10与支撑工件的工作台 5—起界定了以供工件穿过的工件孔 7。如图 2所示, 在工作台 5 的两侧还设有限定工件的宽度范围的宽度限位板 8, 在 刀架组件 10上对称设有防护的挡板 9。
导杆 2上设有螺紋, 其可绕枢轴旋转地设置在底座 1 的前侧。 如图 2和 图 5所示, 该螺紋导杆 2具有与支承脚 6配接的下端部 22和相对设置的上 端部 21, 其中下端部 22为光螺紋, 配接有销轴 23, 螺紋导杆 2通过该销轴 23与支撑脚 6上形成的孔配合, 使得螺紋导杆 2可相对于底座 1 的前、 后侧 3、 4枢转。
如图 2所示, 刀架组件 10 包括托架 14, 及设置在托架 14上的电机组件 11、 刨刀组件 12、 工件进给装置 13、 进料防退装置 15、 集尘装置 16、 变速 齿轮箱 19以及刨削深度指示装置 80。
托架 14的底部具有一刀具穴 141, 刀具穴 141 包括一水平延伸切口, 该 刀具穴 141 的大小以支撑刨刀组件 12为适宜。 在托架 14的前侧还设有控制 面板 142。托架 14主要用于支撑电机组件 11、刨刀组件 12、工件进给装置 13、 进料防退装置 15以及集尘装置 16等等, 所以其上设有许多安装孔, 在下面 会详细说明。
电机组件 11 通过一对支承轴承可旋转地安装在托架 14的第一安装孔 143 内, 其包括电机壳体 111、 收容于该电机壳体 111 内的电机 (未图示)、 与电机固定连接的电机轴 112及开关组件 110。 其中电机轴 112具有第一、 第二端部, 其中第一端部固定连接于驱动皮带轮 1 1 5 , 通过皮带 1 16将动力 传输给刨刀组件 12上的从动皮带轮 1 1 7 , 该从动皮带轮 1 17与刨刀组件 12 固定配接, 从而将动力由电机传输给刨刀组件 12用于刨削工件。
开关组件 1 1 0 包括设置在控制面板 142上的开关 1 19 以及连接电机与开 关 1 1 9的电线 (未图示)。 开关 1 19设置在刨床 100前侧的控制面板 142上, 以方便操作者操作。
控制面板 142上还设有过载保护开关 1422 (可参见图 1所示), 当切削 量太大或是由于木材太硬, 导致刨刀堵转时, 该过载保护开关 1422会自动 切断电源, 使得该刨床停止工作。 这时需要关闭开关 1 1 9 , 然后调整切削量, 再按下过载保护开关 1422使其复位。
刨刀组件 12由一对支承轴承 122可旋转地安装在托架的第二安装孔 144 内, 且位于刀具穴 141 内并可相对于刀具穴 141 自由旋转。
如图 4所示, 刨刀组件 12 包括可围绕刀轴 123旋转的刨刀 121 , 在刨刀 121 周面上设有螺旋线状或弧状的刀座 124和刀槽 125。 刨刀 121 由许多小 刀片 126组成, 这些小刀片 126以预定排列形态安装在刀座 124上, 在本实 施例中是以螺旋线状的形态排布,从而形成了螺旋线状的刀齿。 而刀齿呈螺旋 线状, 相对直齿的刨刀来说, 增加了刨刀 12 1 的工作面积。 而且由于螺旋结 构, 使其工作时, 刀齿是逐渐切入, 从而大幅度减少了切削阻力和刀震, 降 低了切削时的噪音。 刀槽 125也为螺旋状, 使得排屑更方便。 小刀片 126在 刀座 124上的多重排布, 在提高了加工质量和加工效率的同时, 延緩了刨刀 121 的磨损, 从而延长了刨刀 121 的使用寿命。
每一小刀片 126 大致为正方形, 包括四个切削刃 127和一个安装部分 128 , 其中切削刃 127分布在小刀片 126 的四周, 且具有比较轻微的弯曲, 以防止划伤刨削好的工件。 安装部分 128 包括圆形的安装孔 129 , 螺钉通过 该安装孔 129可将小刀片 126坚固地安装在刀座 124上。
当维修或更换刀片时, 由于刨刀 121 由许多块小刀片 126组成, 所以只 需将用飩的或用坏的个别小刀片 126维修或更换, 从而方便了维修或更换, 而且还降低了成本。 加上, 每一小刀片 126具有四个切削刃 127 , 当其中一 个切削刃 127损坏或用飩时, 可将其旋转 90度或 1 80度或 270度, 使未损 坏的切削刃 127工作, 这样相当于更换了三次刀片, 减少了刀片的更换频率, 延长了刀片的使用周期, 从而大大降低了使用成本。
再参见图 1, 在刀架组件 10和底座 1之间设有连接装置 30, 该连接装 置 30用于支撑刀架组件 10。
连接装置 30 包括固定设置在底座 1后侧的支撑柱 33, 以及可绕枢轴旋 转地连接在支撑柱 33上的第一、 第二支撑臂 31、 32。
如图 2所示, 第一支撑臂 31 不是实心构造的, 而是具有一个空心的腔 体, 为了增加刚性, 内设有三角形构造的筋板, 且设有盖板 315。 各第一支 撑臂 31 包括第一端部 311和第二端部 312,其中第一端部 311通过第一枢轴 41 与刀架组件 10活动枢接; 第二端部 312通过第二枢轴 42与支撑柱 33 固 定枢接。 其中该第一枢轴 41相对于底座 1可活动; 该第二枢轴 42相对于底 座 1 固定。
同样, 第二支撑臂 32也不是实心构造的, 而是具有一个空心的腔体, 为了增加刚性, 内设有三角形构造的筋板 (未图示)。 各第二支撑臂 32 包括 第一端部 321和第二端部 322 ,其中第一端部 321通过第三枢轴 43与支撑柱 33 固定枢接; 第二端部 322通过第四枢轴 44 与刀架组件 10活动枢接。 其中 该第四枢轴 44相对于底座 1可活动; 该第三枢轴 43相对于底座 1 固定。
支撑柱 33具有与底座 1 固定配接的主体 331、及位于主体 331 两侧且高 于主体 331 的两后支撑臂 332。 其中各后支撑臂 332具有下端部 334和相对 设置的上端部 333。
如图 2所示, 第一支撑臂 31通过轴承 313可绕第二枢轴 42旋转地设置 在后支承臂 332的下端部 334, 为了减少间隙及密封, 在轴承 313上还设有 轴承盖 314 (可参见图 1 ); 第二支撑臂 32通过轴承 323可绕第三枢轴 43旋 转地设置在后支承臂 332的上端部 333 , 为了减少间隙及密封, 在轴承 323 上还设有轴承盖 324 (可参见图 1 )。
如图 11 和图 12所示, 在后支撑臂 332的后侧具有存储区域 335, 该存 储区域 335可以用来存储电源线、 工具等等; 在另一后支撑臂 332的后侧也 同样具有用于盛放附件、 工具或刀具等的存储区域 ( 未图示); 在主体 331 的后侧同样具有用于盛放附件、 工具或刀具等的存储区域 336。 当然在存储 区域 335、 336上还可设置有盖子。
其中, 刀架组件 10与后支撑臂 332、 及所述第一支撑臂 3 1和第二支撑 臂 32组成了一个四连杆机构。
如图 3所示,其中第一枢轴 41和第二枢轴 42之间的距离与第三枢轴 43 和第四枢轴 44之间的距离相等; 第一枢轴 41和第四枢轴 44之间的距离与 第二枢轴 42和第三枢轴 43之间的距离也相等。 所以该四连杆机构是一个平 行四连 4干机构。
在刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下移动的过程中, 螺紋导杆 2也会 相对于底座 1 的前、 后侧 3、 4枢转运动。 如图 3所示, 根据平行四连杆机 构的特性, 刀架组件 10上的两个枢转轴 (第一枢轴 41和第四枢轴 44 )之间 的连线与后支撑臂 332上的两个枢转轴 (第二枢轴 42和第三枢轴 43 ) 之间 的连线始终保持相互平行。 而后支撑臂 332 固定设置在底座 1上, 其上的第 二枢轴 42的轴心和第三枢轴 43的轴心之间的连线与底座 1具有恒定的夹角 α , 所以刀架组件 10上的第一枢轴 41 的轴心和第四枢轴 44的轴心之间的连 线与底座 1之间具有恒定的夹角 α , 也就是说刀架组件 10上的刨刀 12 1所在 的平面始终与工作台 5平行, 从而保证了刨削质量。
由此可知, 要保证刨刀 121 所在的平面与工作台 5始终平行, 只需保证 支撑该刨刀 121 的刀架组件 10上的两个枢转轴之间的连线与水平或竖直方 向保持一恒定的夹角。
