WO2010019493A1 - Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography - Google Patents
Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010019493A1 WO2010019493A1 PCT/US2009/053260 US2009053260W WO2010019493A1 WO 2010019493 A1 WO2010019493 A1 WO 2010019493A1 US 2009053260 W US2009053260 W US 2009053260W WO 2010019493 A1 WO2010019493 A1 WO 2010019493A1
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- protein
- monoclonal antibody
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- citrate
- monomeric monoclonal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39591—Stabilisation, fragmentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/16—Extraction; Separation; Purification by chromatography
- C07K1/22—Affinity chromatography or related techniques based upon selective absorption processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
Definitions
- Another previous approach to reducing protein aggregation in mAb formulations was to use advanced chromatography methods, such as peak cutting, to reduce the amount of protein aggregation following the affinity chromatography step. These approaches are time-consuming, and they are often unsuccessful necessitating additional chromatography steps to produce rnAb formulations suitable for human use. Yet another previous approach to reducing protein aggregation in mAb formulations was to use stabilizing agents, which can have several disadvantages including, changes in protein activity, difficulty in further purification steps, and potentially undesirable immunological responses in patients.
- the methods that are the subject of the present invention address the need for simpler and less expensive processes for reducing protein aggregation in monoclonal antibody formulations in order to purify monomeric monoclonal antibodies suitable for human use.
- step (c) collecting one or more fractions of the monomeric monoclonal antibody from step (b) to form a Protein A product pool, wherein the product pool
- (i) comprises less than 5% higher order aggregate, and (ii) has a pH from about 3.5 to about 4.0, thereby purifying the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the sample.
- This invention provides a third method for purifying a monomeric monoclonal antibody from a sample, wherein the sample comprises the monomeric monoclonal antibody, host cell impurities, dimers, and higher order aggregates, comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a Protein A affinity chromatographic column at a temperature from about 15°C to about 27 0 C; (b) eluting the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the Protein A affinity chromatographic column with an elution buffer comprising acetate at a concentration from about 0.050 M to about 0.200 M; and (c) collecting one or more fractions of the rnonomeric monoclonal antibody from step (b) to form a Protein A product pool, wherein the product pool (i) comprises less than 5% higher order aggregate, and (ii) has a pH from about 3.5 to about 4.5, thereby purifying the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the sample.
- Figure 1 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation at a PAP pool pH of 6.1 as a function of time at 4 0 C, 17 0 C and 37 0 C for an anti-DKK- 1 monoclonal antibody (SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 shown in Figure 22).
- o pH 6.1 at 4°C
- o pH 6.1 at 17°C
- ⁇ pH 6.1 at 37°C.
- Figure 2 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation at a PAP pool pH of 3.5 as a function of time at 4°C, 17°C and 37°C for the anti-DKK- 1 monoclonal antibody (SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 shown in Figure 22).
- G pH 3.5 at 4°C
- ⁇ pH 3.5 at 37 0 C.
- Figure 5 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody at a PAP pool pH of 3.5 as a function of time at 25°C and 30 0 C.
- o pH 3.5 at 30 0 C.
- Figure 7 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation at a pH of 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 as a function of time at 21°C for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody.
- ⁇ pH 4.0 at 21 0 C, o - pH 4.5 at 21 0 C 5 and ⁇ - pH 5.0 at 21°C.
- Figure 8 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation at a pH of 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 as a function of time at 30 0 C for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody.
- a pH 4.0 at 30 0 C, o - pH 4.5 at 30°C
- ⁇ pH 5.0 at 3O 0 C.
- Figure 9 shows the rate of dimer formation at a pH of 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 as a function of time at 21 0 C for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody.
- D pH 4.0 at 21°C, o - pH 4.5 at 21°C, and ⁇ - pH 5.0 at 21°C.
- Figure 13 shows higher order aggregate formation as a function of time at 5OmM and 100 raM citrate concentration at room temperature for the anti- DKK-1 monoclonal antibody.
- ⁇ pH 3.5 at 25 0 C
- Figure 14 shows higher order aggregate formation as a function of citrate concentration and time at 25 0 C for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody.
- ⁇ 60 mM citrate at pH 3.8
- Ul 75 mM citrate at pH 3.6
- -53 100 mM citrate at pH 3.6
- E22 85 mM citrate at pH 3.4
- fflfll 40 mM citrate at pH 3.4.
- Figure ISA shows the DSC profiles for the anti-DKKl antibody in 30 mM, 60 mM and 100 niM citrate at pH 3.0.
- FIG. 15B shows the DSC profiles for the anti-DKKl antibody in
- Figure 16A shows the DSC profiles for the anti-DKKl antibody in 30 mM, 60 mM and 100 mM citrate at pH 4.5.
- Figure 16B shows the DSC profiles for the anti-DKKl antibody in 30 mM, 60 mM and 100 mM citrate at pH 5.0.
- Figure 16D shows the DSC profiles for the anti-DKKl antibody in
- Figure 18 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody for 100 mM citrate elution with and without 250 mM arginine at 25 0 C.
- 0 100 mM citrate + 250 mM arginine at pH 3.5 and 25 0 C, and G - 100 mM citrate only at pH 3.5 and 25 0 C.
- Figure 19 shows the rate of higher order aggregate formation for the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody for various citrate concentrations as compared to phosphate buffer as a function of time at 25 0 C.
- KHI 60 mM citrate
- Hl 75 mM citrate
- Si 40 mM citrate
- C-H H3PO4
- S 100 mM citrate
- Figure 22 shows the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody amino acid sequences for the heavy and light chains. (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2)
- Figure 23 shows the anti-ADDL # 1 monoclonal antibody amino acid sequences for the heavy and light chains. (SEQ ⁇ D NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4)
- Figure 24 shows the anti-ADDL # 2 monoclonal antibody amino acid sequences for the heavy and light chains. (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO:6)
- Figure 25 shows the anti-hIL-13r ⁇ -l monoclonal antibody amino acid sequences for the heavy and light chains. (SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO:8)
- Figure 26 shows the alignment of the amino acid sequence from the IgG2m4 Fc region of the monoclonal antibody compared to that of the Fc regions from IgGl, IgG2, and IgG4.
- protein or "polypeptide” as used herein shall mean a polypeptide made up of amino acid residues covalently linked together by peptide bonds.
- each antibody has a unique structure that allows it to bind its specific antigen, but all antibodies have the same overall structure as described herein.
- the basic antibody structural unit is known to comprise a tetramer of subunits. Each tetramer has two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light” chain (about 25 kDa) and one "heavy” chain (about 50-70 kDa).
- the amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition.
- the carboxy-terminal portion of each chain defines a constant region primarily responsible for effector function (10).
- Fc shall refer to the 'fragment crystallized' C- terminal region of the antibody containing the C]Ff2 and CH3 domains.
- Fab shall refer to the 'fragment antigen binding' region of the antibody containing the VH, QHU VL and CL domains.
- mAb monoclonal antibody
- monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site.
- polyclonal antibody preparations which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes)
- each mAb is directed against a single determinant on the antigen.
- monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they can be synthesized by hybridoma culture, uncontaminated by other immunoglobulins.
- the term "monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
- the monoclonal antibodies herein can be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al, (1975) Nature, 256:495, or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (11).
- monomeric monoclonal antibody as used herein shall refer to an antibody molecule containing two heavy chains and two light chains, i.e. a monomer.
- an “anti-DKX-1" antibody shall mean a monoclonal antibody with the amino acid sequences for light and heavy chains as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, see Figure 22.
- an “anti-ADDL” antibody shall mean a monoclonal antibody with the amino acid sequences for heavy and light chains set forth here in SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6, see Figure 23 and Figure 24, respectively.
- an "anti-hIL-13r ⁇ r antibody shall mean a monoclonal antibody with the amino acid sequences for heavy and light chains as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO: 8, see Figure 25.
- a "modified IgG2 antibody” shall mean an antibody having an "IgG2m4" Fc region of a monoclonal antibody as represented by the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 26.
- the term "dimer” as used herein shall mean a biologic molecule consisting of two subunits called monomers.
- “Dimers” of the present invention shall mean a molecule containing two monomeric monoclonal antibodies.