当然, 该连接装置 30也可以只包括第一支撑臂 3 1 (未图示), 该第一支 撑臂 3 1 分别通过枢轴及刀架组件 10与底座 1枢转。 刀架组件 10通过该第 一支撑臂 3 1 与底座 1枢转连接, 从而实现刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下移动。
工件的切削深度是通过调整刀架组件 10相对于底座 1的高度来选择的。 如图 3所示, 本实施例中切削深度是通过平行四连杆机构 20其中的第一枢 轴 41 沿着螺紋导杆 2的上、 下滑动来实现的。 如图 2和图 5所示, 在平行 四连杆机 20和螺紋导杆 2之间设有升降结构 50。
如图 5所示, 该升降结构 50 包括调节螺母 5 1和调节机构 52 , 该调节螺 母 5 1 与螺紋导杆 2螺紋配合。 调节螺母 51 包括上、 下主体部分 511、 512, 位于上、 下主体部分 511、 512之间的中间凸缘 513, 以及延伸完全通过调节螺母 51 的内孔径 514。 其 中内孔径 514 包括螺紋部分, 用于与螺紋导杆 2配合。
中间凸缘 513在上、 下主体部分 511、 512径向向外延伸, 并包括上、 下凸缘表面, 在该凸缘表面上设有蜗轮 515 , 该蜗轮 515 的蜗齿形成在中间 凸缘 513 的外圆周面上。
调节机构 52 包括与调节螺母 51 配合的蜗杆 521, 使蜗杆 521 同步传动 的连接轴 522, 以及设置在连接轴 522—端的手轮 523。
连接轴 522 同时穿过设置在托架 14上的第三安装孔 145及设置在第一 支承臂 31上的椭圆形的孔 316 (如图 2所示)。 而蜗杆 521分别设置在连接 轴 522的两端, 每一蜗杆 521 与相应的调节螺母 51 的中间凸缘 513上的蜗 轮 515相啮合, 从而形成了蜗轮与蜗杆结构, 该结构使得调节高度方便、 而 且稳定、 可靠; 加上蜗轮与蜗杆结构还具有自锁功能, 所以该刨床无需使用 特定的高度锁定机构。
在手轮 523 的外圆周上设有可枢转的旋转手柄 524。 如图 1所示, 当需 要时可将旋转手柄 524枢转到操作位置; 如图 2所示, 当不需要调整时, 可 将旋转手柄 524枢转到贮藏位置, 如此可以减少整个刨床 100的包装体积; 同时也可以避免误操作而影响刨削的质量。
该升降结构 50还设有齿轮箱 53, 该齿轮箱 53用于收容调节螺母 51及 与其啮合的蜗杆 521。
齿轮箱 53 包括相配接的第一、 第二壳体 531、 532, 在第一壳体 531上 设有收容孔 533, 螺紋导杆 2穿过该收容孔 533。 第二壳体 532上设有通孔 534, 连接轴 522可旋转地设置在该通孔 534中。
第一壳体上 531设有一对轴承 55, 如图 2所示, 第一支撑臂 31 的第一 端部 311通过该轴承 55可围绕第五枢轴 45 与齿轮箱 53 配接。 为了减少间 隙及密封, 如图 1所示, 在轴承 55上还设有轴承盖 56。
第一壳体上 531上还设有轴承 54, 如图 2所示, 刀架组件 10的托架 14 的两侧设有第四安装孔 146, 轴承 54收容于第四安装孔 146中。 如此, 刀架 组件 10通过轴承 54和第四安装孔 146的配合可围绕第六枢轴 41与齿轮箱 53 配接。 在这里, 第六枢轴 41和第五枢轴 45与第一枢轴 41 同轴设置。 从而, 刀架组件 10通过该齿轮箱 53与第一支撑臂 3 1枢转连接。 在需要的情况下, 该刀架组件 10还可以围绕第六枢轴 46翻转。
如图 5和图 6所示, 当需要调节刀架组件 10相对于底座 1之间的距离 时, 只需枢转出旋转手柄 524 , 旋转旋转手柄 524 , 从而使得连接轴 522及 设置在上面的蜗杆 521相对于齿轮箱 53旋转, 蜗杆 521 与中间凸缘 5 13上 的蜗轮 5 15啮合, 使得调节螺母 5 1 的内孔径 5 14的螺紋与螺紋导杆 2啮合。 如图 6和图 7 所示, 从而刀架组件 10可沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下移动, 从而 实现了刀架组件 10与底座 1之间的距离调节。
由于刀架组件 10通过第一、 第二支撑臂 3 1、 32以及后支撑臂 332组成 了一个平行四连杆机构 20 , 如此使得刀架组件 10可沿着螺紋导杆 2相对于 底座上、 下移动而并非垂直移动, 同时螺紋导杆 2也会相对于底座 1 的前、 后侧 3、 4枢转运动。 如图 3所示, 实线表示刀架组件 10处于最低位置时, 导杆、 连接装置以及刨刀所处的位置; 虚线表示调节了刀架组件 10相对于 底座的位置后, 导杆、 连接装置以及刨刀所处的位置。
当调节刀架组件 10相对于底座 1向上移动到达图中虚线位置的过程中, 第一、 第二支撑臂 3 1、 32会围绕第二、 第三枢轴 42、 43顺时针旋转 (如图 3 中的 E方向所示), 枢转后的位置如图中虚线所示; 同时螺紋导杆 2 围绕枢 轴顺时针旋转时 (如图 3 中的 E方向所示), 枢转后的位置如图中虚线所示。 从而使得第一枢轴 41 的运动轨迹是以第二枢轴 42的轴心为圆心的圆弧线, 同样第四枢轴 44的运动轨迹是以第三枢轴 43 的轴心为圆心的圆弧线。 从而 导致了刨刀 121 的运动轨迹也是以某一特定点 (该特定点是通过一定算术式 推定出, 且为业界技术人员所熟知, 在这里就不赘述) 为圆心的圆弧线。
同样, 当调节刀架组件 10相对于底座 1 向下移动的过程中, 也就是由 虚线位置到达实线位置的过程中, 第一、 第二支撑臂 3 1、 32会围绕第二、 第三枢轴 42、 43逆时针旋转 (如图 3 中的 E方向的相反方向 ); 同时螺紋导 杆 2 围绕枢轴逆时针旋转 (如图 3 中的 E方向的相反方向 )。 且第一枢轴 41 的运动轨迹是以第二枢轴 42的轴心为圆心的圆弧线, 第四枢轴 44的运动轨 迹是以第三枢轴 43 的轴心为圆心的圆弧线。 从而导致了刨刀 12 1 的运动轨 迹是以某一特定点为圆心的圆弧线。
由此可知, 该刨刀 12 1 不仅在竖直方向上产生了位移, 而且在水平方向 也产生了位移。 换句话说, 就是该刨刀 121 不仅可以上、 下移动, 而且还可 以在水平方向上平动。
但是由于刀架组件 10始终与后支撑臂 332平行, 如图 3所示, 根据平 行四连杆机构的特性, 刀架组件 10上的两个枢转轴 (第一枢轴 41和第四枢 轴 44 ) 之间的连线与后支撑臂 332上的两个枢转轴 (第二枢轴 42和第三枢 轴 43 ) 之间的连线始终保持相互平行, 而后支撑臂 332 固定设置在底座 1 上, 所以刀架组件 10上的第一枢轴 41 的轴心和第四枢轴 44的轴心之间的 连线与底座 1之间具有恒定的夹角, 也就是说刀架组件 10上的刨刀 121 所 在的平面始终与工作台 5始终平行, 从而保证了刨削质量。
由于螺紋导杆 2与调节螺母 5 1 的内孔径 5 14的螺紋之间具有上、 下螺 紋间隙, 如果两者之间的螺紋间隙在刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2的上、 下 滑动过程中, 一会靠上, 一会靠下, 如此会使得刨刀 12 1在切削过程中上、 下窜动, 影响到切削质量。
而为了使得两者之间的螺紋间隙始终保持在一个方向上, 防止刨刀 121 在切削过程中窜动, 保证切削的质量, 如图 2所示, 在支撑柱 33 的主体和 第一支撑臂 3 1 的第二端部 3 12之间设有压缩弹簧。 该压缩弹簧的一端收容 在支撑柱 33 的主体 33 1上对称设置的收容槽 337 内; 该压缩弹簧的另一端 收容在第一支撑臂 3 1 的第二端部 3 12与支撑柱 33配接的一侧设置的收容槽 (未图示) 内。
该压缩弹簧使得调节螺母 5 1 始终朝着与螺紋导杆 2啮合的方向, 从而 使得螺紋导杆 2与调节螺母 5 1 的内孔径 5 14的螺紋之间的螺紋间隙始终保 持在一个方向上, 从而防止刨刀 121在切削过程中窜动, 保证了切削的质量。