- aggregate or “aggregation” as used herein shall mean agglomeration or oligomerization of two or more individual molecules, i.e. protein aggregate or protein aggregation. Protein aggregates can be soluble or insoluble.
- protein degradation shall mean a monomeric monoclonal antibody or protein that degrades under a certain condition to form a dimer or higher order aggregate.
- a protein comprising a CJJ2/CH3 region may be reversibly bound to, or adsorbed by, the protein A.
- Protein A affinity chromatography columns for use in protein A affinity chromatography herein include, but are not limited to, protein A immobilized on an agarose solid phase, for instance the MABSELECTTM or MABSURETM columns (Amersham Biosciences Inc.); protein A immobilized on a polystyrene solid phase, for instance POROS 50ATM columns (Applied Biosystems Inc.).
- the term "citrate” shall mean the anionic species present in the elution buffer as derived from the corresponding acid or salt.
- acetate shall mean the anionic species present in the elution buffer as derived from the corresponding acid or salt.
- protein A product or "PAP” as used herein shall mean the product which is eluted from the protein A affinity chromatography column using an acid such as sodium citrate or sodium acetate.
- quenched protein A product or "QPAP” as used herein shall mean the addition of a base to the PAP, such as tris base or a phosphate solution, to raise the pH of the PAP from about pH 3.0 to 4.0 to about 6.0 to 7.5.
- yield shall mean the amount of product recovered divided by the amount of product loaded onto the column multiplied by 100. For example, a column loaded with a solution that contained 100 grams of product, but from which 80 grams of product was recovered from the elution stream, would have an 80% yield.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- thermoanalytic technique that measures the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference as a function of temperature.
- DSC provides information on the thermal stability of a protein and its individual domains and on the solubility of the unfolded forms of the protein.
- high pressure or performance liquid chromatography or
- HPLC as used herein shall mean a form of column chromatography that utilizes high pressure to separate, identify, and quantify compounds. HPLC uses a column containing a stationary phase at a specified temperature, a pump for the mobile phase solution, and a detector to quantify each compound injected onto the column.
- HPLC uses a column containing a stationary phase at a specified temperature, a pump for the mobile phase solution, and a detector to quantify each compound injected onto the column.
- stabilizing agent as used herein shall mean an agent, such as arginine proline, or histidine, which reduces the rate of protein aggregate formation.
- time zero sample as used herein shall mean the starting time of the experiment, which represents immediately after the product has eluted from the resin.
- This invention provides a first method for purifying a monomeric monoclonal antibody from a sample, wherein the sample comprises the monomeric monoclonal antibody, host cell impurities, dimers, and higher order aggregates, comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a Protein A affinity chromatography column; (b) eluting the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the Protein A affinity chromatography column with an elution buffer; and (c) collecting one or more fractions of the monomeric monoclonal antibody from step (b) to form a Protein A product pool, wherein the product pool (i) comprises less than 5% higher order aggregate, and (ii) has a pH from about 3.5 to about 4,5, thereby purifying the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the sample.
- the elution buffer is acetate or citrate.
- the concentration of citrate in the elution buffer is from about 0.030 M to about 0.085 M. As used herein, "about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M.
- the concentration of acetate is from about 0.050 M to about 0.200 M. As used herein, “about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M. In another embodiment of the above method, the method is conducted at a temperature from about 4 0 C to about 30 0 C. As used herein, “about” shall mean ⁇ 4 0 C.
- the method is conducted at a temperature from about 15 0 C to about 27 0 C.
- "about” shall mean ⁇ 4°C.
- the monomeric monoclonal antibody is an IgG antibody.
- the monomeric monoclonal antibody is an IgGl or a modified IgG2 antibody.
- the IgGl antibody is an anti-ADDL antibody.
- the anti-ADDL antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4 in Figure 23 (See, e.g. PCT Intl. Appln. No. PCT/US2005/038125).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody ( Figure 26) (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/581,931).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- DKK-I antibody.
- One example is the anti ⁇ DKK-l antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 in Figure 22 (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 12/012,885).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti-
- ADDL antibody One example is the anti-ADDL antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6 in Figure 24 (See, e.g., PCT Intl. Appln. No. PCT/US2006/040508).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- hIL ⁇ 13r ⁇ l antibody.
- One example is the anti- hIL-13r ⁇ -l antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO:8 in Figure 25 (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/875,017).
- an amino acid is added to the elution buffer at a concentration from about 50 mM to about 500 mM.
- concentration from about 50 mM to about 500 mM.
- “about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M.
- the amino acid used is histidine, proline, or arginine.
- This invention provides a second method for purifying a monomeric monoclonal antibody from a sample, wherein the sample comprises the monomeric monoclonal antibody, host cell impurities, dimers, and higher order aggregates, comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a Protein A affinity chromatographic column at a temperature from about 15 0 C to about 27 0 C; (b) eluting the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the Protein A affinity chromatographic column with an elution buffer comprising citrate at a concentration from about 0.030 M to about 0.085 M; and (c) collecting one or more fractions of the monomeric monoclonal antibody from step (b) to form a Protein A product pool, wherein the product pool (i) comprises less than 5% higher order aggregate, and (U) has a pH from about 3.5 to about 4.0, thereby purifying the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the sample.
- the elution buffer is acetate or citrate.
- the concentration of citrate in the elution buffer is from about 0.030 M to about 0.085 M. As used herein, "about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M.
- the method is conducted at a temperature from about 4°C to about 30 0 C.
- "about” shall mean ⁇ 4 0 C.
- the method is conducted at a temperature from about 15 0 C to about 27 0 C.
- "about” shall mean ⁇ 4 0 C.
- the monomeric monoclonal antibody is an IgG antibody.
- the monomeric monoclonal antibody is an IgGl or a modified IgG2 antibody.
- the IgGl antibody is an anti-ADDL antibody.
- the anti-ADDL antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4 in Figure 23 (See, e.g. PCT Intl. Appln. No. PCT/US2005/038125).
- the modified IgG2 antibody is an IgG2m4 antibody ( Figure 26) (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/581,931).
- ADDL antibody One example is the anti-ADDL antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6 in Figure 24 (See, e.g., PCT Intl. Appln. No. PCT/US2006/040508).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- hIL-13r ⁇ -l antibody.
- One example is the anti- WL-13r ⁇ -l antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO: 8 in Figure 25 (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/875,017).
- an amino acid is added to the elution buffer at a concentration from about 50 mM to about 500 mM. As used herein, "about” shall mean ⁇ O.OlS M.
- This invention provides a third method for purifying a monomeric monoclonal antibody from a sample, wherein the sample comprises the monomeric monoclonal antibody, host cell impurities, dimers, and higher order aggregates, comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a Protein A affinity chromatographic column at a temperature from about 15 0 C to about 27 0 C; (b) eluting the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the Protein A affinity chromatographic column with an elution buffer comprising acetate at a concentration from about 0.050 M to about 0.200 M; and (c) collecting one or more fractions of the monomeric monoclonal antibody from step (b) to form a Protein A product pool, wherein the product pool (i) comprises less than 5% higher order aggregate, and (ii) has a pH from about 3.5 to about 4.5, thereby purifying the monomeric monoclonal antibody from the sample.
- the elution buffer is acetate or citrate.
- the concentration of citrate in the elution buffer is from about 0.030 M to about 0.085 M. As used herein, "about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M.
- the method is conducted at a temperature from about 15 0 C to about 27 0 C.
- "about” shall mean ⁇ 4 0 C.
- the monomeric monoclonal antibody is an IgG antibody.
- IgG2m4 antibody ( Figure 26) (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/581,931).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- DKK-I antibody.
- One example is the anti-DKK-1 antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 in Figure 22 (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 12/012,885).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- ADDL antibody.
- One example is the anti-ADDL antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6 in Figure 24 (See, e.g., PCT Intl. Appln. No. PCT/US2006/040508).
- the modified IgG2m4 antibody is an anti- hIL-13r ⁇ -l antibody.
- One example is the anti- hIL-13r ⁇ -l antibody of which the heavy and light chains are represented as SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID NO:8 in Figure 25 (See, e.g., U.S. Serial No. 11/875,017).