而且该压缩弹簧还使得操作者在调节高度过程中比较舒适。 这是因为 当 操作者旋转旋转手柄 524 , 使得刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2的向下滑动时, 由于刀架组件 10具有一定的重力, 所以在这里操作者在向下调节高度时在 重力的帮助下还需要克服压缩弹簧的弹簧力; 当操作者旋转旋转手柄 524 , 使得刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2向上滑动时, 由于压缩弹簧的作用, 所以 在这里操作者在向上调节高度时在压缩弹簧的作用下还需要克服一定的重 力。 因此, 在刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下滑动的过程中, 操作者作 用在旋转手柄 524上的力比较均衡, 从而使得操作者比较舒适。
蜗杆 521 与设置在中间凸缘 5 13上的蜗轮 5 1 5可以互相自锁。 从而保证 了刀架组件 10相对底座 1 的相对位置, 而无需使用其它的固定装置。 如无 需调节高度时, 可将旋转手柄 524枢转到贮藏位置, 如此可以避免不小心接 触到旋转手柄 524 , 从而改变刀架组件 10相对于底座 1 的高度, 同时也可以 减少包装体积, 降低了成本。
如图 1和图 5所示,切深标尺 57 以固定的方式安装在右侧的螺紋导杆 2 上, 而由于螺紋导杆 2不会始终垂直于底座, 其在刀架组件 10的上、 下移 动过程中会相对于底座 1 的前、 后侧 3、 4枢转, 所以切深标尺 57上用以标 示工件所需厚度的刻度并不是均匀的, 而是以一定规律变化的。 而且由于枢 转, 使得切深标尺长于传统的标尺, 如此就可以清楚、 准确地标注读数, 从 而使得读数方便并准确。
该刨床 100还设有与切深标尺 57配合的指示器 58 ,该指示器 58以可调 节的方式安装在齿轮箱 53 的第一壳体 53 1上, 并可随着齿轮箱 53 —起上、 下移动。
指示器 58通过螺钉 (未图示) 以可调节的方式安装在第一壳体 53 1上, 以方便校准。 指示器 58的中间镂空, 以方便观察切深标尺 57上的刻度, 在 指示器 58的中间镂空的右侧设有指针 59。
当刀架组件 10相对于底座 1上、 下移动时, 指针 59在切深标尺 57上 的位置指示出所期望的工件的厚度。
如图 2所示, 刀架组件 10和第二支撑臂 32第二端部 322之间设置有锁 紧机构 60。
如图 8所示, 该锁紧机构 60 包括安装在刀架组件 10上的托架 14上的 轴承 61、 可围绕枢轴 62逆时针旋转地设置在第二支撑臂 32上的手柄 63、 沿纵轴 X方向延伸的锁紧杆 64、 以及设置在手柄 63和锁紧杆 64之间的连 接杆 65。 其中通过旋转手柄 63 , 可以使得锁紧杆 64可沿着其纵轴 X轴方向 滑动并具有两个位置。 在第一位置, 锁紧杆 64与轴承 61 紧密接触, 从而使 刀架组件 10与第二支撑臂 32旋转配接, 而由于轴承 61 的使用, 有利于在 刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下移动的过程中, 第二支撑臂 32可相对于 刀架组件 10枢转, 从而避免了两者之间卡死的情况; 在第二位置, 锁紧杆 64 脱离与轴承 61 的配合, 从而使刀架组件 10与第二支撑臂 32脱开配合。
连接杆 65用来连接手柄 63和锁紧杆 64 ,具有固定长度并由弯曲的片状 材料制成, 其具有与手柄 63枢轴连接的第一端 65 1及与锁紧杆 64枢转连接 的第二端 652。
当逆时针旋转手柄 63 (如图 9 中的 H方向所示), 使其围绕枢轴 62旋 转时, 如图 9所示, 由于手柄 63 的旋转, 设置在其上的连接杆 65 的第一端 65 1也围绕枢轴 62向上旋转, 从而使得锁紧杆 64沿着 X轴方向向第二支撑 臂 32的外侧滑动,如此使得锁紧杆 64脱离与轴承 61 的配合,如图 1 1 所示, 从而使得刀架组件 10可围绕第一枢轴 41旋转; 当顺时针旋转手柄 63 (如图 8 中的 H '方向所示), 使其围绕枢轴 62旋转时, 由于手柄 63 的旋转, 设置 在其上的第一端 65 1也围绕枢轴 62向下旋转, 从而使得锁紧杆 64沿着 X轴 方向向第二支撑臂 32的内侧滑动, 如此使得锁紧杆 64与轴承 61 紧密接触, 从而使刀架组件 10与第二支撑臂 32旋转配接, 而由于轴承 61 的使用, 有 利于在刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2上、 下移动的过程中, 第二支撑臂 32可 相对于刀架组件 10枢转, 从而避免了两者之间卡死的情况。
刀架组件 10可通过轴承 54 围绕第一枢轴 41在两个状态之间活动, 如 图 10所示, 该刀架组件 10的托架 14具有装有刨刀 121 (未图示) 的下底面 102和相对设置的上顶面 101。 在第一状态, 上顶面 10 1 与底座 1之间的距 离大于下底面 102与底座 1之间的距离, 此时刨刀进行刨削工件; 在第二状 态, 如图 12所示, 上顶面 101 与底座 1之间的距离小于下底面 102与底座 1 之间的距离, 如此刨刀 121 完全暴露在外面, 如此, 操作者在维修或更换刀 片时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨刀进行维修或更换时非常方便、 安全。
当然, 如图 3所示, 在第二支撑臂 32与后支撑臂 332之间设置有锁紧 机构 (未图示), 使得第二支撑臂 32可以与后支撑臂 332脱开配合, 从而使 得该刀架组件 10也可以通过轴承 54 围绕第一枢轴 41 向刨床的前侧翻转过 来。 同样, 刨刀 12 1可以完全暴露在外面, 如此, 操作者在维修或更换刀片 时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨刀进行维修或更换时非常方便、 安全。
由此可知, 将刀架组件 10可枢转地与连接装置 30配接, 当刀架组件 1 0 脱开与其中的一个支撑臂配合时, 就可以将该刀架组件 10翻转, 以方便操 作者维修。 当然, 在这里连接装置 30的具体结构还可以釆用其它形式。
如图 12所示, 由于刀架组件 10在脱开与第二支撑臂 32的配合时, 其 可以通过轴承 54 围绕第一枢轴 41翻转过来, 使得刨刀 12 1暴露在外面, 如 果这时不小心接触到开关 1 1 9 , 将非常危险, 所以在刀架组件 10和第二支撑 臂 32之间设有安全锁定装置 70。
如图 10和图 12所示, 安全锁定装置 70 包括插座 71和可选择地与其配 接的电源线 72 , 其中插座 71设置在控制面板 142 , 并通过电线 ( 未图示) 与开关 1 19串联,电源线 72的一端设有与该插座 71可选择地配接的插头 73 , 另一端设有与外接电源相配接的电源线插头 (未图示)。 电源线 72始终配接 在第二支撑臂 32设置的收容槽中, 而多余的电源线 72可存储在后支撑臂上 332的存储区域 335 中。
通过这种设置, 在刀架组件 10脱开与第二支撑臂 32配合, 将其翻转之 前, 如图 6所示, 首先枢转出旋转手柄 524 , 使得刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2向上移动到最高位置, 如图 7和图 10所示, 然后将旋转手柄 524枢转到贮 藏位置 ( 当然也可以不贮藏起来), 接着将插头 73从插座 71 中拔开; 如此, 如图 1 1 所示, 该刀架组件 10可以围绕第一枢轴 41 自 由枢转, 直到将刀架 组件 10翻转过来, 使刨刀 12 1 完全暴露在外面。 当然, 可以根据需要在任 意位置停止并固定, 也可以对刨刀进行维修。 如图 12所示, 这时刀架组件 10 的上表面 101 与底座 1接触, 刨刀 121 完全暴露在外面,这时即使启动开关, 由于插头 73从插座 71 中拔开, 所以电机将不会运行, 非常安全。