- an amino acid is added to the elution buffer at a concentration from about 50 mM to about 500 mM.
- concentration from about 50 mM to about 500 mM.
- “about” shall mean ⁇ 0.015 M.
- the amino acid used is histidine, proline, or arginine.
- All PAP or QPAP samples were analyzed for mAb monomer concentration using a PORO STM Protein A ID immunoaffmity cartridge on an Agilent 1100TM HPLC system (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA). Protein aggregates (dimers and higher order aggregates) in each sample were quantified using a Tosoh size exclusion column (0.78 cm ID x 30 cm length) on an Agilent 1100TM HPLC system. A pH probe ( ⁇ 0.1 pH unit accuracy) and a meter with temperature compensation (both from Fisher Scientific) were used to measure the solution pH.
- the level of higher order aggregates significantly increased with increasing temperature ( Figure 2).
- the level of dimer increased by 0.8% at pH 3.6 with increasing temperature up to 17 0 C ( Figure 4).
- the stability of the monomer decreases rapidly (See, Figures 2 and 4), which promotes significant precipitation of protein aggregates. This precipitation could affect the accuracy of the quantification of protein aggregate levels by HPSEC and represents a limitation of this method.
- the temperature is lowered to 4°C, the HOA level was only 0.7% after 30 minutes and 1.5% after 8 hours ( Figure 2). Therefore, by lowering the temperature of the PAP from 17°C to 4 0 C, the HOA level was significantly reduced by 4%-7%.
- AKTA EXPLORER 100TM (GE Healthcare). Phosphate, citrate, and sodium hydroxide buffers were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Tris base for pH adjustment of the PAP was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT).
- MABSELECTTM resin for Protein A affinity chromatography experiments was purchased from GE Healthcare. Depth filtered centrate was used as the feed stock for the Protein A affinity chromatography experiments.
- PBS 6 raM sodium phosphate pH 7.2
- the pH of the QPAP was decreased to between pH 4.0 and pH 5,0 to determine the effect of pH on protein aggregation.
- the monomer was stable at 21 0 C and 30°C at pH 4.5 or greater for at least 2.5 hours (See, Figures 7 and 9, and 8 and 10).
- the HOA levels at pH 4.0 at 21°C ranged from 0.9%-2.0% and at 30 0 C ranged from 3%-13% over 2.5 hours ( Figure 7 and Figure 8).
- the HOA level at pH 4.0 increased with increasing temperature, which is the same trend discovered in Example 1 at pH 3.5.
- the dimer level held constant at 21 0 C and pH 4.0-5.0 but increased when the temperature was increased to 30 0 C at pH 4.0 ( Figure 9 and Figure 10).
- pH In addition to temperature, pH also affected the kinetic rate of formation of protein aggregates in the PAP pool. As the pH of the PAP pool increased, the rate of higher order aggregate and dimer significantly decreased. The impact of ionic strength change in this experiment was modulated by using a highly concentrated acid. In order to prevent protein aggregation during Protein A affinity chromatography elution and subsequent low pH hold step, the elution can be performed at a higher pH.
- AKTA EXPLORER 100TM (GE Healthcare). Phosphate, citrate, and sodium hydroxide buffers were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Tris base for pH adjustment of the PAP was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). MABSELECTTM resin for Protein A affinity chromatography experiments was purchased from GE Healthcare. Depth filtered centrate was used as the feed stock for the Protein A affinity chromatography experiments. A Thermomixer R (Eppendorf) was used to control the PAP and QPAP sample temperatures.
- This elution step was repeated three additional times using 20%, 30%, and 100% of 0.1M sodium citrate pH 3.5 buffer 20 mM, 30 mM and 100 mM citrate, respectively). After elution, all of the PAP streams were quenched to pH 6 using 1 M tris base. The column was regenerated with 50 mM sodium hydroxide, 1 M sodium chloride at 0.5-1.0 mL/min and stored in 20 v% ethanol in PBS.
- the Protein A affinity column was regenerated with 5 CVs of 50 mM sodium hydroxide, 1 M sodium chloride at 2.4 mL/min and stored in 20% ethanol in PBS.
- the PAP pool was subdivided into separate 2 mL aliquots. Citrate (4M, 5-10 ⁇ L) was added to an aliquot to reach pH 3.4 or 3.6. Phosphoric acid (8 v%, 10 ⁇ L) was added to an aliquot to reach pH 3.6.
- the column was washed with 3 CVs of PBS followed by 4 CVs of 6 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.2 at 0.2 mL/min.
- a 50% gradient of 100 mM citrate pH 3.5 was used to elute the anti-DKK-1 monoclonal antibody from the resin. During elution, fractions were collected every 0.5 CV from 0.5 to 3.0 CVs.
- the Protein A affinity column was eluted with various citrate concentrations to determine the lowest concentration of citrate possible for elution of the monomer from the resin.
- the 10 v% and 20 v% citrate concentrations eluted 80% of the monomer that was bound to the column (not shown).
- the citrate concentration was increased to 30 v%, only 2% additional monomer eluted from the column. Therefore, the minimum concentration to elute > 80% monomer from the column was 20 mM citrate.
- the addition of phosphoric acid increased the rate of HOA formation faster than citrate at the same solution pH (3.6).
- the PAP pool pH 3.6 the following four different acid concentrations were tested: 40 mM, 75 mM, and 100 mM citrate, and 60 mM citrate with 0.1 v% phosphoric acid.
- the level of HOA increased as the citrate concentration increased.
- the level of HOA increased significantly over time at citrate concentrations greater than 75 mM. For example > within a one hour time frame, the rate of HOA in 100 mM citrate was 2% per 20 minutes compared to 0.2%-0.3% per 20 minutes in 75 mM citrate at the same pH of 3.6.
- the addition of phosphoric acid to the PAP pool increased the rate of HOA formation than citrate at the same solution pH of 3.6.
- the concentration of citrate in the PAP pool had an impact on HOA formation when the pH was held constant.
- the PAP was extremely stable and contained ⁇ 0.4% HOA at ⁇ 15 0 C over at least 12 hours with the 50 mM citrate elution condition at pH 3.9.
- the anti-DKK-1 mAb also showed improved stability at higher temperatures in the PAP.
- the PAP contained 1.0%-l .4% HOA.
- the HOA level in the PAP for the low pH hold time of 30-60 minutes was 0.2%-0.4% at 20-25 0 C, which is below the 3%-6% HOA level in the lot as shown by the comparison in Figure 13.
- the total amount of protein degradation (HOA plus dimer) in the 50 mM citrate PAP was 1.5%, which met the goal of ⁇ 5%. Therefore, reducing the citrate concentration and increasing the pH was proven to significantly reduce the HOA level in the PAP from 3%-6% to 0.5% for a hold time of ⁇ 60 minutes.
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry is a tool used to measure protein stability. Protein stability is largely dependent on the environment, which has the ability to both stabilize and destabilize the folded structure of the protein. DSC operates by measuring the heat capacity of a protein solution during a temperature ramp as compared to the heat capacity of a solvent reference. The differential heat capacity between the protein solution and the solvent reference provides a profile representing the denaturation of the protein. From this profile, the apparent melting temperature I can be determined. The denaturation of a protein into an unfolded state often results in undesirable events, such as aggregation or chemical degradation (19, 20, 21, 22, 23).
- DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
- citric acid 100 mM citric acid (Sigma, St. Louis).
- the citrate solutions were pH adjusted to target values of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 pH units using sodium hydroxide
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/058,301 US20110144311A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
EP09791328A EP2321338A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
MX2011001696A MX2011001696A (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography. |
CA2733782A CA2733782A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
CN2009801390242A CN102171237A (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
JP2011523064A JP5529869B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Antibody purification method using protein A affinity chromatography |
AU2009282234A AU2009282234A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-08-10 | Methods for purifying antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
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AU (1) | AU2009282234A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2733782A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2011001696A (en) | 2011-03-25 |
US20110144311A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
CN102171237A (en) | 2011-08-31 |
AU2009282234A8 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EP2321338A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
AU2009282234A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
CA2733782A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
JP2011530606A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
JP5529869B2 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
SG2013061528A (en) | 2015-03-30 |
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