如此, 操作者在维修或更换刨刀 12 1 时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操 作者对刨刀 121进行维修或更换时非常方便, 同时也非常安全。
只有当刀架组件 10与第二支撑臂 32配合时,且将插头 73插入到插座 71 中时, 启动开关 1 1 9 , 电机才会运行。
该刨床 100还具有刨削深度指示装置 80。
如图 2和图 13所示, 刨削深度指示装置 80 包括固定在刀架组件 10的 托架 14上的指示座 8 1、 可绕枢轴 82旋转地配接在指示座 8 1上的工件接触 件 83、 与工件接触件 83配接的连杆 84及与连杆 84配接的杆尺架 85、 以及 设置于托架 14上的透明显示屏 86及指针 87。
杆尺架 85与托架 14 固定枢接, 杆尺架 85通过销轴 85 1可围绕枢轴 88 旋转地设置在托架 14上。 在该杆尺架 85上具有收容孔 853。
标尺架 85上配接有刻度盘 89 , 刻度盘 89上刻有以相应的以枢轴 88为 圆心呈扇形分布并递增的标记。 操作者可以通过透明显示屏 89来观察指针 87与刻度盘 89的配合, 来读取被切除的材料量。
刻度盘 89上刻的标记的宽度随着标记的递增反而越来越窄, 这是因为 这样可以提醒操作者切除的材料量越多, 也就是需切除的深度越深, 就要求 被切割工件的宽度越窄。 换句话说, 工件越宽, 就需要提醒操作者每次切除 掉的材料量要少些, 也就是需切除的深度不能太深, 如果切削量太大, 就会 引起刨床折转。
指示座 8 1 通过螺钉固定设置在托架 14上, 其与托架 14共同形成了第 四安装孔 146 (如图 2所示)。
工件接触件 83 围绕基本水平的轴线 82可旋转地设置在指示座 8 1 上, 该工件接触件 83是由弯曲的片状材料制成, 并且具有用于直接接触工件的 端部 83 1。 而在工件接触件 83 的大致中间处设有两凸起 832 , 在该凸起 832 上具有收容孔 833。
连杆 84是由两根侧杆 84 1 及连接两根侧杆 84 1 的连接杆 842组成, 每 一侧杆 841 的两端分别设有通孔 843、 844 , 用于分别收容销轴 845、 846。 连杆 84的一端通过两侧杆 841卡设在标尺架 85 的外侧, 销轴 845 同时穿过 两侧杆 841上的通孔 843和标尺架 85上的收容孔 853 , 使得连杆 84的一端 通过该销轴 845 与标尺架 85枢轴连接。 连杆 84的另一端穿过指示座 8 1 上 的通孔 8 1 1 , 且通过两侧杆 841卡设在两凸起 832之间, 销轴 846 同时穿过 两侧杆 841上的通孔 844和两凸起 832上的收容孔 833 ,使得连杆 84的另一 端通过该销轴 846与工件接触件 83连接。
透明显示屏 86及指针 87以固定的方式安装在托架 14的前侧。
当需要刨削工件时, 首先使工件由工件孔 7进入到刨床 100 中, 进行对 刀, 这时首先旋转旋转手柄 524 , 使刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2向下移动, 在工件未接触到工件接触件 83 的端部 83 1之前, 指针 87的指向是刻度的零 度, 当刀架组件 10继续下降, 直至工件接触件 83 的端部 83 1 开始触及到工 件的表面而围绕枢轴 82旋转, 从而使连杆 84向上运动, 连杆 84也带动标 尺架 85绕枢轴 88旋转, 从而带动刻度盘 89往上偏移, 使得指针 89指向的 刻度不断递增, 也就代表着工件穿过工件孔 7时被切除掉的材料量。 如此, 操作者从该刨削深度指示装置 80可得知工件将被切除掉的深度, 从而提醒 操作者选择合适的切削量。 同时, 操作者也可以通过指针 59在切深标尺 57 上的位置指示所期望的工件的厚度。
当然, 如本领域的技术人员所熟知, 刻度盘 89可以固定的方式安装在 托架 14上, 而指针 89可以安装在标尺架 85上也同样可以指示出工件被切 除的深度。
工件接触件 83 的长度应尽可能的长, 从而使其对沿着工件孔 7任何地 方插入的工件都能起到作用, 而且由于有些工件的表面非常不平滑, 所以如 果工件接触件 83 的长度足够长的话, 就可以检测出不平滑工件的最高点, 从而可以保护刨刀 121。
再参见图 2所示, 工件进给装置 13 包括一进料滚轮 13 1和一出料滚轮 132。 其中进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132均包括圆柱形主体部分 133 , 以及第一末 端 134和第二末端 135 , 其中主体部分 133主要用于输送工件。
进料滚轮 13 1 通过两末端 134、 135上设置的轴承 136可旋转地安装在 托架 14的第五安装孔 147 内, 并位于刨刀 12 1 的前侧; 同样, 出料滚轮 132 通过两末端 134、 135上设置的轴承 137可旋转地安装在托架 14的第六安装 孔 148 内, 并位于刨刀 121 的后侧。 当然, 如本领域的技术人员所熟知的, 该进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132与托架 14之间还设有压缩弹簧 (未图示), 该压 缩弹簧主要用以强制进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132始终与工件接触。
进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132通过同步传动机构 17使得旋转速率相等, 并由 刀轴 123通过驱动装置 1 8驱动。
如图 14所示, 同步传动机构 17釆用链轮链条传动机构, 该同步传动机 构 17 包括通过转轴安装在驱动装置 1 8上的第一链轮 17 1、 安装在进料滚轮 131上的第二链轮 172、 安装在出料滚轮 132上的第三链轮 173、 及安装在驱 动装置 18上的张紧链轮 174及链条 175。张紧链轮 174通过转轴可旋转地安 装在驱动装置 18上。 链条 175用于与第一、 第二、 第三链轮 171、 172、 173 以及张紧链轮 174啮合。
如图 14和图 15所示, 驱动装置 18 包括皮带传动机构 181 及齿轮变速 箱 19, 其中皮带传动机构 181 包括设置在刀轴 123端部的第一带轮 182、 可 枢转地设置在齿轮变速箱 19上的中间轴 185 (如图 15所示)、 设置在该中间 轴上的第二带轮 183, 以及与第一、 第二带轮 182、 183啮合的皮带 184。 如 图 15所示, 中间轴 185具有第一端部 186和第二端部 187, 第二带轮 182 设置在第一端部 186, 第二端部 187设有第一齿轮 188。
齿轮变速箱 19设置在托架 14的一侧, 用以减低中间轴 185旋转输入的 速率, 并产生两种不同的速度用以驱动同步传动机构 17, 从而使得进、 出料 滚轮 131、 132可以有两种不同的输出速度。 当然, 如业界技术人员所熟知 的, 也可以根据需要设置多种不同的输出速度。
如图 15所示, 齿轮变速箱 19 包括变速箱壳体 191、及收容于该壳体 191 中的两级齿轮减速系统及三级行星齿轮组。
变速箱壳体 191 由第一壳体 192和第二壳体 193组成, 其通过螺钉固定 连接。
两级齿轮减速系统包括与第一齿轮 188啮合的第二齿轮 194, 及与第二 齿轮 194啮合的第三齿轮 195。 第二齿轮 194与第三齿轮 195分别通过转轴 196、 197可旋转地安装在变速箱壳体的第一壳体 192上。
三级行星齿轮组包括一级行星齿轮 24进行减速和二级行星齿轮 25、 26 进行变速。
第一级行星齿轮组 24 包括由第一行星轮组 241、第一内齿圏 242和第一 行星架 243组成的减速系统, 第一行星轮组 241 包括设置在第一行星架 243 的支架前端 2431 上的若干行星轮 2411, 第一太阳轮 (未图示) 位于若干第 一行星轮 2411 的中央与各第一行星轮 2411 啮合, 而若干第一行星轮 2411 的外周齿轮与第一内齿圏 242 内齿啮合,并且第一内齿圏 242上的凸块 2421 与第一壳体 192的凹槽 (未图示) 啮合, 而使两者相对固定, 且第一太阳轮 与第三齿轮 195配接在一起。
第一行星架的支架后端 2432凸伸有第二太阳轮 254和第三太阳轮 264。 第二太阳轮 254齿数多于第三太阳轮 264的齿数。
第二行星齿轮组 25 由第二行星轮组 251、第二内齿圏 252和第二行星架 253组成, 第二行星轮组 251 包括设置在第二行星架 253 的支架上的若干行 星轮 2511, 第二太阳轮 254位于若干第二行星轮 2511 的中央与各第二行星 轮 2511啮合, 而若干第二行星轮 2511 的外周齿轮与第二内齿圏 252的内齿 啮合, 并且第二内齿圏 252的外圆周上设有若干凸块 2521。
第三行星齿轮组 26 由第三行星轮组 261、第三内齿圏 262和第二行星架 263组成, 第三行星轮组 261 包括设置在第二行星架 263 的支架上的若干行 星轮 2611, 第三太阳轮 264位于若干第三行星轮 2611 的中央与各第三行星 轮 2611啮合, 而若干第三行星轮 2611 的外周齿轮与第三内齿圏 262的内齿 啮合, 并且第三内齿圏 262的外圆周上设有若干凸块 2621。
其中第二行星架 253和第三行星架 263配接在一起, 具有支架 27, 该支 架 27通过销轴 271可旋转地设置在第二壳体 193 中。 第一链轮 171 与该销 轴 271 固定配接, 用以将电机传出的动力通过该齿轮变速箱 19传输给进、 出料滚轮 131、 132。
如图 14和图 15所示, 涨紧链轮 174与固定板 1743 固定连接, 而该固 定板 1743通过固紧螺钉 1741 和扭簧 1742设置在第二壳体 193上, 且由于 扭簧 1742的一端安装在固紧螺钉 1741上, 另一端则安装在固定板 1743上, 该扭簧 1742产生的扭力通过固定板 1743传递给涨紧链轮 174, 使得涨紧链 轮 174始终朝着涨紧链条 175的方向。
第二内齿圏 252和第三内齿圏 253有选择地被止动, 使得第二行星轮组 25或第三行星轮组 26有选择地处于工作状态。
电机运行时, 电机轴 112驱动刀轴 123旋转, 使得刨刀 121 用以刨削工 件; 同时刀轴 123通过皮带传动机构 181及两级齿轮减速后驱动第一太阳轮 在第一内齿圏 242 内运转, 如此刀轴 123输出的转速通过两级齿轮减速及一 级行星齿轮组 24减速后由第一行星架 243输出。 由于第二行星齿轮组 25或 第三行星齿轮组 26有选择地处于减速状态, 所以齿轮变速箱 19会提供两种 不同的速度给同齿传动机构 17 , 从而使得进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132可以有两 种不同的输送工件的速度。
变速机构 28用于控制齿轮变速箱 19 , 使得传输速度分别处于低速档和 高速档。
如图 15所示, 变速机构 28 包括变速手柄 28 1 , 用于支撑变速手柄 28 1 的支撑件 282 , 设置在支撑件 282上的定位件 286、 可选择地与该定位件 286 配合的第一、 第二定位槽 287、 288、 与该支撑件 282 固定连接并可枢转地安 装在变速箱第一壳体 192上的转轴 283 , 以及与第二、 第三内齿圏 252、 262 配合的第一、 第二拨动杆 284、 285。
其中变速手柄 28 1 收容于支撑件 282的收容槽 2821 中, 从而使得变速 手柄 28 1 与支撑件 282配接在一起。 如图 1所示, 变速手柄 28 1 穿过控制面 板 142上的槽 1421 , 从而方便操作者操作。 而且在控制面板 142上还标有方 便操作者识别的高、 低速档位的标记。
支撑件 282上还设有收容定位件 286的收容槽 2822 , 在本实施例中, 该 定位件 286是一钢珠, 且该钢珠 286可以凸出该收容槽 2822但不脱离该收 容槽 2822。 在该收容槽 2822 中还设有弹簧(未图示), 该弹簧用于压缩钢珠 286 , 使钢珠 286始终朝着支撑件 282的外侧的方向, 也就是始终朝着与第 一、 第二定位槽 287、 288配合的方向。
第一、 第二定位槽 287、 288设置在第一壳体 192上, 用于与钢珠 286 配合。
第一、第二拨动杆 284、 285可枢转地设置在转轴 283上,其通过扭簧 289 相互配接, 并始终保持一定的角度。
转轴 283上固定地设有第一、 第二销子 290、 291 , 第一拨动杆 284上设 有由第一、 第二接触面 292、 293及一底面形成的凹槽 294 , 第一销子 290 可在该凹槽 294 中滑动, 并可选择地与第一、 第二接触面 292、 293接触, 当第一销子 290跟随转轴 283顺时针旋转时 (如图 15 中的 F方向所示), 第 一销子 290与第一接触面 292接触,从而转轴 283就可以带动第一拨动杆 284 一起顺时针旋转; 当第一销子 290随转轴逆时针旋转时 (如图 15 中的 F方 向所示的反方向 ), 第一销子 290与第二接触面 293接触, 从而转轴 283就 可以带动第一拨动杆 284—起逆时针旋转。
同样, 第二拨动杆 285上设有由第一、 第二接触面 295、 296及一底面 形成的凹槽 297 , 第二销子 292可在该凹槽 297中滑动, 并可选择地与第一、 第二接触面 295、 296接触, 当第二销子 292跟随转轴 283顺时针旋转时(如 图 15 中的 F方向所示), 第二销子 292与第一接触面 295接触, 带动第二拨 动杆 292—起顺时针旋转; 当第二销子 292随转轴 283逆时针旋转时 (如图 15 中的 F方向所示的反方向 ), 第二销子 292与第二接触面 296接触, 带动 第二拨动杆 292—起逆时针旋转。
由于第一、 第二拨动杆 284、 285始终保持一定的角度, 所以两者不会 同时与第二、 第三内齿圏 252、 262配合。
如图 16和图 17所示, 由于第二、 第三内齿圏 252、 262的外圆周面上 设有若干个均匀分布的凸块 2521、 2621 , 所以在第一拨动杆 284上设有第一 卡槽 298 ,用于与第二内齿圏上的凸块 2521相卡接,从而使得第二内齿圏 252 可以被止动; 同样, 在第二拨动杆 285上设有第二卡槽 299 , 用于与第三内 齿圏 262上的凸块 2621相卡接, 从而使得第三内齿圏 262可以被止动。
变速手柄 28 1可移动地被置于两个位置, 在第一位置时, 如图 16所示, 钢珠 286与第一凹槽 287配合 (未图示), 此时第一拨动杆 284的卡槽 298 与第二内齿圏 252上的凸块 2521相卡接, 使得第二内齿圏 252被止动, 这 样第二行星齿轮组 25处于减速工作状态, 使得传输速度处于高速档。 如此, 使工件可以快速通过刨床 100。 而在这高速工作状态, 第二拨动杆 284的卡 槽 298与第三内齿圏 262上的凸块 262 1—直处于脱开位置。
向上拔动变速手柄 28 1 , 使其到达第二位置, 如图 17所示, 钢珠 286 与第二凹槽 288配合 (未图示), 此时第二拨动杆 285 的卡槽 299与第三内 齿圏 262上的凸块 2621相卡接, 使得第三内齿圏 262被止动, 这样第三行 星齿轮组 26处于减速状态, 使得传输速度处于低速档。 如此, 使工件慢速 通过刨床 100 , 将工件的表面慢慢刨削光滑, 而在这低速工作状态, 第一拨 动杆 284的卡槽 298与第二内齿圏 252上的凸块 2521 —直处于脱开位置。
由此, 操作者可以根据需要来调整进、 出料滚轮 13 1、 132的传送速度。 再参见图 2 , 进料防退装置 15具有轴 15 1 , 套设在轴 15 1上的若干挡板 152和若干垫片 153 , 且挡板和垫片以每两个挡板 152之间设有一垫片 153 的安装方式安装在轴 15 1上。 轴 15 1 固定安装在托架 14上, 与刀轴 123平 行, 并位于进料滚轮 13 1 的前侧。 挡板 152的下端具有棘爪 154 , 该棘爪 1 54 只允许工件朝着刨刀 12 1 的方向运动 (如图 2 中的 G方向 )。 当工件进入刨 床 100时,工件推动挡板 152向进料的方向转动,工件可以顺利进入刨床 100 中。 而当刨刀 121 刨削的反作用力或操作者企图向进料相反的方向 (如图 2 中的 G方向的反方向 ) 推动工件时, 工件推动挡板 153 向进料相反的方向转 动, 从而使得棘爪 154卡住工件, 使得工件无法退出。 从而防止工件由于刨 刀 121 刨削反作用力或操作者的误操作而伤到操作者。
而如果操作者在刨削过程中, 由于某些原因需要将工件从刨床中取出, 就需要首先关闭电源, 使刨床停止工作, 然后旋转刨床的旋转手柄 524 , 使 刀架组件 10沿着螺紋导杆 2向上移动, 这样, 工件孔 7的距离增大, 如此, 就可以轻松将工件取出。
如图 1 8所示, 集尘装置 16 包括防护罩 16 1、 外轮毂 162、 叶轮 163及 与防护罩 161 匹配的盖子 164。
盖子 164以可拆卸地方式安装在托架 14上,其由上盖 1641和下盖 1642 组成。 在下盖 1642的两侧对称地设有可伸缩的凸块 1643 (只显示了其中一 个), 在上盖 1641 的椭圆形的孔中设有与凸块 1643 配接的按扭 1644 , 而在 按扭 1644和盖子 164 中设有弹簧 (未图示), 该弹簧促使该凸块 1643始终 朝着下盖 1642的外侧方向。 在上盖 1641上还设有方便操作者操作的把手部 分 1645。
托架 14上设有与凸块 1643相配合的凹槽 150 (只显示了其中一个), 当 向上盖 1641 的内侧方向按压按扭 1644 , 促使该按扭 1644压缩弹簧, 从而使 凸块 1643 向下盖 1642的内侧方向移动, 这时可将盖子 164放入到托架 14 内, 然后释放按扭 1644 , 在弹簧的作用下, 凸块 1643朝着下盖 1642的外侧 方向移动, 从而与凹槽 150配合, 这时盖子 164就处于锁定装置。 同样, 当 向上盖 1641 的内侧方向按压按扭 1644 , 促使该按扭 1644压缩弹簧, 使凸块 1643向下盖 1642的内侧方向移动,这时凸块 1643就脱离与凹槽 1 50的配合, 从而通过 4巴手部分 1645就可以轻松将盖子 164取下。 防护罩 161 包括主体部分 1611及一集尘管道 1612,
主体部分 1611 由一对侧壁构件 1613及端壁构件 1614所界定, 形成一 相似于三角形的形状。 主体部分 1611 与盖子 164的下盖 1642相匹配, 形成 一个密封的空腔, 该空腔的大小最好可以完全覆盖刀具穴 141。 如此就可以 防止碎屑进入到电机壳体 111 等地方。
在主体部分 1611 的侧壁构件 1613 的一侧上设有供灰尘进入的入口 1615。 该入口 1615 大致为方形。
集尘管道 1612为两端开口的连接管道, 但在其它地方完全封闭。 其通 过形成在第一端与前侧壁构件 1613上的入口 1615相匹配的大致方形的开口 与主体部分 1611 配接, 其通过形成在第二端与外轮毂 162相匹配的圆形开 口与外轮毂 162配接。
外轮毂 162 由一对配合的毂体 1621 半件形成, 其合作界定一卷轴形中 央腔, 其包括一供灰尘进入的入口(未图示)和供灰尘排出的出口 1623, 该入 口与集尘管道 1612的第二端配接。 由于该外轮毂 162的具体结构为业界为 熟知, 在这里就不——赘述。 在外轮毂 162的一侧设有卡槽 1622, 电机壳体 111 的外侧设有相配合的卡块 118。 如此, 外轮毂 162通过卡槽 1622与电机 壳体 111上的卡块 118配接, 使得外轮毂 162 固定套设在电机壳体 111 的外 圆周上。
由于叶轮 163 的具体结构为业界为熟知, 在这里就不赘述。 该叶轮 163 配接在电机轴 112上。
如此, 当启动电机, 刨床 100进行刨削时产生的灰尘在刀具穴中通过抽 吸经防护罩 161 上的入口 1615后,经过集尘管道 1612进入外轮毂 162的入 口, 再由出口 1623进入到集尘袋中。
如图 18所示, 在托架 14的后侧还设有后盖 165, 该后盖 165通过销轴 1651可旋转地设置在托架 14上。其上设有供外轮毂 162的出口 1623 穿过的 孔 1653, 以及方便操作者操作的把手部分 1652。
当需要定期清洁主体部分 1611 以及刨刀 121上的碎屑时, 只需拉开后 盖 165, 然后向上盖 1641 的内侧方向按压按扭 1644, 促使该按扭 1644压缩 弹簧, 使凸块 1643 向下盖 1642的内侧方向移动, 这时凸块 1643就脱离与 凹槽 150的配合, 从而通过把手部分 1645轻松将盖子 164取下。 这样主体 部分 16 1 1 的侧壁构件 161 3 以及端壁构件 1614和刨刀 121 就完全暴露在外 面, 非常方便清洁。 另外, 如果需要对刨床进行筒单的维修或保养时, 也可 以在拉开后盖 165及取下盖子 164后进行, 当然需要先关闭电源。
工件 200往往不是一次就可以刨削到所期望的厚度以及理想的刨削表 面, 常常会刨削几次才能达到所期望的厚度以及理想的刨削表面。 这样就需 要将工件 200不断地从刨床的后侧 4拿到刨床的前侧 3 ,如此既费力又麻烦。 如图 19所示, 该刨床 100在托架 14的上顶面 10 1上设有用来传输工件 200 的传输装置 90。
如图 2和图 19所示, 该传输装置 90 包括第一导轮 91 和第二导轮 92 , 其中第一导轮 91 固定枢接在托架 14上, 第二导轮 92通过连接件 93活动枢 接在托架 14上。
第一、 第二导轮 91、 92 包括圆柱形主体部分 94 , 其主体部分 94主要用 于输送工件 200。
如图 14和图 19所示, 在托架 14上设有凸台 155 , 该凸台 155上设有收 容孔 156 , 第一导轮 91可旋转地设置在该收容孔 156中。
如图 14和图 19所示, 在托架 14上设有半圆形的凸台 157 , 该凸台 157 上设有收容孔 158 , 连接件 93 固定枢接在该收容孔 158 中。
连接件 93具有与托架 14相匹配的主体 93 1 , 如图 2所示, 在主体 93 1 上设有与托架 14相接触的凹部 932和凸起 933。 如图 1 所示, 第二导轮 92 处于存储位置, 连接件 93 的凹部 932与托架 14相接触, 这时第一导轮 91 与第二导轮 92处于同一水平面上, 当然在这一位置, 该传输装置 90可以用 来传输比较短的工件; 如图 19所示, 第二导轮 9处于工作位置, 连接件 93 的凸起 932与托架 14相接触。 这时第一导轮 91 与第二导轮 92也保持在同 一水平面上, 在这一位置, 该传输装置 90可以用来传送比较长的工件。
如图 20所示, 为本发明的第二实施例, 其中与第一实施例相同的部件 釆用相同的标号, 所不同的是: 在本实施例连接装置 30 中的第二支撑臂 32 和支撑柱 33是用一根支撑杆来替代, 同样可以实现本发明的创作构思。
如图 20所示, 连接装置 30a设置在刀架组件 10a和底座 l a之间, 用来 支撑刀架组件 10a使其可沿着螺紋导杆 2a上、 下移动, 从而可以实现刨刀 121a相对于底座 la的高度调节。 其中该螺紋导杆 2a可相对于底座 la的前、 后侧 3a、 4a枢转。
该连接装置 30a包括分别与底座 la枢转连接的第一支撑臂 31a和第二支 撑臂 32a。 其中第一支撑臂 31a通过第二枢轴 42a与底座 la固定枢接; 第二 支撑臂 32a通过第三枢轴 43a与底座 la固定枢接。其中第二枢轴 42a与第三 枢轴 43a同轴设置, 且该第二枢轴 42a和第三枢轴 43a是相对于底座 la固定 的。
第一支撑臂 31a通过第一枢轴 41a与刀架组件 10a 活动枢接; 第二支撑 臂 32a通过第四枢轴 44a与刀架组件 10a活动枢接, 且该第一枢轴 41a和第 四枢轴 44a相对于底座 la是活动的。
如此, 刀架组件 10a与第一支撑臂 31a、 第二支撑臂 32a组成了一个三 连杆机构。 其中刀架组件 10a与第一支撑臂 31a之间的第一枢轴 41a可移动 地设置在螺紋导杆 2a上, 从而带动刀架组件 10a沿着螺紋导杆 2a上、 下移 动, 实现刨刀 121a相对于底座 la的高度调节。
为了保证刨削的质量,也就是说需要保证刨刀 121a所在的平面始终与底 座 1 a平行。
而为了保证刨刀 121a所在的平面始终与底座 la平行, 只需保证刀架组 件 10a上的两个枢转轴之间的连线与水平或竖直方向保持一个恒定的夹角。 所以在本实施例中,刀架组件 10a既可以通过第四枢轴 44 a与第二支撑臂 32a 枢轴连接, 还可以相对于第二支撑臂 32a滑动, 从而保证刀架组件 10a上的 两个枢转轴 (第一枢轴 41 a和第四枢轴 44a ) 之间的连线与底座具有一个恒 定的夹角 β, 从而保证刨刀 121a所在的平面始终与底座 la平行, 提高了刨削 的质量。
而为了维修或更换刨刀的方便, 在第二支撑臂 32a与刀架组件 10a之间 设置有锁紧机构 ( 同第一实施例中的锁紧机构 60 ), 使得第二支撑臂 32a可 以与刀架组件 10a脱开配合, 从而使得该刀架组件 10也可以围绕第一枢轴 41a向刨床的前侧翻转过来。 如此, 刨刀 121a可以完全暴露在外面, 操作者 在维修或更换刀片时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨刀进行维修或 更换时非常方便、 安全。 如图 21 所示, 为本发明的第三实施例, 其中与第一实施例相同的部件 釆用相同的标号。
如图 21所示,在本实施例中连接装置 30b设置在刀架组件 10b和底座 lb 之间, 用来支撑刀架组件 10b使其可沿着螺紋导杆 2b上、 下移动, 从而可 以实现刨刀 121b相对于底座 lb的高度调节。 其中该螺紋导杆 2b可相对于 底座 lb的前、 后侧 3b、 4b枢转。
该连接装置 30b 包括与底座 lb 固定连接的支撑柱 33b以及分别与该支 撑柱 33b枢转连接的第一支撑臂 31b和第二支撑臂 32b。 其中支撑柱 33b与 底座 lb平行设置,第一支撑臂 31b通过第二枢轴 42a与支撑柱 33b固定枢接; 第二支撑臂 32 b通过第三枢轴 42a与支撑柱 33b固定枢接, 也就是说该第二 枢轴 42a与第三枢轴是相对于底座 1 a固定的。
第一支撑臂 3b通过第一枢轴 41b与刀架组件 10b活动枢接; 第二支撑 臂 32b通过第四枢轴 44b与刀架组件 10a 活动枢接,也就是说该第一枢轴 41b 和第四枢轴 44b相对于底座 la是活动的。
如此, 刀架组件 10b与第一支撑臂 31b、 第二支撑臂 32b和支撑柱 33b 组成了一个四连 4干机构。
其中第一枢轴 41b和第二枢轴 42b之间的距离与第三枢轴 43b和第四枢 轴 44b之间的距离相等; 第一枢轴 41b和第四枢轴 44b之间的距离与第二枢 轴 42b和第三枢轴 43b之间的距离也相等, 所以该四连杆机构是一个平行四 连杆机构。
在刀架组件 10b沿着螺紋导杆 2b上、 下移动的过程中, 螺紋导杆 2b也 会相对于底座 lb的前、 后侧 3b、 4b枢转运动。 如图 21 所示, 根据平行四 连杆机构的特性, 刀架组件 10b上的两个枢转轴 (第一枢轴 41b和第四枢轴 44b ) 之间的连线与支撑臂 33 b上的两个枢转轴 (第二枢轴 42b和第三枢轴 43b ) 之间的连线始终保持相互平行, 而后支撑臂 33b平行地设置在底座 lb 上, 所以刀架组件 10b上的两个枢转轴 (第一枢轴 41b和第四枢轴 44b ) 的 轴心之间的连线与底座 lb之间始终保持平行设置, 也就是说刀架组件 10b 上的刨刀 12 lb所在的平面始终与工作台 (未图示) 平行, 从而保证了刨削 质量。 而为了维修或更换刨刀的方便, 在第二支撑臂 32 b与刀架组件 10b之间 设置有锁紧机构 ( 同第一实施例中的锁紧机构 60 ) , 使得第二支撑臂 32b可 以与刀架组件 10b脱开配合, 从而使得该刀架组件 10b也可以围绕第一枢轴 41b向刨床的前侧 3b翻转过来。 如此, 刨刀 121 b可以完全暴露在外面, 操 作者在维修或更换刀片时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨刀进行维 修或更换时非常方便、 安全。
同样, 在第二支撑臂 32b与支撑柱 33b之间设置有锁紧机构, 使得第二 支撑臂 32b可以与支撑柱 33b脱开配合, 从而使得该刀架组件 10b可以围绕 第一枢轴 41b向刨床的前侧 3 b翻转过来。 如此, 刨刀 121 b可以完全暴露在 外面, 操作者在维修或更换刀片时, 具有很大的操作空间, 使得操作者对刨 刀进行维修或更换时非常方便、 安全。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种刨床, 包括底座(l,la,lb)、 与所述底座(l,la,lb)配接的导杆(2,2a,2b)、 可沿所述导杆(2, 2a, 2b)上、 下移动的刀架组件(10,10a,10b), 其中所述刀架组 件(10,10a,10b)包括电机及由电机驱动的刨刀(121,121a,121b), 其特征在于: 在所述刀架组件(10,10a,10b)和所述底座(l,la,lb)之间设有支撑所述刀架组件 (10,1(^,101))的连接装置(30,3(^,301)), 所述刀架组件(10, 10a, 10b)可枢转地与 所述连接装置(30,30a,30b)连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述连接装置(30,30a,30b)包 括第一支撑臂(31,31a,31b), 所述第一支撑臂(31 ,31 a,3 lb)与所述刀架组件
( 10,10a,10b ) 通过第 一枢轴(41,41a,41b)活动枢接, 所述第一支撑臂 (31,31a,31b)与所述底座(l,la,lb)通过第二枢轴(42,42a,42b)固定枢接。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述连接装置(30,30a,30b)进 一步包括第二支撑臂(32,32a,32b), 所述第二支撑臂(32,32a,32b)与所述刀架 组件 ( 10,10a,10b ) 通过第四枢轴(44,44a,44b)活动枢接, 所述第二支撑臂 (32,32a,32b)与所述底座(1,1a, lb)通过第三枢轴(43, 43a, 43b)固定枢接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述第二枢轴(42a)与所述第 三枢轴(43a)同轴设置。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述连接装置(32, 32b)进一步 包括与所述底座(1,1b)配接的支撑柱(33, 33b), 所述支撑柱(33, 33b)用于连接 第二枢轴(42,42b)和第三枢轴(43, 43b)。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件(10, 10b)与所述 支撑柱(33,33b)、 及所述第一支撑臂(31, 31b)和第二支撑臂(32, 32b)组成了一 个四连杆机构。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述四连杆机构是一个平行 四连杆机构(20,20b), 其中所述第一枢轴(41, 41b)和所述第二枢轴(42, 42b)之 间的距离与所述第三枢轴(43 ,43b)和所述第四枢轴(44, 44b)之间的距离相等; 所述第一枢轴(41, 41b)和所述第四枢轴(44, 44b)之间的距离与所述第二枢轴 (42, 42b)和所述第三枢轴(43,43b)之间的距离相等。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件(10, 10b)上的第 一枢轴(41, 41b)和第四枢轴(44, 44b)之间的连线与所述支撑柱(33, 33b)上的第 二枢轴(42,42b)和第三枢轴(43, 43b)之间的连线平行。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述支撑柱(33) 与所述底座(1) 固定配接, 且所述支撑柱(33 )上的第二枢轴(42)和第三枢轴(43 )之间的连线与 所述底座(1)具有夹角 α, 所述刀架组件(10)上的第一枢轴(41)和第四枢轴(44) 之间的连线与所述底座(1)之间具有恒定的夹角 α。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述支撑柱(33b)上的第二枢 轴(42b)和第三枢轴(43b)之间的连线与所述底座(lb)平行设置, 所述刀架组件 (10b)上的第一枢轴(41b)和第四枢轴(44b)之间的连线与所述底座(lb)平行。
11、 根据权利要求 2所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述导杆(2,2a,2b)可枢转地 设置在底座(1,1 a, lb)上, 所述第一枢轴(41,41a,41b)可移动地设置在所述导杆 (2,2a,2b)上。
12、 根据权利要求 11 所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述导杆(2)与所述刀架组 件(10)之间设有升降结构(50), 所述升降结构(50)用于调节所述刀架组件(10) 相对所述底座(1)高度。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述升降结构(50)包括调节 螺母(51)和调节机构(52), 所述调节螺母(51)与所述导杆(2)配合。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述调节螺母(51)包括上、 下主体部分(511、 512); 位于上、 下主体部分(511、 512)之间的中间凸缘(513); 以及延伸完全通过调节螺母(51)的内孔径(514) , 所述中间凸缘上设有蜗轮 (515), 所述内孔径(514)设有与导杆(2)配合的螺紋。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述调节机构(52)包括与调 节螺母(51)配合的蜗杆(521)、 连接蜗杆(521)的连接轴(522)、 以及设置在连接 轴(522)—端的手轮(523)。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述调节机构(52)进一步包 括旋转手柄(524) , 所述旋转手柄(524)可拆卸地设置在所述手轮(523)上。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述升降结构(50)还设有齿 轮箱壳体( 53 ) , 所述调节螺母( 51 )与其相啮合的蜗杆( 521 )收容于所述齿轮箱 壳体(53)中。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述齿轮箱壳体(53)上设有 第五枢轴(45)和第六枢轴(46) , 第一支撑臂(31 )通过所述第五枢轴(45)与齿轮 箱壳体(53)配接, 所述刀架组件(10)通过第六枢轴(46)与所述齿轮箱壳体(53) 配接, 其中所述第五、 第六枢轴(45、 46)与所述第一枢轴(41)同轴设置。
19、 根据权利要求 3所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件(10,10a,10b) 可拆卸地与所述第二支撑臂(32,32a,32b)枢转连接。
20、 根据权利要求 6所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述第二支撑臂(32, 32b)可 拆卸地与所述支撑柱(33, 33b)枢转连接。
21、 根据权利要求 19 或 20 所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件 (10,10a,10b)具有装有刨刀(121,121a,121b)的下底面(102)和相对设置的上顶 面(101), 所述刀架组件(10,10a,10b)围绕所述第一枢轴(41,41 a, 4 lb)在两个状 态之间活动, 在第一状态, 所述上顶面(101)与底座(l,la,lb)之间的距离大于
Figure imgf000034_0001
la,lb)之间的距离; 在第二状态, 所述上顶面(101) 与底座(l,la,lb)之间的距离小于所述下底面(102)与底座(l,la,lb)之间的距 离。
22、 根据权利要求 19所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件(10,10a,10b) 和所述第二支撑臂(32,32a,32b)之间设有锁紧机构(60 , 所述锁紧机构(60)包括 安装在刀架组件( 10 )上的轴承( 61 )、 可枢转地设置在所述第二支撑臂( 32 )上的 手柄(63)、 沿纵轴方向延伸的锁紧杆(64)、 以及用于连接手柄(63)和锁紧杆 (64)的连接杆(65)。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 通过旋转手柄(63), 可以使 得锁紧杆(64)沿其纵轴方向滑动且具有两个位置, 在第一位置, 所述锁紧杆 (64)与所述轴承(61)紧密接触, 所述刀架组件(10)与所述第二支撑臂(32)旋转 配接; 在第二位置, 所述锁紧杆(64)脱离与所述轴承(61)的配合, 所述刀架组 件(10)与所述第二支撑臂(32)脱开配合, 所述刀架组件(10)可围绕所述第一枢 轴(41)旋转。
24、 根据权利要求 19所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刨床还包括设置在刀 架组件(10)上的开关(119), 以及设置在刀架组件(10)和第二支撑臂(32)之间的 安全锁定装置(70)。
25、 根据权利要求 24所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述安全锁定装置(70)包括 设置在刀架组件(10)上的插座(71 )和设置在第二支撑臂(32)上的电源线(72) , 其中所述插座(71)通过电线与所述开关(119)串联, 所述电源线(72)的一端设 有与所述插座(71)配接的插头(73), 当所述刀架组件(10)围绕所述第一枢轴 (41)旋转时, 所述插头(73)与所述插座(71)脱开。
26、 根据权利要求 4所述的刨床, 其特征在于: 所述刀架组件(10a)与所述第 一支撑臂(31a)和所述第二支撑臂(32a)组成了一个三连杆机构, 其中所述刀架 组件(10a)可滑动地设置在所述第二支撑臂(32a)上, 所述刀架组件(10a)上的 第一枢轴(41 a)和第四枢轴(44a)之间的连线与所述底座(la)具有恒定的夹角 β。
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